SWAT 2015 · a platform to test their hypotheses and continue to push their research to solve global water resources problems. The organizers of the 2015 International SWAT Conference

October 14-16 | Purdue University | West Lafayette, IN, USA

INTERNATIONAL SOIL & WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL CONFERENCE

SWAT 2015

Book of Abstracts

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a public domain model jointly developed by USDA

Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, part of The Texas A&M

University System.

SWAT is a small watershed to river basin-scale model to simulate the quality and quantity of surface and

ground water and predict the environmental impact of land use, land management practices, and climate

change. SWAT is widely used in assessing soil erosion prevention and control, non-point source pollution

control and regional management in watersheds.

swat.tamu.edu | facebook.com/swatmodel | twitter.com/swat_model

http://swat.tamu.edu/

http://facebook.com/swatmodel

http://twitter.com/swat_model

ContentsForewordOrganizingCommitteeScientificCommitteeWednesday 11:00–12:30p.m. A1 SWAT+:IntroductiontothenewSWATcode(part1)A2 ClimateChangeApplicationsA3 Hydrology1:30–3:00p.m. B1 SWAT+:IntroductiontothenewSWATcode(part2)B2 BiofuelandPlantGrowthB3 LargeScaleApplications3:30–5:00p.m. C1 HydrologyC2 DatabaseandGISApplicationandDevelopmentC3 ModelDevelopmentThursday 8:00–9:10a.m. D1 WesternLakeErieBasin(part1)D2 BMPsD3 EnvironmentalApplications9:20–10:30a.m. E1 WesternLakeErieBasin(part2)E2 ClimateChangeApplicationsE3 SensitivityCalibrationandUncertainty11:00–12:30p.m. F1 BioenergyCroppingSystemApplicationsfortheU.S.CornBeltRegionF2 HydrologyF3 ModelDevelopment1:30–3:00p.m. G1 PosterFriday 8:00–9:10a.m. H1 ClimateChangeApplicationsH2 Sediment,Nutrients,andCarbonH3 BMPs9:20–10:30a.m. I1 EPIC/APEXModelingSystemI2 LandscapeProcessesandLandscape/RiverContinuumI3 LargeScaleApplications11:00–12:30p.m. J1 HydrologyJ2 LargeScaleApplicationsJ3 DatabaseandGISApplicationandDevelopment1:30–3:00p.m. K1 ClimateChangeApplicationsK2 ModelDevelopmentK3 SensitivityCalibrationandUncertainty

2015 SWAT Conference 1 Purdue University, USA

ForewordThisyeartheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelreaches25yearsofcontinueddevelopment.Overtheyears,SWAThasreachedavastnumberofwaterprofessionalsandgraduatestudentsaroundtheworldtoprovideaplatformtotesttheirhypothesesandcontinuetopushtheirresearchtosolveglobalwaterresourcesproblems.Theorganizersofthe2015InternationalSWATConferenceatPurdueUniversitywanttoexpresstheirthankstoPurdueUniversityalongwithBernieEngel,IndrajeetChaubey,JaneFrankenberger,andVenkateshMerwadefortheircountlesshoursandeffortstohosttheSWATCommunity.Inaddition,wewouldliketothankourconferencecoordinator,ShannonBornemanwithPurdueConferences,forherworksettingupregistration,food,andlogisticsfortheconference.OnbehalfoftheSWATCommunity,weextendoursinceregratitudetoyouandyouruniversityforthekindinvitationandwelcominghospitality.Wewouldalsoliketothankthescientificcommitteefortheirsupportinpreparingtheconferenceagendaandallowingforscientistsandresearchersaroundtheglobetoparticipateandexchangetheirscientificknowledgeatthisconference.ThisconferencemarksoursilverjubileecelebrationoftheSWATmodel’sfirst25years.SWATdeveloperswouldliketothankallthosewhohavecontributedtoSWATdevelopmentovertheyears,allowingSWATtobecomeasuccessfulmodelwithwellover2300peer-reviewedpublications.Thedevelopershopetocontinueourworktogetherforanother25yearsofcontinuedsuccess.Wearehappytobecelebrating25yearsattheplacewhereitallstarted—PurdueUniversity.GoBoilers!


Organizing CommitteeIndrajeetChaubey,PurdueUniversity,USABernieEngel,PurdueUniversity,USAJaneFrankenberger,PurdueUniversity,USAVenkateshMerwade,PurdueUniversity,USACibinRaj,PurdueUniversity,USAHendrikRathjens,PurdueUniversity,USANinaOmani,PurdueUniversity,USAQinyuFeng,PurdueUniversity,USAAdnanRajib,PurdueUniversity,USAAliceDu,PurdueUniversity,USACarlingtonWallace,PurdueUniversity,USAJengqiuChen,PurdueUniversity,USATianGuo,PurdueUniversity,USAColleenMoloney,PurdueUniversity,USAJeffArnold,USDA-ARS,USARaghavanSrinivasan,TexasA&MUniversity,USAJaclynTech,TexasA&MUniversity,USA


Scientific CommitteeJimAscough,USDA-ARSClaireBaffaut,USDA-ARSLauraBowling,PurdueUniversityIndrajeetChaubey,PurdueUniversityBernieEngel,PurdueUniversityDennisFlanagan,PurdueUniversityNicolaFohrer,Christian-Albrechts-UniversityJaneFrankenberger,PurdueUniversityPhilipGassman,IowaStateUniversityMargaretGitau,PurdueUniversityChi-huaHuang,USDA-ARSJaehakJeong,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearchMari-VaughnJohnson,USDA-NRCSMargaretKalcic,UniversityofMichiganValentinaKrysanova,PIKVenkateshMerwade,PurdueUniversityRebeccaLogsdonMuenich,GrahamSustainabilityInstituteBalajiNarasimhan,IndianInstituteofTechnology-MadrasLeeNorfleet,USDA-NRCSNinaOmani,PurdueUniversitySoniPradhanang,UniversityofRhodeIslandCibinRaj,PurdueUniversityHendrikRathjens,PurdueUniversityJoséMiguelSánchez-Pérez,CNRS-ECOLABRobinTaylor,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearchAnnvanGriensven,UNESCO-IHEMartinVolk,HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZMikeWhite,USDA-ARSXuesongZhang,PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratory


Session A1: SWAT+: Introduction to the new SWAT code

SWAT+: Introduction to the new SWAT code, input/output file structure,test datasets and developers’ interfaceKatrinBieger ,HendrikRathjens ,IndrajeetChaubey ,DavidD.Bosch ,PeterM.Allen ,MartinVolk ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,JeffreyG.Arnold1. TexasA&MAgriLifeBlacklandResearch&ExtensionCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PurdueUniversity.3. PurdueUniversity.4. USDA-ARS.5. BaylorUniversity.6. HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZ.7. TexasA&MUniversity.8. USDA-ARS.

AbstractSincethereleaseofthefirstversionoftheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)twodecadesago,severalnewvariablesandsubroutineshavebeenintegratedinthemodel,makingitmoredifficulttomanipulateandmaintain.Therefore,theSWATcodeandtheinputandoutputfilestructurearecurrentlybeingcompletelyrevised.SWAT+,thenewversionofSWAT,simplifiesthemaintenanceofthecode,theintegrationofnewvariablesandthesharingofdata.Inaddition,itgivestheusermoreflexibilityindefiningthespatialinteractionswithinawatershed,sincehydrologicresponseunits,subbasins,aquifers,reservoirsandreachesaretreatedasseparatespatialobjects.Thereby,italsofacilitatestheimplementationoflandscapeunitstoimprovethespatialrepresentationofhydrologicalprocessesinthewatershed.Currently,threewatershedsintheUnitedStatesareusedtotestanddebugSWAT+:theLittleRiverExperimentalWatershedinGeorgia,theMiddleBosqueRiverWatershedinTexasandtheSouthForkWildcatCreekWatershedinIndiana.ThissessionisintendedtogiveinterestedSWATusersanoverviewofthenewmodularSWATcodeandinputfilestructure,theincreasedflexibilityintermsofspatialinteractionswithinthewatershed,thedatasetsusedtotestanddebugthenewcodesandinputfiles,theintegrationoflandscapeunitsinthemodelandthedevelopers’interfacethatiscurrentlyusedtosetupandeditSWAT+models.Thelastpartofthesessionwillbereservedforuserquestionsandsuggestions.

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Session A2: Climate Change Applications

Assessing projected climate impacts on streamflow in small coastal basinsof the Western United StatesWilliamBurke ,DarrenFicklin1. IndianaUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. IndianaUniversity.

AbstractTheimpactsofclimatechangeonwatershedhydrology,particularlystreamflowquantityandtiming,arebecomingincreasinglyimportanttocurrentandfuturemanagementofourwaterresources.WesternU.S.coastalwatershedshavedisplayedadifferentresponsetoclimatechangeoverthepast50yearsascomparedtomountainouswatersheds.Coastalwatershedshavehadlaterstreamflowtimingasopposedtotheearlierstreamflowtimingobservedinmountainouswatersheds.Despitethedissimilarityofcoastalandmountainouswatersheds,thereisalackofhydrologicmodelinginthesecoastalwatersheds.ThroughtheuseoftheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)coupledwithdownscaledGeneralCirculationModel(GCM)data,itispossibletoassessandprojectfuturehydrologyatthewatershedandsubwatershedscalesthroughthe21 century.ThisworkfocusesonfivesitesalongtheWestCoastoftheU.S.,eachwithitsowncalibratedSWATmodel.ThispresentationwilllookatthefindingsofthisassessmentateachsitealongtheWestCoastoftheU.S.,utilizing21and19GCMseachfromRepresentativeConcentrationPathways(RCPs)8.5(highemissions)and4.5(lowemissions)respectively.Therewillbeafocusonchangesininterannualstreamflowquantity,timing,distribution,andvariability,comparinghistoricstreamflowtrendstothoseofthemid-andlate-21 century.Additionally,therelativeinfluenceoftemperatureandprecipitationonstreamflowateachsitewillbeanalyzedanddiscussed.Lastly,long-termtrendsacrosstheWestCoast,andateachsitespecificallywillbeassessed.Keywordshydrology,modeling,climatechange,coastal,SWAT

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Climate change impact assessment on long term water budget for Maitlandcatchment in southern OntarioVinodChilkoti ,AakashBagchi ,TirupatiBolisetti ,RamBalachandar1. PhdStudent.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. GraduateStudent.3. AssociateProfessor.4. Professor.

AbstractChangingclimatehasbecomeamatterofgraveconcernforthepastfewdecadesandscientificcommunityismakingalleffortstomakeareasonableassessmentonitsimpactonlongtermwaterbudgetatvariouspartsoftheglobe.InthepresentstudySWATmodelisemployedinordertoassessthebasinyieldofasouthernOntariocatchment.Climateprojectionsarethenforcedintothemodelinordertoaccessthevariationinthebasinyieldintermsofsurfaceandgroundwater.MaitlandRiver,awestflowingperennialstream,drainingthroughsouthwesternOntarioanddischargingintoLakeHuronishavingtotalcatchmentareaof2455km .Thebasinispredominantlyanagriculturallandwithmorethan82%oftheareaoccupiedundercultivation.TheSWATmodeldatasetwasdevelopedbasedonthesoildetailsobtainedthroughSoilLandscapesofCanada(SLC),landusedatafromSouthernOntarioLanduseInformationSystem(SOLRIS),weatherdatafromtheEnvironmentCanadaclimatestationslocatedwithinandinvicinityofthecatchment.Themodeliscalibratedandvalidatedusingthe12yearsofrecordedflowsatthreestreamgauginglocationswithinthecatchment.CalibrationandvalidationwascarriedoutbasedonNash-Sutcliffeefficiencyandrparameter.Boththeteststatisticswerefoundcloseto0.8forannualandmonthlywaterbudgets.ThehydrologicalresponseoftheMaitlandcatchmentunderthefutureprojectedclimatescenariofollowingtheRepresentativeConcentratedPathways(RCP)4.5isalsostudied.TheoutputsofCanRCM4modelunderCMIP5experimentwereforcedintothehydrologicalmodel.Theresultsofimpactofthefutureclimateonwateryieldarefurtherdiscussedinthepresentation.KeywordsMaitlandRiver,climatechange,CanRCM4

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Climate and Land Use/Cover Change Impacts on the Ecologically RelevantFlow Metrics in the Cahaba RiverFurkanDosdogru ,LatifKalin1. GraduateStudent,SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences,AuburnUniversity,Auburn,AL,36849,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences,AuburnUniversity,Auburn,AL,36849,USA.

AbstractTheCahabaRiverisidentifiedasthelongestfreeflowingriverintheStateofAlabama,andTheNatureConservancynoteditasoneoftheonlyeight“HotspotofBiodiversity”outof2,111watershedsinthecontiguousUnitedStates.Thisstudyexploredtheimpactsoflanduse/cover(LULC)andclimatechangesonhydrologicalresponsesinrapidlyurbanizingupperCahabaRiverbasininnorth-centralAlabama,inparticulartheeffectonlow-flowregimes.Past,presentandfuturepotentialstreamflowresponsestoclimatechangeareanalyzedbasedonecologicallyrelevantflowmetrics.Weused32keyflowmetricsthatcaptureslow,high,medianflowaswellasflashiness,whichareknowntohavesignificantimpactsonthefloraandfauna.Theseflowmetrics,thustheecology,willcertainlybeaffectedbyLULCandclimatechange.Dailystreamflowwasproducedfrom1948to2015usinghistoricalclimateandLULCdatawithSWAT.FuturedailystreamflowwasgeneratedusingCMIP5climatedatauptoyear2098withelevenclimatemodelsunderfourdifferentemissionsscenarios.The150yearperiodfrom1948to2098waspartitionedintofiveintervals,each30yearsinlength.ThedailystreamflowfromeachperiodwasfedintotheIndicatorsofHydrologicalAlterations(IHA)softwaretocalculatethe32flowmetricsineachperiod.Differencesintheflowmetricswereassessed,whichmayhintforincrease/decreaseinnativespecies’densitythatmayhaveoccurredinthepastormightoccurinthefuture.KeywordsClimatechange,Landuse/coverchange,Urbanization,SWAT,CMIP5,Flowregimealterations.

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Development of a SWAT-based methodology to evaluate, at municipalscale, the vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate changeJesusUresti-Gil ,HectorDanielInurreta-Aguirre ,DianaUresti-Duran1. Doctorinscience.INIFAP.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. MasterinScience.3. AgriculturalEngineer.

AbstractInMéxico,climatechangewillnegativelyaffecttheproductivityoftheagriculturalsector,puttingfoodsecurityatrisk.Thevulnerabilityoftheagriculturalsectorisausefultoolfordesigningplansforadaptationtoclimatechange;andaccordingtotheIPCC,itisafunctionoftheadaptivecapacityandthemagnitudeoftheimpact.Theaimwastodevelopamethodologytoassessandmap,atthemunicipalscale,thevulnerabilityoftheagriculturalsectortoclimatechange.Themethodologywasdevelopedwithdatafrom624municipalitiesgroupedineightbasinslocatedinthetropicalsoutheasternMexico.Foreachmunicipalityandbasin,theywerecarriedoutthefollowingactivities:1)Detailedcharacterizationoftheagriculturalsectorincluding12crops.2)Developmentofasyntheticindextoevaluatetheadaptivecapacity(ICA);whichwasmadeupoffivesub-indices:availabilityandqualityofnaturalresources(NR)levelofhuman(HD),economic(ED),technology(TD)andinfrastructure(ID)development.3)Developmentofanindextoassessthemagnitudeoftheimpactoncropproductivity(IIP);whichwasevaluatedfor12cropsusingtheSWATmodel,undertheIPCCgreenhousegasesemissionscenarioA1B,duringtheyears2012(baseline),2030,2060and2090.4)Developmentofamunicipalvulnerabilityindextoclimatechange(IVM);whichiscalculatedthroughadoubleentrymatrix,consideringthreecategoriesofICAandIIP.TheIVMforeachmunicipalitywasclassifiedas:extremelyvulnerable,veryvulnerable,vulnerable,lowvulnerableandnotvulnerable.Resultsindicatethatfromthe624municipalities;255,350and19havelow,mediumandhighICA,respectively.Regardingthemagnitudeoftheimpactonproductivity;284,51and289municipalitiesshowedahigh,mediumandlowIIP,respectively.AsfortheIVM;26municipalitiesareextremelyvulnerable,264areveryvulnerable,248arevulnerable,85arefewvulnerableandonly1isnotvulnerable.Itisconcludedthatthemethodologydevelopedanditsassociateddatabases,maybethebasistosupportdecision-makinganddesignatthemunicipalscaleandbasin,plansfortheadaptationoftheagriculturalsectortoclimatechange.KeywordsVulnerability,cropgrowsimulation,adaptivecapacity,climatechange

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Session A3: Hydrology

Analysis of Watershed Soundness by Water Balance and Water QualityVariation Using SWAT Model for Han River Basin, South KoreaSoRaAhn ,JiWanLee ,ChungGilJung ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractWaterbalanceandwaterqualityforwatershedsoundnessassessmentwasinvestigatedforHanRiverbasin(34,148km²)ofSouthKoreausingawatershed-scalehydrologicmodel,SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool).Topredictthereliableavailablewaterquantityofthebasin,themodelwasestablishedbydividingthebasininto237subbasinsasstandardwatershedsandthewaterresourcefacilitiesof4multipurposewatersupplydamsand3multi-functionweirswereconsidered.TheSWATwasspatiallycalibrated(2005-2009)andvalidated(2010-2014)usingdailyobserveddamandweirinflows,evapotranspiration,soilmoistureandwaterqualitydata.TheSWATsimulatedthepresentwaterbalanceconsideringthesurface–groundwaterinteractionsandwaterqualityvariationandquantifiedthebasinscalerelationshipofhydrologiccycleandwaterquality.Simulationresultsindicatedthespatialandtemporalvariabilityofwaterbalanceconditionsbyevaluatingthehydrologiccomponentsofinfiltration,evapotranspiration,streamflow,percolation,soilmoisture,baseflow,andgroundwaterrechargeandInfluencesofwaterqualitychangeonwaterbalanceconditions.Finally,weassessedthewatershedsoundnessandvulnerabilityofwaterresourcesandwaterqualityforexecutablewatershedmanagement.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyagrant(14AWMP-B079364-01)fromWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Damoperation,Waterbalance,Waterquality,Watershedsoundness

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Streamflow Generation Responses to Extreme Hydrometeorological andClimate Events in an Intensively Agricultural WatershedJuanCarlosJaimes-Correa ,ShannonBartelt-Hunt ,FranciscoMuñoz-Arriola1. PhD.Student,CivilEngineering,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,CivilEngineering,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.3. AssociateProfessor,BiologicalSystemsEngineering,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln.

AbstractHydrologicalmodelsabletoreproducehydrologicregimesinresponsetoextremehydrometeorologicalandclimateevents(EHCE)arerelevantforwatershedmanagement.OurgoalistocharacterizethesensitivityofstreamflowgenerationtoEHCEinaheavilyagriculturalwatershed.TheShellCreek(SC)watershed(1,244km )islocatedineast-centralNebraskawithalargeportionofthelandincultivatedcrops(78.2%),andasignificantnumberofcattleandswineanimalfeedingoperations.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistosimulatestreamflowsinSWATandevaluatechangesinresponsetoEHCEinSC.Wehypothesizedthatshort-intenseprecipitationeventsgeneratesgreaterdischargesthanlong-moderaterainfallafterdryperiods.Intensiveland-usesmodifynaturalcoverandfirstsoillayers,whichreducewaterinfiltrationrateswhilelettoaquickrainfall-runoffresponse.TotestthathypothesisweuseSWATandresultswereprocessedstatistically.Weforcedthemodelwithweathervariables(i.e.precipitationandminimumandmaximumtemperatures,)foratimespanof60years.CalibrationofthemodelwasperformedinSWAT-CUP.Twoparameterswerecalibrated.TheinitialSCSrunoffcurvenumberformoistureconditionII(CN2),andtheManning’snformainchannel(Ch_N2).TheGeneralizedLikelihoodUncertaintyEstimation(GLUE)procedurewasusedtoevaluatethemodelperformance,andthelikelihoodwasmeasuredbytheNash-SutcliffeEfficiency(NSE).ThemodelwassuccessfullycalibratedwithaNSEof0.55.TheCN2andCh_N2valuesthatbetterfitthemodelwere83.1and0.036,respectively.PercentilesofstreamflowwereobtainedthroughtheuseofGamadistributionfunctiononthesimulatedstreamflows.PercentilesofstreamflowwereusedasindicesofEHCEtocharacterizeandidentifydroughts(below30 percentiles)andfloods(percentilesabove70percentileandsoilmoisturesabovesimilarpercentiles).Streamflowsgeneratedinresponsetosucheventswerecontrastedwithaveragedstreamflowsfromhistoricalsimulationsproducedduringthesametimespan.Futuredirectionswillconsidervalidationofthecalibratedmodel,andultimatelymodelingwaterquality,especiallyemergentcontaminantsinSC.KeywordsSWAT;extremeprecipitationevents;runoffgeneration;agriculturalland-use;ShellCreek

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Daily streamflow prediction in ungauged watersheds with a hybrid model:SWAT-ANNNavidehNoori ,LatifKalin1. post-doc,UniversityofGeorgia.2. Professor,AuburnUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractAhybridANN-SWATmodelwasdevelopedtopredictdailystreamflowinungaggedwatersheds.InthisapproachstreamflowisfirstsimulatedusingtheSWATmodelwiththedefaultmodelparameters,i.e.nomodelcalibrationisinvolved.TheSWATsimulatedbaseflowanddirectrunoffarethenusedasinputstoANN.Dailystreamflowdatafrom29USGSstationsinandaroundthemetropolitanAtlantaareawereusedtotestthisapproachandthepredictivemodelswerebuiltwithleave-one-site-outjackknifingtechnique(i.e.ateachstep28siteisusedfortrainingandoneisusedfortesting).ComparisonofresultsfromthishybridapproachtoSWATshowedbetterperformanceingeneral.Itwasconcludedthatcouplingofmachinelearning-basedtechniqueswithwatershedmodelscanimprovethedailyflowpredictionandthemodelingefficacy.ThisapproachhastheaddedbenefitofeliminatingtheneedforsensitivityanalysisandcalibrationoftheSWATmodel.However,thisapproachisonlyapplicablewhenthereissufficientnumberofstreamflowdatafromnearbywatersheds.KeywordsANN,ungaugedwatershed,dailyflow

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Spatial and temporal evaluation of hydrological response to climate andland use change in South Dakota watershedsManashiPaul ,MohammadAdnanRajib,LaurentAhiablame1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThisstudyexploredhydro-climatologicalchangesbetweentworecentdecades(1980sand2000s)withtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)inthreerepresentativewatershedsinSouthDakota.TheBadRiverWatershed(BRW)inthewest,andSkunkCreekWatershed(SCW)andUpperBigSiouxRiverWatershed(UBSRW)intheeast.TwoSWATmodelswerecreatedfrom1981to1990andfrom2005to2014foreachwatershedwithlandcovermapsof1992and2011fromtheNationalLandCoverDatabase(NLCD),correspondingrespectivelyto1980sand2000s,torepresentlandusechangeandcharacterizehydrologicalchangesbetweenthetwotimeperiods.Themodelswerecalibratedfordailystreamflowforatleastfiveyears(R andNSE>0.39;PBIAS=[±24])andvalidatedforatleastfouryears(R andNSE>0.37;PBIAS=[±47]).Simulationresultsshowedthatsurfacerunoff,soilwatercontent,wateryieldandpercolationincreasedbymorethan7mm,18mm,7mmand3mm,respectively,inallthreewatersheds.Evapotranspiration(ET)increasedbymorethan10mminBRWandUBSRW;butdecreasedby49mminSCW.Between1980sand2000s,seasonalvariationinhydrologymostlyincreasedduringthewetseason(i.eMaytoOctober)inallthreewatersheds.Spatialanalysisrevealedthatthehydrologicalcomponentsincreasedwithadecreaseingrasslandinthewatersheds,exceptinSCWwhereETdecreasedbetweenthetwotimeperiods.Overall,hydrologicalchangesoccurredbetween1990sand2000sinthestudywatersheds.KeywordsHydrology,SWAT,SouthDakota

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Session B2: Biofuel and Plant Growth

Assessing the influence of climate variability on land use change fromcotton to perennial bioenergy grasses: implications on watershed hydrology

and water qualityYongChen ,SrinivasuluAle ,NithyaRajan1. GraduateResearchAssistant,Dept.ofSoilandCropSciences,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX.2. AssistantProfessor,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearch,Vernon,TX76384.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofSoilandCropSciences,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX.AbstractThesemi-aridTexasHighPlains(THP)region,whichisdominatedbycottoncultivation,hasthepotentialtogrowperennialbioenergygrassesofAlamoswitchgrass(PanicumvirgatumL.)andMiscanthus×giganteus.Thisregionischaracterizedbyhightemperaturesandlowprecipitationandithasexperiencedrecurringdroughtsintherecenttimes.Assessingtheimpactsofhypotheticallandusechangefromcottontoperennialgrassesonhydrologyandwaterquality,andstudyingtheinfluenceofclimatevariabilityonproposedlandusechangeiscriticalformakingbetterdecisionsonlanduseandadoptionofthebestmanagementpracticesinthisintensiveagriculturalregion.Inthisstudy,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulatethelong-term(1994-2009)effectsofproposedlandusechangeonbiofuelproductionpotential,watershedhydrologyandwaterqualityintheDoubleMountainForkBrazoswatershedoftheTHP.Inaddition,aclimatevariability/sensitivityanalysiswasconductedtostudytheeffectsofincreaseinatmosphericCO concentration,changesinprecipitation(within±40%)andincreaseintemperature(upto+6ᵒC),byvaryingtheseparametersoneatatime..Theaverageannualsurfacerunoffandtotalnitrogenloaddecreasedbyabout8%and14%,respectivelyundertheperennialgrassscenarioswhencomparedtothebaselinecottonscenario.Theclimatesensitivityanalysisforthehistoricperiod(1994-2009)indicatedthatthewaterbalances,totalnitrogenload,andcropyieldwereverysensitivitytothechangesinclimaticparameters.Forexample,theaverageannualirrigationwateruseandevapotranspiration(ET)decreasedby29%and5%,respectively,incaseofcottonwhentheatmosphericCO concentrationwasincreasedfrom330ppm(baseline)to660ppm.However,theincreaseofambientCO concentrationledtoanincreaseinaverageannualsurfacerunoff,totalnitrogenload,anddrylandcottonlintyieldbyabout54%,28%and40%,respectivelywhencomparedtocurrentCO levels.Similarresultswerefoundincaseofperennialgrasses.

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Water Quality and Cost Considerations in the Supply of Feedstocks forCellulosic BiofuelsJingyuSong ,BenjaminGramig ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey1. Researchassistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Associateprofessor,PurdueUniversity.3. PostDocresearchassociate,PurdueUniversity.4. Professor,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractAsconcernsaboutenvironmentaldegradationhaveincreased,identifyingcleanerandmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyenergysourceshasbecomeanimportantfocusfortheacademiccommunityaswellaspolicymakers.Producingbiofuelsfromenergycropsisonealternativetofossilfuelswithlowergreenhousegasemissions.Cellulosicfeedstockssuchascornstover(cropresidue),perennialgrassesandfastgrowingtreesarepromisingenergycropsthatmayhelpwiththeenergysupply.Inthisstudy,wetakeaspatiallyexplicitapproachandexaminetheconditionsunderwhichtheagriculturallandwithinawatershedcanmeetthedemandofabiorefinery.BasedonSWATmodelsimulations,weestimatefarmproductionandtransportcostsoftwodedicatedenergycrops,switchgrassandmiscanthus,incomparisontocornstover.WethendevelopaMatlabprogrambasedonageneticalgorithmtominimizeproductioncostsubjecttobiomassproductionandpollutionconstraintsintheWildcatCreekWatershedinIndiana,USA.Ourresultsindicatethattheperennialgrassesswitchgrassandmiscanthushavemuchhigherbiomassyieldthanstoverharvestedfromanannualcorncrop.However,costsassociatedwiththeirproduction,loading-unloadingoperationsandhaulingaremuchhigherthanthoseofcornstover.Thoughcornstoveristhelowestcostfeedstockconsidered,itresultsinrelativelyhighersediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadingthantheperennialgrassesconsidered.Thereiscleartradeoffamongcost,feedstockproduction,andthelevelandformofenvironmentalimprovementpursuedbysociety.Keywordscellulosicbiofuels;SWAT;optimization;geneticalgorithm;waterpollution

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Forecasting changes in water quality in the Tennessee River Basin withgrowing biofuelsGangshengWang ,HenrietteJager,LathaBaskaran,TylerBaker,CraigBrandt1. ResearchScientist,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThisstudyaimstoevaluatehowgrowingcellulosicbioenergyfeedstocksintheTennesseeRiverBasin(TRB)willinfluencewaterquantityandquality.WesetuptheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelforTRBandconfigurethemainreservoirsintheSWATmodelasthisriverbasinishighlyalteredbyreservoirs.Weusedmulti-objectiveoptimizationtocalibratethewaterbalancecomponentofSWATagainsttheUSGSHUC8monthlyrunoffdatasetfrom1986to1995.Another18-yearHUC8runoffdata(1996–2013)wereusedformodelvalidation.Inaddition,weemployedthesamemethodtocalibratethewaterqualityagainsttheUSGSmonthlyestimatedfluxes(sediment,totalphosphorus,totalnitrogen,andnitrate+nitrite)from1997to2006andvalidatethemodelbytherestdata(2007–2013).Ingeneral,calibrationgreatlyimprovedthematchbetweenmonthly/seasonalpatternsinSWAT-simulatedandobservedhistoricalwaterquantityandqualitydata.Basedonthecalibratedmodel,wecomparedsimulatedwaterqualitybetweentwoscenarios,i.e.post-bioenergyfuturevs.pre-bioenergybaseline.TheaforementionedcalibratedmodelisthebaselinemodelwiththeUSDA2009CroplandDatalayer(CDL)data.Thepost-bioenergyfuturescenariowillincreasetheswitchgrasslandfrom0.1%(baseline)to4%.MedianprojectednutrientandsedimentloadingsshoweddecreasesinTRB.Mediansedimentloadingsdecreasedby4.4%.Mediannitrateandphosphorusloadingsdecreasedby32.1%and7.5%,respectively.PreliminaryresultssuggestthatTRBholdspromiseforproducingcellulosicfeedstocksthatenhancewaterquality.Keywordsnutrients,runoff,sediment,switchgrass;TennesseeRiverBasin

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Development of a SWAT-based information system to identify areas forsustainable intensive agricultural production in the peninsula of Yucatan,

Mexico.AlejandroCano-González ,JesusUresti-Gil ,HéctorDanielInurreta-Aguirre ,DianaUresti-Durán ,NeldaUzcanga-Pérez1. Doctorinscience.INIFAP.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Doctorinscience.3. Masterofscience.4. Agriculturalengineer.5. Masterofscience.AbstractThesteadyincreaseinpopulationleadstotheneedtoproduce,alsosteadily,morefood.Traditionally,thisincreaseinproductionhasbeenachievedbyopeningnewlandsforcultivation,withconsequentdeforestationandemissionofgreenhousegases,aggravatingglobalwarming.Asanalternativetoproducemorefoodwithoutdeforestation,theuseofintensivesystemsofsustainablefarminginareaswithcurrentagriculturaluseisproposed.Non-governmentalorganizationslocatedinthePeninsulaofYucatan,Mexico;TheyrequestedtotheNationalInstituteofForestry,AgricultureandLivestock(INIFAP),thedevelopmentofaninformationsystemtosupportdecision-makingandplanningforsustainableintensiveagriculturalproductionsystems.Theaimofthispaperistopresentthedevelopedsystem.Thesystemwasdevelopedwithinformation,atmunicipalscale,ofthestatesofYucatan,CampecheandQuintanaRoointhePeninsulaofYucatan,Mexicoandincludeseightwatersheds.Thedevelopedsystemincludesmapsandassociateddatabases.Theflowchartofthesystemprovidesinformation(mapsanddatabases)atthemunicipal,stateandbasinscaleon/for:1)Characteristicsoftheagriculturalsector,naturalresources(water,soil,climate)andsocioeconomicconditions.2)Technologiesandtheirproductioncostsusedbyfarmers.3)Portfoliooftechnologiesandtheircostsforintensiveproduction.4)Mapsanddatabasesofcropyields,assessedwiththeuseofSWAT,undertheactualtechnologyusedbyfarmersandtechnologyforintensiveproduction(identificationofcropyieldsgap).5)Protectedareasanditsterritorialecologicalzoning.6)Identificationofphysical,naturalandsocioeconomicfactorslimiting/drivingproduction.7)Areasfortheestablishmentofdevelopmentpoleswithintensiveagriculture,highlyproductive,profitableandsustainable,and8)Fourfinancialindicatorsbyareaandcrop.Thedevelopedsystemsupportsthereasoneddecision-makingprocesstoselectareasandcropsforsustainableintensiveproductionofhighproductivityandprofitability,whichcanhelpsignificantlytoreducetherateofdeforestationinthepeninsulaofYucatan,Mexico.KeywordsIntensiveagriculture,Deforestation,Cropgrowmodelling,Informationsystem

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Session B3: Large Scale Applications

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Ecohydrological Model Circa2015: Global Application Trends, Insights and IssuesPhilipGassman ,JeffArnold ,RaghavanSrinivasan1. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Grassland,SoilandWaterResearchLaboratory,USDA-ARS,Temple,TX.3. SpatialSciencesLaboratory,DepartmentofEcosystemScienceandManagement,TexasA&MUniversity.

AbstractTheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)isoneofthemostwidelyusedwatershed-scalewaterqualitymodelsintheworld.Over2,000peer-reviewedSWAT-relatedjournalarticleshavebeenpublishedandhundredsofotherstudieshavebeenpublishedinconferenceproceedingsandotherformats.TheuseofSWATwasinitiallyconcentratedinNorthAmericaandEuropebuthasalsoexpandeddramaticallyinothercountriesandregionsduringthepastdecadeincludingBrazil,China,India,Iran,SouthKorea,SoutheastAsiaandeasternAfrica.TheSWATmodelhasproventobeaveryflexibletoolforinvestigatingabroadrangeofhydrologicandwaterqualityproblemsatdifferentwatershedscalesandenvironmentalconditions,andhasprovenveryadaptableforapplicationsrequiringimprovedhydrologicandotherenhancedsimulationneeds.Weinvestigateherethevarioustechnological,networking,andotherfactorsthathavesupportedtheexpandeduseofSWAT,andalsohighlightcurrentworldwidesimulationtrendsandpossibleimpedimentstofutureincreasedusageofthemodel.Examplesoftechnologicaladvancesincludeeasyaccesstoweb-baseddocumentation,user-supportgroups,andSWATliterature,avarietyofGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)interfacetools,pre-andpost-processingcalibrationsoftwareandothersoftware,andanopensourcecodewhichhasservedasamodeldevelopmentcatalystformultipleusergroups.ExtensivenetworkingregardingtheuseofSWAThasfurtheroccurredviainternet-basedusersupportgroups,modeltrainingworkshops,regionalworkinggroups,regionalandinternationalconferences,andtargeteddevelopmentworkshops.Wefurtherhighlightseveralimportantmodeldevelopmenttrendsthathaveemergedduringthepastdecadeincludingimprovedhydrologic,croppingsystem,bestmanagementpractice(BMP)andpollutanttransportsimulationmethods.Inaddition,severalcurrentSWATweaknesseswillbeaddressedandkeydevelopmentneedswillbedescribedincludingtheabilitytorepresentlandscapesandpracticeswithmorespatialdefinition,theincorporationofamodulespecificallydesignedtosimulatericepaddysystemsandalgorithmsthatcancaptureplantcompetitiondynamicssuchasoccurincomplextree/cropsystemsandinteractionsbetweencropsandweeds.KeywordsSWAT,globalusetrends,technologicalfactors,networking,futuredevelopmentneeds

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Modeling Sediment and Nutrient Loads Input to the Texas Gulf and Effectsof Conservation Practices on Water QualitySanthiChinnasamy ,CEAPTeam1. ResearchScientist.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Scientist-Staff.

AbstractTexasGulfandthesurroundingbayareasareexperiencingeutrophication/fishkillduetoexcessnutrientsdischargedfromitsdrainingbasinconsistingofpastureland,cropland,municipalandindustrialdischargesandurbanizedarea.Trinity,ColoradoandBrazosriverwatershedsarealsoreportedtohaveelevatedsedimentandnutrientpollutionproblems.DeterminingthemagnitudeofsedimentandnutrientloadsenteringtheTexasGulffromdifferentriverbasins,identifyingtheirsources,andevaluatingtheeffectsofcroplandconservationpracticesonwaterqualitywouldbeusefulforplanningandprioritizingmanagementeffortsforthisregion.Thefield-scalemodelAgriculturalPolicyEnvironmentalExtender(APEX)wasusedtosimulatetheconservationpracticesoncroplandandConservationReserveProgramlandandassesstheedgeoffieldwaterqualitybenefits.PredictedflowandloadsfromAPEXwereinputtothewatershedscalemodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).SWATwasusedtosimulatethewatershedprocessesandestimatetheinstreamwaterqualitybenefits.SWATmodelwascalibratedforstreamflow,sedimentandnutrientsatmultiplesitesintheTexasGulfBasin.Thesemodelswerethenusedto(1)estimatethesedimentandnutrientloadsenteringtheTexasGulffromdifferentriverbasins,and(2)estimatetheeffectsofvariouscroplandconservationpracticestrategiesonwaterqualityintheTexasGulfBasin.Modelpredictionsindicatedthat14.7milliontonnesofsediment,152,400metrictonnesofnitrogenand36,430metrictonnesofphosphorusloadswereenteringtheTexasfromthedrainingbasinasperbaselineconservationconditionin2006-06.Currentlyestablishedpracticesoncroplandwerepredictedtoreducethesediment,nitrogenandphosphoruslossesfromedgeoffieldwithineach8-digitwatershedsby85%,32%and57%,respectively.Thesepracticeswerepredictedtoreducetheinstreamsediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadsenteringtheTexasGulfby19%,10%,and6%,respectively.AdditionalconservationtreatmentcanhelptoreducetheloadswithinthebasinandtotheTexasGulf.KeywordsCEAP,SWAT,APEX,ConservationPractices,TexasGulf,Sediment,Nitrogen,Phosphorus

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Assessing spatial and temporal distribution of sediment, nitrogen andphosphorous loading in the Missouri River basinZhonglongZhang ,MayWu1. SeniorScientist,LimnoTech,EnvironmentalLab.,EngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter,Vicksburg,MS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PrincipalEnvironmentalSystemAnalust,EnergySystemsDivision,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,LemontIL.

AbstractTwoSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelsweredevelopedtoassessspatialandtemporaldistributionofsediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadingintheMissouriRiverBasin(MORB).TwosetsofthelatestlandusedataofNationalLandDataCover(NLCD)andCropDataLayer(CDL)wereusedinthisstudy.TheMORBSWATmodelswerecalibratedandvalidatedwith20yearsofmeasuredstreamflowdatacollectedfrom20U.S.GeologicalSurveystreamflowgagestationsforwatershedhydrology.Thecalibrationofstreamflowsedimentandnutrientloadwasbasedonasubsetofthelocationsusedinthecalibrationofhydrologywithlimitedmeasureddata.Modelperformancerangesfromsatisfactorytoverygoodforbothcalibrationandvalidationperiods.Theloadingofsediment,nitrogenandphosphoruswerestudiedatthreescales:subbasin(8-digithydrologicunit),regionalwatershed,andthewholebasin.BaselinemodelresultsshowedthatthelargesttotalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusloadscomefromthesubbasinsintheLowerMissouriRiverwatershedbecauseofheavilycultivatedcroplands.ThesmallestloadswerefromtheUpperMissouriandYellowstoneRiverregionalwatersheds,whereinputsfromallsourcesaremodestandattributabletothelargepastureandrangelandinthisarea.ThetotalloaddeliveredtotheMississippiRiverfromtheMORBincludedapproximately6.1�107tons/yroftotalsuspendedsediment,4.5�108kg⁄yroftotalnitrogen,and1.0�108kg⁄yroftotalphosphorus.Oftheseloads,LowerMissouriRiverregionalwatershedcontributes30%ofthenitrogen,respectively,and40%ofthephosphorus;however,thenitrogenandphosphoruscontributionsbytheUpperMissouriandYellowstoneRiverregionalwatershedswerelessthan1%.Thisstudyfurtherinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenlandusechangeandloadingofsediment,nitrogenandphosphorusintheMORB.Thisstudywillbeusefultoquantifychangesinaveragesedimentandnutrientloadsinresponsetoincreasedbiofuelfeedstockproductioninthisregion.KeywordsMissouriRiver,SWAT,landuse,sediments,nutrients,waterquality,biofuelproduction

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An analysis on the effect of settlements distribution changes to the NPS inthe Xiaojiang River Basin after the construction of the Three Gorges

Reservoir using SWATXiaoyanZheng ,PingGuo ,HongPeng ,WanshunZhang ,YongguiWang1. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentScience,WuhanUniversity.2. ChongqingAcademyofEnvironmentSciences,Chongqing.3. SchoolofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineering,WuhanUniversity.4. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentScience,WuhanUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)5. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentScience,WuhanUniversity.AbstractTheThreeGorgesProjectleadstoanaggravationinthelevelofthereservoir-pointsourcepollution.Exploringthesignificantfactorsthatintensifythelevelofthenon-pointsourcepollutionafterthecompletionofThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR),canbeusefulformaximizingthesocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefitsoftheThreeGorgesProject.FortheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,12,000migrantshavebeenresettled.Theimmigrationmakesthespatialdistributionofthesettlementsbeenchangedfromdecentralizationtoagglomeration,alongwiththepollutiondischargedwaychangingfromthescatteredemissionpatterntoconcentrativeemissionpattern.Whichisoneofthesignificantfactors.XiaojiangRiverBasinisthemajortributaryoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,involvingfourcounties,77towns.AftertheconstructionofThreeGorgesReservoir,thespatialdistributionpatternofthesettlementshasexperiencedagreatchange.WeassesstheeffectoftheThreeGorgesprojectontheincreasingenvironmentalpollutioninXiaojiangRiverBasin,basedonthechangeofthespatialdistributionofthesettlementsandpollutionemissions.Withusingthesedataaboutlanduse,soilstructure,socialandeconomicconditionsin2002and2013,thecontentoftotalphosphorus,totalnitrogenandsedimentconcentrationhavebeensimulatedinSWATmodel.Theresultsshowedshowsthattheinitialtotalamountofpollutionhasvariedlittleafterimmigration,butthenon-pointsourcepollutionflowintothewaterbodyincreasedalot.Ontheonehand,thehardeningofthelandinhabitedbyimmigrantsleadstothe,wasnotconducivetotheinfiltrationofpollutantsreducing,thepollutantsdirectlyflowingintothewaterwiththerainfromthestormsewerorimportedartificialriverchannels,whichleadtoanaggravationinthetotalamountofthenon-pointsourcepollutants.Ontheotherhand,afterimmigration,theboththechangefromthenon-pointsource(NPS)pollutioniscollectedtogetheranddischargeintotheriverthroughsewerslikethetoapointsourcepollution.ComparingwiththedispersiveNPSbeforeimmigration,theconcentratedNPShassmallerlosses.While,the,andtheunreasonablemethodonwastewatertreatmentmethodsintheareaarenotenough,whichleadstotheworsewaterqualityandmoreamountsofthesewagetreatment,centralizedsewageinflowdischargedthroughpipesandwaterchannels,whichleadtoinfiltrationandreductionloss,therebyincreasingthewaterstoragecapacitypollutantsdirectlydischargingintothewater.ThisstudysuggestedthatsewagetreatmentefficiencyshouldbeimprovedintheTGRareasinordertoreducetheamountofpollutantflowingintotheReservoir.

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Session C1: Hydrology

Simulation of Tile Drainage in Two Midwestern Watersheds UsingSWAT2012JaneFrankenberger ,ChelsieBoles ,ColleenMoloney1. Professor,AgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ProjectEngineer,LimnoTech.3. GraduateResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractInmanywatershedsoftheMidwesternU.S.,subsurfacetiledrainageisoneofthemostimportantflowpathwaysandthereforeneedstobeincludedinmodelsimulations.SWATalgorithmsformodelingflowthroughtiledrainshaveimprovedthroughtheyears,yetchallengesremainforimplementingtiledrainagesimulation,includingselectionofcomplexorunmeasurableparameters,andsettingupthemodeltocaptureoutputsattheoutletofthedrains.Thispresentationwilldescribethetiledrainsimulationintwosmallagriculturalwatersheds,oneinIndianaandoneinOhio.TheIndianastudyshowedthatcurvenumbervaluesneedtobesubstantiallydecreasedfortileflowpredictionandthatdepthtoimpermeablelayer(DEP_IMP)wasthemostimportantcalibrationparameter,asitalsocontrolsseepagethroughtherestrictivelayer.IntheOhiostudy,tileoutletdatawereavailableforfivetiles,somethodsweredevelopedtouseeachtiledareaasaseparatesubbasinforevaluatingtiledrainagesimulations.Theseprocesseshaveimprovedthesimulationofflowandnutrientsintile-drainedwatersheds.Keywordssubsurfacedrainage,drainflow,nitrogen

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Hydrological Modeling of Highly Glacierized River BasinsNinaOmani ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,PatriciaSmith ,RaghupathyKarthikeyan1. PostDocResearchAssociate.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor.3. AssociateProfessor.4. AssociateProfessor.AbstractSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulatefiveglacierizedriverbasinsthatareglobalincoverageandvaryinclimate.TheriverbasinsincludedtheNarayani(Nepal),Vakhsh(CentralAsia),Rhone(Switzerland),Mendoza(CentralAndes,Argentina),andCentralDryAndes(Chile)withatotalareaof85,000km2.AmodifiedSWATsnowalgorithmwasappliedinordertoconsiderspatialvariationofassociatedsnowmelt/accumulationbyelevationbandacrosseachsubbasin.Inthepreviousstudies,meltratesvariedasafunctionofelevationresultingfromanairtemperaturegradientwhilethesnowparameterswereconstantthroughouttheentirebasin.Amajorimprovementofthenewsnowalgorithmisseparatingtheglaciersfromseasonalsnowbasedontheircharacteristics.TwoSWATsnowalgorithmswereevaluatedinsimulationofmonthlyrunofffromglacieredwatershed:1)thesnowparametersarelumped(i.e.constantthroughouttheentirebasin)and2)thesnowparametersarespatiallyvariablebasedonelevationband-subbasin(i.e.modifiedsnowalgorithm).ApplyingthedistributedSWATsnowalgorithmimprovedthemodelperformanceinsimulationofmonthlyrunoffwithsnow-glacialregime,sothatmeanRSRdecreasedto0.49from0.55andNSEincreasedto0.75from0.69.Improvementofmodelperformancewasnegligibleinsimulationofmonthlyrunofffromthebasinswithmonsoonrunoffregime.KeywordsSWAT,Glacier,Snow,CentralAsia,SouthAmerica,Rhone

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Modeling Water Quantity and Nutrients in Devils Lake Watershed UsingSWATAfshinShabani ,XiaodongZhang1. PhDstudent.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Associateprofessor.

AbstractDevilsLake,nearly10187Sqkm,sub-basinoftheRedRiverbasinnorth,isaterminallakeinnortheasternNorthDakota.Inlasttwodecades,thelakelevelincreased,resultinginconnectingtotheStumpLakecausingfloodsthatrequiredmorethanonebillionUSDforfloodmitigation.DevilsLakeisalready1.5meterunderitsnaturalspillleveltotheSheyennenneRiverfromwhichwaterisdrainedthroughtwoartificiallyconstructedoutletstopreventflooding,butdrainingwatertoSheyenneeriverraiseaconcernofwaterqualityfordownstream.Inthisstudy,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulatewaterquantityandqualityovertheDevilsLakewatershedbetween1995to2010.Themodelwassuccessfullycalibratedandvalidatedfortheflow,sediment,andtotalnitrogen(TN)andphosphorous(TP)fortheentireofDevilsLakewatershed.Theresultsindicatedthattheaverageuplandsediment,TP,andTNare0.8tonha year ,0.63kgha year , and4kgha year .TheSWATmodelsuccessfullysimulatedsedimentdepositionandnutrientsinthelake.Theresultalsoshowed6.2meterincreasedinlakelevelwithRMSElessthan48centimeterforthestudyperiod.KeywordsDevilsLake,Nutrients,SWAT,Sediment,Waterfluctuation

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Implications of limited data on sediment yield predictions in a tile draindominated landscapeKarthikKumarasamy ,PatrickBelmont1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractTheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)iscommonlyappliedtoestimatesedimentyieldandpredictchangesinloadsasaresultofchangesinmanagementorconservationpracticesatlargewatershed(>2000km2)scales.However,challengesinourabilitytodifferentiatebetweensedimentsourcesincombinationwithsimplificationsandomissionsofprocessesrendermodelapplicationssusceptibletosystematicbiases.AssedimentyieldcomputationswithinSWATaredependentonflow,itiscriticaltocorrectlyquantifythewateravailableandthetimeofitsarrival.Inthatcontext,properquantificationoftheextent,distributionandefficiencyofsubsurfacetiledrainageisimportantinagriculturallandscapes.SWATprovidesamechanismtoaccountforsub-surfacetiledrainage,butinpracticeactualdatatoconstrainthisflowpathwayaretypicallynotavailable.Forexample,althoughextensiveuseofsubsurfacedrainageinLeSueurRiverBasinlocatedinsouthcentralMinnesotahasbeendocumented,thelocation,densityandextentsofthetiledrainagearegenerallyunknownatwatershedscales,leadingtouncertaintyinflowcalibration.Inthisstudywehaveexploredthechallengesrelatedtosubsurfacedrainageanditsimplicationsforpredictingsedimentyield.Wealsodemonstratethatitiseasytoimplicatethewrongsource(agriculturalfieldsratherthanbanks)andsuggestapproachestoquantifyand/orcircumventsuchproblemsofequifinalitybyincorporatingindependentlinesofinformation,suchassedimentfingerprintingdata.Keywordstiledrainage,equifinality

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Session C2: Database and GIS Application and Development

WEPP Model Background, Status, and Current ProjectsDennisC.Flanagan ,JamesR.Frankenberger1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractTheWaterErosionPredictionProject(WEPP)modelhasbeendevelopedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)since1985.Thecompletevalidatedanddocumentedmodelwasfirstpubliclyreleasedin1995,andthecodeismaintainedbytheUSDA-AgriculturalResearchService,NationalSoilErosionResearchLaboratory(NSERL),withupdatesevery2-3years.WEPPisaprocess-basedmodelthatwasdesignedtoestimaterunoff,soillossandsedimentyieldfromhillslopeprofilesaswellasfromsmallfield-andfarm-scalewatershedsuptoabout300hectaresinsize.ImportantphysicalprocessesmodeledbyWEPPincludeinfiltration,runoff,percolation,evapotranspiration,detachmentbyraindropsandbyflowingwater,sedimenttransport,sedimentdeposition,plantgrowth,residuedecomposition,tillagedisturbanceandsoilconsolidation,channelerosion,anddepositioninimpoundments.Inadditiontothesciencemodel(writteninFortran),avarietyofdatabasesandinterfaceprogramshavealsobeencreated,rangingfromstand-alonedesktopPCsoftware,toweb-browserbasedgeospatialwatershedsimulationtools.ThispresentationwillprovidebackgroundinformationonWEPP,currentmodelstatusanddevelopmentefforts,andimplementationprojectswithcooperatingagencies,includingtheUSDA-ForestService,USDA-NaturalResourcesConservationService,andIowaStateUniversity.

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Web-Based Expected Inundation Mapping Using Swat and HEC-RAS ModelsNarendraKumarTiwary ,AshokKumarKeshri ,SanjayKumarSrivastava1. Professor,Research,ARP&PIM,WaterandLandManagementInstitute,Patna,Bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,IIT,Delhi.3. Reader,WaterandLandManagementInstitute,Patna,Bihar,India.AbstractTherehavebeenmanydisastersduetofloodsinthehistoryoftheentireworld.Forexample,the1998floodsinBangladeshandthefloodinginFrancein1992havecausedseveredamagetolifeandproperty.Indiawitnesseseveryyearthatmillionsofpeoplearehomelessduetofloods.Itisoneoftheworstflood-affectedcountriesbeingthesecondintheworldafterBangladeshandaccountsforonefifthofglobaldeathcountduetofloods.InSeptember2014,heavyrainfallcentredontheNorthIndianstateofJammuandKashmircauseddevastatingfloodsandlandslidesinthecountry'sworstnaturaldisastersincethe1944KashmirFloodDisaster.Morethan700peoplewerepresumeddead.Destructionofbridgesandroadsleftaboutmorethan100,000pilgrimsandtouriststrappedinthevalleys.BiharisIndia'smostflood-proneStatewith76percentofthepopulationinthenorthlivingundertherecurringthreatofflooddevastation.PlainsofnorthBiharhaverecordedthehighestnumberoffloodsduringthelast30years.WaterResourceDepartment,Govt.ofBihar,IndiarealizedtheneedfordevelopingfloodwarningsystemforriversofnorthBiharandhasalreadyinitiatedprojectsrelatedtorealtimefloodforecasting.Thefinalformofoutputthatisrequiredbythesocietyistheinundationthatshalltakeplaceonaccountoftheforecastedflood.Thisinformationisrequiredinatemporalandspatialmanner.Thispaperaimstodevelopasystemtocollaborateonwebforexchangeofdataacquiredwithhelpofmodernequipmentsandradarsforpredictingexpectedinundationmuchearlier.SWATandHEC-RASmodelshavebeenusedtodevelopaweb-basedfloodmanagementinformationnetworktosimulateexpectedfloodinundationmaps.HEC-RASinconjunctionwithHEC-Geo-RASisusedforhydrodynamicroutingandexpectedinundationmapping.HEC-Geo-RASwasusedtoextractGISdataforHEC-RASruns.ThemainobjectiveoftheHEC-RASprogramistocomputewatersurfaceelevationsatalllocationsofinterest,byroutinghydrographsthroughthesystem.ThesimulationmodelcreatesanimportfileasinputtoHEC-RAS.AftersuccessfulrunningofHEC-RASmodel,longitudinalwatersurfaceprofileandwatersurfaceateachcrosssectionareobtained.ForinundationmappingtheHEC-Geo-RASmodelcreatestriangularirregularnetwork(TIN)modelusingtheSRTMDEMtakingheightasdatasource.ATINisasetofelevationpointswhichhavebeenconnectedtoformanetworkoftriangles.TheTINmodulewasusedforterrainmodelling,automatedbasindelineationanddrainageanalysis.FloodeventsoftheBagmatiriverbasinofBihar,India,havebeensimulatedusinghydro-meteorologicaldatadownloadedfromwebsiteswww.imdaws,www.hydrology.gov.npandwww.fmis.bih.nic.Floodhydrographs,forecastedbymodifiedSWATmodelfor2002,2004,2012,2013and2015floodeventswereusedasinitialandboundaryconditionsforunsteadyflowsimulationsbyHEC-RASmodel.ExpectedinundationmapsweregeneratedbyHEC-Geo-RAS.SimulatedwaterlevelswereinagreementwithmeasuredvaluesandpredictedinundationmapswerealsomatchingwithobservedmapsderivedfromRADARSATimageries.

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http://www.imdaws/

http://www.hydrology.gov.np/

http://www.fmis.bih.nic/


A Tool to Preprocess the National Soil Database of Canada for SWAT2012GetnetBetrie ,BaoqingDeng ,JunyeWang1. AthabascaUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AthabascaUniversity.3. AthabascaUniversity.AbstractAmanualpreparationofausersoildatabaseforlarge-scaleSWATmodelsisnotonlydaunting,butalsoanerror-pronetask.ThispaperpresentsthedevelopmentofanautomatictoolthatpreprocessesausersoildatabasefromtheNationalSoilDatabase(NSDB)ofCanada.TheNSDBconsistsofpolygonattributetable(PAT),soilnametable(SNT),andsoillayertable(SLT).ThePATcontainsattributessuchaspolygonarea,perimeterandtheirpolygonid.TheSNTdescribesthephysicalandchemicalparametersofsoilsthatarestoredininthePAT.TheSLTcontainsinformationwhichvariesinaverticaldirectionforeachsoilstoredinthePAT.ThetoolhasthecapabilitytoextracttherequireddatasetsfromtheNSDBintoSWAT2012format,appendthedatasetsintoausersoildatabase,andproduceaGISsoilmap.TheapplicabilityofthistoolisdemonstratedintheAthabascaRiverBasin,Alberta,Canada.KeywordsSWAT,AthabascaRiverBasin,Usersoil,Arctool

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Development of Climate and Management Data to Support SWAT ModelingEfforts in the USMikeWhite1. AgriculturalEngineerARS/USDA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractWaterqualitysimulationmodelssuchastheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)arewidelyusedintheUS.Thesemodelsrequirelargeamountsofspatialandtabulardatatosimulatethenaturalworld,includingclimateandmanagementinformation.Accurateandseamlessdailyclimaticdataarecriticalforaccuratedepictionofthehydrologiccycle.Likewise,theassemblageofsuitablemanagementdata(operationscheduling,fertilizationapplicationrates,andplantgrowthparameterization)isalsocritical.Intheresearch,wedevelopnationaldatabasesfordailyclimateandmanagementinSWATformatusingexistingNOAAandUSDAdatasources.ThesedataarecompatiblewithexistingSWATinterfaces,andrelativelyeasytouse.Bothdatasetswerepublishedfreelyonline.KeywordsClimate,Management

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Session C3: Model Development

Scheduling field operations as a function of temperature, soil moisture, andavailable resourcesClaireBaffaut ,MichaelStrauch1. Researchhydrologist,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. HelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZ.

AbstractSchedulingfieldoperationsinSWATcanbedonebyspecifyingfixeddatesorbyusingtheheatunitindex,whichconsiderstemperatureconstraints.However,soilmoistureandlaborrequirementscanalsolimittheabilityoffarmoperatorstoperformfieldoperationsattheoptimaltime.TheSWAT2012version635codewasmodifiedtointroducetheseconstraints.Soilmoisturewasconstrainedbyauser-definedmaximumfractionoffieldcapacity.Laborconstraintswererepresentedbylimitingfieldworkinthewatershedto1/14 ofthewatershedworkedarea,i.e.,agriculturalland,pasture,andmanagedforests.Thismeansthatintheabsenceofotherfieldworkandassumingthatmoistureorrainwouldnotintroduceanydelay,afieldoperationcanbecompletedthroughoutthewatershedwithintwoweeks.ThisalgorithmwastestedintheGoodwaterCreekExperimentalWatershed,inNortheastMissouribycomparingsimulatedplantingdatesofcornandsoybeansto15yearsofplantingprogressrecords(1992-2006).Onaverage,themodelpredictedplantedamountsofsoybeansandcornequaltothoserecordedwithin1dayoftherecordeddatesforsoybeansand7daysforcorn.Differenceswerelargeratthebeginningandendoftheplantingperiods.Resultsindicatedtheneedforacutoffdatebeyondwhichthesecropsareabandonedandthelandisleftfallow.Schedulingfieldoperationsasafunctionoftemperature,moisture,andavailableresourceswillbeusefulwhenoperationtimingisnotwellknown,e.g.largeriverbasins,scenariosanalyses,orclimatechangestudies.KeywordsFieldoperations,management,scheduling,temperaturesoilmoisture

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Defining and Integrating Spatiotemporal Agricultural Land Managementinto the Soil and Water Assessment ToolAdamFreihoefer ,TomBeneke ,AaronRuesch1. Hydrologist,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Hydrologist,CadmusGroup,Inc..3. WaterQualityModeler,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.

AbstractLandcoverandlandmanagementareimportantcomponentsintheevaluationofhydrologicandwater-qualityresponsemodelsusedtodevelopawatershed-basedTotalMaximumDailyLoad(TMDL).TheSoilandWaterAssessmentToolisawatershedresponsemodelusedtodevelopTMDLsduetothemodel’sabilitytoaccountforspatiotemporallandcoverandmanagement.Accountingforheterogeneousmanagementactivitiescandirectlyimpactthedrivingforcesbehindwatershedresponsemodelsincludingcurvenumberhydrologyandphosphoruscyclingandsubsequentlycanplayanimportantroleinpollutantallocations.TheWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasdevelopedamethodologythatincorporatesgeospatialdataandanalysis,countyLandandWaterConservationstaffknowledge,andfield-collecteddatasuchastransectsurveystodefineagriculturalmanagement.Thelandcoverandmanagementrefinementmethodologywasappliedtoagriculturallandcoverwithinthe23,714squarekilometerUpperWisconsinRiverBasin(UWRB).Theresultisaspatiallayerthatdefinesspatiotemporalvariabilityofagriculturallandmanagement,particularlyrotation,tillage,andnutrientapplicationforall64.75-hectareagriculturalplotsthroughouttheUWRBbetween2002and2013.ThismethodologyprovidesarefinedapproachthatcanbeusedatlargescalestosupportTMDLdevelopment,provideaplatformforupfrontparticipationfromstakeholders,andfacilitateTMDLimplementation.KeywordsSWATModelDevelopment,Agriculture,TMDL,GIS

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Using a Single HRU SWAT Model to Examine and Improve Representationof Field-Scale ProcessesColleenMoloney ,CibinRaj ,JaneFrankenberger ,IndrajeetChaubey1. ResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-DoctoralResesarcher,PurdueUniversity.3. Professor,PurdueUniversity.4. Professor,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractAsawatershed-scalemodel,SWATaggregatestheoutputsfromindividualHRUs,whereavastnumberofindividualhydrologicandnutrientprocessesaresimulated.WhilesomeoftheseHRU-levelprocessesandassociatedparametershavebeenthoroughlytested,othershavebeenassumedfromtheoryorfromlimitedfielddata.Asresearchadvances,newstrategiesarebeingdevelopedforthesimulationofHRUprocesses,andthesenewalgorithmsandparametervaluesneedtobetestedwithdatathatareusuallycollectedonindividualplotsorfields.SimulatingasingleHRUisthemostefficientmethodforthisevaluationusingplot-scaleorfield-scalemeasurements,toavoidtheeffectsbeingmaskedbyaggregatingoutputsintosubbasins.Inthispresentation,wewilldemonstratehowasingle-HRUmodelcanbecreatedbymanipulatingArcSWAToutput,andpresenttwoexampleswheresuchamodelhasproveduseful:(1)evaluatingandmodifyingthetiledrainroutinesusingfield-scaledrainagedata,and(2)improvingbioenergycropgrowthsimulationusingplantgrowthmeasurementsonsmallplots.Thesingle-HRUmodelshaveallowedrapidandefficientevaluationsofimprovedalgorithms.KeywordsSWATModel,Field-Scale,BioenergyCrops,TileDrainage

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Hillslope hydrology modifications for better representation of variablesource areas: SWAT-HillslopeSoniPradhanang ,LinhHoang ,ElliotSchneiderman ,TammoSteenhuis1. AssistantProfessor,UniversityofRhodeIsland.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Postdoc,InstituteforSustainableCities,CUNY.3. SeniorScientist,NYCDEP.4. Professor,CornellUniversity.

