Upload
aquene
View
21
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE TOWARDS A 90% CO 2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS. EUROHEAT & POWER CONFERENCE BRUSSELS - 5 JUNE 2008 JOAN SABATÉ / CHRISTOPH PETERS. Increase of CO 2 -emissions in Spain 1990 - 2008. Crisis what crisis ?. Resources: Materials – Energy - Water. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGSSUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE
TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
EUROHEAT & POWER CONFERENCE BRUSSELS - 5 JUNE 2008
JOAN SABATÉ / CHRISTOPH PETERS
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Increase of CO2-emissions in Spain 1990 - 2008
Crisis what crisis ?
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Resources: Materials – Energy - Water
Density
Multi-functionality
Transport
Energy Demand, Generation & Distribution
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
1. Use of low environmental impact
materials with minimum embodied energy for their production, reuse, recycling or disposal.
2. Reduction of the building’s energy demand by means of architectural design and special attention to the composition of the building’s envelope.
3. Use of energy efficient systems for HVAC and lighting and introduction of a Building Management System
Sustainable building design criteriaPrimary3,8%
Industry34,9%
Transport38,1%
Residential12,8%
Service14,2%
final energy consumption in 2003 in Catalonia: 15,2 millions tep
4. Use of natural resources,
including rainwater harvesting and grey water reuse, RES.
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Police Station, Tarragona Micro-trigeneration
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Catalan Blood and Tissue Bank, Barcelona
Aquifer ground water cooling – open loop
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
60 social housing apartments, Tossa de Mar Geothermal heat pump – closed loop
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
96 social housing apartments, Barcelona District energy
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
96 social housing apartments, Barcelona
• Urban solid waste incineration, (vapour 30 t/h)
• Gas boiler backup (vapour 30 t/h)
• Vapour/water heat exchangers (4x 5,000kW)
• Absorption chillers (4x 4,500 kW)
• Sea water heat exchangers (4x 12,000 kW)
• Compression chillers (3x 4,000 kW)
• Cold water storage tank (5,000 m3)
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Installation scheme, District energy network Barcelona
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Absorption chiller, District energy network Barcelona
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
District energy network Barcelona
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Año
kW
Potencia calor kW Potencia frio kW
District energy network Barcelona, installed capacity 2004 - 2011
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional individual solutions: 51%
72%
5%
23%
Vapor TERSA Gas Electricidad
82%
18%
Vapor TERSA Gas
Heat, 2010
Cold, 2010
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Study of the possibilities of reduction of CO2-emissions and its application to a 60 apartment social housing project at
Tossa de Mar, Costa Brava, Catalonia
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Study of the possibilities of reduction of CO2-emissions and its application to a 60 apartment social housing project at
Tossa de Mar, Costa Brava, Catalonia
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Sabaté Associats Balmes 439 1r 1ª T +34 932 531 269 e-mail: [email protected]
Arquitectura i sostenibilitat 08022 Barcelona F +34 932 531 646 web: www.saas.cat
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Methodology: analysis of the overall energy consumption and associated emissions over an expected 50 year building’s lifecycle
• Reference building that fulfils minimum requirements of the actual Spanish and Catalan building regulations (CTE / DEE)
• Project building with reduced CO2 emissions
• respecting two premises:
• to focus on building technologies well known regionally
• not to exceed the overall construction costs by more than 5% compared to a conventional new building in Catalonia
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Methodology: Evaluation of the overall performance of the buildings during a life-cycle of 50 years:
• Production and transport of materials
• Construction process
• Operation of the building
• Deconstruction process
• Reuse and recycling
•
Source image: Sieglinde Fuller
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Sabaté Associats Balmes 439 1r 1ª T +34 932 531 269 e-mail: [email protected]
Arquitectura i sostenibilitat 08022 Barcelona F +34 932 531 646 web: www.saas.cat
Example façades - Cost, weight, embodied energy, associated emissions
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Example roofs - Analysis of 8 alternative systems: Cost, weight, embodied energy, associated emissions
For each kind of roof the necessary isolation was used to achieve similar thermal transmittances (U-value between 0,23 and 0,30 W/m2·K).
