Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity

Biodiversity in Indonesia

18,000+ islands6,000 inhabited

Land being cleared by illegal logging and conversion to palm oil plantations

Estimated %50 of forests cleared%70 mangrove forests

Home to 129 active volcanoes, most of any nation

Javan tiger probably extinct, Sumatra tiger fighting for survival

Fig. 10-1, p. 214

Almost extinct in 1974, listed as protected and endangered

41 animals reintroduced into their former habitat in Yellowstone National Park

2007- about 171 gray wolves in the park

Fig. 10-2a, p. 216

Old growth forest in Washington’s Olympic National Forest

Fig. 10-2b, p. 216

Old growth tropical rain forest in Queensland, Australia

Fig. 10-3a, p. 216

Fig. 10-3b, p. 216

Fig. 10-4, p. 217

Fig. 10-5, p. 218

New highway

Cleared plots for grazing

HighwayCleared plots for agriculture

Old growth

Fragmentation

Fig. 10-6a, p. 219

(a) Selective cutting

Clear stream

Fig. 10-6b, p. 219

(b) Clear-cutting

Muddy stream

Fig. 10-6c, p. 219

(c) Strip cutting UncutCut 1 year ago

Dirt road

Cut 3–10 years ago

Uncut

Clear stream

Fig. 10-6a, p. 219

Stepped Art

(b) Clear-cutting

Muddy stream

UncutCut 1 year ago

Dirt road

Cut 3–10 years ago

Uncut

Clear stream

(a) Selective cutting

(c) Strip cutting

Clear stream

Fig. 10-7, p. 219

Clear cutting in Washington

Fig. 10-8, p. 220

Fig. 10-11, p. 222

Tropical deforestation, Thailand

Fig. 10-13a, p. 224

Amazon forest, Brazil 1975

Fig. 10-13b, p. 224

2001

Fig. 10-14a, p. 224

Endangered white ukariLives in tropical forests of Brazil

Fig. 10-12, p. 223

Fig. 10-9a, p. 220

Fig. 10-10, p. 221

White pine blister rust Pine shoot beetle Beech bark disease

Sudden oak death

Hemlock woolly adelgid

Fig. 10-15, p. 225

Fig. 10-16, p. 226

Burning for agriculture and livestock use

Fig. 10-17, p. 227

Fig. 10-18, p. 229

Kenaf, used for making paper

Sustainable replacement for using old growth forests to make paper

Fig. 10-19, p. 231

Fig. 10-20, p. 232

Fig. 10-21a, p. 233

San Pedros river Arizona

Fig. 10-21b, p. 233

10 yrs later

Fig. 10-22, p. 234

Fig. 10-26, p. 241

Fig. 10-27, p. 241