SWBAT:

Read UpFront article about the Emancipation Proclamation and identify 5 things you LEARNED from the reading.

Do Now:

Describe the impact of the Civil War on various groups of people including women, soldiers, African Americans and children.

The War Behind the LinesCh 11 S 3

Emancipation Proclamation:-allowed African Americans to serve in military

Emancipation Proclamation – January 1, 1863

Lincoln didn’t believe he had power to abolish slavery

Ordered army to emancipate slaves in south

Didn’t immediately free slaves Military action aimed at rebellion Did not apply to union slave states or

confederate areas already under union control

Impact of Proclamation:With a partner, draw a 3 column

chart identifying the moral, political and military impact of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Emancipation Proclamation http://

www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln/videos/gilder-lehrman-the-emancipation-proclamation

Impact of Proclamation: Not much practical effect, but high

symbolic & moral purpose Politically Free blacks – welcomed enlistment Northern Democrats – thought it would

anger south & prolong war Soldiers – grudgingly accepted Confederates – outraged, it was now a

fight to the death!

African Americans Performed “support” jobs on both sides After EP, many escaped slaves and

freedmen joined military Segregated units, did not fight in combat

until July 1863 Lower pay, worst jobs About 10% of union forces by end of war

(fought in 200 battles, 38,000 died) South allowed black soldiers weeks before

war ended

Life in the MilitaryDisease the biggest killer of

soldiers (2x as many as battle)Medical conditions unsanitary,

infections commonU.S. Sanitary Commission created Camp life was boring, lack of

proper food and clothing

Prison Camps At first, neither side kept prisoners, they

promised to return home instead of army or were exchanged

When AA’s began joining army, this changed

Confeds. captured blacks to enslave or execute, both sides began holding prisoners

Not treated well on either side – overcrowded, lack of food, unsanitary

Prison CampsFort Pillow – massacre of African American

prisoners as they begged for their livesAndersonville – South’s worst prison camp,

overcrowded, unsanitaryElmira – northern prison camp, became just

like Andersonvillehttps://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0lpjQi9cI

Life on the Home FrontSouth – shortages due to

blockade, few factories, low food production, inflation, scarcity.

Women looted shops, men left army to help families

Extended enlistments; began draft (conscription), slaveholders exempt

In south, took men age 17-50

Conscription (drafting) South – could hire subs, exempted

planters who owned 20+ slaves (90% of those eligible served)

North – started March 1863; could hire subs or pay $300 to avoid draft

Only 46,000 draftees (92% volunteered) Draft Riots in NY – July 13-16, 1863 Irish immigrants protested, mobs attacked

people & burned buildings (100 died)

Political Problems Lincoln suspended writ of habeus corpus (being

told of charges & evidence against you) Southern sympathizers arrested and held w/out

trial Seized telegraph operations Ignored SC ruling that he went beyond his

Constitutional powers Copperheads – Northern Dems who advocated

peace Davis denounced his actions, later followed his

lead

Women Took over farms, worked in jobs left by

men Helped war effort in many support

roles, some fought in disguise Formed societies to support army Worked in government jobs as clerks Clara Barton – nurse who later founded American Red Cross