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Sweden
Virtual Business Meeting in Pully, Switzerland
9 - 11 September 2020
Jonas Ammenberg
Country reportUpdate on Sweden, focusing on 2018-2019 (-2020)
10,5
4,5
3,7
Use of energy gases 2018/2019: 18,5 TWh
Natural gas
LPG
Biogas
Energy supply & deliveries of energy gases, 2018
Source: Swedish Energy Agency, 2020. Source: Statistics from the Swedish Gas Association, 2019
25% fossil energy Low share/levels of gas
141
22
103
1114
194
462
17 -17
Energy supply 2018: 552 TWh Biomass
Coal and coke
Crude oil and petroleumproductsNatural gas, gasworksgasOther fuels
Nuclear fuel
Primary heat
Hydropower
Windpower
Net electricity import
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Biogas production & number of biogas plants 2018
WWTP Co-digestion Plant Landfills Industrial facilities Farm scale
Production of biogas, 2018
Source: Swedish Energy Agency &Swedish Gas Association
GWh
138
36
556
44279 plants in total, produced 2,03 TWh in 2018
Pcs
Excluding 1 pilot
gasification plant
36%
47%
7%
7%3%
Share of production from different types of biogas plants
WWTPs
Co-digestion plants
Landfills
Industrial facilities
Farm scale
In addition: about
2 TWh/y imported from
Denmark (mainly) and a
few other countries
Utilization of biogas, 2018
Source: Swedish Energy Agency and Swedish Gas Association
About 30% of the imported gas (443 GWh/y) is used as vehicle fuel
63%
20%
2%
3%
1%
10%1%
Utilization of biogas produced in Sweden, 2018
Upgrading: transport (87%)
Heat
Electricity
Industry
Other
Flaring
Losses or no data
Development regarding gas as vehicle fuel
Source: Statistics Sweden (SCB)
• Reached 95% biogas (in 2020).
• Liquified biomethane has entered the market (vehicles & fuels)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Deliveries of gas as vechicle fuel, 2009-2019 (MNm3)
Biogas total, MNm3 Naturgas total, MNm3 Vehicle gas total, MNm3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Total number of gas filling stations
Total number of gas filling stations
Ca 190 public filling stations
Above 1500 GWh in 2019
Development regarding gas as liquified fuel
Source: Statistics Sweden (SCB)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2017 2018 2019
Deliveries of liquified gas fuels
LBG, kg LNG, kg Total, kg
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2017 2018 2019
Refueling stations for liquified gas (LBG/LNG)
Number of refuelling stations
Source: Swedish Gas Association
Development regarding gas vehicles
Sources: Statistics Sweden (SCB) & Transport Analysis
• Ca 54 000 gas vehicles:✓ 42 000 pass. cars✓ 8 500 light lorries✓ 2 600 buses✓ 1000+ heavy lorries
• A shift in focus to electric vehicles (EV):✓ Policy best for (EV), but ok for gas✓ Fewer good gas pass. vehicle
models✓ Promising regarding HDV and LBG
• A large share of second-hand gas vehicles sold to Finland & theCzech republic
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
e.o. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Gas vehicle development, 2008-2019
Passenger cars Light lorries Heavy lorries Buses Total
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Heavy lorries, upscaled
Digestate management
• About 2.8 Mtonnes of digestate in 2018:
– 86% as biofertilizer in agriculture
• Almost 100 % as biofertilizer from co-digestion plants and farm-
scale plants.
• About 40 % as biofertilizer from WWTPs
Source: Swedish Energy Agency & Swedish Gas Association
Development• The Swedish Biogas Research Center released a book in 2019 on
the role of biogas in a sustainable society, comprising examples
of innovative biogas projects in Sweden and in Norway
https://biogasresearchcenter.se/order-book-biogas-in-the-
sustainable-society/?lang=en (english version)
The institutional conditions for biogas
Source: Gustafsson and Anderberg, 2021
New article from BRC
Policy
• New policy:
o Bonus-malus (cars with low CO2 emissions get a bonus,
while cars with high CO2 emissions get a punitive tax. EV
highest bonus)
o Municipal environmental zones – gas vehicles allowed in the
most restricted zones (zone 3)
o Quota obligation for biofuels in gasoline and diesel from
July 1st, 2018
Policy – future
• About 30% increased use of biogas 2017 and 2018, mainly due
to imported gas from Denmark (and a few other countries).
– Sweden has tax exemption for users, while other EU countries have
production support → double subsidies → prices similar to natural
gas for heating/industry
• Enquiry into market conditions for the Swedish biogas sector;
More biogas! For a sustainable Sweden:
o 676 pages!
o Investigation of the most suitable long-term policies for biogas and
biomethane after 2020
o New legal texts suggested → hoping for a rapid implementation
o Focus on the production side
7 TWh/y 2030 from anaerobic digestion
Production target
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2018 2030 low 2030 high
Present production from AD vs target
Manure Food waste WWTP:s, sewage sludge Crops "Food industry"
GWh/y
Source: Marcus Gustafsson
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
Bio
gas
pro
cuct
ion
, TW
h
Production target perspective
10 TWh/y
including gasification
7 TWh/y
from AD
Main support suggested
Package I:
• Continued production support for manure-based biogas: ~ € 0.040 per kWh
• Upgrading support: ~ € 0.020–0.030 per kWh
• Liquefaction support: ~ € 0.010–0.015 per kWh
Package II:
• Beneficial financial instruments (loans, guarantees)
• Some kind of production support (other energy gases/technologies,
i.e. not AD)?
• Ten years support period
Upgrading -
biomethane for
transport & industry!
www.biogasresearchcenter.se