AbstractInhillylandscapesintemperateandtropicalhumidclimatesaperchedaquiferformingabovearelativelyimpervioussoillayerplaysamajorroleinthehydrology,transmittingsubsurfaceflowlaterallythroughthehillslope,controllingsoilsaturationastheperchedwatertableapproachesthesurface,providingwaterforplantuse,andinfluencingbiogeochemicaltransformationsrelatedtosaturatedconditionsinsoils.Inthisstudy,adynamicperchedaquiferandassociatedwatertablehavebeenaddedtotheSWATmodelusingthestatisticallydynamic(SD)approachusedinTOPMODELandotherhillslopehydrologymodels.Astheperchedwatertablerisesandfallssaturatedareascorrespondinglyexpandandcontract,andsaturation-excessoverlandflowisgeneratedasprecipitationandsnowmeltthatfallsonthesaturatedsoils.Theperchedaquiferistreatedasanon-linearreservoirthatcangeneraterapidsubsurfacestormflowasthewatertablerises,withreturnflowoccurringinthesaturatedareas.ThemodifiedSWAT-Hillslopemodeladoptsthevariablebucketapproachformodelingsoilwaterstoragecapacity.Upto10subareascategorizedaswetnessclassesofincreasingcapacityareidentifiedbasedonlandscapepositionandincorporatedintothedelineationofHRUs,andthespecifiedareasandmaximumcapacitiesofthewetnessclassesrepresenttheparameterizationofstoragecapacitydistributionforthecatchment.TheteststudyinTownBrookWatershedintheCatskillMountainsofNewYorkispresentedinthispaper.KeywordsSWAT-hillslope,saturatedareas,hydrology,watertable

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Session D1: Western Lake Erie Basin

Shaping Lake Erie Agriculture Nutrient Management through a Multi-ModelApproachMargaretKalcic ,RebeccaMuenich ,DonaldScavia ,NoelAloysius ,JeffreyArnold ,JayAtwood ,ChelsieBoles ,RemegioConfessor ,JosephDePinto ,MarieGildow ,JayMartin ,ToddRedder ,DaleRobertson ,ScottSowa,MichaelWhite ,HawYen1. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.3. UniversityofMichiganGrahamSustainabilityInstitute.4. TheOhioStateUniversity.5. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.6. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.7. LimnoTech.8. HeidelbergUniversityNationalCenterforWaterQualityResearch.9. LimnoTech.10. TheOhioStateUniversity.11. TheOhioStateUniversity.12. LimnoTech.13. UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.14. TheNatureConservancy.15. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.16. UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture–AgriculturalResearchService.

AbstractHarmfulalgalblooms(HABs)havebecomeendemictothewesternbasinofLakeErie.ThecyanobacteriaMicrocystisspp.producestoxinsthatposeseriousthreatstoanimalandhumanhealth,resultinginbeachclosuresandimpairedwatersupplies,andevenforcingatemporaryshutdownoftheCityofToledowatersystemforseveraldaysin2014.ThemaindriverofwesternLakeErieHABsishighphosphorus(P)loadingfromagriculturalwatershedsdrainingtothewesternbasin,particularlytheMaumeeRiverwatershed(Maumee).Throughthe2012GreatLakesWaterQualityAgreement,thegovernmentsoftheU.S.andCanadaagreedtoreviseLakeEriePloadingtargetstodecreaseHABseveritybelowlevelsrepresentingahazardtoecosystemandhumanhealth.TheGreatLakespolicycommunitywillsoonbefacedwithdeterminingwhatpolicyoptionsaremosteffectiveandfeasibletoaddressthisissue.Tobetterinformthepolicycommunity,aninterdisciplinaryteamofpolicy-makersandwatershedmodelerswasbroughttogetherinorderto(1)spatiallydescribePloadingfromtheMaumee,(2)identifypotentialstrategiestoreducePfromtheMaumee,(3)evaluatetheimpactoftheidentifiednutrientmanagementstrategiesusingmultiplewatershedmodels,and(4)communicatetheresultsofthescenariostotheagriculturalandmanagementcommunitiesinordertobetterinformpolicy.Keywordsharmfulalgalblooms,MaumeeRiverwatershed,phosphorus,WesternLakeErieBasin,multi-modelapproach

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Bringing SWAT to stakeholders to explore conservation scenariodevelopment in the Western Lake Erie BasinMargaretKalcic ,NathanBosch ,RebeccaMuenich ,ChristineKirchhoff ,AllisonSteiner ,MichaelMurray ,FrankLopez ,DonaldScavia1. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. CenterforLakes&Streams;GraceCollege.3. UniversityofMichigan.4. UniversityofConnecticut.5. UniversityofMichigan.6. NationalWildlifeFederation.7. OldWomanCreekNationalEstuarineResearchReserve.8. UniversityofMichigan.

AbstractSeasonalhypoxiaandharmfulalgalbloomsinLakeEriehavebeenlinkedtoelevatedphosphorusloadingfromitswesternbasin,andparticularlydeliveredfromagriculturalrunoffintheMaumeeRiverwatershed.Historicdecreasesintotalphosphorusloadingledtoshort-termecologicalimprovementsinthelake,butrisingfractionsofsolublereactivephosphorusarelargelyblamedforitsmorerecentworseningcondition.Manysuspectthisriseinsolublephosphorusisduetowidespreadadoptionofno-tillageonfarmlandsartificiallydrainedbysubsurfacetiles,andthereisinterestindesigningconservationscenarioscapableofcounter-actingthistrend.InthisstudyweconsultedwithstakeholdersintheWesternLakeEriebasintodesignsuchconservationscenariosfocusingonpracticesrelatedtonutrientmanagement,soilerosion,andartificialdrainage.IninitialworkshopswepresentedthecapabilitiesofSWATforimplementingconservationscenariosandassessingtheirimpactonnutrientandsedimentloadingtoLakeErie,andstakeholdersaidedmodelersindevelopingscenariosofinteresttotheconservationandagriculturalcommunities.Weranthesescenariosanddeliveredresultsbacktothesestakeholdersinfollow-upworkshops.Wearestillassessingthefullimpactofconservationdeliveredatvaryingratesofadoptioninconjunctionwithregionalclimatechange.KeywordsSWAT,scenarios,agriculturalconservation,BMPs,MaumeeRiverWatershed,stakeholderengagement

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Visualizing alternative pathways for reducing phosphorus loads into LakeErieRebeccaMuenich ,MargaretKalcic ,DonScavia1. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.3. GrahamFamilyProfessorofSustainabilityandDirectoroftheGrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.

AbstractThewesternbasinofLakeEriehasseenaresurgenceofharmfulalgalbloomsinrecentyears.ThemaindriverofHABshasbeenshowntobeelevatedphosphorus(P)loadscomingfromthewatershedsthatdrainintothewesternbasin.OfparticularimportanceistheMaumeeRiverWatershed(MRW),whichhasbeenshowntobethemainHABdriver.Ploadingtargets,recommendedintheGreatLakesWaterQualityAgreement,havebeendevelopedtokeepPlevelslowenoughtopreventHABs.DespitesignificantworkdesignedtoinformthesetargetloadsforLakeErie,lessworkhasbeendonetoidentifywhatpolicyandmanagementdirectivesareneededtoachievethosetargets.OurgoalwastotesttheeffectsofextremelandmanagementscenariosonphosphorusloadstoLakeErie.ThesescenarioshighlightsomeconstraintsonphosphorusloadreductionsthatcanbeachievedfromchangesinMaumeeRiverWatershed(MRW)managementstrategies.WeevaluatetheeffectsonMRWphosphorusloadsundervariousnutrientmanagementstrategiesincludingstoppingallfertilizerapplicationsandimplantingextremeagriculturalmanagementchanges.TheresultsindicatethateveniffertilizerapplicationonagriculturallandsintheMRWceasedentirely,itmaytakedecadestoseedesireddecreasesinphosphorusloads.ScenariosresultsalsoindicatethattherearesomepotentialactionsthatcanbetakenintheMRWandpotentiallyotherWesternLakeErieBasinwatershedstoreducephosphorusloadsintoLakeErie.Keywordsharmfulaglalblooms,MaumeeRiver,phosphorus,WBLE

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Session D2: BMPs

Investigating impacts of BMPs and land use on water quality for sustainablebioenergy productionMiaeHa ,MayWu1. PostdoctoralAppointee,ArgonneNationalLaboratory.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PrincipalEnvironmentalSystemAnalyst,ArgonneNationalLaboratory.

AbstractNonpointsourcepollutionisanissueforagriculturalfieldsduetonitrogenandphosphorusfromfertilizerandlivestockintheMidwest.Landmanagementstrategiesplayimportantrolesinsustainablebiofuelfeedstockproductionwhileminimizingimpactsoflandusechangesonhydrologyandwaterquality.Environmentalsustainabilityofcellulosicbiofuelfeedstockproductionwasconsideredtomaintainwaterresourcesofanintegratedlandscapingmanagementstrategy,throughcurrentlanduseandlandmanagement,croppingsystem,andagriculturalBestManagementPractices(BMPs).Cellulosicbiofuelfeedstockproductioninalandscapedesignincorporatinglowproductivitylandwasconvertedtohighbiomassproductioncropsuchasswitchgrass.AgriculturalBMPsimplementationandsourcereductioninvariouscombinationsweretestedtoinvestigatevarioussedimentandnutrientloadreductionstrategiesinawatershedinIowa,includingriparianbufferandwintercovercropapplication.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtosimulateproposedlandscapedesign,riparianbufferandresidueharvest/ryeapplicationsonsediment,nutrientloadings,andhydrologicalperformanceatwatershedscale.ResultsindicatethattheeffectivelandscapedesignandBMPsoncurrentagriculturallandcanpotentiallybringmarkedimprovementsinwaterqualityandsoilerosioncontrolwhileproducingfoodandfuelfeedstockintheSouthForkIowaRiverwatershed.Theconceptcanbeintegratedwithotherwatershedmanagementprogramstoimprovesustainabilityofland,water,andecosystem.KeywordsBMPs,Landscapedesignandmanagement,switchgrass,sediment,nutrient,bioenergyproduction

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Session D2: BMPs

Best management practices for reducing nutrient loads in a sub-watershedof Chesapeake BayTamieVeith ,M.G.MostofaAmin,AmyCollick,HeatherKarsten1. agriculturalengineer,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractWaterqualityimprovementintheChesapeakeBayisagraveconcern.Aninitiativetoreducethenutrientloadstostreamhasbeenundertakentoattainatargettotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)atChesapeakeBay.Ageneralguidelinewithasetofbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)hasbeeninplacefortheChesapeakewatershedstatestobeimplementedfortheTMDLgoal.TheChesapeakewatershedstateshavebeendirectedtosub-dividetheallocationsoftheTMDLbylocalareas,butformoreeffectiveallocationsoftheBMPsafield-scaleimplementationplanisneeded.SpringCreekwatershedofCentreCounty,PennsylvaniawaschoseninthisstudyforinvestigatingtheeffectivenessoftheBMPsandderivinganimplementationplanusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).TheSWATmodeliscapableofassessingtheeffectsoffield-scaleBMPsonwatersheddischargeestimatesunderinter-annualandseasonalvariationsoftemperatureandprecipitation.Recordedweatherandstreamflowdata,and10-mdigitalelevationmaps,andSSURGOsoildatawereusedtocalibrateandvalidatethemodel.Sincebase-flowisamajorcomponentofstreamflowinSpringCreek,themostsensitivecalibrationparametersaffectingmodelperformancewerebase-flowfactor,curvenumber,andsurfacewatertogroundwatertransportdelayfactor.ThemodeladequatelydescribedhydrologicprocesseswithaNash-Sutcliffecoefficientof0.76andacoefficientofdeterminationof0.75.Themodelhasfinallybeenusedtoprepareasetofeffectivefield-scaleBMPstocut20%ofthenutrientloadsasallocatedforthewatershedby2025.Thenextstepwillbeinassessingfield-levelcost-effectivenessoftheBMPs.Keywordsbestmanagementpractices,field-scale,ChesapeakeBay,TMDL,WIP

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Session D2: BMPs

Using GIS Technology to Inform Watershed Modeling and ConservationPractice Implementation at the Local LevelTimothyErickson ,AndrewKessler ,JeremiahJazdzewski ,MarkDeutschman1. ProfessionalEngineer,HoustonEngineerInc.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Scientist,HoustonEngineeringInc.3. ProfessionalEngineer,HoustonEngineerInc.4. ProfessionEngineer/VP,HoustonEngineeringInc.

AbstractWatershedmodelssuchasSWATandHSPFareoftenusedtoprovideinformationneededtoguidewaterqualitymanagementdecisionsatthewatershedandregionalscales.Thesedecisionsincludeprovidingestimatesoftheloadreductionsassociatedwiththeimplementationofconservationpractices.However,localpractitionersresponsibleforselectingandimplementingon-the-groundconservationpracticesoftenlackthetechnicalresourcesneededtoutilizemodeloutputstoinformdecisionsaboutthelocations,numbersandwaterqualitybenefitsofthepracticesneededtomeetwaterqualitygoals.Theuseandadvanceprocessingofhighresolutiontopographicdata(i.e.collectedusingLiDARtechnology)providesanopportunitytotargetpracticesatfinerscalesandinformwatershedmodelingefforts.ThispresentationwillhighlighthowthePrioritize,Target,andMeasureApplication(PTMApp)hasbeendevelopedasanArcGIStoolbartoidentifyfieldscalelocationsthataresuitableforconservationpractices,andestimatetheirresultingloadreductions(nitrogen,phosphorus,andsediment)todownstreamlakesandrivers.KeywordsBMPs,TerrianAnalysis,GIS,LiDAR,ImplementationStrategies

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Session D3: Environmental Applications

Challenges defining functional evaluation of an ungauged headwaterwetland in coastal ALRasikaRamesh ,LatifKalin ,MehdiRezaeianzadeh ,MohamedHantush ,ChrisAnderson1. PhDStudent,AuburnUniversity.2. Professor,AuburnUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. PhDStudent,AuburnUniversity.4. Scientist,USEPA.5. AssociateProfessor,AuburnUniversity.

AbstractInthisstudy,weevaluatedthewaterqualityandflowmitigationcapabilityofrelativelyunderstudiedheadwaterwetlandsystemslocatedinsouthAlabama’scoastalplainregion.ForthisweexploredtheuseofSWATcoupledwithawetlandnutrientcyclingmodelcalledWetQual.Observedflowandnutrientdataforthestudyheadwaterwetlandexistsforfirstflusheventsovera5-monthperiodfromAug2013throughJanuary2014.Duetolackofcontinuousdata,weusedSWATtosimulatedaily-scalewetlandinputswhichwerecalibratedwithobserveddata.SWAThasbeenpreviouslycalibratedforwatershedsintheregionsuchasthoseoftheFishRiver,MagnoliaRiverandtheWolfRiver;modelparametersfromthesestudieswereusedforthepurposesofourstudy.WhenwecomparedSWATsimulatedwatershedflowstothewetlandwithobserveddataweobservedthatSWATgreatlyunderestimatedtheextentofgroundwatercontributionstothewetland.Thisstudyoutlinesourchallengesinfiguringoutthebestwaytocouplethesemodelswhilestillgeneratingecologicallyrelevantunderstandingoftheheadwaterwetlandsnutrientmitigationcapabilities.BaldwinCounty,AL,hasseenafastriseincoastaldevelopment,andthistrendisexpectedtocontinuesignificantlyinthefuture.Thisimperilsheadwaterstreamsandwetlandswhichoccurnumerouslyonthislandscape.WiththeGulfofMexicoalreadyundergoinglargeproblemswithnutrienteutrophication,assessmentofthefunctioningofthesenumerousheadwatersystemsbecomescriticalinwaterqualityandflowmaintenanceintheregion.Keywordswetland,groundwater,nitrogen

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Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to provide critical spatialinformation about the magnitude of water quality stressors and their effect

on stream biodiversityConorKeitzer ,StuLudsin,ScottSowa,AnthonySasson,MattHerbert,GustAnnis,AugustFroelich,CarrieVolmer-Sanders,JeffArnold,MikeWhite,HawYen,PrasadDaggaputi,LeeNorfleet,Mari-VaughnJohnson,JayAtwood,CharlieRewa1. PostdoctoralResearcher,OhioStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractNon-pointsource(NPS)pollutionisamajordriverofstreamdegradationandthreatensvaluablecoastalecosystems.Despitewidespreadawarenessofthisissue,conditionsinmanyareascontinuetoworsen.OnefactorlimitingeffectiveNPSpollutionmanagementisthelackofinformationatfinespatialresolutionsacrossbroadspatialextents.Inparticular,detailedspatialinformationabouttheeffectsofNPSpollutiononbiodiversityislacking.Thisspatialinformationisintegraltoallocatinglimitedresourcesstrategically.Wedevelopedahydrologicmodelatthe1:100,000-scaleusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTooltoassesswaterqualityconditionsinWesternLakeErietributaries.Welinkedthiswaterqualitydatatoobservedfishcommunitydata,whichwereavailableforasubsetofthewatershed,todevelopmodelsoffishcommunityresponsestowaterqualitystressors.Wethenforecastedbiologicalconditionsacrossthewholewatershed.Wefoundthatdependingonthefishmetricconsidered,between3%and29%ofthewatershedishighlylimitedbywaterquality.Weattributebetween72%and100%ofthisimpairmenttoagriculturallygeneratedNPSpollution.Importantly,theamountofimpairmentvariedamongsubwatersheds,oftencharacterizedbypositivelyskewedorlognormalprobabilitydistributions.Weusedtheseskeweddistributionstoidentifyprioritywatershedsforconservationactionacrossmultiplespatialscales.Bycouplinghydrologicalandbiologicalmodels,wecanprovidecriticalspatialinformationabouttheeffectsofNPSpollutiononstreambiodiversity.Thisspatialinformationisessentialforeffectiveconservationwithlimitedresources.Keywordsbioticintegrity,watershedconservation,nutrients,suspendedsediment,river

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Development of a Distributed TMDL Allocation in Liangzi Lake Basin UsingSWAT Model and Water Quality ModelYongguiWang ,WanshunZhang ,BinLuo ,ShuanglingWang ,ShengyuanWang1. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,PRChina.2. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,PRChina.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. HubeiEnvironmentMonitoringCenter,Wuhan430072,PRChina.4. CollegeofOceanandMeteorology,GuangdongOceanUniversity,Zhanjiang,Guangdong524088,PRChina.5. SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,PRChina.

AbstractTheLiangziLakeistheimportantecologicalwatersourcesandoneofthebiggestfreshwaterlakeinHubeiprovince,China.Therearesevenrivers,includingGaoqiaoRiver,XujiaguangRiver,JinniuguangRiverandetc.,flowintotheLiangziLakeand16countieswithdifferentsocialdevelopmentlevelthatlocatedintheLiangziLakebasin.Thenon-pointsource(NPS)isthemainpollutionsourceinLiangziLakerecently,inwhichthedisorderedagriculturalstructureandnostandardsfertilizationhavebecomemainfactorsthatdamagestheenvironmentofLiangziLake.TocontroltheNPS,researchesabouttheallocationtotalofcontaminationsareurgentneed.Thetotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)isoneofthemostimportantprogramonthetotalpollutantcontrol,whichhasgreatsignificanceforcontrollingpollutantdischarge,distributingtotalamountandprotectingtheenvironment.ToprotecteandimprovetheenvironmentinLiangziLake,thispaperpresentedtheTMDLinLiangziLakebasedontheSWATmodelandthewaterqualitymodelforlake.ForTMDLplan,themainprocessesarecalculatingtheexternalloadings,computinginternalloadingandanalyzingthemarginofsafety(MOS).Inthispaper,theSWATmodelhasbeenusedforNPSmodeling(asexternalloadings).TheCOD,TN,TPhavebeenselectedastheallocationfactorsforTMDLandtheLiangziLakebasinhasbeendividedintosevensub-basinsand16administrationcellsaccordingtoitsriverstructure.Thetwodimensionalmodelhasbeenusedforwaterqualitysimulationinthelake(astheinternalloading)withusingtheresultsoftheSWATmodelastheboundaryintakeconditions.Withthesesimulationresults,theprimaryallocationandsecondaryallocationofTMDLinLiangzilakebasinhavebeendone.TheresultsshowsthatthepollutantloadsinLiangziLakeneedredistributionandshouldbecutdown.Inwhich,thepollutantloadsfromGaoqiaoriversub-basinshouldbecutdown40%,andtheXujiaguangsub-basinshouldbecutdown30%,whiletheotherfivesub-basinsremainingdon’tneedabatement.TheSWATmodelcoupledwiththewaterqualitymodelaregoodtoolsforTMDLprogram.KeywordsTMDLAllocation,SWAT,WaterQualityModel,LaingziLake

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Session E1: Western Lake Erie Basin

Large-scale, NHDPlus Resolution Watershed Modeling in the Western LakeErie Basin Using SWATHawYen ,MichaelWhite ,S.ConorKeitzer ,PrasadDaggupati ,Mari-VaughnJohnson ,MatthewHerbert ,JeffreyArnold ,ScottSowa1. AssistantResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.3. PostdoctoralFellow,OhioStateUniversity.4. AssistantResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.5. Agronomist,USDA-NRCS.6. AquaticEcologist,TheNatureConservancy.7. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.8. DirectorofScience,TheNatureConservancy.

AbstractInrecentyears,increasinglylargeamountsofmeasureddataareavailableforscientistsandengineerstoconductanalysesandwatershed-scalesimulationsonchallengingtopics,suchaswaterresourcesallocation,sedimenttransport,andpollutioncontrol.Toenhancethequalityofmodelpredictions,bothtemporalobservationdata(HardData)andintra-watershedbehavior(SoftData)areconsideredduringthemodelcalibration/validationprocedure.Inaddition,applicationoffinerresolutiondataisoneofthealternativesenablingmodelingprojectstobemorerepresentative.Inthisstudy,Soft/HardDataareincorporatedwiththestate-of-the-artNationalHydrographyDataset(NHDPlus)tosimulatehydrologic,sediment,andnutrientprocessesintheWesternLakeErieBasin(WLEB).Inaddition,conservationscenariosaresimulated,alongsidepredictedpotentialcostsassociatedwithscenarioimplementation.Theresultsindicatethatincreasedinvestmentscouldprovidebetterperformanceintermsofreducingnutrientandsedimentloads.However,casescenarioswithhigherinvestmentcosts,suchasNutrientManagement,maybelessfeasibleintherealworldbecauseavailablefinancialresourcesarepotentiallylimited.Therefore,casescenariowithsomeefficacyandlesscost(e.g.,ErosionControl)maybetheprimaryrecommendationinpractice.KeywordsNHDPlus;SoftData;Modelcalibration;IPEAT;SWAT

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Analyzing the Variability of Water, Sediment and Nutrient Fluxes within anAgricultural Watershed to Identify Nutrient “Hotspots”NoelAloysius ,MarieGildow ,JayMartin1. PostdoctoralResearchScientist,OhioStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchAssociate,OhioStateUniversity.3. Professor,OhioStateUniversity.

AbstractApproximately50%ofsuspendedsolidsandnutrientsaredeliveredtoWesternLakeEriefromtheagriculturallydominatedMaumeeRiverWatershed(MRW[JM1]).Croppingpatterns,soils,subsurfacedrainage,changingweatherpatternsandrunoffpotentialhavebeenidentifiedasmajornaturalandhumanfactorsimpactingnutrientdeliverytotheLake.Although,nutrientdynamicsattheMRoutletarewell-studiedanddocumentedthroughmonitoringandmodeling,thespatialandtemporaldynamicswithintheMRWarepoorlyunderstood.Spatialvariabilityinsoils,croppingandlocalstormpatternsheavilyinfluencerunoffpotentialfromvarioussub-watersheds.Identifyingareas,orsub-watersheds,withhighrunoffpotentialthatareamajorsourceforsuspendedsolidsandnutrients,wouldbeextremelyhelpfultoguidetheapplicationofbestmanagementplans(BMPs).Forthisreason,weperformedamulti-sitecalibrationandvalidationofaMRWSoilWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modeltoevaluatethespatialandtemporalvariabilityofwaterandnutrientfluxeswithintheMRW.FlowcalibrationwascompletedatninestreamflowlocationsandvalidatedatthirteenlocationswithinMRW.Waterqualityparameters(suspendedsolids,totalandreactivephosphorusandnitrate-nitrogen)werecalibratedattheoutletofMRandvalidatedatthreeinternallocations.Initialresultsindicatethattheinterannualvariabilityofstreamflowsaregreatestatgagelocationsthatdrainhigh-runoffpotentialareas.Thesepoorly-drainedareaswithintensivecorn-soybeancroprotationsandextensivesubsurfacedrainagecontributelargerproportionsofsurfaceandsubsurfacerunoffandsubsequentlynutrients.Ourfindingsidentifytheneedtounderstandandlocatethehigh-risksourceareaswhendevelopingandimplementingbestmanagementpracticesfornutrientreductionintheMRW.

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Use of a calibrated SWAT model to support best management practice(BMP) evaluations in the Maumee River watershedChelsieBoles ,ToddRedder ,JosephDePinto1. ProjectEngineer,LimnoTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Sr.ProjectEngineer,LimnoTech.3. Sr.Scientist,LimnoTech.

AbstractTheMaumeeSWAT(MASWAT)modelisacalibrated,HUC-12scalemodelcoveringthe6,575squaremiledrainageareaoftheMaumeeRiver,alargelyagriculturalbasinlocatedinMichigan,Ohio,andIndianawhichultimatelydrainstotheWesternBasinofLakeErie.WesternBasincyanobacteriabloommodelingworkhasdemonstratedthattheMaumeeRiverspring(March–July)phosphorusloadisthemajordriveroftheHarmfulAlgalBlooms(HABs),promptingtheneedfordevelopmentofBMPstrategiesthatwillaccomplishthenecessarywatershedloadreduction.Therefore,theintendeduseoftheMASWATmodelistheevaluationofbestmanagementpractice(BMP)scenariostodeterminetheirpotentialtoreducespringloadingtothelake.LimnoTechbeganwiththepublicallyavailableEcoforeSWAT2005modeldevelopedbyBoschetal.(2011)andupdatedthedatabaseparameterstoversionSWAT2012.Additionalclimatedatawasprovidedsothemodelwouldrunthrough2014.DetailedagriculturalmanagementdatawasobtainedfromtheARS’sCEAPmodeloftheWLEB.ThesemanagementdatawereaggregatedtoaHUC-08levelandappliedtotheMASWATmodeltoprovideamoreaccuraterepresentationofmanagementpracticesacrossthewatershed.Finally,themodelwasre-calibratedforthe1998-2010periodforhydrologyusingthenewtiledrainparametersandfornutrientswithafocusonphosphorus.AdditionalcalibrationstationsupstreamofWatervillewereaddedtofurtherconstrainmodelpredictions.Themodelwasthenconfirmedandappliedusingthetimeperiod2005-2014.LimnoTechstaffwillutilizethismodeltosupporttheUniversityofMichigan’sWaterCenterintheirWesternBasinLakeErieScenarioprojectwork.Inthisproject,asuiteoffiveSWATmodelswithharmonizedbaselineclimateinputsandanapplicationoftheSPARROWmodelwillbeemployedtopredictwatershedresponsestoavarietyofBMPscenarios,both‘extreme’and‘bundled’.ThispresentationwillhighlighttheresultsofLimnoTech’sMASWATmodelresponsesto‘extreme’BMPscenariosimplementedacrossthewatershed.Resultsforthetimeperiodof2005-2014willfocusontheeffectofactionsontheloadingofphosphorustothelake,theendpointofconcernforthisevaluation.KeywordsSWAT,BMPs,WatershedLoadModeling,LakeErie,Phosphorus

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Session E2: Climate Change Applications

The implications of SWAT parameter equifinality on climate changeprojectionsDarrenFicklin ,BradleyBarnhart1. AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofGeography,IndianaUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Corvallis,Oregon.

AbstractThroughtheuseofGeneralCirculationModel(GCM)outputorclimatesensitivityscenarios,theeffectsofclimatechangeonwaterresourceshavebeenstudiedextensivelythroughouttheworld.ThispresentationwillexaminetheconceptofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)parameterizationuncertaintyorequifinality,wheremanyuniquehydrologicmodelparametersetscanresultinadequatecalibrationandvalidationstatistics,onhydrologicprojectionsfromdownscaledGCMsforthreesnowmelt-dependentwatershedsinthewesternUnitedStates(upperreachesoftheClearwater,Gunnison,andSacramentoRiverwatersheds).Foreachwatershedfivesetsofcalibratedparametersbasedonadequatecalibrationandvalidationstatisticsareassessed.Despitesimilarmodelefficiencystatistics,amajorityofaverageannualstreamflowprojectionsduringthe2080sweresignificantlydifferent,withdifferencesinmagnitude(increaseordecrease)anddirectioncomparedtohistoricalannualstreamflows.Attheaveragemonthlytimestep,amajorityofprojectionsvariedinpeakstreamflowmagnitude/timingandsummerstreamflows,aswellasoverallincreasesordecreasescomparedtothehistoricalmonthlystreamflows.Snowmeltprojectionsalsovaried,bothindepthandsnowmeltpeaktiming,forallwatersheds.Sincealargeportionoftherunoff-producingregionsinthewesternUnitedStates(andmanyotherregionsthroughouttheworld)aresnowmelt-dependent,thishaslargeimplicationsforprojectionsoftheamountandtimingofstreamflowinthecomingcentury.Thisworkshowsthathydrologicmodelparameterizationsthatgivesimilarsatisfactorycalibrationandvalidationstatisticscanleadtostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinhydrologicprojections.Keywordsclimatechange,streamflow,snowmelt,parameteruncertainty,calibration,equifinality

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Projecting climate change impacts on surface hydrology of a smallagriculture-dominated watershedSushantMehan ,RamP.Neupane ,SandeepKumar1. GraduateResearchAssistant.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostDocResearchAssociate.3. AssistantProfessor,PlantScience.

AbstractTheSkunkCreekwatershedisanagriculture-dominatedwatershedwherewaterdemandforagriculturalproductionismainlymetbytheflowgeneratedintheSkunkCreek.Therefore,itiscrucialtoestimatefuturewateravailabilityforsustainableagriculturalproductioninthiswatershed.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoprojecttheclimatechangeimpactsonwateravailabilitytoestimatepotentialdroughtperiods.Weusedtheprocess-baseddistributedSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelandcalibratedforaperiodfrom1987-1994withNSEandR valuesas0.84and0.84,respectively,formonthlystreamflowsimulations.ThefutureclimatescenariosweresimulatedusingtheaverageoutputsoftemperatureandprecipitationobtainedfromSpecialReportonEmissionScenarios(SRES)(B1,A1BandA2)ofgeneralcirculationmodels(GCMs)formid-21stcentury.Weestimatedhighersurfacerunoffinallfuturescenariosthatledforhigherstreamdischargeinthebasin.Themaximum(93%)increaseinsurfacerunoffwasestimatedfortheSRES-B1andminimum(38%)wasestimatedwithSRES-A2comparedtobaseline.Similarly,maximum(236%)andminimum(184%)changeinstreamdischargewasestimatedwithSRES-B1andSRES-A2,respectively.However,anegativeincreaseinstreamflowvaluesrangingfrom4-90%wasobservedfortheperiodcrucialforcropgrowthin2058and2059foralltheemissionscenarioscomparedwithbaseline.Thismayleadtodeclineinagriculturalproductivitybecauseoflimitedwaterresources.Thesepotentialhydrologicvariationsmaylargelyinfluencetheagriculturalproductioninthebasin.Therefore,anaccurateassessmentofuncertaintiesassociatedwithfutureclimatescenariosneedtobestudiedcarefullyformakingmorepreciseandreliabledecisionsonwaterconservationstrategiesduringagriculturaldroughtperiods.KeywordsClimateChange,Streamflow,Runoff,SWAT,Drought

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Modeling the potential impacts of climate change on streamflow in aheadwater basin of the Grande River Basin, Southeastern BrazilViníciusA.Oliveira ,MarceloR.Viola ,CarlosR.Mello ,RaghavanSrinivasan1. PhD.Student-FederalUniversityofLavras-Brazil.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor-FederalUniversityofLavras-Brazil.3. Professor-FederalUniversityofLavras-Brazil.4. Professor-TexasA&MUniversity.