Roof systems (values per m2 of functional unit) Cost (€) Weight (kg) Energy (MJ) Emissions (kgCO2) Green flat roof (I) 100.13 386.75 1027.76 137.33 Green flat roof (II) 88.74 372.53 1098.23 157.64 Inverted transitable flat roof (Terrazzo fin ish) 98.49 396.62 977.56 122.71 Inverted flat roof (PVC - recycled gravel) 54.44 350.81 615.49 84.68 Inverted flat roof (EPDM - recycled gravel) 51.61 350.15 606.87 83.48 Inverted flat roof (Bitumen - recycled gravel) 55.28 353.29 677.77 93.74 Conventional flat roof (Recycled g ravel) 46.31 352.76 616.34 84.67 Conventional flat roof (cork - recycled gravel) 49.06 361.69 35.73 44.60
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Reference building Project building % reduction
Weight 2,167 kg/m2 1,573 kg/m2 27.41 %
Energy 5,834 MJ/m2 4,419 MJ/m2 24.25 %Emissions 555 Kg CO2/m2 412 Kg CO2/m2 25.77 %
143 kg CO2/m2
412 kg CO2/m2
Embodied energy in the materials:
Savings of 143 kg CO2/m2 gross floor area, equivalent to 26 % of the emissions of the reference building
Use of recycled sands and gravel in foundations and roofs
Prefabricated concrete structure
Insulation of mineral wool
Wooden window frames and solar protections
Wooden pathway for apartment access
Linoleum flooring
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
For any further CO2-reduction concerning the building materials, special attention must be given to reducing underground built
volume (parking areas) and using light weight structures.
The four materials with major impact (steel, concrete, cement and laminated steel) represent almost half of the CO2 – emissions.
Project building
Materials with more than 5% CO2 - emissions
Material KgCO2/m2 Concentration according to functional units
Steel 89.79 21.80% 44% Foundations and protection walls, 49% Structures
Concrete 42.84 10.40% 100% Structures
Cement 42.17 10.24% 72% Foundations, 16% Structures, 7% Roofs and façades
Laminated steel 23.92 5.81% 100% Structures
Total 198.72 48.25%
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Reduction of 34 % of the energy demand by design
• Optimization of block’s orientation and shape
• Fixed solar protections - balconies
• Increase of insulation and use of wooden carpentry
• Use of thermal inertia of roof slabs and ceilings
ECOTECT, LIDER, TRNSYS
N15°
30°
45°
60°
75°
90°
105°
120°
135°
150°
165°180°
195°
210°
225°
240°
255°
270°
285°
300°
315°
330°
345°
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
012345
6
7
8
9
10
11121314
15
16
17
18
19
20
1st J an
1st Feb
1st Mar
1st Apr
1st May
1st J un1st J ul
1st Aug
1st Sep
1st Oct
1st Nov
1st Dec
Stereographic Diagram Location: 41.9°, 2.8° Obj 467 Orientation: -140.0°, 0.0° Sun P osition: 170.2°, 34.4° HSA: -49.8° VSA: 46.7°
T ime: 12:30 Date: 15th Feb (46) Dotted lines: J uly-December.
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Highly efficient energy systems
Reduction of 72% of energy consumption for HVAC and DHW
Centralized production and storage of heat and cold.
• Solar thermal installation (SF DHW 50%)
• Geothermal heat pumps(70% of the peak power, meeting 90% of the demand)
• Auxiliary gas boilers
Energy consumption CO2-emissions Energy use Reference Project Red. Reference Project Red.
kWh/m² kWh/m² % KgCO2/m² KgCO2/m² %
Space conditioning and DHW 81.40 22.50 72% 16.28 4.50 72% Cooking 11.67 11.67 0 2.33 2.33 0 Electric appliances 12.71 12.71 0 2.54 2.54 0 Lighting 6.85 2.06 70% 1.37 0.41 70%
Total 112.63 48.94 57% 22.52 9.78 57%
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Reduction of CO2 emissions during the building’s lifecycle: 40 % !
