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Sustainable Urbanization in Practice
Frank V. Zerunyan, J.D. Professor of the Practice of Governance
United Nations Committee of Experts on
Public Administration New York 2014
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Urbanization Paper and Literature
Social and Environmental Sustainable Urbanization: Guidelines for Meaningful Progress
M. Caroline Stevens, Candidate for Master in Public Policy Frank V. Zerunyan, J.D., Professor of the Practice of Governance
University of Southern California Sol Price School of Public Policy
Presented to:
Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Public Administration Programme
Division for Public Administration and Development Management
13th Session on The Committee of Experts on Public Administration
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Urbanization
Need for Urbanization
United Nations (UN) Definition: Movement of people from rural to urban areas Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) experience: Movement of people from the suburbs back to urban areas
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Urbanization
Need for Urbanization
Urban Setting: 51% of the world’s population in 2014 Expected to be 70% by 2030
Implementing Urbanization as strategy: 1. Economic Development 2. Balancing between rural and urban (open space) 3. Quality of life 4. Jobs 5. Education 6. Environmental sustainability 7. Transportation efficiency 8. Social justice and participatory governance 9. Social interaction and community building 10.Residential stability (decent housing with amenities)
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Urbanization
Need for Urbanization
Change from unsustainable forms is a challenge Nevertheless URBANIZATION proceeds at alarming rates Most effective Sustainable Development Plans at CITY or LOCAL
(Literature and practice)
Not ONE SIZE FITS ALL Bottom up approach Civic engagement Ensuring buy in Socio-economic equity Local culture Local investment Local collaborations and Collaborative governance Possibility of incremental progress (small wins)
People Businesses &
Organizations
Places
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Urbanization
Need for Urbanization
Worldwide Examples: Melbourne City Plan 2010, The HK2030 Study, Iskandar Development Plan, Sustainable Barcelona, Plan Verde Mexico City, Taipei’s Urban Sustainability, Singapore Green Plan, City Development Plan of Chandigarh and City Development Plan of Pune
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RE-Urbanization
Need for Urbanization
Implementing RE-Urbanization as strategy: SCAG Region Effect of Sprawl Intended and Unintended Consequences Transportation Infrastructures (roads bridges etc.) Air Quality Water Waste Energy Economy (jobs to housing imbalance) Open Space and Habitat Security and Emergency Preparedness Land Use
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USA’s Largest Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) 38,000 Square Miles 15 Sub Regions Nation’s Global Gateway
for Goods
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1 Transportation
2 Goods Movement
3 Housing & Land Use
4 Air Quality
5 Economic Development
6 Sustainability
SCAG Approach: Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) Sustainable Community Strategy (SCS)
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In April 2012, SCAG unanimously adopted the its first RTP that includes a SCS that: Was developed through a bottoms-up local input
process with unprecedented public outreach and stakeholder involvement
Invests nearly $525 billion over the next 25 years to upgrade the region’s transportation system
Reduces per capita GHG emissions 9% by 2020 and 16% by 2035
How do we
accommodate growth while protecting our natural resources,
maintaining or improving mobility, our economic prosperity and
quality of life ?
?
Sustainability
Mobility Prosperity Distributes regional
employment & housing
growth following 4
guiding principles
Focuses growth along
existing & planned
transportation corridors
and in existing and
emerging centers; TOD
Practical Greening of our
Cities and Region
2% Strategy for SCAG
region
Livability
Re-urbanization
Provides better access to jobs and
improved jobs/housing balance
Jobs Housing
Conserves open space Renovates urban cores, creating wealth through
increased property values
Transit Oriented Development encourages:
Mixed-use
High Density
Creation of transit nodes as "points of interest”
Quality transit and pedestrian amenities
Collaboration between sectors
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a popular planning concept that focuses on transit nodes for living, working, and shopping for all types of people and a variety of transportation modes.
Economic Vitality Jobs Affordable Living Opportunity for alternative modes
Increase Ridership Increase Social Interactions
Low public infrastructure costs
Less dependence on Cars
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TOD: Major Transit Stations
“Central do Brazil” by Bustler
Stuttgart Station, Germany Helix Pedestrian Bridge, Seattle
• Opportunities
Increase connections for rail, metro, bus and other transit modes
Encourage economic development Collaboration between sectors
Moderate to High Density Residential
Commercial/ Residential/ Office
Retail Commercial
Encourage mixed compatible land uses in a unified building block.
Mixed Land Uses
Average Annual Rainfall (inches)
• Portland: 36.0
• Rio de Janeiro: 46.2
• Vancouver: 47.2-62.5
• New York City: 49.9
Buildings and Landscape
Water Efficiency
Sustainable Building Practices Bioswales • Prevents rain run-off • Reduces unsanitary pooled water and
concrete heat • Encourages oxygen producing
vegetation
Buildings and Landscape
Tying It All Together-Key Dimensions of Policy Land Use & Housing
Open Space & Habitat
Water
Air Quality
Solid Waste Energy
Transportation
Security & Emergency Preparedness
Economy
Thank you! Merci!
Frank V. Zerunyan, J.D. Professor of the Practice of Governance
Director, Executive Education University of Southern California Ralph and Goldy Lewis Hall 200 Los Angeles, California 90089
213-740-0036 [email protected]