AbstractTheassessmentofthepotentialimpactsofclimatechangeonstreamflowisimportanttosupportthewaterresourcesmanagementincountrieslikeBrazil,where70%oftheelectricpowerissuppliedbyhydropowerplants.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastocalibrateandvalidate,inmonthlybasis,aheadwaterbasinoftheGrandeRiverBasin,SoutheasternBrazil,inordertoevaluatetheimpactsonhydrologyunderfutureclimatechangescenarios.Forthispurpose,precipitationandmaximumandminimumtemperaturesdatasetssimulatedbyEta,aregionalclimatemodel,nestedintheglobalclimatemodelHadGEM2-ESconsideringtheRCP4.5and8.5scenarios,wereforcedthroughtheSWATmodel.Thesimulationswerecarriedoutinthreetimeslices(2007-2040;2041-2070;2071-2099)andcomparedtothesimulationofthebaselineperiod(1961-2005).Theresultsshowedanincreaseinthemaximum(4.76and6.61°C)andminimum(0.60and1.75ºC)temperaturesandadecreaseintheprecipitation(9.16and16.58%)forbothscenarios(RCP4.5and8.5),respectively.Yet,theresultsledtoasignificantreductionofthestreamflowandthereforeareductionoftheannualwateryieldforthethreetimeslices,showingadecreaseof35.5,21.1and23.3%and29.8,26.5and40.1%fortheRCP4.5and8.5scenarios,respectively,whencomparedtothebaselineperiod.Thus,thehydrologicalbehaviorofthewatershedmaybenegativeaffected,especiallythegroundwaterrechargecapabilitiesandthereforethebaseflow,reducingthewateravailabilityoftheregioninthedryperiods.KeywordsClimatechange,Eta-HadGEM2-ESmodel,SWATmodel.

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Session E3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty

Impacts of model parametric uncertainty on landuse planning decisionmakingKrishnanNithya ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,KPSudheer1. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianinstituteofTechnology,Madras-600036,Chennai,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-doctoralresearchassociate,PurdueUniveristy-.3. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.4. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..

AbstractWatershedscalesimulationmodelsareusedtoevaluatevarious‘whatif’questionsandtomakeinformeddecisions.Thesemathematicalmodelsincludemanyempiricaland/ornon-empiricalparameterstorepresentvariouseco-hydrologicalprocesses.Parameteruncertaintyisamajorissueinmathematicalmodelsimulations,asoftentheactualparametervaluesarenotavailableoraremeasurable.Themodelparameteruncertaintycanaffectsimulationresultsandconsequentdecisions.TheobjectiveofthestudywastoevaluateparameteruncertaintyofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),andtoevaluatepotentialimpactsofuncertaintyinmodelsimulationsonthedecisionssuggestedforlanduseplanning.AnoptimizationbasedlanduseplanningcasestudywasdevelopedtoidentifyoptimalcroppingpatternincludingbioenergycropsintheStJosephRiverwatershed,IN,USA.Theobjectivefunctionforlanduseoptimizationincludedbiomassproductionof3,581metrictonsperday(underthermochemicalconversion)minimumfeasibleproductionforabiomassprocessingplant,withminimumbiomassproductioncostandmaximumenvironmentalbenefits.ParameteruncertaintyoftheSWATmodelisassessedusingShuffledComplexEvolutionaryMetropolisAlgorithm(SCEM).Fiverepresentativeparametersetswereselectedfromthepredictionuncertaintyintervaltorepresenttheparameteruncertainty.TheSWATmodelwaslinkedwithAMALGAMoptimizertoderiveatanoptimalcroppingpatternforthewatershed.Fivesetsoflanduseoptimizationswereconductedconsideringthefivesetsofparametervalues,andtheeffectsofparameteruncertaintyonoptimizationresultswerequantified.Thepreliminaryresultsshowedthatthesimulationoptimizationresultshadsomelevelofuncertaintythatneededtobeincludedinmakinglandusedecisionsforbioenergycropproduction.KeywordsParameterUncertainty,optimallanduseplanning,bionenergyproduction,AMALGAM,SCEM

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Reducing equifinality in semi-distributed models by using spatial wetnessinformation and reducing complexity in the SWAT-Hillslope modelLinhHoang ,ElliotSchneiderman ,TammoSteenhuis ,SoniPradhanang ,KarenMoore ,EmmetOwens1. HunterCollege,CityUniversityofNewYorkandNYCDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. NewYorkCityDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.3. DepartmentofBiologicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,CornellUniversity.4. DepartmentofGeosciences,UniversityofRhodeIsland.5. NewYorkCityDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.6. NewYorkCityDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.

AbstractEstimatingmodelparametersinsimulationmodelscanbeproblematicbecauseofthenon-linearityandinterdependenceoftheparametersetssincechangesofsomeparametersmightbecompensatedbyothers.Itisnotuncommonwhencalibratingdistributedhydrologicalmodelsagainstdischargeatthebasinoutlettofindmultipleparametervectorswithreasonablygoodperformance.Thisisknownasequifinalitywhichcontributestouncertaintyofmodelpredictions.Equifinalityforsemi-distributedhydrologicalmodelsmaybereducedbyemployingconceptuallyappropriatemodels,calibratingwithbothspatialandtemporalobservations,andbyreducingcomplexity.WewillapplyourconceptualmodeltotheCatskillMountains(NewYorkState)wheresubsurfaceconnectivitydeterminesthewettingpatterninthelandscape.ThemodelusedisSWAT-Hillslope,amodifiedversionofSWATthatincorporatestopographiccharacteristicsinHydrologicalResponseUnit(HRU)definitionandintroducesaperchedwatertablewiththeabilitytorouteinterflowfrom“dryer”to“wetter”HRUwetnessclasses.CalibrationofdischargeattheoutletofthewatershedwithSWAT-HillslopewascarriedoutbyrandomlygeneratingalargenumberofparametersetsusingtheMonteCarlosamplingmethod.ThepreliminaryresultshowsthatSWAT-HillslopecouldpredictdischargewellwithNash-SutcliffeEfficiencyofmorethan0.6and0.8fordailyandmonthlytimesteps,respectively,andwasnotaffectedsignificantlybyreducingtheHRUnumber.Asexpected,multipleparametersetscouldbeidentifiedthatperformedequallywellinpredictingoutletdischargeinthecalibrationperiod,butresultedindiverseperformancesinthevalidationperiod.Constrainingtheparametersfurtherwithavailablespatialinformationonmoisturecontentsandlocationofsaturatedsoilsreducesequifinality.Weexpectimprovedmodelperformancebyadjustingthemodelstructuretobetterrepresentthelandscapeandbyreducingcomplexityandequifinality.KeywordsEquifinality,Modelcomplexity,SWAT-Hillslope,Uncertainty

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Modeling Irrigation Systems in Semi-Arid Regions: Current Status andEmerging Needs for SWATRyanT.Bailey ,TimothyK.Gates ,MilesDaly1. Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,UnitedStates.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,UnitedStates.3. Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,UnitedStates.

AbstractMajorhydrologicandenvironmentalissuesfacedinirrigatedstream-aquifersystemsinsemi-aridclimateregionsincluderisingwatertables,nutrientleachingtothewatertable,mobilizationoftracemetalsfromoutcroppedandbedrockgeologicmaterial,andloadingofsalinity,nutrients,andtracemetalsfromtheaquifertosurfacewaterviadiffusegroundwaterdischargeandtiledrains.Risingwatertablesinducewaterloggingandsoilsalinization,whichinturndecreasecropyieldand,ifleftunchecked,eventuallyrenderthesoilunusable.ThispresentationhighlightstheseissueswithreferencetopreviousandongoingresearchprojectsintheLowerArkansasRiverValley(LARV)insoutheasternColoradoandSouthPlatteRiverBasin(SPRB)innortheasternColorado,andoutlinesneededmodelingcapabilitiesoftheSWATmodelifitistobeusedeffectivelyintheseandsimilarriverbasins.Specificcapabilitiesincludesimulatingshallowandtemporally-dynamicwatertableelevation,simulatingflowandsolutetransportthroughtiledrainagenetworks,representationofirrigationpumpsthroughouttheaquifer,groundwaterflowtosurfacewaterbodies,andspatially-dependentloadingofsalinityandotherchemicalspeciesfromtheaquifertothestreamnetwork.Ofutmostimportantistheabilitytosimulatethefateandtransportofsaltionsthroughthelandsurface–soil–aquifer–streamcontinuum.

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Session F1: Bioenergy Applications for the U.S. Corn Belt Region

Simulating establishment period of perennial bioenergy grasses in theSWAT modelFengQingyu ,IndrajeetChaubey ,CibinRaj ,BernardEngel ,KPSudheer ,JeffreyVolenec1. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniveristy.2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.3. Post-doctoralresearchassociate,PurdueUniveristy-.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniveristy.5. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..6. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniveristy.

AbstractPerennialbioenergygrasses,suchasswitchgrassandMiscanthusareconsideredtobeimportantcellulosicbiofeedstocksources.However,thesegrassesrequiremultipleyearstofullyestablishbeforetheirfullbiomassproductionpotentialcanberealized.Anunderstandingofgrowthprocessesforthesecropsarelimitedresultinginageneralignoranceofhydrologic/waterqualityimpactsduringtheestablishmentperiodusingcropgrowthmodels.Thisstudyevaluatedthelengthofestablishmentperiodandthetrendsofbiomass,LeafAreaIndexandbiomasspartitioningratiotoaboveandbelowgroundbiomassduringtheestablishmentperiodofthetwoperennialgrasses.TheidentifiedtrendswerethenincorporatedintotheSoilandWaterAssessmentToolmodeltoimprovethemodel’scapabilitytoaccuratelyrepresenttheirgrowthprocessandevaluatethehydrologicandwaterqualityimpacts.Basedonyielddata,averageyieldthatestablishedgrassesareexpectedtoproducewasrecommendedtobeusedasayieldthreshold(10Mg/haforuplandswitchgrass,15Mg/haforlowlandswitchgrassandMiscanthusinEurope,and20Mg/haforMiscanthusintheU.S.)fordetermininglengthofestablishmentperiod.Basedontheseyieldthreshold,establishmentperiodsofswitchgrasswere2to3yearsforbothuplandandlowlandswitchgrass.EstablishmentperiodsofMiscanthuswere2to4yearsintheUSand3to6yearsintheEurope.ModifiedSWATmodelprovidedanacceptablesimulationofyielddatatrendsat4differentsites.Evapotranspirationtendedtobesmaller,increasingsurfacerunoffandwateryieldduringtheestablishmentperiodthantheestablishedperiod.Soilerosionandnutrientlosswillalsobehigherduetosmallerbiomassproductionandpoorlandsurfaceprotection,especiallyduringthefirstyear.

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How do climate change and bioenergy crop production affect watershedsustainabilityIndrajeetChaubey ,RajCibin ,SylvieBrouder ,LauraCBowling ,KeithCherkauer ,JaneFrankenberger ,ReubenRGoforth ,BenjaminMGramig ,JeffVolenec1. Professor,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..3. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.4. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.5. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..6. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..7. DepartmentofForestry&NaturalResources,PurdueUniversity..8. AgriculturalEconomics,PurdueUniversity.9. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractSustainabilityanalysesofplausiblelandusescenariosarecriticalinmakingwatershed-scaledecisions.InUSA,Bioenergy-drivenlanduse/landmanagementchangesraiseconcernoverpotentialenvironmentalimpacts,bothintermsofwateravailabilityandwaterquality.Thesepotentialimpactsmaybeexacerbatedbyclimatevariabilityandchange.Theoverallgoalofthisstudywastoassessenvironmental,economicandbiodiversitysustainabilityofplausiblebioenergyfeedstockproductionandclimatechangescenarios.ThestudyconsideredfourteensustainabilityindicatorsundernineclimatechangescenariosfromWorldClimateResearchProgramme's(WCRP's)CoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase3(CMIP3).TheSWATmodelwasusedtosimulateperennialbioenergycropssuchasMiscanthusandswitchgrass,andcornstoverremovalatvariousremovalratesandtheirpotentialimpactsonhydrologyandwaterquality.AquaticbiodiversitywasestimatedusingSpeciesDistributionModels(SDMs)developedtoevaluatestreamfishresponsetohydrologyandwaterqualitychanges.Thewatershed-scalesustainabilityanalysiswasdoneintheSt.JosephRiverwatershedtheWildcatCreekwatershed,locatedintheMidwestUSA.Theresultsindicateimprovedsustainabilityindicatorscorrespondingtowateravailabilityandquality.Biodiversityindicesalsoindicatedimprovedfishdistributionwithperennialenergycroppingsystemscomparedtoconventionalcroppingsystems(maize-soybean).Waterqualitybenefitsduetolandusechangeweregenerallygreaterthantheeffectsofclimatechange/variability.KeywordsSustainablebioenergyproduction,climatechange,landusechange,bioenergy

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Assessment of Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios for the Boone RiverWatershed in North Central Iowa, United StatesPhilipGassman ,AdrianaValcu ,CatherineKling ,YiannisPanagopoulos ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,JeffArnold ,CalvinWolter ,KeithSchilling1. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,50011-1070,UnitedStates.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.3. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.4. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.5. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.6. DepartmentofEarthAtmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.7. USDA-ARS,Grassland,SoilandWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,TX,USA.8. IowaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DesMoines,Iowa.9. DepartmentofEarth&EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofIowa,IowaCity,Iowa.

AbstractTheBooneRiverWatershed(BRW)isanintensivelycroppedregiondominatedbycornandsoybeanproductionthatcoversover237,000hainnorthcentralIowa.TheBRWisreflectiveofbothcurrentIowacroppingtrendsandelevatedlevelsofnutrientpollutioninstreams.Nitratelossesareofparticularconcern,muchofwhichescapesthecroplandviasubsurfacetilesthatdrainthepredominantlyflatlandscapesthatcharacterizethewatershed.PhosphorusexporttostreamsystemsintheBRWisalsoaproblemofconsiderableconcern.QuestionshaveemergedastothepossibleimpactsofadoptingcellulosicbiofuelproductionsystemsinIowawatershedssuchastheBRW,whichwouldbedevelopedasfunctionofcornstoverremovedafterharvestorviatheintroductionofperennialbiofuelcropssuchasswitchgrassandmiscanthus.Inresponse,amodelingsystembeenconstructedforthewatershedusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modeltoaddressbiofuel-relatedwaterqualityandrelatedissues.ThespecificversionofSWAT(SWATversion2012;Release615)thatisbeingusedinthestudyfeaturesrecentmodificationsmadetothesourcecodethatcorrectedinaccuraciesinpreviouscodesinregardstosimulatingremovalofcornstoverandalsothegrowthofswitchgrassandmiscanthus.Inaddition,updatedcropgrowthparametersthatmoreaccuratelyrepresentthebiomassproductionpotentialofswitchgrassandmiscanthusvarietiesbeinggrownintheU.S.CornBeltregionarebeingusedinthisSWATmodelingsystem.Theresultsofseveralscenariosarereportedherethatreflectfuturecellulosicbiofuelscenariosbasedon20%,30%or50%removallevelsofcornstoverorwidespreadadoptionofswitchgrassand/ormiscanthusacrosspartsoralloftheBRW.Bothhydrologicandpollutantloss(sediment,nitrogenandphosphorus)lossesarereportedforallofthesimulatedscenarios.KeywordsCroppingsystems,corn,switchgrass,miscanthus,stoverremoval,SWAT,nutrientpollution,tiledrainage

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Assessment of Large-Scale Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios for the UpperMississippi and Ohio-Tennessee River BasinsYiannisPanagopoulos ,PhilipGassman ,CatherineKling ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,JeffArnold1. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,50011-1070,UnitedStates.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.3. CenterforAgriculturalandRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,USA.4. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.5. DepartmentofEarthAtmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA.6. USDA-ARS,Grassland,SoilandWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,TX,USA.

AbstractTheintenselyrow-croppedUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB)andOhio-TennesseeRiverBasin(OTRB)formtheCornBeltRegionintheMidwesternUS,which,accordingtotheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,isconsideredthekeycontributingareaofnutrientpollutiontowaters,responsiblefortheNorthernGulfofMexicohypoxiczone.Ontheotherhand,thisareaistraditionallyofutmostimportancefortheagriculturaleconomyofthecountryandpromisingforitsfuturecellulosicbio-economy.Thus,thereisanurgentneedtoexplorehowfuturebiofuelproductioninthisareacancoexistwithahealthywaterenvironmentdownstream.Tothisend,weusedanintegratedmodelingsystemoftheCornBelt,alreadyconstructedwithSWAT(SWATversion2012;Release615)basedona12-digithydrologicunitor‘subwatershed’delineation.Asastartingpointonanextensivescenariotestingintheareawiththislarge-scalehydrologicmodel,threecellulosicbiofuelscenariosaretested:a)50%cornstoverremovalfromallthecorn-soybeanandcontinuouscornlandwithslopes<2%,b)theSwitchgrassShawneegrowthtoallcroplandwithslopes>2%andtoallpasturelandandc)thecultivationofMiscanthustoallcroplandwithslopes>2%andtoallpasturelandaswell.Themodelisexecutedforarecent20-yperiodandtheresultsareevaluatedbasedonSWAToutputsonanannualbasis.Hydrologyisnotpracticallyinfluencedcomparedtothebaseline,however,sedimentsfromHRUsenteringstreamshavebeensignificantlyreducedunderthegrowthofbothperennialcropsbutnotunderthestoverremovalscenario,whichcausedanexpectedslightsedimentincrease.AsimilaroutputisproducedforP,whichisstronglyconnectedwithsedimentsinSWAT.Ontheotherhand,allscenariosresultedinreducedNlossestostreamsandriverswhicharereflectedtoaconsiderablyreducedNloadintheMississippiriverdownstream.CropandbiomassyieldswerealsoestimatedacrossthelandscapeandbasedontheupdatedSWATgrowthroutinesforperennialstheyareverypromisingforbiofuelproduction.ItisbelievedthatSWATwaterqualityandyieldestimationspresentedhereinalongwithadetailedeconomicassessmentofchangingthelandscapetoperennialbiofuelcropsand/ormanagingcollectedstovercanguidepolicymakerstowardsasustainablebiofuelproductionplanacrosstheCornBelt.KeywordsBiofuelscenarios;Croppingsystems;Largescale;OTRB;SWAT;UMRB.

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Session F2: Hydrology

Enhancing Prediction Accuracy in the Bagmati River Flood ForecastingModel on MIKE11 Platform in IndiaPoonamPrasad ,SanjayKumarSrivastava ,NarendraKumarTiwary ,PadmaKantSharan1. ResearchScholar,Deptt.ofMaths&ComputerScience,B.r.a.biharUniversity,Muzaffarpur,Bihar,India.2. Reader,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute,Patna,Bihar,India.3. ReaserchScholar,CivilEngg.Department,I.I.T.,Delhi,India.4. Prof.&FormerH.o.d.,Dept.ofMathsandComputerScience,B.r.a.BiharUniversity,Muzaffarpur,Bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractTheIndoGangeticPlainsarealmosteveryyearvisitedbyfloodsduringthemonsoonseasonwhenitrainsheavilyontheloftyHimalayasandthefastdepletingwoodlandsinthevalleycommonlyknownastheTerai.TheriversthatoriginatefromNepal,TibetandChinaontheHimalayasareperennialbecausethesnowlinecontinuestomeltduringsummerseasonwiththewintersbeingseasonsofleanflow.Theyflowsouthwardsformingthethreemajordrainagesystem-theIndusdrainingintotheArabianSea,theGangesdrainingintotheBayofBengalandtheBrahmputradrainingintotheBayofBengal.TheRiverBagmatioriginatesinNepalandpassesthroughitscapitalKathmanduandentersIndianearDhengandflowsoutheasterlytooutfallinRiverKosi,amajortributaryofGangesSystem.TraditionallyithasbeenknownastheSorrowofthenorthernStateofBihar.Itisknowntohavedestroyedthousandsoflivessincetimeimmemorial.ItwasonlyduringtheBritishruleinIndiathatasincereeffortwasmadetotametheriverbyreducingthefuryoffloodswiththeconstructionofparallelembankments,constructionofbridges,raisingthecanalsystembyconstructionofweirschemesandbarragetodivertthefloodsforirrigationpurposes.ThisreducedthelossoflifeanddamagestopropertytosomeextentinthefloodplainsofNorthBihar.AchainoffloodgaugestationsweresetupduringtheBritishperiodandsystemofmeteringtheRiverBagmatistarted.ThetrendwasfurtherfollowedafterIndependencewithanumberofraingaugestationshavingbeensetupinNepalandIndiainthecatchmentareaoftheRiverBagmatiwiththeintentofforecastingthefloodsmanuallysoastogiveenoughleadtimeforpreparationtotacklefloodsituationandtoreducethelossoflifeandpropertiesatBiharinIndia.TheWaterResourcesDepartment(WRD)oftheGovernmentofBihar(GoB)althoughmakessincereeffortsinobtainingthedischargeandrainfalldataasquicklyaspossiblethroughthediplomaticchannelyetitleavestheWRDfloodmanagerswithhardly24hoursofleadtimetotacklefloodsinthefloodplainsofRiverBagmatiinBihar.TherewasapressingneedtoenhancetheleadtimeandaconsensusevolvedintheWRDtoautomatetheBagmatiFloodForecastbyclinchingthelatestadvancesinthefieldofInformationTechnologyandMultimediabymodelingtheBagmatifloodscenarioonacomputersystemusingsimulationtoautomaticallygeneratethefloodforecastwithatleast3daysofleadtimewithmorethan95%accuracy.DennishHydraulicInstitute(DHI)’sMIKE11PlatformqualifiedasthenaturalchoicebecauseithadalreadymodeledtheBagmatiintheNepalportionandhasalsobeenactivelyinvolvedinmodelingtheBrahmaputraRiverinotherIndianstatesaswellasinBangladesh.Itsattractiveinterfacesreflectingtheeleganceofitspresentationlogiccoupledwithanequallyefficientalgorithmbasedrobustbusinesslogicbearsanedgeovertheothermodelingsoftware.Ithasbeendevelopedoverthe.netframeworkthatsupportsMicrosoft’sWindowsOperatingSystemandisuserfriendly,secureaswellasbeingnetworkcompatible.MIKEplatformscanreaddatafromExcelfilesandpresentsvariousgraphicsandtablesastheoutput.Itcanhandlevoluminousinputdata,canprocessthemataveryfastrateandcanpresentoutputinthedesiredformat.Thepaperdescribestheprevalentsystemofmanualflooddatagathering

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fromvariousgaugesitesinIndiabyCentralWaterCommission(CWC)andWRDonBagmatianditstributariesandhowtheyarecompiledbyWRDforanonwardtransmissiontofloodmanagers,disastermanagersandotherstakeholdersforfurtheractions.ThemanualsystemisbasedonvariousempiricalformulathatdeterminethehydrologyoftheBagmatiAdhwaragroupofriversaswellasIndiaMeteorologicalDepartment(IMD)rainfallforecastdataforthebasinandanexaminationoftheaccuracyinmanualfloodforecastonaparticulargaugesiteatBenibadonMuzaffarpurDarbhagafourlanehighwayforthefloodseasonof2013wasfoundtobe94.9%.Howevermostofthemanualfloodforecastaccuracyisfoundinthenormalrangeof85%to90%.ThisstudytriestolookintotheproblemsoflowaccuracyinautomatedfloodforecastthatiscommoninrecentlyintroducedRealtimefloodforecastinginBagmatiAdhwarariverbasinonMIKE11platformbyWRD.Themodelwasfinetunedbyiteratinganumberoftimeswithhistoricaldatasothattheinputvariableinitializationisfinetunedbyreengineeringsomeoftheoutputasinputvariables.Itwasonlyafter6iterationsonhistoricaldatasetthatthemodelwascalibratedtomeaningfulaccuracy.ThemodelwasfurtherimprovedbydividingtheriverintosevenreacheshavingdifferentManning’sNvaluesascomparedtothetraditionalthreereacheswithdifferentNvalues.ThusbyplayingwiththeManning’sNvaluesandrunninganumberofiterationstheautomatedfloodforecastpredictionaccuracywasenhancedtoaround97.7%onthesamedatasetasusedinmanualfloodforecasting,asignificantimprovementfromthepresentmanualsysteminBagmatiRiverBasininNorthBihar.ItisexpectedtoyieldevenbetteraccuracyasthemodeliscalibratedwithrealtimedatainfutureastheWRDisintheprocessofinstallingtheRealTimeDataAcquisitionSystem(RTDAS)intheBagmatianditstributaries.KeywordsMIKE11,DHI,WRD,GoB,RTDAS,CWC,MoWR,GoI,Manualfloodforecasting,Automatedfloodforecasting,Floodforecastingaccuracy,GIS,RemoteSensing,ModelingandSimulation.



Using SWAT Module in the Design of Submerged Weir on Narrow RiversHaving High Flood DischargeNarendraKumarTiwary ,MurliDharSingh ,SanjayKumarSrivastava ,GovindPrasad1. Professor,Research,ArpandPim,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.2. Professor,EnvironmentandDrainage,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.3. Reader,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.4. AssistantProfessor,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(walmi),Patna,bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractWeirisadiversionstructurebuiltacrossariverfordiversionofwaterforirrigationpurposes.Forhydraulicdesignofweir,scourdepthisdeterminedusingthedischargeintensityformula.Incaseofnarrowriverswithhighdesigndischarge,thedischargeintensitybecomesverylargeandconsequentlythedepthofsheetpilesbecomehugewhenbasedonconventionalstandardsguidelinesoftheBureauofIndianStandards(BIS).Itmakesthedesignofcutoffeconomicallynotviable.EspeciallywhenthecommandissmalltheB/Cratiobecomesadverse.Moreovercontainingthefloodsbetweentheaffluxembankmentsisnotadvisable.AninnovationwiththeSWATfloodroutingmodulecanbemadeforcalculatingthedischargeintensityandscourdepthandforpassingthemaximumflooddischargesafely.SWATassumeswidthofriverinfloodplainstobe5timesthewidthofriver.Asubmergedweir(Pantit)onriverPunpuninBihar,Indiahasbeendesignedfordepthofsheetpile,whichwasdeterminedusingtheSWATconcepts.Thedepthofsheetpilessodeterminedwasfoundtechno-economicallyfeasible.AccordinglysuitableamendmentsintheBISCodeofPracticefordesignofsubmergedweirarebeingrecommended.

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A Web Based Interface for Distributed Short-Term Pollution PotentialForecast: Coupling SWAT with the Global Forecast System ModelAndrewSommerlot ,MogesBerbero ,DanielFuka ,ZacharyEaston1. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.2. PhD,Candidate,VirginiaTech.3. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.4. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractNon-pointsource(NPS)pollutionfromagriculturalactivityisamajorsourceofsurfacewaterqualityimpairmentintheChesapeakeBayregion.Surfacehydrologyinthisareaishighlyvariableovershorttimeperiodsandcreatesareaswithwidelyfluctuatingspatialandtemporalpollutionpotential.Theinfluenceofthesevariablesourceareas(VSA)isnotcapturedbylong-termquantificationmethodsaimedatinformingagriculturalmanagementdecisionstoreduceNPSpollution.TheF-SWATframeworkhasshownpotentialinprovidingdistributedhydrologicforecastsatthenecessaryspatialandtemporalresolutiontopredictthepollutionpotentialofVSAs.However,themethodsaimedatdeliveringthisinformationtousersisnotaccessiblewhenlimitedtosoftwareandtechnologythatrequirestimeandtrainingtouse.Aprototypeofaweb-basedinterfacedisplayingdistributedhydrologicforecastsisintroducedinthisstudy.Thegoalofthisinterfaceittoprovideeasilyaccessible,real-timepollutionpotentialforecastmapsthatprovideusersameanstoavoidhigh-riskareaswhenplanningagriculturalpractices.Theprototypeforecastsystemconsistsoftwomajorcomponents:thefrontandbackend.Thefrontendoftheforecastsystemcomposestheweb-baseduserinterfacetodisplaytheforecastmaps.Thebackendofthesystemautomaticallycollectsweatherforecastsinrealtimeandcomputessurfacehydrologyoutputrastersusingdistributedwatershedmodeling.WebbasedtoolsliketheprototypeintroducedinthisstudycouldfillagapintheefforttominimizeNPSpollutionfromagriculturallands.

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Stream flow Responses to distributed inputs of soil and land use under achanging climate: SWAT model reconceptualization.GebiawTeshomeAyele ,SolomonSeyoumDemissie ,JaehakJeong ,SeifuAdmassuTilahun1. Lecturer:BahirDarUniversityDepartmentofhyrdologyandWaterresources.ResearcheratBlueNileWaterInstitute..Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor.PostdoctoralScholar,UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering..3. BlacklandResearch&ExtensionCenter,TexasA&MAgriLifeResearch,DepartmentofBiologicalandAgriculturalEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity..4. AssistantProfessor(Dr.):Director:CornelBahirDarPhDprogramintheSchoolofCivilandWaterResourceEngineering,BahirDarInstituteofTechnology,BahirDarUniversity,BahirDar,Ethiopia..

AbstractAbstract:Inthisresearch,TheGIS(GeographicInformationSystem)interfaceoperationalmodel,SWAT(soilandWaterAssessmentTool)iscodedandrunfortwoseparatecases;fortheNaturalResourceConservationService’sCurveNumber(CN)methodofrunoffestimationandforthetopographicindexconceptofpredictingandsimulatingthespatio-temporaldynamiclocationsofvariablesourcearea(VSA)dominantlandscapeswithtopographicwetnessindexre-definedHRUs(HydrologicResponseUnit).FiftyyearsLanduse/covermapandcurrentsoilmapoftheareaispreparedwithfieldsoilsurveyandlaboratoryanalysisfor32soilsamplepits,descriptionaugers,and125soilsamplelayers.Fivelanduseclassesandsevensoiltypesareidentifiedandcodedtothemodelasprimaryspace-timedatasetstobetterphysicalconceptualization.Themodelisthencalibratedandvalidatedoverthegaugedlowerreachofthestudywatershed,BatenaandscenarioseriesisdevelopedforfuturelanduseandRCM(RegionalClimateModel)forfutureclimatetoestimaterainfallrun-offresponseinpastandfuturetimestamps.ModelStreamflowpredictionsisbetterwithre-conceptualizationofSWATtoSWAT-VSAthanSWAT-CN[overallNash–Sutcliffeefficiencies(NSE)of0·68and0·54,respectively].TheR (coefficientofdetermination)forthecatchmentvarybetween0.5to0.76(VSA)duringcalibrationand0.55to0.73duringvalidation.Tobetterunderstandtheefffectofspatialydistributedinputsofsoilandlanduseonthestreamflowresponceofthearea;theSWATmodelwasrunwithdifferentscenarios;withFAO-UNESCOcoarsegridresolutionsoilmapandfinescalefieldsurveyedsoilmapwithallthemodeldatainputs.Thehydrographfitbetweentheestimatedandobservedflowseriesisalsoadequatelyrepresented.Keywordsfieldsoilsurvey,curvenumber,variablesourcearea,swatmodel,streamflow,climatechange,FAOcoarsegridsoil.