Phase of life cycle Reference Project Reduction Reference Project Reduction
MWh MWh % t CO2 t CO2 %
Materials 16.333 12.589 23% 5.590 4.226 24%
Construction 167 289 -73% 71 118 -66%
Use 23.388 10.162 57% 5.593 2.430 57%
Deconstruction 251 194 23% 86 65 24%
Total 40.139 23.234 42% 11.340 6.839 40%
Energy consumption CO2 emissions
5.590
4.226
5.593
2.430
71
118
86
65
0 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000
Reference
Project
tCO2
MATERIALS
CONSTRUCTION
DECONSTRUCTION
PROJECT
REFERENCE
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
“El primer pas” – “The first step”
Pavilion on Sustainability – Construmat 2007
Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge
Generalitat de Catalunya
PAuS – Plataforma Arquitectura i Sostenibilitat
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
CO2 emissions:
58,90 kg CO2/ m2
Lack of insulationHeat bridgesLack of solar protection
Reduced efficiency of HVAC, DHW, and lighting systems
Reduction %:
0 %
5,1
22,6
2,32,50,0
22,5
1,4
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Act
ual
DE
E /
CT
E
kgC
O2/
m2
SC
Actual housing stock
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Actual housing stock
0.75 W/m2K \ transmittance316.28 Kg/m2 \ weight50.67 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions79.67 €/m2 \ cost
1.13 W/m2K \ transmittance280.86 Kg/m2 \ weight58.40 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions61.82 €/m2 \ cost
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Actual housing stock
0.78 W/m2K \ transmittance438.60 Kg/m2 \ weight97.80 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions97.33 €/m2 \ cost
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
CO2 emissions:
52,70 kg CO2/ m2
Increase of thermal insulation
Incorporation of thermal
inertia Improved solar control
Improvement of the energy
efficiency of the HVAC
installations
Solar thermal installation for
DHW
Energy efficiency lighting
Water saving measures
Reduction %:
11%
5,1 5,1
22,6 22,6
2,3
2,3
2,5
2,51,4
0,0
0,0
16,3
22,5
1,4
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Act
ual
DE
E /
CT
E
kgC
O2/
m2
SC
Housing according to recent legislation, CTE / DEE
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Housing according to recent legislation, CTE / DEE
0.51 W/m2K \ transmittance402.86 Kg/m2 \ weight62.17 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions104.72 €/m2 \ cost
0.55 W/m2K \ transmittance312.18 Kg/m2 \ weight94.17 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions73.26 €/m2 \ cost
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
CO2 emissions:
32,20 kg CO2/ m2
Reduction %:
45 %
30% energy demand reduction compared to actual building code CTE by bioclimatic design and reduction of thermal transmittance
Highly energy efficient HVAC systems with COP > 4 or equivalent emissions
Rainwater harvesting and/or reuse of greywater
5,1 5,1
22,6
16,0
2,3
2,3
2,5
2,50,4
0,0
0,0
4,5
22,5
1,4
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Actu
al
45%
Energy efficient housing
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Energy efficient housing
0.36 W/m2K \ transmittance247.40 Kg/m2 \ weight65.56 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions159.94 €/m2 \ cost
0.26 W/m2K \ transmittance683.16 Kg/m2 \ weight157.72 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions153.39 €/m2 \ cost
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
CO2 emissions:
15,30 kg CO2/ m2
Very energy efficient housing with low embodied energy
Reduction %:
74 %
5,11,5
22,6
4,1
2,3
2,3
2,5
2,50,4
0,0
0,0
3,8
22,5
1,4
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Actu
al
74%
Use of low environmental impact materials with preference to recycled or of organic origin: wood, etc.
Elimination of underground parking
Reduction of thermal transmittance: Façades, roofs U < 0,3 W/m2K, windows U < 1,7 W/m2K
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Very energy efficient housing with low embodied energy
0.37 W/m2K \ transmittance56.00 Kg/m2 \ weight10.09 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions160.72 €/m2 \ cost
0.30 W/m2K \ transmittance82.30 Kg/m2 \ weight-50.81 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions134.77 €/m2 \ cost
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
0.22 W/m2K \ transmittance159.87 Kg/m2 \ weight-39,76 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions188.89 €/m2 \ cost
Very energy efficient housing with low embodied energy
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
CO2 emissions:
5,90 kg CO2/ m2
Factor 10
Reduction %:
90 %
5,11,5
22,6
4,1
2,3
0,7
2,5
2,00,4
0,0
-4,7
1,6
22,5
1,4
-10,0
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Actu
al
90%
Increase of renewable energy sources: solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, biomass, biogas, etc.
Very highly efficient energy systems
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
0.25 W/m2K \ transmittance174.05 Kg/m2 \ weight30.32 kg CO2/m2 \ emissions121.07 €/m2 \ cost
Factor 10
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
CO2 emissions:
15,30 kg CO2/ m2
High energy efficient retrofitting
Reduction %:
74 %
Reduction of thermal transmittance, façades and roofs U < 0,3 W/m2K, windows U < 1,7 W/m2K Reduction of heat bridges
Improvement of solar protection
Incorporation of RES: photovoltaic, biomass, biogas, etc.