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Session F3: Model Development

C-SWAT: An Easy Way to Save SWAT Computational Time by ConsolidatingInput FilesHawYen ,MehdiAhmadi ,MichaelWhite ,XiuyingWang ,JeffreyArnold1. AssistantResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralFellow,ColoradoStateUniversity.3. AgriculturalEngineering,USDA-ARS.4. ResearchScientist,TexasA&MUniversity.5. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.

AbstractInthepasttwodecades,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)hasbeenbroadlyappliedontopicsrelatedtogeneralwaterresourcesandenvironmentalengineering.BytheaidofSWAT,scientificallycredibleevaluationscanbeprovidedtoenhancethequalityofrelevantdecisionmakingprocedure.Meanwhile,predictionsofcomplexhydrologicandnutrientprocessescannotbeperformedwithoutrequiringconsiderablylargeamountofinputdata.InSWATapplications,modelinputsarestoredinbothsubbasinandHydrologicResponsesUnits(HRUs)levels.Computationaltimeincreasessubstantiallyalongwiththenumberofinputfileswhichcouldbeamajorconcernonlarge-scalemodelimplementations.Toalleviatethecomputationalburdencausedbyopen/read/closeinputfiles,theConsolidatedSWAT(C-SWAT)wasdevelopedtoaggregatesubbasinandHRUlevelinformationinto13majorfiles.AcasestudyintheLittleWashitaRiverBasin(611km )wasconductedinwhich30%ofcomputationalruntimewasreduced.TheconceptofC-SWATiseasytotransferwhereasfutureuserscanimplementthesamestructureonotherSWATrevisions.KeywordsSWAT;ConsolidatedInputs;Calibration;Parallelprocessing;Shuffledcomplexevolution

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SWAT-GHG: a Mechanistic Greenhouse Gas Sub-model for SWATMogesBerbero ,AndrewSommerlot ,DanielFuka ,MartinDavis ,EmilyBock ,ZacharyEaston1. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.2. PhD,Candidate,VirginiaTech.3. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.4. MSStudent,VirginiaTech.5. PhD,Candidate,VirginiaTech.6. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractTheimpactofclimatechangeandvariabilityonnutrientcyclinginagroecosystems,particularlythenitrogencycle,ishighlyuncertain.Ofparticularinterestistheimpactofclimatechangeongreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromagroecosystems,particularlynitrousoxide(N O,apowerfulGHG),whichiscontrolledbyseveralprocesses;namelysoiltemperature,soilmoistureandsoilcarbonlevelslikelytobeinfluencedbyclimatechange.TodeterminetheimpactofclimatechangeontheseprocessesandtoquantifyN Oemissionatboththefieldandwatershedscales,wedevelopanewmoremechanisticGHGsub-modelforSWAT.Wesynthesizedpreviousresearchtodevelopthenewsub-modeltopredictN Oemissionfromagriculturalwatersheds.Thenewsub-modelincorporatestheabilitytopredictN Oemissions(andimproveN prediction)bycouplingtheCandNcycleswithsoilmoisture,pHandtemperatureinSWAT.Thenewsub-modelinvolvesatwo-partaddition:first,wedevelopedasetofequationstomodelthetotaldenitrificationrate(N +N O)byusingreductionfunctions,andthen,partitionedN fromN Obyusingaratiomethod.ThenewN Osub-modelwastestedusingdatafromtheGRACEnetdatabaseintwolocations;1.CentralPennsylvania,and2EasternKentucky,byparameterizingthemodelwiththeplotlevelmeasurementsofsoilC,N,andpHasinitialconditions.ResultsshowedsignificantcorrelationsbetweenplotlevelmeasurementsofN OfluxandnewSWATmodelN Opredictions.Furthermore,modelresultssuggestthatN OemissionsareparticularlysensitivetopH,soiltemperatureandsoilmoisturelevels.ThisnewGHGmodelcanbeusedtoassesstheimpactsofmanagementpracticessuchastillage,drainagewatermanagement,nutrientmanagementandsoilamendments,inadditiontotheimpactofclimatechangeonN Oemissions.

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TopoSWAT: An ArcPy Toolbox to Improve the Spatial Representation of SoilProperties and Hydrology Using Topographically Derived Initialization

ProcessesZacharyEaston ,AmyCollick ,PeterKleinman ,DarenHarmel ,MogesBerbero ,AndrewSommerlot ,Daniel`Auerbach ,DanielFuka1. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchHydrologistUSDA-ARS,PSWMRU.3. ResearchLeader,USDA-ARSPSWMRU.4. SoilScientist,USDA-ARS.5. GraduateStudent,VirginiaTech.6. GraduateStudent,VirginiaTech.7. PostDocEPA.8. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.AbstractTopographyexertscriticalcontrolsonmanyhydrologic,geomorphologic,andenvironmentalprocesses.Unfortunatelymanywatershedmodelingsystemsusetopographyonlytodefinebasinboundariesandstreamchannelsanddonotexplicitlyaccountforthetopographiccontrolsonprocessessuchassoilgenesis,soilmoisturedistribution,nutrientcyclingandhydrologicalresponse.WedevelopanddemonstrateanArcpytoolboxforArcSWATthatusestopographytospatiallyadjustsoilmorphologicalandsoilhydrologicalattributes[soiltexture,depthtotheC-horizon,saturatedconductivity,bulkdensity,porosity,andthefieldcapacitiesat33kpa(~fieldcapacity)and1500kpa(~wiltingpoint)tensions].Wedemonstratethenewinitializationprocedureandtheensuingimprovedmodelperformanceinthreehydrologicallydissimilarwatersheds:oneintheheavilyglaciatednortheastUS,whichexhibitsclassicvariablesourcearea(VSA)hydrologicresponses;oneintheMid-AtlanticUS,whichhasbothVSAandHortonianhydrology;andoneinTexas,whichdisplaysclassicHortonianhydrology.Thetopographicallyderivedinitializationprocedureexhibitedsignificantcorrelationswithdistributed(fieldlevel)measurementsofsoilmoisture,runoffgenerationandsoilproperties,andimprovedestimatesofbaseflow.This,inturn,resultedinimprovedpredictionsoffieldlevelcontaminanttransport,particularlyforphosphorus.Theseresultsindicatethatadjustingmodelparametersbasedontopography(usingaprioridistributions)canresultinmoreaccuratesoilcharacterizationand,inimprovemodelperformanceatthefieldscale.

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TauRkSWAT: An Operating System Independent SWAT Model WatershedInitialization InterfaceDanielFuka ,DanielAuerbach ,BrianBucahanan ,AmyCollick ,PeterKleinman ,MogesBerbero ,AndrewSommerlot ,ZacharyEaston1. PostDoc,VirginiaTech.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostDoc,EPA.3. PostDoc,CornellUniversity.4. Hydrologist,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.5. ResearchLeader,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.6. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.7. PhDCandidate,VirginiaTech.8. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTech.

AbstractGISbasedinterfaces,predominantlylimitedtoMicrosoftWindowsplatforms(e.g.,ArcSWAT,MWSWATandQSWAT),ormorecomplexUnix/Linuxbasedinterfaces(e.g.,GRASS),havebeencreatedtoperformwatershedinitializations.Noneoftheseinterfacesqualifyasoperatingsystemindependentandsimpletoinstallanduse.Thus,thereisgrowingdemandforsimpler(andopensource)approachestoinitializeSWAT,especiallysincewatershedmodelingprojectsareincreasinglyneededinscientificfieldsthathavelessgeoprocessingexperience.TauRkSWATisanewwatershedinitializationinterfaceprojectfortheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)model.TauRkSWATisoperatingsystemindependent,topographicallyinformed,andisdirectlyintegratedintothepowerfulR(geo)statistallanguage,withsinglecommandlineinstallationusingthecentralizedCRANrepositoriesonanycomputerwithRandGDALprogramsinstalled.AnaddedbenefitofTauRkSWATisthatitiseasilycoupledwithpowerfulRoptimizationroutines(e.g,DE-Optim),statisticalanalysislibraries,andplottingfunctionality.TauRkSWATintegratesthebenefitsofthestandardinitializationsoftwarewiththegrowingRcommunity,thusfurtherreducingthebarrierstoemployingtheSWATmodelacrossanever-growingnumberofscientificfields.

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Session G1: Poster

Twentieth century agricultural drainage creates more erosive riversShawnSchottler ,JasonUlrich ,PatrickBelmont ,RichardMoore ,J.WesleyLauer ,DanielEngstrom ,JamesAlmendinger1. Seniorscientist,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchAssociate,Dept.ofBiosystemsandBioproducts,Univ.ofMinnesota.3. Dept.ofWatershedScience,UtahStateUniv..4. WaterResroucesCenter,MinnesotaStateUniv..5. Dept.ofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,SeattleUniv..6. Directory,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.7. Seniorscientist,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.AbstractRiversinwatershedsdominatedbyagriculturethroughouttheUSareimpairedbyexcesssediment,asignificantportionofwhichcomesfromnon-field,near-channelsources.Bothland-useandclimatehavebeenimplicatedinalteringriverflowsandtherebyincreasingstream-channelerosionandsedimentloading.Inthewetland-richlandscapesoftheupperMississippibasin,twentiethcenturycropconversionshaveleadtoanintensificationofartificialdrainage,whichisnowacriticalcomponentofmodernagriculture.Atthesametime,muchoftheregionhasexperiencedincreasedannualrainfall.Uncertaintyinseparatingthesedriversofstreamflowfuelsdebatebetweenagriculturalandenvironmentalinterestsonresponsibilityandsolutionsforexcessriverinesediment.Todisentangletheeffectsofclimateandland-usewecomparedchangesinprecipitation,cropconversions,andextentofdraineddepressionalareain21Minnesotawatershedsoverthepast70years.Watershedswithlargeland-usechangeshadincreasesinseasonalandannualwateryieldsof>50%since1940.Onaverage,changesinprecipitationandcropevapotranspirationexplainedlessthanone-halfoftheincrease,withtheremainderhighlycorrelatedwithartificialdrainageandlossofdepressionalareas.Riverswithincreasedflowhaveexperiencedchannelwideningof10-40%highlightingasourceofsedimentseldomaddressedbyagriculturalbestmanagementpractices.

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Session G1: Poster

Modeling Corn Crop Yields in High Water Table Conditions using SWATModelRohithGali ,StephanieHerbstritt ,CarolineWade,DanPerkins1. ProjectEngineer.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. StaffEngineer.3. HydrologistandManager.

AbstractAdequatesoilwaterisessentialforplantgrowthandnutrienttransporttoplants,butexcesssoilwaterinrootzonehasbeenshowntoaffectcropyields.Subsurfacetiledrainagesystemsaretypicallyimplementedinpoorlydrainedsoilstoremoveexcesswaterintherootzoneandtoimprovetrafficabilityandcropyield.SubsurfacetiledrainsareawidespreadpracticeinMidwestU.S.,transformingpoorlydrainedsoilsunsuitableforagriculturalproductionintohighlyproductivefarmlands.Highintensity,shortdurationrainfalleventsonpoorlydrainedsoilsresultsinhighwatertableconditionsortemporaryfloodingevenwithsubsurfacetiledrainsystem.Thisexcesssoilwaterforprolongedperiodscanresultinreducedcropyields,especiallyforcorn.ThisstudyfocusesonmodelingcropyieldsintheMidwesternpoorlydrainedsoilsunderhighwatertableconditionsusingSWATmodel.HighintensityspringrainfalleventsincentralILin2015duringearlyvegetativestageofcropcanhavesevereimpactonannualcropyield.Studieshaveidentifiedexcesssoilwatereffectsatvariousstagesofcorngrowthonyieldsusinga30-daysoilexcesswater(SEW )stressfactoranddevelopedregressionequationsforrelativeyieldforcorn.CurrentSWATroutinesdoesn’tsimulatenegativeeffectsofhighwatertablesoncropyield;therefore,amethodology/algorithmneedstobedevelopedformodelingcropgrowthunderhighwatertableconditions.Thisprojectfocusesonamethodtotracksoilwatertable,aerationstress,cropstagesofdevelopment,andSEW stressfactorstomodeltheoverallcropyieldinhighwatertableconditionsinSWATmodel.Keywordscropyields.SWAT,watertable,tiledrain

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Session G1: Poster

Evaluating Water Quality Impact of Grassland EstablishmentJiyeongHong ,LaurentAhiablame ,KyoungJaeLim1. MSstudent,DepartmentofAgriculturalEngineering,SouthDakotaStateUniversity,Brookings.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofAgriculturalEngineering,SouthDakotaStateUniversity,Brookings.3. Professor,DepartmentofRegionalInfrastructureEngineering,KangwonNationalUniversity,Chuncheon,SouthKorea.AbstractGrasslandisavaluablenaturalresourcewithmanyenvironmentalbenefitssuchasreducingsoilerosion,increasingcarbonsequestration,providingwildlifehabitat,andimprovingwaterquality.ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatewaterqualityimplicationsofgrasslandestablishmentinagrassdominatedwatershedinSouthDakota.Thespecificobjectivesareto(1)quantifytheimpactsoftimevariantgrasslandchangeonwaterquality;and(2)determinetheoptimumlocationofgrasslandestablishmentforwaterqualityconservationinawatershed.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)willbeusedtoevaluate“whatis”scenariosforsediment,NO ,andTP,aswellashydrology(e.g.runoff,ET,soilmoisture,andwateryield),intheBadRiverwatershednearFortPierre,SouthDakota.Thewatershedhasmorethan80%ofgrasslandand14%ofagriculturallanduse.Keywordslandmanagement,modeling,SWAT,SouthDakota

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Session G1: Poster

SWAT Evaluation for Best Management Practices in Highland AgriculturalCatchment of South KoreaSunSookJang ,SoRaAhn ,ChungGilJung ,JiWanLee ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.5. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThisstudyistoevaluatethenonpointsource(NPS)pollutiondischargesfromHaeanhighlandagriculturalcatchment(62.8km2)usingSWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool).ThecatchmentisoneoftheseveralsmallcatchmentswithinSoyangwatershedandnowexportssomeoftheworldhighestrecordedlevelsfortotalnitrogen(T-N)andtotalphosphorus(T-P)toSoyanglake.ThehighlevelsofT-Nprovideforhighpotentialalgalthereductionratioofthe30%reductiontothestreamwashigherthanthatofthe10%reductiontothestream.Growth,algalbloomsandeutrophicationinresponsetomonsoon-rain-basedpulsesofT-P.TheSWATwascalibrated(2009~2010)andvalidated(2011)usingdailyobservedstreamflow,sediment,T-N,andT-Pdataatthreelocationsofthecatchment.TheaverageNashandSutcliffemodelefficiencyforstreamflowwas0.69andthedeterminationcoefficientforSS,T-N,andT-Pwere0.73,0.61,and0.78respectively.AsthereductionwaysfortheNPSdischargesfromthewatershed,especiallythebestmanagementpractices(BMPs)offertilizerapplicationcontrolandfilterstripinstallationwerediscussedforsustainableecosystemserviceofhighlandagriculture.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyagrant(14AWMP-B082564-01)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Highlandagriculture,Haeanwatershed,BMPs,Non-pointSourcePollution

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Session G1: Poster

Modeling fate and transport of nutrients from onsite wastewatertreatment systemTewodrosAssefa ,ManojJha ,SushamaPradhan1. GraduateStudent.2. AssistantProfessor.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. EnvironmentalSeniorSpecialist.

AbstractFailingonsitewastewatertreatmentsystems(OWTS)canpotentiallycontributeexcessivenutrientloadingstosurfacewater.Duetothecomplexinteractionofpollutantswithhydro-geo-bioenvironment,itisdifficulttoestimateand/ormonitortheimpactatwatershedscale.Thisstudyusesamodelingapproachtoquantifytheimpactlocally,andscaletheimpacttotheregionallevelforimplicationstostreamwaterquality.Acomprehensivewatershedmodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),capableofsimulatingOWTSbiozoneprocesses,wasappliedtotheLickCreekWatershedinNorthCarolinafortheassessmentandquantificationofOWTS’snutrientcontributiontoFallsLake.Inthiswatershed,about85percentofthehousingunitsusesOWTS.Amodelingsetupwasconstructedusingtopography,landuseandsepticsystem,soilcharacteristicsandclimatedatasets.Modelcalibrationvalidationisbeingconductedusingfieldbaseddataonflowandnutrients,andsurveydataonexistingOWTsystems.Theresultwillassistlocalgovernmentsindecisionmakingfornutrientmanagementstrategies.KeywordsSepticsystems,nutrienttransport,SWATmodeling

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Session G1: Poster

Estimation of Regional Calibration of Hargreaves Equation for ActualEvapotranspiration using SWAT Simulated Results in the Mixed Forest

WatershedChungGilJung ,SoRaAhn ,JiWanLee ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractTheHargreavesequationprovidesreferenceevapotranspiration(ETo)estimateswhenonlyairtemperaturedataareavailable,althoughitrequirespreviouslocalcalibrationforacceptableperformance.ThisequationhasbeenevaluatedinSouthKoreausingdatafrom74meteorologicalstations,comparingdailyestimatesagainstthosefromthePenmanMonteith(PM)equation,whichwasusedasstandard.Thisstudyistoevaluateevapotranspirationmethods(PM,HargreavesandregionalcalibrationofHargreaves)ofSWATmodelbycomparingwiththemeasuredactualevapotranspirationdatainSeolma-cheonwatershed(8.48km2).Byusing2007dailystreamflowatthewatershedoutlet,3monthsdailyevapotranspirationdatameasuredatmixedforest,theSWATmodelwascalibrated.Themodelwasvalidatedwith2008streamflow,evapotranspirationand4years(2003-2006)streamflow.TheaverageNash–Sutcliffemodelefficiencyofstreamflowduringvalidationwas0.76andthecoefficientofdetermination(R2)ofwas0.78.TheregionalcalibrationofHargreaves(AHC)willbecontributedforabetterunderstandingofevapotranspirationanungaugedcatchmentinareaswheremeteorologicalinformationisscarce.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyaGrant(11-TIC06)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Evapotranspiration,Hargreavesequation,Fluxdata

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Session G1: Poster

Simulation of surface runoff and soil erosion in small watersheds inNorthern Ethiopia - application and verification of the SWAT modelAndreasKlik ,RomanSchiffer ,StefanStrohmeier ,FerasZiadat ,RaghvanSrinivasan1. UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciencesVienna(BOKU),Austria.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciencesVienna(BOKU),Austria.3. InternationalCenterforAgriculturalResearchintheDraAreas(ICARDA);Jordan.4. FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),Rome,Italy.5. TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,USA.

AbstractDegradationofarablelandisamajorissueintheEthiopianHighlands.Deforestationleadstoongoingsoilerosionduringtherainyseasonandthusthehydrologyofawatershedchangesashigherosionratesanddensegullynetworkscauseadirectdrainageofrainwaterusableforcropproduction.Theapplicationofhydrologicalmodelscanprovidealinkbetweenlocalwatershedcharacteristicsandthegenerationofrunoffandsedimentlossinthewatershed.Furthermore,theyenabletheimpactassessmentofsoilconservationmeasuresontheseprocesses.ObjectiveofthisstudywastoapplytheSWATmodeltotwosmallagriculturalusedwatershedsinNorthernEthiopiatoassesstheimpactofsoilconservationmeasuresonsurfacerunoffandsoilerosion.Thewatershedsaretwosmallsub-watershedsoftheGumara-Maksegnitwatershed.Theyarelocatedclosetoeachotherwithanareaof31and41ha,respectively.80%oftheareaissteeperthan10%.Inonewatershedsoilconservationmeasures(stonebundsandtrenches)wereimplementedin2011whereastheotherwatershedisuntreated.Meanannualpreciptationisabout1200mmfromwhich90%rainsbetweenJuneandSeptember.Soiltexturesrangefromclayloamtoclay.Landuseofbothwatershedsissimilarwithappr.70%ofagriculturallandand30%ofgrasslandandopenshrubland.Maincropsgrownaresorghum,teff,fababean,barley,wheatandchickpea.Since2011,anautomaticweatherstationaswellasweirsareinstalledinbothwatershedstomeasurerunoff.Foreacherosiveeventmanualsamplesaretakeninadditiontoaturbiditysensortomonitorsedimentyield.Soilandlandsurveywascarriedouttoderiveasoilmapandadigitalelevationmodel.Asitespecificcroprotationwasassumed.TheSWATmodelcalibrationwasperformedwithmeasureddatafrom2012.Theresultsforrunoffaswellassedimentyieldshowacceptabletosatisfyingperformance.TheNash-Sutcliffeefficiencyforsurfacerunoffis0.54fortheuntreatedand0.24forthetreatedwatershed.KeywordsSWATmodel,Ethiopia,soilerosion,surfacerunoff,watershed

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Session G1: Poster

Assessment of Forest Type and Future Climate Change Impacts onStreamflow in Small CatchmentJiWanLee ,SoRaAhn ,SunSookJang ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThisstudyistoevaluatetheimpactbetweenagriculturalactivityandforestrestorationofpresentagriculturalareasonstreamflowunderthefutureclimatechangescenarios.TheSWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool)wasappliedfora1.17km2typicalsmallcatchmentof83.3%forestareas.Beforeevaluation,theSWATwascalibratedandvalidatedusing2years(2011-2012)and1year(2013)dailystreamflowdataatthecatchmentoutlet.TheaverageNashandSutcliffemodelefficiencyandthedeterminationcoefficientwere0.70and0.57respectively.Theannualstreamflowsbytheforesttypeofconiferous,deciduous,andmixedforestforthewholewatershedshowed13.31,1.50,and2.29mmchangesunderthehistorical30yearssimulation(1976-2005).ByapplyingtheHadGEM3-RARCP(RepresentativeConcentrationPathway)climatechangescenarios,thefuturestreamflowsforconiferous,deciduous,andmixedforestrestorationshowed13.36,3.01,and0.11mmchangesin2040s(2020-2059)RCP4.5scenarioand13.16,4.04,and0.18mmchangesin2080s(2060-2099)RCP8.5scenariorespectively.AcknowledgementsThisresearchwassupportedbyagrant(14AWMP-B082564-01)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsSWAT,Smallcatchment,Foresttype,Landusechange,RCP,ClimateChange

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Session G1: Poster

Comparison of Spatial Evapotranspiration between SEBAL and SWAT byCalibrating with the Eddy Flux measured ETYongGwanLee ,SoRaAhn ,ChungGilJung ,SeongJoonKim1. KonkukUniversity.2. KonkukUniversity.3. KonkukUniversity.4. KonkukUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThepurposeofthispaperistobuildaspatio-temporalevapotranspiration(ET)estimationmodelusingTerraMODISsatelliteimageandbycalibratingwiththefluxtowerETdatafromwatershed.ThefundamentalsofspatialETmodel,SurfaceEnergyBalanceAlgorithmforLand(SEBAL)andSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wereadoptedandmodifiedtoestimatethedailyETofYongdamDamwatershedinSouthKorea.ThedailyNormalizedDistributionVegetationIndex(NDVI),Albedo,andLandSurfaceTemperature(LST)fromMODISandthegroundmeasuredwindspeedandsolarradiationdatawerepreparedfor2years(2012-2013).TheSEBALwascalibratedwiththeforestETmeasuredbyDeokyusanfluxtowerinthestudywatershed.TheSEBALETandSWATETwerecalibratedwithcoefficientofdetermination0.52and0.42,respectively.Duringtheperiod,MeanETofSEBALwas0.91mm/dayrangingfrom0to5.88mm/daywhileSWATETwas0.92mm/dayrangingfrom0to3.60mm/day.TheSEBALsurfaceroughnessfactoraffectedtheoverestimationofET.ThespatialETreflectedthegeographicalcharacteristicsshowingtheEToflowlandareaswashigherthanthehighlandET.AcknowledgementThisresearchwassupportedbyaGrant(11-TIC06)fromAdvancedWaterManagementResearchProgramfundedbyMinistryofLand,InfrastructureandTransportofKoreangovernment.KeywordsFluxTower,SEBAL,SWAT,SpatialEvapotranspiration,TerraMODIS

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Session G1: Poster

Impact of Drought on freshwater provisioning ecosystem services in theUpper Mississippi River BasinPingli ,NinaOmani ,IndrajeetChaubey ,XiaomeiWei1. VisitingScholar,CollegeofWaterResourcesandArchitecturalEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,23WeihuiRoad,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China;DepartmentofEarth,Atmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,550StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA.2. Postdoctor,DepartmentofEarth,Atmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,550StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA.3. Professorandhead,DepartmentofEarth,Atmospheric,andPlanetarySciences,PurdueUniversity,550StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA;DepartmentofAgricultureandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,225SouthUniversityStreet,WestLafayette,Indiana47907,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. Professor,CollegeofWaterResourcesandArchitecturalEngineering,NorthwestA&FUniversity,23WeihuiRoad,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China.

AbstractEcosystemservicesarethebenefitsthathumansderivefromecosystems.Impactedbyclimatechangeandvariability,andlandusemanagement,ecosystemserviceshavebeenalteredglobally.Droughteventscanpotentiallyhaveconsiderableimpactsonecosystemservices.However,impactsofdroughtonecosystemservicesarepoorlyunderstood.InthisstudywequantifyfreshwaterprovisioningecosystemservicesandevaluatetheeffectsofdroughtonfreshwaterprovisioningecosystemservicesintheUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB).Specifically,theannualfreshwaterprovision(FWP)andfreshwaterprovisionindex(FWPI)arequantifiedforeach4digitHUCwatershedbyusinganindex-basedmethod,basedontheoutputsofSWATmodelintheUMRB.ThenthepastdroughteventsinthebasinareanalyzedthroughcalculatingannualStandardPrecipitationIndex(SPI)foreach4digitwatershedusingthehistoricalrainfalldatafrom1950to2014.TheannualSPIandFWPformaindroughtyearsarepredictedundertwoprecipitationchangedscenariosandabaselinescenarioinordertoanalyzetheimpactofdroughtonFWP.TheFWP(FWPI)calculationresultswillhelppeopleinitiallyunderstandaboutthecurrentstatusoffreshwaterprovisioningecosystemservices.DroughtwouldbeanimportantclimatefactoraffectingtheFWP.ThisstudymayprovideinformationthatcanbeusedformakingadvancedlandmanagementdecisionsthatcanprotectthefreshwaterecosystemservicesinUMRB.KeywordsFreshwaterecosystemservices;UpperMississippiRiverBasin;Drought;StandardPrecipitationIndex

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Session G1: Poster

Large scale flood inundation modeling by using SWAT and LISFLOOD-FPZhuLiu ,MohammadAdnanRajib ,VenkateshMerwade ,LiuyingDu1. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.2. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.3. AssociateProfessor,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.AbstractFloodinundationmapsplayamajorroleincommunicatingtheriskassociatedwithfloods,andduringfloodreliefandrescueoperations.Creatinganaccuratefloodinundationmapsrequiresthesimulationoftheflowconditionbyusingahydraulicmodel.Duetothelimitedavailabilityofmeasuredflowdatafromsparsestreamflowgauges,itisnotnecessarytocreateahighqualityfloodinundationmapforlargeareaswithouttheuseofawatershedhydrologicmodelinconjunctionwithahydraulicmodel.Alooselycoupledhydrologic-hydraulicmodelingframeworkisdevelopedinthisstudybyusingtheSWAThydrologicalmodelandtheLISFLOOD-FPhydraulicmodelforfloodmodelingintheOhioRiverBasin.First,SWATmodeliscalibratedbyusingselectedUSGSstationswithlonghistoricalrecords,andthenthecalibratedmodelisusedtogeneratestreamflowtimeseriesfortheentirestreamnetworkintheOhioRiverBasin.Next,floodinundationmapfortheentirebasinisgeneratedbyusingonlytheUSGSstreamflowgaugingnetworkandthentheSWATgeneratedstreamflow.ResultsshowthatconnectingSWATwithLISFLOOD-FPenablescreationofgoodqualityfloodinundationmapsforallstreamsincludinglowerorderstreamswithoutanystreamflowgauge.TheresultsarevalidatedthroughcomparisonwithFEMAgeneratedfloodinundationmapsatselectedlocationsinthebasin.KeywordsSWAT,LISFLOOD-FP,floodmodeling

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Session G1: Poster

Quantification of blue, green and grey water in the Limpopo River Basin inSouthern Africa using Earth Observation data and SWAT modelEstherMosase ,LaurentAhiablame ,AdnanRajib1. SouthDakotaStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. SouthDakotaStateUniversity.3. PurdueUniversity.

AbstractAdequatesuppliesofpotablewaterisimportanttosustainagriculture,industryanddomesticuses,particularlyinsemi-aridregionssuchastheLimpopoRiverBasin(LRB),SouthernAfricawherephysicalwaterscarcityisprominent.Effectiveplanningandmanagementofwaterresourcesintheregionarehamperedbyscarcityofdataduetolimitedhydro-meteorologicalstationsthuslimitingsimulationmodellingofwaterresourcesinthewatershed.EarthObservation(EO)datawillbeingested,inlieuofground-baseddata,intotheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)toquantifyavailabilityandchangesinblue,greenandgreywaterfootprintsanddriversforagriculturalanddomesticusesintheLRB.Sincereliablesimulationsareonlypossibleifthehydrologicalmodelissoundlycalibratedandtested,theLRBmodelwillbespatiallycalibratedusingevapotranspiration(ET)datafromMODISandsoilmoisture(SM)fromASMR-Edata.EventhoughcalibrationwithETandSMisselectedduetothelackofreliablestreamflowdatainthewatershed,itisanticipatedthatthisstudywilltestaccuracyofthespatialandmulti-parametercalibrationprocedure.TheoutcomesofthisstudywillnotonlybebeneficialforoperationalandplanningpurposesofwaterresourcesinBotswanaandtheLRB,butwillalsocontinuetodemonstratetheuseofremotelysensedobservationsasviablealternativeinputdataforhydrologicalmodellinginungaugedandpoorlygaugedwatersheds.KeywordsHydrologicmodelling,datascarcity,wateravailability,EarthObservationdata,semi-aridregions,LimpopoRiverBasin

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Session G1: Poster

To bias correct or not to bias correct? Is that really the question?RebeccaMuenich ,MargaretKalcic ,Yu-ChenWang ,DonScavia1. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-doctoralfellow,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.3. Researchassociate,GrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.4. GrahamFamilyProfessorofSustainabilityandDirectoroftheGrahamSustainabilityInstitute,UniversityofMichigan.AbstractUsingfutureclimatedatainSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)analysesisacommonpracticeinthepeer-reviewedliterature.IntegratingprojectedclimatedatadirectlyintoSWAT(andotherwatershedmodels)requiresthemodelertomakemanydecisionsthatcouldimpactthemodeloutputs.Amajorityofwatershedmodelerschoosetobiascorrecttheirclimatedata.However,biascorrectingdatacanaltertheinherentphysicalrelationshipsoftheclimatedataitself,notwithstandingthegreatuncertaintyassociatedwithwhichbiascorrectionmethodtochoose.TherestillremainsthequestionofwhetherornotbiascorrectionisappropriateforincorporatingprojectedclimatedataintoSWAT.Outsideofthedecisiontobiascorrectandwhatmethodtochoose,manyotherdecisionsmustbemadebytheSWATmodelertoevaluatetheimpactoffutureclimateincluding:(1)whichclimatemodelstouse(global,regionalstaticallydownscaled,regionaldynamicallydownscaled),(2)usinggriddedclimatemodeloutputsorregriddingclimatemodeloutputtoexistingclimatestations,(3)generatingsolarradiation,relativehumidity,andwindspeedusingthebuilt-inSWATweathergeneratororusingclimatemodeloutputs,and(4)increasingcarbondioxideconcentrationsinSWATornot.DespitethenumberofstudiesthathaveusedprojectedclimatedatainSWAT,fewstudieshavedemonstratedtheuncertaintyinthemultiplechoicesmadebymodelers.ThepurposeofthisworkistoinvestigatethemostcommonapproachesthatSWATmodelersuse,andtodevelopbestpracticesforintegratingfutureclimatedataintoSWAT.Keywordsclimatechange,biascorrection,SWAT,watershedmodeling

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Session G1: Poster

Developing an in-stream water quality model for improved simulation ofnutrient dynamics in SWATFemeenaPandaraValappil ,IndrajeetChaubey,NicolaFohrer1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)isextensivelyusedforsimulatingstreamflowandnutrienttransportinacatchment.In-streamwaterqualitymodellingisacriticalcomponentofthemodelforevaluatingthefateofnutrientsinstreamsandotherwaterbodies.TheSWATincorporatesamodifiedversionofQUAL2E(steady-statewaterqualitymodel)forsimulatingin-streamnutrientdynamics.ManypublishedstudiesinliteraturereportthatwaterqualitysimulationsinSWATcanhavelargedeviationsfromobserveddata.Thiscanbeattributedmajorlytolackofsufficientmeasureddata,uncertaintyininputdata(concerningagriculturalmanagementpracticesandsoilnutrientstatus)aswellasinaccuratesimulationofnutrienttransportprocesses.Furthermore,studieshavesuggestedaneedforrefiningtheQUAL2EalgorithmsinSWATtobetterrepresentthebiogeochemicalprocessesoccurringwithinthestreams.Thiscanimprovethemodelpredictionsofdownstreamnutrientloadswhichisofamajorconcerninstudiesrelatedtowaterqualitysimulations.Preliminaryresultsofthisstudyprovidesacomprehensiveanalysisofcurrentin-streamnutrienttransportalgorithmsinSWATandbringsforthitslimitationsalongwithsuggestionsforpotentialimprovements.AcasestudyonSt.JosephRiverwatershedwascarriedouttosubstantiatethehypothesisthatasimpleexternalnutrienttransportmodelcanreplacethecurrentin-streammodelinSWATwithoutyieldingsignificantchangesinnutrientloadsatthewatershedoutlet.Infuture,itisproposedtodevelopanewin-streamwaterqualitymodelwithdetailedprocessrepresentationofnutrienttransportinstreams.KielstaucatchmentlocatedinNorthernGermanywillbeusedasstudyareafordatacollectionandmodeldevelopment.Additionally,thestudyenvisagestoincorporatetheproposedmodelintoSWATforenhancedestimationofnutrientloadsatmultipletemporalandspatialscales.KeywordsSWAT;In-streamnutrienttransport;Waterqualitymodel

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Session G1: Poster

Evaluation of SWAT Soil Water Content Model Output and SensitivityGarettPignotti ,CibinRaj ,IndrajeetChaubey ,MelbaCrawford1. GraduateStudent,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralResearcher,PurdueUniversity.3. Professor,PurdueUniversity.4. Professor,PurdueUniversity.AbstractSoilwatercontentisofgreatinterestinarangeofecohydrologicapplicationsgivenitscrucialroleinamultitudeofenergetic,biogeochemical,climatic,andhydrologicprocessesandcycles.Becauseinsituobservationsofsoilwatercontentarelimitedbycostandspatialcoverage,remotelysensedobservations,modelsimulations,orsomecombinationofbothareoftenutilizedinpredictiveanalysisofecohydrologicsystems.Itisthereforecriticaltocapturetheaccuracyandpracticallimitationsofsuchmodelorremotelysensedestimates.Inparticular,soilwaterdynamicsintheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modelhavenotbeenextensivelyevaluatedwithrespecttoaccuracynorinteractionwithothermodelvariablesandgoverningequations.Therefore,theobjectivesofthisresearchseekto:1)compareSWATsimulatedsoilwatercontenttoobservedinsituandremotelysensedmeasurementsand2)evaluateSWATmodelsensitivitytosoilwatercontent.ResearchwasconductedattheLittleRiverExperimentalWatershed(LREW)nearTifton,Georgia,where29soilmoisturestationswithmeasurementsat3depthsareemployed.ASWATmodelwascreated,delineatedbasedonseveralstreamgaugelocationswithinLREW.Remotelysensedsoilmoisturedatawasobtainedfromamulti-sensor,active/passivemergedsoilmoisturedataproductfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sEssentialClimateVariable(ECV)program.SimulatedsoilwatercontenttimeseriesfromtheSWATmodelwascomparedtobothmeasuredobservations.Toevaluatespecificmodelresponsetodynamicsoilwatercontent,bothglobalandlocalsensitivitywasassessedforvariousSWAThydrologic,waterquality,andplantgrowthsubroutinesandoutputswhereresultswereexaminedrelativetolanduseandsoilclassifications.ItisexpectedthatresultsfromthisanalysiswillaidinevaluatingtheaccuracyofSWATsimulatedwatercontentaswellasidentifyingpossibleareasformoretargetedandrigorousmodelevaluationorimprovement.Keywordssensitivity;soilwater

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Session G1: Poster

Adopting an Energy Balance Snowmelt Model in Soil and Water AssessmentTool model (SWAT) for Application in Atlantic CanadaJunyuQi ,ShengLi ,ZishengXing ,CharlesP.-A.Bourque ,Fan-RuiMeng1. PhDStudentatUniversityofNewBrunswick.2. ProfessoratAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.3. ScientistatAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.4. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.5. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractAsimpleenergybalancesnowmeltmodelwasintegratedwiththeSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)andwastestedinasmallagriculturalwatershedinAtlanticCanada.Rain-on-snowinducedsnowmeltwastypicalinmaritimeweatherconditionsandenergybalancesnowmeltmodelwasexpectedtoperformbetterthantemperatureindexmodelduetoitsphysicalconsiderations.Simulationperformancesonflowrateattheoutletofthewatershedwerecomparedbetweenenergybalancemodel(EBM)andtemperatureindexmodel(TIM)withinSWAT.Indefaultscenariowherecalibrationparameterswerenotadjusted,EBMperformedmuchbetterthanTIM.R ,NSandbR valuesofEBMweregreaterthanthoseofTIMbyaverageabout0.19,0.25and0.15,respectivelyfortwoinvestigationperiods(1992-2001and2002-2011).Thus,EBMwasrecommendedinungaugedwatershedswithoutinformationforsnowmeltcalibration.Furthermore,twomodelswerecalibratedin1992-2001periodandvalidatedin2002-2011period.CalibratedEBMstillperformedbetterthancalibratedTIMinbothperiods.R ,NSandbR valuesofEBMweregreaterthanthoseofTIMbyaverageabout0.06,0.07and0.06,respectivelyfortwoperiods.TheimprovementofsnowmeltpredictionaccuracybyEBMoverTIMwasmainlycausebybettersimulationofrain-on-snowevents.TIMseverelyunderestimatedsnowmeltinpre-snowmeltseasonswhensnowmeltmainlyderivedbyrain-on-snowevents.Also,EBMperformedbetterthanorequivalenttoTIMinsnow-meltseasonswhenthemainforceofsnowmeltwassolarradiation.EBMimprovedR by0.12and0.15comparedwithTIMincalibrationandvalidationperiodsonsnowmeltinducedbyrain-on-snowevents,respectively.Inaddition,EBMperformedbetterthanTIMincapturingthesnowdepthvariationinducedbyrain-on-snoweventsatarepresentativeHRUbetweentwomodels.TheresultsofthisstudyvalidatedthattheEBMperformedbetterthanTIMonsnowmeltpredictionespeciallyforrain-on-snowconditions.EBMwasabetteroptionforSWATapplicationinmaritimeareasuchasAtlanticCanada,especiallyinungaugedwatershedsandlong-termsimulationsituations.

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Session G1: Poster

Modifying the Soil Temperature Module in SWAT for Application in AtlanticCanada: Module Development, Validation and Impacts on Watershed

ModellingJunyuQi ,ShengLi ,ZishengXing ,CharlesP.A.Bourque ,Fan-RuiMeng1. PhDStudentatUniversityofNewBrunswick.2. ProfessoratAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.3. ScientistatAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.4. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.5. ProfessoratUniversityofNewBrunswick.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractAccurateestimatesofsoiltemperatureareofparticularimportanceindescribingmanyhydrologicalandbiologicalprocesses.Soil-temperaturepredictionsinthepopularhydrologicalmodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),arelargelyincorrectwhenappliedtoregionswithsignificantsnowcoverinwinter.Inthisstudy,anewphysically-basedformulationofsoiltemperatureisdevelopedasanalternativetotheempiricalsoil-temperaturemodulecurrentlyusedinSWAT.Thephysically-basedformulationsimulatessoiltemperatureindifferentsoillayersasaresultofenergytransferamongsttheatmosphere,snow,andsoillayers.Withthenewsoil-temperatureformulation,theonlyadditionalinputsforthemodifiedSWATarethreenewparameters,whichneedtobecalibrated.BoththeoriginalandmodifiedversionsofSWATaretestedagainstfielddatacollectedfromtheBlackBrookWatershed,asmallwatershedinAtlanticCanada.TheresultsindicatethatbothversionsofSWATareabletoprovideacceptablepredictionsoftemperatureindifferentsoillayersduringthenon-winterperiodoftheyear.However,theoriginalSWATseverelyunderestimatessoiltemperaturesinwinter(withinarangeof-10to-20˚C),whilethenewversionproducesresultsthataremoreconsistentwithfield-basedtemperatures(withinarangeof-2to2˚C).Thenewphysically-basedformulationhasgreatlyimprovedtheabilityofSWATtosimulatesnowcoverandinsulationeffects,whichisessentialtotheapplicationofSWATinareaslikeAtlanticCanada,wherethegroundiscoveredbysnowforanextendedperiodoftimeinwinter.Furthermore,waterdischarges,sedimentandnutrientloadingsestimatedusingthemodifiedSWATwascomparedagainsttheoriginalSWATandfieldmeasurementsforthesamewatershed.TheresultsdemonstratesthatmodifiedSWATenhancesthemodellingaccuraciesonbaseflowdischarge,totaldischarge,sediment,NO -NandSol-Ploadingsinthewatershedbecausethenewsoiltemperaturemoduleimprovessoiltemperaturesimulationaccuracyinwinter.Moreover,thisstudyalsoinvestigatesthedifferencesbetweentheoriginalandmodifiedSWATindeterminingwaterflowpathsandnutrientsfatesinthewatershed.ComparedwiththeoriginalSWAT,themodifiedSWATpredictslesssurfacerunoff,lowersoilmoisturecontentbutmorepercolationandlateralflow,especiallyforthewinterperiod.Similarly,themodifiedSWATpredictslessnitrateloadingwithsurfacerunoffwhilemorenitrateloadingwithlateralflowandpercolationinwinterbutlessinotherseasons.

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3


Session G1: Poster

Bioenergy grass production on marginal lands and hydrologic and waterquality impacts in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB)QingyuFeng ,IndrajeetChaubey ,CibinRaj ,BernardEngel ,KPSudheer ,JeffreyVolenec1. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..3. Post-doctoralresearchassociate,PurdueUniveristy-.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)4. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity..5. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..6. DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniveristy.

AbstractApproximatelyonefourththeUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB)isidentifiedasmarginalland,whichcouldbeanimportantlandresourceforproducingperennialcellulosicbioenergygrasses.However,theseareascouldalsopotentiallycontributedisproportionateamountsofpollutantsaffectingsurfaceandgroundwaterquality.Inrecentstudies,waterqualitybenefitsfromproductionofperennialgrassesisgenerallyacknowledged.However,suitabilityofmarginallandsforbiomassproductionandeffectsofestablishmentperiodonhydrology/waterqualityarenotclear.ThisstudyprovidedacomprehensiveevaluationofhydrologicandwaterqualityimpactsthatpotentiallywouldbebroughtbyproducingswitchgrassandMiscanthusonmarginallandwithintheURMBregion.Theestablishmentperiodsofperennialgrasseswereincludedinthemodelsimulationsandwereconsideredseparatelyfromtheestablishedperiodwhenbiomassisharvested.Marginallandsuitabilityanalysisindicatethatonlyasmallportionoftheoverallmarginallandareaswillbesuitableforbioenergycropproduction.Theexpectedresultsofthisstudyinclude:1)higherwaterrequirementbyperennialgrassesmightreducewateravailabilityintheUMRBregion;2)soilerosionandnutrientlossesfromtheUMRBregionwereexpectedtobereducedgreatly,exceptduringtheestablishmentperiodofperennialgrassesandonmarginallandsthathavepoorsuitabilityforbioenergycropgrowth.

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Session G1: Poster

SWAT model for policy analysis in drought hit CaliforniaNikhilSangwan ,VenkateshMerwade ,KartikAriyur ,SorinMatei ,ValeriaChapman ,NingningKong1. ResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,PurdueUniversity.3. AssistantProfessor,PurdueUniversity.4. AssociateProfessor,PurdueUniversity.5. AssociateProfessor,PurdueUniversity.6. AssistantProfessor,PurdueUniversity.AbstractWithCaliforniaenteringitsfourthyearofarecord-breakingdrought,theregionisexperiencingthestressofwatershortagelikeneverbefore.Alreadyastrainedresourceintheregion,thecurrentdroughthasforcedthelocalpolicymakersandresidentstoadoptausteremeasurestodealwiththelatestlowsinwateravailability.Decisionmakinginsuchpressingscenarioscanbequiteoverwhelmingforthepolicymakers.Thisstudyaimstodeveloptoolsthatincorporatehydrologicandsocialdatatoestablishthefeedbackloopsbetweenthepolicymakingandhumanbehavioralprocesseswiththeobjectivesofsocialequityandsustainability.TheprototypemodelingframeworkisdevelopedbyusingtheSanJoaquinRiverbasininCaliforniaasthestudyarea.Toaccountforthephysicaleffectsofvariouspolicies,aSWATmodelisdevelopedthatincorporatesseveralreservoirsandinterandintra-basinwatertransfersofthishighlymanagedwatershed.ThispresentationwillshowhowSWATmodelcanbeeffectivelyusedforanalyzingvariouspolicymeasuresforanintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementinacomplexwatershed.KeywordsPolicyanalysis;Integratedwaterresourcesmanagement

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Session G1: Poster

Designing Multifunctional Landscapes for Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstockin a Tile-Drained Agricultural WatershedHerbertSsegane ,M.CristinaNegri,YukiHamada1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractBiofuelsareimportantalternativesformeetingourfutureenergyneeds.Successfulbioenergycropproductionrequiresmaintainingenvironmentalsustainabilityandminimumimpactsoncurrentnetannualfood,feed,andfiberproduction.Thereforeplacementofenergycropsonstrategicallyselectedsubfieldareasinanagriculturallandscapehasthepotentialtoincreasetheenvironmentalandeconomicsustainabilityiflocationandchoiceofthecropsresultinimprovedenvironmentalbenefitsandminimaldisruptionofcurrentfoodproduction.Thisstudyidentifiedsubfieldmarginalareasinatile-drainedagriculturalwatershedusingsoil-basedenvironmentalandeconomicsustainabilitycriteriaanddemonstratedtheutilityofremotesensingfordeterminingunder-productiveareas.Weusedanexpandeddefinitionofmarginalsoilstoincludetheircropyieldpotentialandthepotentialforenvironmentalimpactwhenputintoagriculturalproduction.Inthetestwatershed,2.74%ofsoilshadlowcropproductivityindex(CPIareas)while22.2%hadatleasttwomarginalitiesorweresusceptibletonitrateleaching,themajorsurfacewaternutrientimpairmentinthewatershed(marginalareas).AcalibratedSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtoforecasttheimpactofgrowingswitchgrass(Panicumvirgatum),willow(Salixspp.),andbigbluestem(Andropogongerardi)inthesesubfieldCPIandmarginalareas,onannualcornandsoybeanyields,NO -Nandsedimentexports,andwateryield.Conversionofmarginalareastoswitchgrassonaverageincreasedtotalannualcropyields(grain+biomass)from187,893to199,416metrictonswiththeleastimpactonwateryield(3.8%reduction)andthehighestreductioninNO -N(24%)andsediment(57%)export.Onaverage,conversiontowillowshowedthehighestreductioninannualwateryield(19%)withcomparablebutsignificantlydifferentreductionsinNO -Nexport(23%)andsimilarsedimentexport(54%)toswitchgrass.

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Session G1: Poster

Improve simulation of annual crop sensitivity to climate variability in theEastern Corn BeltRuoyuWang ,LauraBowling ,KeithCherkauer1. Ph.Dstudent,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgronomy,PurdueUniversity.3. AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractSoilmoisturehasacomplicatedrelationshipwithcorngrowth.Bothwhenlimitedandoversupplied,waterbringsstressestocorndevelopment.Whenusingmodellingmethodologiestoevaluatecropsensitivitiestoclimatevariability,soilmoistureneedstobewellrepresented.However,itisdifficulttoexecutemoisturecalibrationatthewatershedlevelduetobothdatascarcityandscaleissues.Inthisstudy,weevaluateanapproachtoensurebettermodelmoisturesimulationwithoutrelyingonsoilmoisturecalibration.Themainideaistoregulateannualcropyield,seasonalcropdevelopmentanddailysurfacewaterbudgetsimultaneouslyfortheSt.JosephRiverwatershedintheEasternCornBelt.Hydrologicalparametersarefirstcalibratedtoaddressthenearsurfacewaterbalance.DailystreamflowdatafromthreeU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)stationsinsidethewatershedwillbecomparedwithflowsimulations.Thenamulti-objectivecalibrationapproachisappliedoncropbiophysicalandstressparameterstoensurethesuccessfulrepresentationofannualyield,seasonalcropdevelopmentanddailystreamflow.AnormalizedregionalLeafAreaIndex(LAI)curvehasbeendevelopedforthestudydomainusingavailableLandsatTM5imagesformultipleyears(2000-2010).ThesimulatedmodelLAIcurveisthencomparedwithobserveddatafromLandsatforbothwetanddryyearstoidentifysensitivitiestoclimateextremes.NationalAgriculturalStatisticsService(NASS)countylevelobservedyielddataisusedtoexaminemodelperformanceinpredictingannualyieldandinterannualyieldvariability.Siterecordedsoilmoisturedatawillfinallybecomparedwithsimulatedsoilwatercontenttoevaluateourapproachinrepresentingmoisturewithoutdirectcalibration.Keywordsclimatevariability,cropyield,seasonalcropdevelopment

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Session H1: Climate Change Applications

Climate model biases and statistical downscaling for application inhydrologic modelSagarGautam ,ChristineCostello ,ClaireBaffaut ,QuangA.Phung ,BohumilM.Svoma1. GraduateResearchAssistant,DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.2. AssistantResearchProfessor,DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. ResearchHydrologist,USDA–ARS,CroppingSystemsandWaterQualityResearchUnit,Columbia,MO65211.4. GraduateResearchAssistant,DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.5. AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofSoil,EnvironmentalandAtmosphericSciences,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO65201.

AbstractClimatechangeimpactstudiesuseglobalclimatemodel(GCM)simulationstodefinefuturetemperatureandprecipitation.Thebestavailablebias-correctedGCMoutputwasobtainedfromCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase5(CMIP5).CMIP5data(temperatureandprecipitation)areavailableindailydownscaleddatasetsusingbias-correctionandconstructedanalogsataspatialresolutionof(~12kmby12km).DownscalingtechniquesareusedtoaddressthescalemismatchbetweenCMIP5outputandfinerscaledetailsrequiredforhydrologicmodeling.ThemethodusedtocorrectthebiasinCMIP5datacomparedtoobserveddatasetscanbeasourceofuncertaintyinimpactassessmentstudies.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatetwostatisticaldownscalingmethodstominimizeuncertaintywhenmodelingfutureclimatescenariosinhydrologicalmodels.ThedownscalingmethodsusedincludedeltaandquantilemappingusingobservedweatherdatasetsfromtheGoodwaterCreekExperimentalWatershed(73km ),locatedinAudrainandnortheasternBoonecounties,Missouri.ResultsindicatethattherewaslittlebiasbetweendataovertheobservedrecordandtheCMIP5datainaverageannualprecipitationusingdeltamethod.However,extremeswereunder-representedforalmostalltimesteps(dailymax,monthlymax,yearlymax,andyearlymin).Quantilemappingwasabletoreproducetheextremesandcorrectthebiasinmostcasesfortheprecipitation.Workondownscalingthetemperatureusingquantilemappingisinprogressandresultswillbeincludedinthepresentation.ThesedownscaleddatawillbeusedtodriveSWATsimulationsforthestudywatershedtoevaluatethepotentialforchangesinhydrologygivenfutureclimatescenarios.KeywordsBias,CMIP5,statisticaldownscaling,watershed

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Evaluation of climate and land use changes on hydrologic processes in theSalt River Basin, Missouri, United States.QuangPhung ,AllenThompson ,ClaireBaffaut ,ChristineCostello ,JohnSadler ,AnthonyLupo ,BohumilM.Svoma ,SagarGautam1. GraduateResearchAssistant.2. Professor.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. AdjunctProfessor.4. AssistantResearchProfessor.5. AdjunctProfessor.6. Professor.7. AssistantProfessor.8. GraduateResearchAssistant.

AbstractTheimpactofclimateandlandusechangesonhydrologicprocessesatthewatershedscaleisneededbylandmanagersandpolicymakerstoproperlyassesspotentialadaptationstrategies.WhilenumerousstudieshavebeenconductedonhydrologicprocessesintheMidwest,onlyafewhaveanalyzedthelinkagesbetweenclimateandlandusechanges.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoassessthecombinedimpactsofclimateandlandusechangesonhydrologicprocessesoftheSaltRiverBasin(SRB).Thisbasin,locatedinNortheastMissouri,isadirecttributarytotheMississippiRiver.Totaldrainageareais6,417km attheoutletofMarkTwainLake.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)wasusedtocharacterizehydrologyintheSRBundervaryingfutureclimateandlandusescenarios.Thewatershed'shydrologicprocessesweresimulatedusingstreamflowdataattwoUSGSstationsfrom1970-2060,withmodelcalibrationfrom1970-1999andvalidationfrom2000-2013.Futureclimatedatafrom2014-2060wereobtainedfromDownscaledCMIP5ClimateProjections.Tworepresentativeconcentrationpathways(RCPs),RCP8.5and4.5,wereconsidered.Statisticaldownscalingmethods,includingdeltamethodandquantilemapping,wereusedtofurtherdownscalethesedatatotheclimatestationlevel.Fourlandusescenariosthatprojectincreasesanddecreaseofagriculturallandwerecreated.Combinationsoflanduseandclimatechangesoverarangeofconditionswereexaminedtoindicatepossibleoutcomesusefulforlocalandnationalagencyapplication.

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Quantifying Flood Risk and Sensitivity to Climate Change in the Huron RiverWatershed Using SWATXinXu ,Yu-ChenWang ,MargaretKalcic ,ChingwenCheng ,EthanYang ,RebeccaEsselman1. GraduateStudentattheMarineScienceInstitute,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin.2. ResearchAssociateattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. PostdoctoralFellowattheUniversityofMichiganWaterCenter.4. HerbergerInstituteforDesignandtheArts,ArizonaStateUniversity.5. DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,UniversityofMassachusetts.6. HuronRiverWatershedCouncil.

AbstractTheHuronRiverWatershedislocatedinsoutheasternMichiganandisapproximately2,300km insize,containingabout500,000residentsin65municipalities.Pocketsofurbananddevelopedlandsoccupyone-thirdofthelandcoverandmayhavethepotentialforgreaterriskofflooding,duetoimpervioussurfacesandpopulationdensity.Itisthusofgreatinteresttoidentifytheareasthatmayhavehighfloodriskandgreatersensitivitytofutureclimatechange.Inthisstudy,wecalibratedaSWATmodeltoflowdischargedataunderhistoricalclimateconditions.Thenwequantifiedthatspatialdistributionoffloodingriskusingtwoindices:floodhazardindex,theprobabilitywhenstreamdischargeislargerthanbankfulldischarge,andfloodregulationindex,afunctionofthedurationoffloodevents,averagemagnitudeoffloodevents,andnumberoffloodeventsperyearwithuser-definedweights.Wealsotesteddifferenttemperatureandprecipitationconditionsunderfutureclimatechangescenarios.Bycomparingtheoutputs,weidentifiedthesubbasinswithelevatedriskandgreatersensitivitytoclimatechange.Someofthesesubbasinscoincidewithurbanizedareas.Thefindingscontributetoalargerefforttoevaluateclimatechange-inducedriskandthepotentialimpactsonresidentsintheHuronRiverWatershed.KeywordsFloodinghazard,Climatechange,SWAT

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Session H2: Sediment, Nutrients, and Carbon

Closing the prediction gap between agricultural nutrient losses and riparianzone ecologyTamieVeith ,ClaireRegan,AmyCollick,SusanYetter,MikeNassry1. agriculturalengineer,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractTheecologicalhealthoftheChesapeakeBayisanongoingconcernand,asthemoreobviousanddirectcontributorsaremitigated,focusismovingupstreamtotheagriculturalheadwatersofthebasin.TMDLsandWatershedImplementationPlans(WIPs)havebeendevelopedbyallstatesinthebasintocontrolnonpointsourcepollutionbyapplyingnutrient-andsediment-reducingBestManagementPractices.However,thereisminimalworkconnectingnutrientlossesfromagriculturalfieldstobiologicalstreamquality.Exceptinthecaseofextremeevents,themostdirectconnectionbetweennutrientsandstreamhealthisthehealthconcerntoinfantsfromstreamnitrogenlevelsgreaterthan10ppmandtheincreasedriskofalgalbloomsunderhighlevelsofphosphorus.ThisstudycomparesTopoSWAT-modeledandmonitorednutrientdatawithbiologicalindexscoresandtrends.Correlationsamongvarioussitesandrangesoflandmanagementwillbeanalyzedtoimproveourunderstandingoftheconnectionbetweenagriculturalnutrientlossesandtheecologicalhealthofthereceivingriparianzone.Keywordsagriculturalmanagement,TMDL,environmentalimpact,benthicmacroinvertebrates

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Estimating Nitrate Transport in Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Systems bythe linked SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D ModelXiaoluWei ,RyanBailey ,RosemaryRecords ,MazdakArabi ,TylerWible1. PhDstudent,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.3. PhDstudent,Dept.Geosciences,ColoradoStateUniversity.4. AssociateProfessor,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.5. ResearchAssociate,Dept.Civil-Env.Eng.,ColoradoStateUniversity.

AbstractIntegratedmodelingofsurfaceandsubsurfacehydrologyandsolutetransportisacrucialtoolforassessingtheimpactoflandmanagementpracticesonwateryieldsandagriculturalchemicalfateandtransportinwatershedsystems.Oftheexistingwatershedmodels,theSoilWaterandAssessmentTool(SWAT)hasbeenusedextensivelyforanalysisofwaterresourcesandremediationofnutrientpollutioninwatershedsofvaryingscaleandcomplexity.However,applicationofthemodelislimitedinwatershedswhereinstreamflowisstronglyaffectedbygroundwaterdischarge,duetothesimplisticimplementationofgroundwaterflowandsoluteprocesses.Inthisstudy,therecentlydevelopedSWAT-MODFLOWmodelislinkedwiththegroundwatersolutereactivetransportmodelRT3D(ReactiveTransportin3Dimensions)toprovideamodelthatsimulatesnotonlylandsurfaceandin-streamhydrologic,biological,andnutrientprocesses,butalsoflowandreactivesolutetransportintheaquiferandnutrientmasstransferbetweengroundwaterandsurfacewater.ThesubroutinesusedtotransferdatabetweenSWATHydrologicResponseUnits(HRUs)andthefinitedifferencegridcellsemployedbyMODFLOWandRT3Darepresented,aswellasthepre-processingcoderoutinesrequiredtoformulatethislinkage.AnapplicationoftheSWAT-MODFLOW-RT3DmodeltotheNorthForkoftheSpragueRiverWatershed(759km )insouthernOregon,UnitedStates,ispresented,withbothhydrologic(e.g.,streamandgroundwaterdischarge,andwatertablecomparison)andnutrient(e.g.,in-streamandgroundwaternitrateconcentrations,in-streamnitrateloading)system-responsevariablestestedagainstmeasureddata.Resultsshowthatin-streamnitrateloadingssimulatedbySWAT-MODFLOW-RT3DmatchedwellwiththeobservedfielddataascomparedtotheSWATsimulation.Inaddition,resultsshowthatnitratemassismainlyconcentratedalongtherivercorridorinthewesternregionoftheBasin.KeywordsSWAT-MODFLOW-RT3Dmodel;Nitratetransport

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Improved simulation of edaphic and manure phosphorus loss in SWAT andTopoSWATAmyCollick ,TamieVeith ,DanielFuka ,PeterKleinman ,JenniferWeld ,PeterVadas ,MikeWhite ,R.DarenHarmel ,ZacharyEaston1. ResearchHydrologist,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AgriculturalEngineer,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.3. PostDoctoralResearcher,VirginiaTechUniversity.4. ResearchLeader/SoilScientist,PSWMRU,USDA-ARS.5. GraduateStudent,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity.6. SoilScientist,USDFRC,USDA-ARS.7. AgriculturalEngineer,GSWRL,USDA-ARS.8. SupervisoryAgriculturalEngineer,GSWRL,USDA-ARS.9. AssistantProfessor,VirginiaTechUniversity.

AbstractWatershedmodelssuchastheSoilWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)and(APEX)arewidelyusedtoassesstheconsequencesofagriculturalnutrientmanagementpracticesonsolubleandparticulatephosphorus(P)lossinrunoff.SoilPcyclingroutinesusedinSWAT2012,however,donotsimulatetheshort-termeffectsofapplyingaconcentratedsourceofsolubleP,suchasamanure,tothesoilsurfacewhereitismostvulnerabletorunoff.WeaddedanewsetofsoilProutinestoSWAT2012tosimulatesurfaceappliedmanureatfieldandsubwatershedscaleswithinwatershedsinPennsylvaniaandTexas.WecorroboratedthenewPversionofSWATagainstthestandardSWATProutine.CorroborativesystemsinvolvedstandardSWAT,atopographicallydrivenversionofSWAT(TopoSWAT),andfiveand12yearsofmeasureddataunderfield-specific,historicalmanagementinformationinPennsylvaniaandTexas,respectively.Short-term“washoff”processesresultingfromprecipitationimmediatelyfollowingsurfaceapplicationofmanureswerecapturedwiththenewProutinewhereasthestandardroutinesresultedinlossesregardlessofmanureapplication.Thenewroutinesimprovedsensitivitytokeyfactorsinnutrientmanagement(i.e.,timing,rate,method,andformofPapplication).OnlythenewProutinesindicatedecreasesinsolublePlossesformanureapplicationsatone,fiveand10days,respectively,beforeastormevent.UnlikewithstandardProutines,thenewProutinesexhibitgreatervariationamongproportionsoforganic,particulateandsolublePcorrespondingtospreadingmethod.Resultssuggestsimilarrevisionstootheragroecosystemwatershedmodelswouldbeappropriate.