Highly energy efficient HVAC systems
5,1
22,6
2,0
2,3
2,3
2,5
2,50,4
0,0
0,0
4,5
22,5
1,4
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Actu
al
reha
bilita
ció
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
5,11,5 1,5
22,6 22,6
16,0
4,1 4,12,0
22,5
16,3
4,5
3,8 1,64,5
2,3
2,32,32,5
5,1 5,1
2,3
0,7
2,3
2,0
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
0,40,4
0,4
0,4
1,4
1,4
-4,7
-10,0
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
kg C
O2
/m2
Producció
Il·luminació
Electrodomèstics
Cuina
Climatització + ACS
E. Incorporada habitatge
E. Incorporada aparcament
400
500
600
700
800
Eu
ros
/ m
2
Cost
Act
ua
l ho
usi
ng
sto
ck
Ho
usin
ga
cco
rdin
gto
re-
cen
tle
gis
latio
nC
TE
i D
EE
En
erg
ye
ffici
en
tho
usin
g
Ve
rye
ne
rgy
effi
cie
nt
ho
usin
gw
ithlo
we
mb
odi
ed
ene
rgy
Ho
usin
gw
ithin
corp
ora
tion
of
en
erg
yp
rod
uct
ion
Re
hab
ilita
tion
with
en
erg
ye
ffici
en
cycr
iteri
a
kgC
O2
/ m2 ·
a
Production
Lighting
Electric appliances
Cooking
HVAC and DHW
Embodied energy housing
Embodied energy parking 5,1
1,5 1,5
22,6 22,6
16,0
4,1 4,12,0
22,5
16,3
4,5
3,8 1,64,5
2,3
2,32,32,5
5,1 5,1
2,3
0,7
2,3
2,0
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
0,40,4
0,4
0,4
1,4
1,4
-4,7
-10,0
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
kg C
O2
/m2
Producció
Il·luminació
Electrodomèstics
Cuina
Climatització + ACS
E. Incorporada habitatge
E. Incorporada aparcament
400
500
600
700
800
Eu
ros
/ m
2
Cost
Act
ua
l ho
usi
ng
sto
ck
Ho
usin
ga
cco
rdin
gto
re-
cen
tle
gis
latio
nC
TE
i D
EE
En
erg
ye
ffici
en
tho
usin
g
Ve
rye
ne
rgy
effi
cie
nt
ho
usin
gw
ithlo
we
mb
odi
ed
ene
rgy
Ho
usin
gw
ithin
corp
ora
tion
of
en
erg
yp
rod
uct
ion
Re
hab
ilita
tion
with
en
erg
ye
ffici
en
cycr
iteri
a
kgC
O2
/ m2 ·
a
Production
Lighting
Electric appliances
Cooking
HVAC and DHW
Embodied energy housing
Embodied energy parking
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Conclusions
A 50% reduction of CO2-emissions in social housing is absolutely feasible, using in Catalonia well established technology and with an additional cost of less than 5%
The life-cycle analysis is a necessary methodology to check the overall emissions of buildings as the embodied energy and CO2-emissions of materials are of significant importance
Any further effort for reduction of CO2-emissions in buildings must therefore consider lighter constructions and materials of less environmental impact.
90% reduction of CO2-emissions incorporating high efficiency equipment and use of renewable energies for thermal demand and electricity generation
To advance in this direction and increase sustainability in the housing sector it is necessary to widen existing building design concepts, technologies and administrative and legal approaches.
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ARCHITECTURE - TOWARDS A 90% CO2 REDUCTION IN MEDITERRANEAN BUILDINGS
Balmes 439, 1r 1a
E 08022 Barcelona
T +34 932 531 269
F +34 932 531 646
www.saas.cat
Federico Pesl and Neus Ayza
Christoph Peters
Ana Moreno
Miquel Angel Sala, BOMA
Oriol Vidal
Susana Kamiya
architects in charge
responsible research
budget control
structures
installations
landscape
SaAS
Joan Sabaté and Horacio Espeche
60 apartment social housing project
authors
SaAS, SO
Joan Sabaté, Albert Cuchí
Jordina Vidal, Sergi Cantos, Fabian López and M. Á. Pascual
Albert Sagrera and Ana Moreno
study on reduction of CO2 emissions
directors
energy demand and consumption
embodied energy
www.saas.cat