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Session H3: BMPs

Evaluation of the two-stage ditch as a best management practiceAndiHodaj ,LauraBowling,CibinRaj,IndrajeetChaubey1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractArtificialdrainagehaslongbeenanimportantcomponentofagricultureinthepoorly-drainedregionsoftheUSCornBelt.Continuedincreasesindrainageintensityfunnelmorewaterintoexistingdrainageditches,resultinginhigherfloodstages,moreerosivewatervelocitiesanddecreasedtimeforin-channelnutrientprocessing.Thetwo-stageditchisatypeofin-streamrestorationthatinvolvesmodificationofatrapezoidaldrainageditchtoresemblemorethefeaturesofanaturalstream.Theideaistocreateorsimulateextendedbenchesonbothsidesoftheditchthatwoulddevelopnaturallyoveraperiodoftimeinastreambecauseofgeomorphologicalprocesses.Thesein-channelfloodplainsprovideagreaterflowareaduringhighfloweventsandofferthepotentialtoreducesedimentloadandextendtheinteractiontimebetweenwaterandvegetationonthebenches,allowinglargeruptakeofnutrientsandincreasingthedenitrificationratesinthebenchsoil.TheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)hydrologicmodelhasrecentlybeenmodifiedtorepresentthetwo-stageditchasaconservationpractice.Processesthatarerepresentedinthemodelinclude:velocityreductionsduetothechangeinchannelgeometry,particlesettling,plantnutrientuptakeanddenitrificationonthebenchesofthetwo-stageditch.Themodelisevaluatedusingdatacollectedfromatwo-stageditchconstructedattheThrockmortonPurdueAgriculturalCenter(TPAC)nearLafayette,IndianainSeptember2012.Itdrainsanareaofapproximately2.7km2offarmlandusedforcornandsoybeanproduction.Simulationresultsfor30yearsofweatherdataindicatedtheimpactofthetwo-stageditchonreducingpeakflowrates,floodstageandnutrientloads.Forthis30yearperiod,1985–2014,theresultsshowedreductionsofupto40%ofpeakflowvelocities,35%reductionperkmoftwo-stageditch,ofsedimentbasinoutput,10–80%reductionintotalphosphorusoutputand0–15%reductionintotalnitrogen.Keywordstwo-stageditch,SWAT,routingnutrients

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Session H3: BMPs

Assessing the Impact of Alternative Management Strategies in a Dairy-dominated Agricultural Watershed Vulnerable to High Sediment and P

RunoffAlexisHeim ,PaulBaumgart ,KevinFermanich1. EnvironmentalScienceandPolicyGraduateStudent,UniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. WatershedAnalyst,UniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay.3. ProfessorofNaturalandAppliedScience,UniversityofWisconsin-GreenBay.AbstractPlumCreek,Wrightstown,WI(90.1km )isapredominatelyagriculturalwatershedwhichcontributessubstantialloadsofphosphorus(P)andsedimenttotheLowerFoxRiver.Theaverageannualyieldofphosphorusbetween2011and2014was2.37kg/haataUSGSstationlocatedonthemainstemofPlumwithadrainageareaof52.5km .Approximately90%ofthesediment,and75%ofphosphorusannualloadoccursduringlessthan14daysperyear.UnderstandingtheimpactofvariouslandmanagementactivitiesinrelationtohighlyeventdrivenloadsisacriticalaspecttoreducingPandsedimentloadingtoPlumCreekandmeetingwaterqualitygoalsfortheLowerFoxRiverandLowerGreenBay.Inthisstudy,weusedtheSoilWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)toassesswaterqualityandhydrologicresponseunderalternativelanduse/managementconditions.WaterqualitydatacollectedatthemainstemmonitoringstationinWaterYears2011and2012wereusedtocalibratethemodel.WY2013datafromtheMainBranchwasusedtovalidatetheSWATmodel.ThispaperfocusesonBMPmodelingmethodsofthestudy.Dairygrazing,covercropping,increasedconservationtillage,andreducedsoiltestPwerechosenastargetBMPpractices.SuitesoftheseBMPswerealsomodeledforacombinationeffect.ItwasfoundthatreducingsoiltestPalonecouldreducePrunoffbyabout16%fromthewatershed.Phosphorusandsedimentreductionsfromconservationtillagerangedfrom23-39%and26-50%,formanagedgrazing20-47%and22-55%,andcovercropping18-25%and20-27%,respectively.TheseresultsareencouragingconsideringthatothermodelingprojectsfortheBayofGreenBayindicatethatatleasta50%totalloadreductionwillbeneededtomeetTMDLrequirements.Thesepracticesimpactroughly14%oftheloadtoGreenBay,consequentlyeffectiveandefficientBMPswillberequiredtoimprovewaterquality.KeywordsSWATmodel,waterquality,landmanagement,BMP,sediment,phosphorus

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Session H3: BMPs

Multisite Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of a SWAT Model on aSelected Urban Watershed in Metropolitan Atlanta, GeorgiaNahalHoghooghi ,DavidRadcliffe1. Ph.DCandidate/Researchassistant.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor.

AbstractTheobjectivewastostresstheimportanceofsimultaneousmultisiteapplicationinwatershedcalibrationandsensitivityanalysistoobtainmorerepresentativeparametervaluesincomparisonwithsinglesitecalibration.A44km watershedlocatedinmetropolitanAtlanta,Georgiaanda2km sub-basinwithinthiswatershedwithmainlyurbanlanduseandsepticsystemswereselectedtosimulateflowinstreamsusingtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).TheprecipitationandtemperaturedatawasobtainedthroughthePRISM(Parameter-elevationRegressiononIndependentSlopesModel)climateandweathersystem.Themodelwasrunfrom2008to2014with4yearswarmupandadailytimestep.StreamdischargeforthewatershedwasobtainedfromUSGSgagedstationattheoutletofthiswatershed,andforthesub-basinwasgatheredfromanungaggedstreamwhichwasequippedwithanautomatedgagerecorderfrom2012to2014.Formodelcalibrationandsensitivityanalysissoftware,SWAT-CUPSUFI-2andmanualcalibrationwereusedandNashSutcliffeEfficiency(NSE)waschosenasanobjectivefunction.CalibratedmodelforthewatershedstreamflowshowedthedailyNSEwas0.74withap-factorof0.66.Themodeldidn’tshowagoodNSEforthesub-basin.Moredetailedresultsofthisstudywillbepresentedanddiscussed.

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Session I1: EPIC/APEX Modeling System

Is site-specific APEX calibration necessary for field scale BMP assessment?AnomaaSenaviratne ,ClaireBaffaut ,JohnLory ,RanjithUdawatta1. ResearchSpecialist,PlantScienceDivision,UniversityofMissouri.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. ResearchHydrologistUsda-ArsCroppingSystemsandWaterQualityResearchUnit.3. ExtensionAssociateProfessorDivisionofPlantSciences,UniversityofMissouri.4. AssociateResearchProfessorSoil,EnvironmentalandAtmosphericSciences,UniversityofMissouri.AbstractThepossibilityofextendingparametersetsobtainedatonesitetositeswithsimilarcharacteristicsisappealing.Thisstudywasundertakentotestmodelperformanceandcomparetheeffectivenessofbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)usingthreeparameterssetsobtainedfromthreewatershedswhenappliedtoafourthone.Thefirstwatershedwasano-tillcorn-soybeanfieldinnortheastMissouri,during1993-1997(parameterization1).Thesecondonewasthesamewatershedduring1998-2008aftertheestablishmentofagro-forestrybuffers(parameterization2).Thethirdwatershedwasacorn-soybeanfield,90-kmfromtheNoveltysiteandwiththesameclaypansoils(parameterization3).Anadjoiningfieldwithterraces,agrasswaterway,andwintercover-crops,andmonitoredduring2011-2013wasusedasthevalidationwatershed.Modelperformanceforrunoffwasgoodwithallthreeparameterizations;coefficientofvariation(r ):0.7to0.8,Nash-SutcliffeCoefficient(NSC):0.3to0.6,andpercentbias(Pbias):-20to6%.Modelperformanceforsedimentwasgoodonlywithparameterizations1and3(r :~0.5,NSC:0.4to0.5andPbias:23to53%).Fortotalphosphorus(TP),modelperformancewasgoodonlywithparameterization3(r :0.9,NSC:0.5andPbias:66%).Thirty-yearaverageannualpredictionsvariedbetweenthethreeparameterizationsby1-51%.However,therelativereductionsinrunoff,sedimentandTPremainedwithin12%.AllparameterizationspredictedterraceswerethemosteffectiveforsedimentandTP,andcovercropsforrunoff.AllthreeparametrizationsshowedgoodrobustnessinquantifyingtherelativeeffectivenessofBMPs.

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Session I1: EPIC/APEX Modeling System

Future EPIC to SWAT LinkagesVerelBenson1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractOverthelast5plusyearsDr.BensonandtheUNCInstitutefortheEnvironmenthavebeenworkingforEPAtobuildasystemofEPICdatasetstomakesimulationsforupto21cropsforeach12kmgridintheU.S.,SouthernCanadaandNorthernMexico.Thishasresultedinapproximately250,000setsofEPICdatasets.Currentanalysisunderwayforbiofuelassessmenthasresultedinabout500,000EPICsetsoffilestolookatcropsonoriginalrepresentativesoilsandonsoilspreviouslyinothercrops.FutureglobalwarmingassessmentwillresultinmoreEPICdatasets.ThereisapotentiallinkagebetweenSWATand/orAPEXandtheseEPICdatasetsanddailyoutputfiles.ThispresentationdescribesthesystemusedtogeneratetheEPICfilesandshowssomecurrentapplicationresults.ThepotentialforcooperativeeffortswithSWATandAPEXmodelersisconsiderable.

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Session I2: Landscape Processes and Landscape / River Continuum

Soft-Data Considerations in Modeling Watershed-Scale Phosphorus Loads inthe St. Croix Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin, USAJimAlmendinger1. Seniorscientist,St.CroixWatershedResearchStation.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractLakeSt.Croixisa40-kmlongriverinelakethatliesattheterminusofits20,000-km watershed,whichstraddlestheborderbetweenMinnesotaandWisconsin.Thelakeisimpairedbyculturaleutrophicationdrivenbyexcessphosphorus(P)loadscominglargelyfromagriculturalnonpointsources.TobetterunderstandnonpointPsourceandtransportfactors,weconstructedaSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)modeloftheSt.Croixbasin.Given18yearsofobservedmonthlyPloadsfromwheretheSt.CroixRiverentersthelake(ourhard-datacalibrationtarget),wecouldcalibratethemodelwithanynumberofnon-uniqueparametersets.Toconstrainthecalibration,weconsideredsoft-datatargetsfromtheliterature.Tostart,weadjustedsoilchemistryparameterstoproduceaveragetotalphosphorusyieldsofabout1-2kg/ha/yrfromchisel-plowedrowcrops,whichprovidedabenchmarkforparameterizingotherlanduses.Thenrunoffwasroutedthroughlowlands(pondsandwetlandsinSWAT),whichremovedabout10%ofthePload.Basedonhydraulicresidencetimeandmeandepth,lakesonthechannelnetworkwereparameterizedtotrapabout25%ofincomingPandforLakeSt.Croixtotrapabout30%ofincomingP,asdeterminedfrombothmonitoringandsedimentstudies.Finally,in-channelwater-qualityparameterswereadjustedinSWATtosmooththeseasonaldistributionofPloadsenteringLakeSt.Croix,reducingpeaksduringhigh-runoffmonthsandincreasingloadsduringlow-runoffmonths,suchthatthetotalannualPloadswereapproximatelyunchanged.Keywordsagriculture;nonpointsourcepollution;nutrients;phosphorus;phosphorusretention;softdata;surfacewaterhydrology;watershedmodel

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Using SWAT to Understand Stream Phosphorus Concentrations and theImportance of External Inputs and Internal ReactionsPaulMcGinley ,AmyTimm1. ProfessorofWaterResources,UniversityofWisconsin-StevensPoint.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractManagingstreamphosphorusconcentrationswillrequirelinkinglandscapenutrienttransferandin-streamreactiontothetemporalvariationsinstreamconcentrations.Thelargetemporalvariabilityinstreamphosphorusconcentrationsreflectsthetimingandmagnitudeofexternalinputsalongwithin-streamrouting,chemicalprocessesandbioticreactions.Inthisstudy,weincorporatedSWATinacombinedlandscapeandstreammodeltohelpassessthesensitivityofstreamphosphorusconcentrationstothesefactorsunderdifferenthydrologicconditions.OurmodelusesSWATwithanin-streamreactionmodelOTIS.TheSWATmodelingusedasub-hourlytime-stepandtheGreen-Amptinfiltrationmodeltoestimaterunoffandnutrienttransfer.The1-DOTISmodelincorporatedsorption,reactionandsedimentreleaseofphosphorus.Thelinkedmodelwasusedtocontrasttheimpactofexternalinputsandreactiononthetemporalvariabilityofstreamphosphorusconcentrationsinwatershedswithdifferenthydrologiccharacteristics.Ourresultsshowthatdetailedcharacterizationofgrowingseasonreactionsandhydrologiccharacteristicsisnecessarytosimulateconcentrationsinlowbaseflowstreams.Thisstudyimprovesourabilitytogeneralizethevariationsinstreamphosphorusconcentrationsandunderstandtherolethatmanagementcanhaveonchangingthoseconcentrations.KeywordsStreamphosphorusconcentrations,nutrienttransfer,in-streamnutrientreactions

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Assessing SWAT Model Capability in predicting the Areas Contributing Flowin an Agricultural WatershedGolmarGolmohammadi ,RameshRudra,TrevorDickinson,PradeepGoel1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThisstudyisbeingconductedtoassessthecapabilityofSWATmodeltoidentifytheareaswhichcontributingtotheflowinawatershed.SWATmodelwasusedtoevaluatethehydrologyatGullyCreekWatershedlocatedinOntario.Dailystreamflowdatafrom12July2010,to30September2011,wereusedforcalibration,andthedatafrom1October2011to28March2012,wereusedtovalidatethemodelperformance.Inadditiontothedailystreamflowdata,theflow/noflowobservationswereavailablefor18differentmonitoringstationsat9differentevents(162eventsintotal;65flowobservedand97noflowobserved).Thecalibratedmodelwasalsousedtosimulatethestreamflowatthemonitoringstationsacrossthewatershed.Thesimulationresultsatthesestationswerecomparedtotheobservedflow/noflowdata.Theresultsshowedthat100%(65/65)oftheobservedfloweventswerepredictedbythemodelproperly,whileonly50%(49/97)oftheobservednofloweventswerepredictedbythemodel.Theimpactofnumberofsubbasinsoncapabilityofthemodeltopredicttheflow/noflowdataarebeingstudiedandtheresultswillbepresented.KeywordsHydrologicalmodeling;SWAT;DRAINMOD;SWATDRAIN;Watershedscale.

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Session I3: Large Scale Applications

Modeling Sediment and Nutrient Loads Input to the Chesapeake Bay andEffects of Conservation Practices on Water QualitySanthiChinnasamy1. ResearchScientist,BlacklandResearchandExtensionCenter,Temple,Texas.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractExcesssedimentandnutrientsdischargedintotheChesapeakeBayfromagriculturalland,urbanizedarea,forestsandmunicipalandindustrialdischargesinthewatershedhavecausedeutrophicationintheBayandinthesurroundingwaterbodies.DeterminingthemagnitudeofsedimentandnutrientloadsenteringChesapeakeBay,andevaluatingtheeffectsofcroplandconservationpracticesonwaterqualitywouldbeusefulforplanningandprioritizingmanagementefforts.Thefield-scalemodelAgriculturalPolicyEnvironmentalExtender(APEX)wasusedsimulatetheconservationpracticesoncroplandandConservationReserveProgramlandandassesstheedgeoffieldwaterqualitybenefits.PredictedflowandloadsfromAPEXwereinputtothewatershedscalemodel,SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).SWATwasusedtosimulatethewatershedprocessesandestimatetheinstreamwaterqualitybenefits.SWATmodelwascalibratedforstreamflow,sedimentandnutrientsatmultiplesitesintheCBwatershed.Thesemodelswerethenusedto(1)estimatethesedimentandnutrientsenteringtheChesapeakeBay,and(2)estimatetheeffectsofvariouscroplandconservationpracticestrategiesonwaterqualityintheChesapeakeBay.Modelpredictionsindicatedthat6.9milliontonnesofsediment,140,476metrictonnesofnitrogenand6,845metrictonnesofphosphorusloadswereenteringtheBayasperbaselineconservationconditionin2006-06.Currentlyestablishedpracticesoncroplandwerepredictedtoreducethesediment,nitrogenandphosphoruslossesfromedgeoffieldwithineach8-digitwatershedsby54%,27%and58%,respectively.Thesepracticeswerepredictedtoreducethesediment,nitrogenandphosphorusloadsenteringtheChesapeakeBayby16%,12%,and16%,respectively.AdditionalconservationtreatmentcanhelptofurtherreducetheloadstotheBayandmovetowardstheproposedsedimentandnutrienttargets.KeywordsCEAP,SWAT,APEX,ConservationPractices,ChesapeakeBay,Sediment,Nitrogen,Phosphorus

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Assessing sensitivity of UMRB agriculture and water resources to past andcurrent droughtNinaOmani ,IndrajeetChaubey ,PingLi1. PostDocResearchAssociate.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor.3. PhDStudent.

AbstractTheMidwestiscriticallyimportantfortheUSeconomyforitsagriculturalproduction.Although,somestudiesimplythattheclimatechangemayenhancethecertaincropyields,climatevariabilitymayhaveconsiderableimpactsoncropproductionandecohydrology.Forexample,heavyprecipitationeventswithincreasedfrequencymaydamagecrops,andincreasesoilerosionandpollutantlosses.Indrought-affectedareaslanddegradation,waterstressandcropdamageandfailuremayincrease.Inthisstudy,wefocusedintheUpperMississippiRiverBasin(UMRB)locatedintheUSMidwest.Themajorobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesssensitivityofsimulatedcropyield,runoff,andwaterqualitytodroughtforhistoricandcurrentclimateconditions.Timeseriesofwaterquality,streamflowandcropyieldswereinvestigated.Waterqualityduringpastdroughtconditionswerecomparedtowaterqualityduringreferenceperiods,representingnormalhydrologicalconditions.Wecalibratedandvalidatedsimulatedmonthlyflow,sediment,totalN,totalP,organicNloadsandconcentrations.TheinitialresultsindicatedthattheSWATmodelsuccessfullysimulatedtheannualcropyieldandwaterquality,streamflowandthetrendsforcurrentclimate(1970-2010).Wewilldiscusstheimpactsofdroughtoncropproductionandecohydrologyindetailinthispresentation.KeywordsUMRB,drought,crop,waterquality,SWAT

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Impact of Tile Drainage on Sediment Losses in an Agricultural Watershedusing SWATDRAINGolmarGolmohammadi ,RameshRudra,ShivPrasher,AliMadani,PradeepGoel1. Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractTheDRAINMODmodelwasrecentlyincorporatedintoSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)model,andtheresultingmodel,calledSWATDRAIN,cansimulatebothsurfaceandsubsurfacehydrologyoftile-drainedwatershedsverywell.Inthisstudy,SWATDRAINwasevaluatedusingmeasuredstreamflowandsedimentloadsdatainapartiallytile-drainedwatershedinOntario,Canada.Simulationswerecarriedoutovera10-yearperiod,from1975to1985;the1975-1980datawereusedformodelcalibrationandthe1981-1985datawereusedforvalidation.Alongwithhydrographs,theNash-Sutcliffeefficiency(NSE),percentbias(PBIAS)andR2statisticswereusedinevaluatingtheaccuracyofSWATDRAINstreamflowandsedimentpredictionsinlightofmeasuredvalues.Duringbothcalibrationandvalidationperiods,SWATDRAINsimulatedthehydrologicresponseandsedimentloadsattheoutletofthewatershedbetterthanSWAT.Ourresultsalsoshowthatwhiletheaverageannualsimulatedstreamflow,withnotiledrainage,wasnotmuchdifferentthanthestreamflowwithtiledrainage,thesedimentload,however,increasedsignificantlywithnotiledrainage,whichmightbeduetotheincreaseinsurfacerunoff.KeywordsHydrologicalmodeling,SWAT,DRAINMOD,SWATDRAIN,Sedimentlosses.

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Session J1: Hydrology

Comparison of the tile drainage routine performance in SWAT 2009 and2012 in the Little Vermillion River WatershedTianGuo ,BernardEngel ,JeffreyArnold ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,MichaelHirschi1. ResearchAssistant,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,PurdueUniversity.3. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.4. Professor,TexasA&MUniversity.5. SeniorEngineer,WaterborneEnvironmental,Inc..

AbstractSubsurfacedrainagesystemsarecommonpracticesinagriculturalwatershedsintheMidwesternU.S.SubsurfacedrainagesystemsenabletheMidwestareatobecomehighlyproductiveagriculturallands,butalsocreateenvironmentalproblems,likenitrate-Ncontaminationandpesticidetransport.SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)hasbeenwidelyusedtomodelwatershedswithtiledrainage.However,SWAT2009revision528andSWAT2012revision645providedifferenttiledrainageroutines,andtheappropriateroutineforsimulatinghydrologicprocessesandnutrientlossesinLittleVermilionRiverWatershed(LVRW)andsimilarwatershedswasunclear.Moreover,SWAT2012revision645improvedthecurvenumbercalculationmethodbasedonsoilmoisture,whichhasnotbeenfullytested.Thisstudyusedlong-term(1991-2003)monitoringfieldsiteandriverstationdatafromLVRWtoevaluateperformanceoftiledrainageroutinesinSWAT2009revision528(theoldroutine)andSWAT2012revision645(thenewroutine).Uncalibratedsimulateddaily,monthlyandyearlytileflow,surfaceflow,nitrate-Nintileandsurfaceflow,sedimentandannualcornandsoybeanyieldresultsfromSWATwiththeoldandnewtiledrainageroutineswerecomparedwithobservedvalues.Statisticalanalysissuchaspercenterror(Pbias),coefficientofdetermination(R ),Nash-Sutcliffeefficiency(NSE),themodifiedNSEandKling-Guptaefficiency(KGE)werecalculated.Theresultsshowedthatbothroutinesprovidedreasonableresultsbutnotsatisfactoryuncalibratedflowandnitratelossresultsandthenewroutinehadpooreruncalibratedresults.Parametersdescribingtileandsurfaceflow,groundwater,evapotranspiration,andnutrientandsedimentroutineprocesseswillbeselectedforsensitivityanduncertaintyanalysistodeterminevaluesorpotentialrangesforparametersandmodelcalibration.SWATwithbothroutineswillbecalibratedandvalidatedatfieldsitesandriverstations.Pbias,R ,NSE,themodifiedNSEandKGEwillbeusedformodelvalidation.TheresultscandeterminewhichroutineprovidesabettermodelfitandallowselectionofthemostappropriatetiledrainageroutinesuitableformodelingLVRWandsimilarwatersheds.Keywordssubsurfaceflow,surfaceflow,sedimentload,nitratelosses,cropyields,SWAT,tiledrainageroutine,curvenumber

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Multi-objective calibration approach for SWAT by using spatially distributedremotely sensed/in-situ soil moisture dataMohammadAdnanRajib ,VenkateshMerwade1. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.2. AssociateProfessor,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractTheobjectiveofthisstudyistoevaluatethepotentialofusingspatiallydistributedsurfaceandrootzonesoilmoistureestimatesincalibrationofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)towardsimprovingitshydrologicpredictabilitywithreducedequifinality.TheproposedcalibrationapproachisperformedusingremotelysensedAdvancedMicrowaveScanningRadiometer-EarthObservingSystem(AMSR-E)surfacesoilmoisture(~1cmtopsoil)estimatesateachsub-basinlevelinconjunctionwithobservedstreamflowdataatthewatershed'soutlet.Althoughapplicationofremotesensingdataincalibrationimprovessurfacesoilmoisturesimulation,otherhydrologiccomponentssuchasstreamflow,evapotranspiration(ET)anddeeperlayermoisturecontentinSWATremainlessaffected.Anextensionofthisapproachtoalsoincluderootzonesoilmoistureestimatesfromlimitedfieldsensordatashowedconsiderableimprovementinsimulatingstreamflowandtherootzonesoilmoisture.Differenceinrelativesensitivityofparametersandreducedextentofuncertaintyarealsoevidentfromtheproposedmethod,especiallyforparametersrelatedtothesubsurfacehydrologicprocesses.WhiletheresultsfromthisstudyshowthatrootzonesoilmoisturecanplayamajorroleinSWATcalibration,morestudiesincludingvarioussoilmoisturedataproductsarenecessarytovalidatetheproposedapproach.KeywordsAMSR-E,calibration,multi-objective,remotesensing,rootzone,soilmoisture,SWAT,uncertainty

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Hydrologic Similarity Analysis by Unsupervised Classification of watershed’sSoft Data Received from the SWAT Model.DhaneshYeganantham ,RaghavanSrinivasan ,FranciscoOlivera1. GraduateStudent,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. SpatialSciencesLaboratory,TexasA&MUniversity.3. AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity.

AbstractTheuseofSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)toeffectivelymodelthewatershedisconstrainedbytheavailabilityofdataforparametercalibrationandvalidation.Tomodelungaggedwatersheds,theparameterscouldbetransferredfromhydrologicallysimilargaugedwatersheds.Thisstudyaimsatquantifyinghydrologicsimilaritybetweenwatersheds.Mostofthereportedstudiesuseeitherthewatershedresponseoritsmorphologytotestthehydrologicalsimilarity,and,insomecases,thegeographicallyclosewatershedsareconsideredtobehydrologicallysimilar.Inthisstudy,theremotesenseddataofthelanduse,soilcharacteristicsandtheDigitalElevationModel(DEM)ofthewatershedalongwithmeasuredwheatherdatacanbeusedtoperformanunsupervisedclassificationofthewatersheds.Someofthesedatahavequantitativevaluesandsomeofthemareclasses.Allthesedatarepresentsthehydrologicprocesshappeninginthebasinand,ontopofthat,ithassomeredundantinformation.Hence,itisplannedtofeedthesedataintotheSWATmodelandthegettheflowoutputs,thentheflowoutputswillbeusedtoclassifythebasin.Thismethod,inaway,woulddiscardredundantinformationandusethecorrectweightagefortheremotelysensedandweatherdataforclassifyingthebasin.TheFuzzy-C-Meansanalysiswillbeusedfortheunsupervisedclassification.Thevalidationofthismethodwillbedonebycross-comparingwithothermethodsofhydrologicsimilarityandalsoanalyzingtheperformanceofthetransferredparametersintheungaugedwatersheds.KeywordsPredictionsinungaugedbasins,HydrologicSimilarity,SWAT

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Session J2: Large Scale Applications

Recent Technological Advancement and Sustainable Solutions for FloodIssues in North BiharMURLIDharSingh ,NarendraKumarTiwary ,SanjayKumarSrivastava ,ShashiSinha1. Professor,EnvironmentandDrainage,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Professor,Research,ArpandPim,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.3. Reader,FloodManagement,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.4. AssistantProfessor,ComputerProgrammer,WaterandLandManagementInstitute(Walmi),Patna,Bihar,India.

AbstractBiharisgeographicallysituatedinsuchawaythatithasmanynaturalperennialriverscomingfromtheHimalayasthroughNepalandTibet.Theseriversaremostlyalluvial&therefore,unstable.Theconstant&unpredictableshiftingofrivercourses(duetoheavysiltload)carrieseveryyearuntoldlossandmiserytomillions.LongTermmeasureslikedam/storagereservoirformoderatingfloodisnotpossibleatthisstagebecausesuitablesitesarenotsituatedinthisstatebuttheseareinNepalTerritory.Floodembankmentsinalengthof3430km.havebeenconstructedsofaralongtheriverslikeGandak,BurhiGandak,Bagmati,Kamla,Kosi&Mahanandaetc.toprotectanareaof2.916MillionHa.onlyoutoftotalfloodaffectedareaof6.88MillionHa.ManysmallHimalayanRivershavenotbeenembankedortrainedtillnow.Theseriversareverymuchfuriousduringtheflood.Unexpectedpopulationgrowth,unplanneddevelopmentactivities(roads,bridges,culverts)carriedbydifferentgovt.agencieshaveencroachedthenaturalwaterway,thusduringflooditcreatesdrainagecongestion.Therefore,peopleareforcedtoliveinfloodortofacethefloodmenaceeveryyear.Thoughalotoffloodcontrolworkshasbeenexecutedeveryyearwiththeresourceavailableforfloodsector,peoplearenotgettingexpectedbenefits.Methodologyadoptedinpracticebythedeptt.forplanning,monitoring&constructionoffloodcontrolworkshasbeendescribedhere.Butnow,theneedforacomprehensivestudyonriverbehavior,training&controlhasbeenfeltintotality(Basinwise).AholisticapproachisrequiredindetailhydrologicalstudyofeachriverofNorthBihartakingthecatchmentsareathatliesinNepalandotherinternationalboundaries.Climatechange,itsconsequentialeffectandthelikelystatisticalforecast,whichcangivearealscenariooftheriverbehavior.Thecompleterivermodelsusingsatelliteimageryandgrounddatashallbeessential.ThestudyofcompleteriversofNorthBiharanditsbehaviorcanworkoutpossiblesustainablesolutionsofdisastrousfloodissuesinBihar.Theavailablemodelscanbeusedforthestudy.Atimeframeoffiveyearscanbetaken.Thepoliticalwillcangiveasustainablesolutionforthebenefitofpeople.InthisbackgroundastudyofNorthBiharRivershavebeenmadewiththelatestmodelingandsimulationtool,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTools(SWAT)andtheresultshavebeenfoundencouraginginassessmentofquality&quantityofwaterandsedimentation.SinceSWATisapublicdomainmodelcontaining350subroutineswritteninFORTRANhenceitisbeingmodifiedandcustomizedforBiharRiversforvariouspurposeslikefloodforecasting,inundationmapping,climatechangestudiesetc.forachievingsustainablesolutionsforfloodissues.KeywordsSWAT,FORTRAN,HYDROLOGY,CLIMATECHANGE,FLOODFORECASTING,INUNDATIONMAPPING,

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Characterization of climate and land use change impacts on blue and greenwater dynamics over the Ohio River basinLiuyingDu ,MohammadAdnanRajib ,VenkateshMerwade1. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,USA.2. GraduateResearchAssistant,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,USA.3. AssociateProfessor,LylesSchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,USA.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractImpactsofclimateandlandusechangeontheoverallwateravailabilitycanbeanalyticallycomprehendedintermsoflong-termtrendsinbluewater(BW;surfacerunoffanddeepaquiferrecharge)andgreenwater(GW;soilwatercontentandactualevapotranspiration).Theobjectivesofthisstudyareto:(i)conductacomprehensiveassessmentofthespatialandtemporaltrendsinBWandGWunderthehistoricalclimateandlanduseconditionsintheOhioRiverBasin(490,000km )from1935to2014;and(ii)quantifytherelativeeffectsofclimateandlandusechangesonBWandGW.SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)isadoptedtosimulatethehydrologicfluxesfortheentirebasin,andtheMann-KendallandTheil-Sentestsareemployedtodetectthestatisticaltrendsseparatelyattheentirebasin,regional,andsub-basinlevels.DespitetheoverallvolumetricincreaseinbothBWandGWovertheentirebasin,thechangesintheirannualaveragevaluesduringtheperiodofsimulationrevealadistinctivespatialpattern.ResultsshowthatGWhasincreasedsignificantlyintheupperandlowerpartsofthebasininresponsetotheprominentlandusechangeintheseareas,butBWhasincreasedsignificantlyonlyinthelowerpartinresponsetotheprecipitationchange.Furthermore,byseparatingthecontributionsofclimateandlandusechange,itisfoundthattheeffectofclimatechangeonBWismoresignificantcomparedtoGW.LandusechangehasincreasedGWremarkably,buthasledtodecreasesinBW.TheresultsfromthisstudyhelpunderstandthecollectiveinfluenceofnaturalandanthropogenicimpactsonhydrologicresponsesintheOhioRiverbasin.KeywordsSWAT,greenwater,bluewater,climatechange,landusechange,Ohio,trendanalysis

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Impact of non-point source pollution on water quality of Pengxi River usingSWAT model after 175-meter water project operation of the Three Gorges

DamYingyuanShi ,WanshunZhang ,GaohongXu ,SijiaYang ,YongguiWang ,XiaoyanZheng1. WuhanUniversity.2. WuhanUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. ChangJiangWaterResourcesCommission.4. WuhanUniversity.5. WuhanUniversity.6. WuhanUniversity.AbstractThedegradationofwaterquality,extentofeutrophicationandalgaebloomintributariesoftheThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)arebecomingincreasinglycritical.Pollutantsaremainlysourcedfromnon-pointsourcepollutioninthereservoir,providingrichresourcesofnitrogenandphosphorusforalgaegrowth.Inadditiontothenutrientinputs,thechangesofhydrodynamicconditionsalsoplayanimportantroleinwaterqualitydegradationandalgaebloomproblems.Since2013,theThreeGorgesdamhasreachedasufficientwater-levelschedulingintervalfrom145to175meters.Whichnotonlychangesthehydrodynamiccharacteristicsofthetributaries,butalsocreatesa30-meterwater-level-fluctuation(WLF)zonewhereagriculturalactivitiesareactiveinsomeareas.Asaresult,thesoilandvegetationpatternsinthe30-meterWLFzonehavebeenalteredevidently.PengxiRiverisanimportantandrepresentativetributaryoftheTGR.PeoplelivingalongtheriverlikegrowingcropsintheWLFzoneduringlow-water-levelperiod.DifferentdegreesofalgaebloomhavebeenreportedatPengxiRiversince175-meterimpoundment.Inordertoinvestigateimpactsofnon-pointsourcepollutiononwaterquality，PengxiRiverwasstudiedinthisstudy,withcoupledSWATmodelandone-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodel.ForSWATsimulation,thedifferentterrestrialconditionsinPengxiRiverbasinbasedon145-meterand175-meterimpoundmentscenarioswereanalysed,especiallythechangesoflandusesandagriculturalpracticeswithin30-meterWLFzonearemainlyconsidered.Forriverwaterqualitysimulation,theone-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelwasappliedwithusingtheSWATresultsasconfluentboundaryconditions.TheSWATresultsshowedthatcontaminantsmainlysourcedfrom30-meterWLFzoneledtosignificantincreasesofpollutantconcentrationsduring175-meterimpoundment.Largeamountofnutrientsandresiduesleftbyagriculturalpracticesin30-meterWLFzoneduring145-meterwater-levelperiod,werethenbroughtintowaterbodyduring175-meterwater-levelperioddirectly,contributingsignificantlytoeutrophication.Secondly,alongwiththewaterdepthrising,theflowrateswasdecreasing,inPengxiRiverafter175-meterimpoundment.Whenthepollutantsresidencetimebecomelonger,theirdegradationratesbecomelowercomparingwiththeperiodbefore175-meterimpoundment.Thesechangescreatefavorableenvironmentforalgaegrowth,furtherresultinginalgaebloom.Prohibitionofagriculturalactivitiesin30-meterWLFzoneisrecommended.KeywordsThreeGorgesreservoir;Non-pointsourcepollution;PengxiRiver;SWATmodel.

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Research on watershed for non-point source pollution in the Three GorgesReservoir based on SWATJingWan ,WanshunZhang ,GaohongXu ,YongguiWang ,XiaoyanZheng1. student,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. teacher,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.3. BureauofHydrology，ChangjiangWaterResourcesCommission.4. student,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.5. student,SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity.

AbstractThreeGorgesProjectistheworld'slargesthydroelectricproject,anditisofgreatimportanceonfloodcontrolandelectricgeneration.ThecatchmentofThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)coversanareaofapproximately58,000km .Ithasmorethan40majorsub-basins.Withthecountry'sstrategicplanformakingtheYangtzeRiverbecomethegoldenwaterway,thewaterpollutionregulationofTGRisparticularlyimportant.Controllingnon-pointsourcepollutionhasgraduallybecomeanimportantcontroltargetsincethecofferdamwaterimpoundmentofTGR.ExploringthedifferentiationregularityofTGRfornon-pointsourcepollutionisimportantforthegovernmenttodevelopascientificandrationalwaterqualitycontrolprogram.Toidentifythemainareasthatcausedpollutionloads,theSWATmodelwasappliedtosimulatenon-pointsourcepollutioninthelargescalebasinofTGR.TheThreeGorgesReservoirbasinwasdividedinto49sub-basins.Theland-usedatain2013andsoildatain2013wereusedinthemodel,andthelandwasclassifiedintothirteentypes.Thesoildatacontainseventypes.TheSWATmodelusedinTGRhadbeenincalibrationandinvalidationbyusinghydrologyandwaterqualitydatain2006and2010.TheR AnalysisandNashSutcliffewasusedtoanalysisprecisionandpredictivepowerofSWATmodelswhichshowsthatthemodelwassuitabletosimulatednon-pointsourcepollutioninTGR.TheSWATresultsalsopresentedthatpollutantsinTGRweremainlynitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P).Duetoasignificantdifferenceofrainfall,landuseandsoiltype,thesub-basinsoftheThreeGorgesBasinhavedifferentpollutionload.KeywordsThreeGorgesReservoir;SWAT;non-pointsourcepollution

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Session J3: Database and GIS Application and Development

A Geospatial Modeling Interface (GMI) for SWAT Model Deployment andEvaluationJamesC.AscoughII ,JeffreyG.Arnold ,NathanP.Lighthart1. HydrologicEngineer,USDA-ARSAgriculturalSystemsResearchUnit.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARSGrasslandSoilandWaterResearchLaboratory.3. ResearchAssociate,ColoradoSt.University.

AbstractGeographicalinformationsystems(GIS)softwarepackageshavebeenusedfornearlythreedecadesasanalyticaltoolsinnaturalresourcemanagementforgeospatialdataassembly,processing,storage,andvisualizationofinputdataandmodeloutput.However,withincreasingavailabilityanduseoffull-featuredgeospatialdatamanagementtools,suchascommercial(e.g.,ArcGISandIDRISI)andpublicdomainopensource(e.g.,GRASS,QuantumGIS,MapWindow,uDIG)GIS,newissueshavesurfacedregardingapplicationofnaturalresourcemodelstoarangeofspatialscalesandtheroleofgeospatialdatatoolsandanalyticaltechniquesindecisionmaking.WithincreasedavailabilityofpowerfulPCs,cloudcomputingplatforms,andweb-basedGIStoolsandaccesstogeospatialdatasets,itisquitecommontoseenaturalresourcemodelsoriginallydevelopedforsmall-scale,site-specificanalysesnowbeingappliedtonewdomains/problems,and,throughGIS,toverylargeareastoexaminespatio-temporalvariationsinenvironmentalimpactassessment.ThispresentationprovidesanoverviewoftheGMI(GeospatialModelingInterface)simulationframeworkforSWATmodeldeploymentandevaluation.InadditiontoSWAT,GMIalsoprovidesaccesstootherenvironmentalandagroecosystemmodelsincludingAgroEcoSystem-Watershed(AgES-W),NitrateLeachingandEconomicAnalysis2(NLEAP2),andRootZoneWaterQualityModel2(RZWQM2).GMIdataprocessingandvisualizationfeaturesincludebutarenotlimitedto:1)editingandvisualizationofgeospatialmodelinputdata;2)theabilitytoinputmeasuredexperimentaldataforrobuststatisticalmodelevaluation;and3)geospatialoutputvisualizationacrossspace,time,andmodelingscenariosincludingcapabilitiesforreal-timepost-processing(e.g.,on-the-flycolorramping)andquerying.GMIleveragesanopensourceGISplatformthatintegratesOpenGeospatialConsortiumstandards(asimplementedinGeoTools–http://www.geotools.org)withinNASA'sWorldWindJavaSDK.TheoverallvisionoftheGMIdevelopmenteffortisthecreationofageospatialmodelingframeworkthatallowsrapidintegrationofenvironmentalmodelssuchasSWATandenables/enhancesthescientificmodelingprocessthroughstate-of-the-artgeospatialvisualizationcomponents.KeywordsSWAT,Modelvisualization,Environmentalmodeling,GIS,Interface,Models,Geospatialanalysis

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http://www.geotools.org


Prioritizing Water Quality Improvement Efforts on Agricultural Lands UsingReadily Available GIS DataTheresaNelson ,AaronRuesch1. WaterResourcesEngineer,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. WaterQualityModeler,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources.

AbstractWiththerecentdevelopmentandapprovalofseverallarge-scaletotalmaximumdailyload(TMDL)projectsinWisconsin,aneedforimplementationtargetinghasbeenidentifiedbytheWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandcountylandconservationstaff.DuringthedevelopmentoftheTMDL,subbasinsthatcontributehigherpollutantloadsareidentified,oftenthroughtheapplicationofmodelslikeSWAT.Inordertoimplementmanagementpracticestoreducetheloadingfromthosesubbasins,prioritizingneedstobedoneatapproximatelythefieldscale-thescaleatwhichprojectscanbepracticallyimplemented.Toaddressthisneed,theWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasdevelopedEVAAL–ErosionVulnerabilityAssessmentforAgriculturalLands.TheGIS-basedtoolevaluateslocationsofrelativevulnerabilitytosheet,rill,andgullyerosionusingreadilyavailableinformationabouttopography,soils,andlandcover.Thistoolenableswatershedmanagerstoprioritizefield-scaledatacollectionefforts,thussavingtimeandmoneywhileincreasingtheprobabilityoflocatingandaddressingfieldswithhighsedimentandnutrientexport.ThecurrentversionofEVAALusesassumptionsregardingtillagetypesforvariouscroprotationpractices.Sincetillagepractices,andtheresultingamountofresiduecover,cangreatlyimpacterosionandnutrientexport,itisadvantageoustorefinethoseassumptions.Thisispossiblethruanalysisofsatelliteimagerywiththecalculationofanormalizeddifferenttillageindex(NDTI).ThispresentationwillgiveanoverviewofEVAAL,showresultsofusingLandsatimagerytomappercentcropresiduecoverageandtheassociatedtillagetypes,anddemonstratetheresultingimprovementintheEVAALresults.

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Impacts of Input Datasets on SWAT Model Performance and WatershedHydrologyAlekseySheshukov ,JungangGao1. AssistantProfessor,KansasStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralReseachAssociate,KansasStateUnviersity.

AbstractSWATrequiresalargesetofinputparametersanddatasetstobuildthewatershedmodel.Amongsuchinputsaregeospatialdatasetsoflanduse/landcover(LULC)andclimatedata.WithavailabilityofnewdatasetsintheUnitedStates,suchasNEXRADandPRISMforclimateandcustomizedyearlyNASSCDLmapsforLULC,thatcanreplacetraditionalnetworkofrelativelysparseNCDCweatherstationsandlimitedinlandusecategoriesNLCDlandcovermaps,SWATmodelperformanceisexpectedtoimprove.However,SWATmodelresponsetoinputdatasetvariabilityisnotwelldocumentedandthereexistsonlyafewcomparisonanalyseswithregardstotheirimpactsonwatershedhydrologysimulatedbythemodel.Thegoalofthestudywastoevaluatetheimpactofthreedifferentweatherdatasets(NCDC,NEXRAD,PRISM)andcroprotationpatternsinacustomizedLULCdatasetonmodelperformanceandwatershedhydrologyinawesternKansaswatershed.WhilegriddedNEXRADandPRISMdatasetsprovidedspatiallycontinuousweathercoverage,onlyPRISMimprovedSWATmodelperformanceandbetterrepresentedwatershedhydrology.Duetolimitedradarcoverageintheareaofinterestandunrealisticburstsofprecipitation,NEXRADoverestimatedrunoffandstreamflow.TheSWATmodelpositivelyrespondedtothepropercroprotationpatternwithintheperiodofpatternobservation,buttheperformancedrasticallydeclinedforoutsideoftheobservationperiods.KeywordsSWAT;climatedata;landuse/landcover;NEXRAD;PRISM;NCDC

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LUU_Checker: A Tool for Dynamically Incorporating New Land Uses inSWATGurdeepSingh ,DharmendraSaraswat1. UniversityofArkansas.2. PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractTheSWAT_LUCtoolwasreleasedin2011thatautomatedtheprocessofcreatinganoptionallanduseupdatefile(filenamelup.dat)forupdatinghydrologicresponseunit(HRU)fractionsduringmodelsimulationruns.Thelup.datfilehasenabledmodelerstorepresentlandusechangesovertheentiresimulationrunorinitializeconservationmeasuresduringachosenperiodinthemiddleofsimulationrun,asperuserdefinedspecifications.Despitesavingtimeanderrorsindevelopinglup.datfileforlargewatersheds,theSWAT_LUCtoollackedtheabilitytosimulateanewlanduseinthewatershedthatwasnotpresentinthebaseLULCdata.TheLUUCheckertoolhasbeendevelopedtodevelopacomprehensiverasterdatalayerthatallowsaccountingfornewlandusesthatmayemergeduringthemodelsimulationperiod.ThepresentationwouldincludethedevelopmentconceptsanddemonstrationofLUUCheckertool.

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Session K1: Climate Change Applications

Uncertainty Estimation of Hydrological Impacts of Bias-Corrected CMIP5Climate Change ProjectionsJungangGao ,AlekseySheshukov1. PostdoctoralReseachAssociate,KansasStateUnviersity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssistantProfessor,KansasStateUnviersity.

AbstractUncertaintyestimationofclimatechangeimpactshasbeenrecentlygivenalotofattention.ItisgenerallyassumedthatthemajorsourcesofuncertaintycouldbelinkedtoGeneralCirculationModels(GCM)andGreenhouseGasesEmissionsScenarios(GGES).However,theothersourcesofuncertaintysuchasachoiceoftheobservedclimatedatasethavebeengivenlessattention.Inthispaper,highspatialresolutionofgriddeddatasetsavailableintheUnitedStates,suchasNEXRADandPRISM,combiningwithtraditionalnetworkofrelativelysparseNCDCweatherstations,wereusedtocorrectCMIP5GCMoutputs.Wefocusoninvestigatingtheuncertaintiesinquantifyingtheimpactsoffutureclimateprojectionsbias-correctedbythesethreeclimatedatasetsonhydrologyinawesternKansaswatershed.ThechangefactormethodwasusedforbiascorrectionofGCMoutputs,andtheSWATmodelwasusedtosimulatehydrologicalprocesses.Future(2070–2099)hydrologicalregimeswerecomparedtothereferenceperiod(1970–1999)usingtheaveragehydrograph,annualmeandischarge,peakdischargeandtimetopeakdischargeascriteria.Theresultsshowedthattherewasnosubstantialdifferenceintemperaturepredictionsbasedonthesethreecorrectedoutputsoffuturescenarios.However,precipitationpredictionsarenotasunequivocalasthoseoftemperature,theyvarydependingonthehistoricaldatasetsandalsoweatherseasons.Asignificantvariationinwinterandsummerdischarges,aswellastimetopeakdischargewereobservedforfuturescenarioscorrespondedtothreeobservedclimatedatasets.Acrossallvariables,alargeuncertaintyenvelopewasfoundtobeassociatedwiththechoiceoftheobservedclimatedataset,anditwascomparedtotheenvelopeoriginatedfrom57climatechangeprojectionsfromacombinationofnineteenGCMsandthreeGGES.Thedifferencesamongtheobservedclimatedatasetssignificantlycontributedtotheuncertaintyenvelope.Overall,wesuggestthattheclimatechangeimpactstudiesthatusefutureprojectionsbias-correctedonaclimatedatasetofland-basedstationsshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.KeywordsSWAT;Uncertainty;Bais-correction;Climatechange;CMIP5;Hydrology

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Hydrological change projection in the North Carolina Piedmont watershedby SWAT and bias corrected NARCCAPYuriKim ,LawrenceBand1. ResearchAssociate.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. VoitGilmoreDistinguishedProfessor.

AbstractThisstudyfocusedonsimulatingfuturehydrologicchangesensitivitybysynergisticaswellasde-convolvedeffectsofCO incrementandprojectedclimateintheNorthCarolinaPiedmontwatershed.Asclimatesimulationdata,asetofnestedglobalandregionalcirculationmodel(GCM-RCM)precipitationandtemperaturefromtheNorthAmericanRegionalClimateChangeAssessmentProgram(NARCCAP)wereevaluatedforhistoricaltimeperiod,1971~2000,beforeapplyingtothehydrologicmodel,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT).GeneralprecipitationbiasesoffiveselectedNARCCAPoutputareunderestimationinfallandoverestimationinspringandwinter.NARCCAPtemperatureshowscoldbias,especiallyindailymaximumtemperature.Afterapplyingtwosimplestatisticalbiascorrectionsmethods,theLOCalIntensity(LOCI)scalingmethod(Schmidlietal.,2006)forprecipitationandFourierfunctionsfortemperature,NARCCAPoutputsshowedsignificantreductionofseasonalbiasesexceptforafewextremeevents.Applicationofhistoricaltimeoriginalandbias-correctedNARCCAPtotheSWATalsoshowedthatbias-correctedNARCCAPproducedmorereliablestreamdischargethanoriginalNARCCAP.ProjectedNARCCAPprecipitationissimilarorhasasmallincreasewithatemperatureincreasingby1–5°Cin2041–2070inNorthCarolinaPiedmont.UnderprojectedclimateandCO condition,evapotranspiration(ET)wassimulatedtoincreasenoticeablyespeciallyinwinterandspringwhilewateryield(WY)showedvariouschangingpatterns,withgreatdependenceonCO andprecipitation.ThehighestWYwassimulatedbycombinationofincreasingCO andprojectedprecipitationwhileprojectedtemperaturealonesimulatedthelowestWY.SWATsimulationresultsshowedthatitisnecessarytoincorporateinteractionsofCO andclimatechangetosimulatefuturewateravailabilityinNorthCarolinaPiedmont.KeywordsSWAT;NARCCAP;statisticalbiascorrection;CO2increment;NorthCarolinaPiedmont

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Mapping Ground Water Recharge Rates in Southwest Michigan underMultiple Future Climate SimulationsGlennO'Neil1. GISSpecialist,InstituteofWaterResearch-MichiganStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)

AbstractThisstudyusedtheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)tomapratesofgroundwaterrechargeundervariousprojectionsoffutureclimateinSouthwestMichigan.ThefollowingfiveriverbasinsweremodeledwithSWAT:theKalamazoo,thePawPaw,theheadwatersoftheSt.Joseph(ofIndianaandMichigan),theThornapple,andUpperDowagiac.Eachmodelwasdevelopedusingobservedweatherdatafrom1995to2010,whichwereoriginallyinterpolatedtogridpointsbyMaureretal.(2002).TobestsimulategroundwaterhydrologywithinSWAT,themodelswerecalibratedatmultipleUSGSstreamgagestobaseflowconditions.Themodelswerealsoadjustedtoalignwithpublishedratesofevapotranspiration,publishedestimatesofbaseflowseparation,irrigationratesreportedtoMichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality,andcounty-levelcropyieldestimates.Themodelswerethenrunforwardwithfutureclimatedataorganizedanddown-scaledbyHayhoeetal.(2013)tothegridpointsgeneratedbyMaureretal.Theseclimateprojectionsincluded10differentmodels,eachundertwotothreedifferentscenarios(A1B,A1fi,A2,B1).SWAToutputsprojectedoverallincreasesingroundwaterrechargeratesthroughtheendofthecentury,mainlyattributabletoincreasesinprecipitationwithinthedifferentclimatescenarios.However,rechargeratesincreasedsharplytowardstheendofthecenturyinclimatescenariosinwhichCO2isprojectedtobehigh(A1fi).Thesehigherrateswereattributabletodecreasesinprojectionsofevapotranspiration,whichwereduetodecreasingleafconductanceasCO2levelsrose.Keywordsgroundwater,recharge,climatechange,Michigan

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http://cida.usgs.gov/thredds/catalog.html?dataset=cida.usgs.gov/new_gmo

http://cida.usgs.gov/thredds/catalog.html?dataset=cida.usgs.gov/thredds/dcp/conus_pr


Quantifying the Effects of Climate Change on Runoff, Sediment andChemical Losses for Different Watershed SizesCarlingtonWallace ,DennisFlanagan ,BernardEngel1. PhDCandidate,PurdueUniversity.2. ResearchAgriculturalEngineer,USDA-ARS.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)3. ProfessorandHead,AgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractAssessingthesensitivityofagriculturalwatershedstopossiblechangesinfutureclimateisimperativewhendevelopingappropriatemanagementpractices.Despitenumerousstudiesontheimpactofclimatechangeatdifferentlocalandregionalscales,itisstillnecessarytoevaluatetheimpactofthesechangesonhighlyagriculturalwatershedswithmodifiedhydrologiclandscapes.LikemuchoftheMidwest,thehydrologyinnortheasternIndianaisdominatedbysubsurfacetiledrainagesupplementedwithsurfacedrainageofcloseddepressions(potholes).Thecloseddepressionsaresiteswithinthelandscapeformedfromglaciation,andinwhichrunoffwatertendstocollectbecausethereisnonaturaloutlet.Inordertomaximizecropproduction,farmersofteninstalltilerisers(averticaltubethatconnectsthebottomofthelowpointofacloseddepressionwiththesubsurfacetiledrainagenetwork)todrainthecloseddepression.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesGlobalChangeResearchProgram(USGCRP),precipitationintheMidwestislikelytofallmorefrequentlyinheavydownpours(projectedtooccurtwotothreetimesasoftenby2100).Thedurationandintensityofprecipitationeventswillhavedirectinfluenceonsurfacerunoff,whichoftentransportssediment,pesticideandnutrientstoriversandstreams.However,thisinfluencecouldbemoreseverinagriculturalwatershedswithsignificantlymodifiedwatershedhydrology.Inthisstudy,theSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),anddownscaledweatherdatageneratedusingtheMarkSimweatherfilegeneratorwasusedtoevaluatethepotentialimpactofchangesintemperature,rainfallandsolarradiationonstreamflow,sedimentandchemicallossesinthehydrologicallymodifiedCedarCreek,F34,AXLandALGwatershedslocatedinnortheasternIndiana.Keywordsclimatechange,MarkSim,modeling,SWAT,waterquality

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Session K2: Model Development

Comparative Analysis of Spatial Resolution Effects on Standard and Grid-based SWAT ModelsGarettPignotti ,HendrikRathjens ,CibinRaj ,VamsiVema ,IndrajeetChaubey ,MelbaCrawford1. GraduateStudent,PurdueUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. PostdoctoralResearcher,PurdueUniversity.3. PostdoctoralResearcher,PurdueUniversity.4. GraduateStudent,IITMadras.5. Professor,PurdueUniversity.6. Professor,PurdueUniversity.

AbstractTraditionalspatialrepresentationoftheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)utilizescommonsoil,landuse,andslopewhendiscretizingalandscape.Whilecomputationallyefficient,suchanapproachreliesuponroutinglandscapeprocessesatthesubwatershedscale,therebyignoringspatialinteractionamongadjacentlandscapeunits.Toovercomesuchlimitations,agrid-basedversionoftheSWATmodel,SWATgrid,wasdevelopedtoperformlandscapesimulationonaregularizedgridandemployamodifiedlandscaperoutingalgorithmtospatiallyconnectthemduringrouting.However,SWATgridremainslargelyuntestedwithlittleunderstandingoftheeffectofuserdefinedgridcellsize.Moreover,increasesincomputationtimeeffectivelyprecludedirectcalibrationofSWATgrid,insteadnecessitatingparametertransferfromastandardSWATmodel.Therefore,togaininsightintodefininganappropriaterangeofspatialresolutionsforfutureSWATgridapplication,thisresearchconsiderstwoobjectives:1)effectofinputdataspatialresolutiononmodeloutput,and2)effectofscaleoncalibratedparameterdistributions.BaselineSWATinputdata,nominallyat30m,wasrescaledforarangeofresolutionsupto1,000m.ImpactsofinputdataspatialscalewereconsideredbycalibratingastandardSWATmodelandholdingcalibratedparametersconstant.StandardandgriddedSWATmodelswerecomparedrelativetosimulatedhydrologyandwaterqualityovercoarsenedscalesasdefinedbytherescaledinputdata.Differencesinpredictionswereanalyzedwithrespecttobothmodeltypeandresolution.Conversely,parametersensitivitytoscalewasevaluatedbyindividuallycalibratingstandardmodelsatallresolutionsandexaminingparametercongruencyordivergence.Resultsindicatethat:1)thegriddedapproachunderpredictssimulatedstreamflowrelativetobothobservedandsimulateddatafromstandardSWAToutputand2)parametersmaybetransferableuptoagridsizeof90m.Overall,resultsfromthisanalysisservetobetterdefineoptimalapplicationsoftheSWATgridmodelaswellserveasageneralguidelineindeterminingidealspatialresolutionsforfuturesimulations.Keywordsgrid;resolution;calibration

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Improved physical representation of vegetative filter strip in SWATRajCibin ,IndrajeetChaubey ,MathewHelmers ,KPSudheer ,MikeWhite ,JeffreyArnold1. Postdoctoralresearchassociate,DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniveristy.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering;DepartmentofEarth,AtmosphericandPlanetarySciences;DivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette.3. DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiosystemsEngineering,IowaStateUniv.,Ames,IA,USA.4. DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai–600036,India;DepartmentofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA..5. USDA-ARSGrassland,Soil,andWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,Texas,USA..6. USDA-ARSGrassland,Soil,andWaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,Texas,USA..AbstractQuantificationofeffectivenessofconservationpracticesiscriticalinprecisionconservationplanning.VegetativeFilterStrips(VFS)isapopularconservationpracticeinUSA,installedattheedgeofagriculturalfieldstoreducesedimentandnutrientlossesfromintensivelymanagedagriculturalareas.SoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT)iswidelyusedtoquantifytheenvironmentaleffectsofVFS.IncurrentSWATmodel,VFSareaisconsideredasconceptualareawithregressionmodelstorepresentitseffectivenessinimprovingwaterquality.ThisstudyisaimedtoimprovethephysicalrepresentationofVFSinSWATmodeltoimproveecohydrologicprocessrepresentationandtoquantifybiomassproductivityofVFSarea.TheproposedframeworkcreatesexplicitVFSareaandenablesroutingofwater,sedimentandnutrientsfromsourceareathroughtheVFSarea.Additionally,itmakestheinfiltratedwaterandnutrientsavailableforcropuptakeintheVFSarea.TheproposedimprovementsareimplementedinSWATmodelbymodifyinginputfilesthroughMatlabscriptsandalsobychangingSWATfilterstripalgorithmtoenablerouting.ThedevelopedframeworkistestedwiththreepairedwatershedstudieswithandwithoutedgeoffieldVFSintheCentralIowa.TheresultsindicateimprovedphysicalrepresentationofVFSinSWATmodel.KeywordsVegetativefilterstrips,SWATmodel,EnergycropBMP,nonpointsourcepollution,conservationmeasures.

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Coupling aquatic nutrient simulation module (NSMI) and SWAT modelZhonglongZhang ,XinzhongDu,BillyJohnson1. Sr.Scientist.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)AbstractThispaperpresentsthedevelopmentofaquaticnutrientsimulationmodule(NSMI)anditscouplingwithSWATmodel.TheNSMI,developedbytheEnvironmentalLaboratoryofEngineerResearchandDevelopmentCenter,isa“plugin”waterqualitymoduleforexistinghydrologicandhydraulicmodels.TheNSMImodelsalgaeandbenthicalgae,simplifiednitrogen,phosphorusandcarboncycles,organicmatter,carbonaceousbiochemicaloxygendemand,dissolvedoxygenandpathogenusing16statevariables.WaterqualitystatevariablesincludedinNSMIcanbeindividuallyactivatedordeactivated.VariouskineticprocessesandequationsinNSMIhavebeencriticallytestedandverifiedbefore,andthefocushereisonitscouplingwithSWATandarealworldprojectevaluation.TheSWAT-NSMIwasappliedtotheLittleriverwatershedfortheassessmentofinstreamflowwaterquality.Keywordsnutrientsimulationmodule,waterquality,SWAT

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Session K3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty

Comparison of multiple point and single point calibration performance forthe Saginaw River WatershedFariborzDaneshvar ,A.PouyanNejadhashemi ,MatthewHerman1. PhDStudent,MichiganStateUniversity.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. AssociateProfessor,MichiganStateUniversity.3. PhDStudent,MichiganStateUniversity.

AbstractTheSoilandWaterAssessmentTool(SWAT),whichisacomprehensivephysicallybasedmodelforwatershed/waterqualityassessment,usesseveralinputsincludingsoil,elevation,slope,landuseandclimatedata.TheparametersusedbySWAThavetheirowndefaultvalueswhichmustbemodifiedforeachdevelopedmodelduringthecalibrationprocess.Inthisstudy,wecalibratedaSWATmodelfortheSaginawriverwatershed,whichisthelargestsixdigitHydrologicalUnitCode(HUC-6)inMichiganwithmorethanthirteenthousandsreaches.Furthermore,thisregionisdefinedasanareaofconcernbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).Twoapproacheswereusedforstreamflowcalibration:1)usingasinglecalibrationpointclosetothewatershedoutletand2)usingeightobservationpointsandperformingamulti-stepcalibration.ThreestatisticalcriteriaincludingNash–Sutcliffemodelefficiencycoefficient(NSE),percentbias(PBIAS)androotmeansquareerrortothestandarddeviationofobservationdata(RSR)wereusedtoevaluatethestreamflowcalibrationprocess.Usingsinglepointcalibration,assumesthattheentirewatershedhasthesameconditionsandthechangesmadetothedefaultparametervalueswillbeappliedeverywhere.Incontrast,multiplepointcalibrationsplitstheregionintosmallerareaswhicharecalibratedseparately.Thisallowsustoapplydifferentsetsofparametervaluesforeachareawithintheregion.Resultsshowedthatthesecondapproachwilloutperformthecalibrationprocessandwillallowustocapturespatialvariationswithinthewatershed.KeywordsSWAT,Watershedmodeling,Saginaw,Calibration

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Session K3: Sensitivity Calibration and Uncertainty

Evaluating weather observations and the Climate Forecast SystemReanalysis as inputs for hydrologic modeling in the Hawaiian IslandsKimFalinski ,AuerbachDan ,OlesonKirsten ,EastonZachary ,FukaDaniel1. Researchassistant,UniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Email:[email protected](correspondingauthor)2. Post-docresearch,EPA.3. AssistantProfessor,UniversityofHawaiiatManoa.4. Professor,VirginiaTech.5. Post-docresearcher,VirginaTech.

AbstractCorrectlyrepresentingweatheriscriticaltohydrologicalmodeling,butscarcepublicallyavailable,inconsistent,orpoorqualityobservationscanpotentiallycompromisehydrologicmodelaccuracy.Reanalysisdatasetsmayhelptoaddressthisbasicchallenge.TheClimateForecastSystemReanalysis(CFSR)datasetprovidescontinuousrecordsfrom1979totoday,andhaveproducedsatisfactoryhydrologicalmodelperformanceintropicalmontanePuertoRicobetweentheCaribbeanSeaandtheNorthAtlanticOcean,aswellassometemperateandmonsoonallocations.However,theuseofCFSRforhydrologicalmodelingintropicalbasinsinthePacifichasnotyetbeencarefullyevaluated.FortheislandsofKauaiandHawaii,wecomparemodelperformancebasedonCFSRrecordswithperformancebasedonpubliclyavailableweatherstationsintheGlobalHistoricalClimateNetwork(GHCN)andtheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS).AutocalibrationofindividualSWATmodelsforeachoftheavailableUSGSstreamgagebasinswasperformedagainsteachoftheavailableweatherdatasets.Thisstudydemonstratestheneedtoevaluateavailableweatherinputs,whileintroducingtheCFSRasalowerthresholdtoevaluatehydrologicalmodelperformance.Keywordsweatherdata,CFSR,autocalibration,Hawaii

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swat.tamu.edu/conferences/2015-purdue

http://swat.tamu.edu/conferences/2015-purdue/

Documents

SWAT 2015 · a platform to test their hypotheses and continue to push their research to solve global water resources problems. The organizers of the 2015 International SWAT Conference