Syed Mobashir Banoori

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)

Scheme of Presentation Power Sector in Pakistan

Energy Mix of Pakistan

Energy Consumption

Generation Cost

Status of NPPs in Pakistan

Significant Challenges

Viability of SMR in Pakistan

SMR Requirements of Pakistan

Nuclear Experience of Pakistan

Technical Collaboration

Power Sector in Pakistan Mix of Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Power units

Hydro and Thermal units are governed by two public sector utilities that are Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) for all of Pakistan except Karachi, and the K-Electric for the City of Karachi and its surrounding areas.

Nuclear Power units are operated by PAEC

Independent power producers contribute significantly in electricity generation

Energy Mix of Pakistan

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2016-17

62%

28%

6% 4%

Thermal

Hydro

Nuclear

RES

50% 26%

10% 8%

Household

Industry

Agriculture

Commercial

Energy Consumption in Pakistan

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2016-17

Generation Cost in Pakistan

Source: Pakistan NEPRA

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Solar Wind Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro

KANUPP CHASNUPP-1 CHASNUPP-2 CHASNUPP-3 CHASNUPP-4

CAPACITY(GROSS) MW

137/100 325 330 340 340

GRID CONNECTION

OCT 1972 JUN 2000 MAR 2011 OCT 2016 JUN 2017

CURRENT CAPACITY FACTOR

48% 97% 100% 93% 52%

Status of NPPs in Pakistan

KANUPP-2 KANUPP-3

CAPACITY(GROSS) MW 1100 1100

FCD 20-08-2015 31-05-2016

GRID CONNECTION

2020 2021

Operational

Under Construction

Capacity Factors

Source: Pakistan NEPRA

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Nuclear Thermal Hydro Public SectorThermal

Wind Solar

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

Significant Challenges

Balancing Pakistan's supply against increasing demand for electricity

Diversification of Power generation sources

Reduction in imported fossil fuel bill

Preservation of limited gas resource

Ageing T&D system leading to high line losses

Reduction of GHG emissions from power generation

Unrealistic power tariff

Revenue recovery issues

Viability of SMR in Pakistan

Severe electricity shortfall / energy crisis

Needs for quick clean and economic energy resources

Plans for generation of 8800 MWe from nuclear contribution by 2030

Small and localized grid

Large far-flung areas requiring small power plants

Modular design of SMRs will allow customized NPPs for different regions

Northern areas face severe winter hence district heating could be provided through deployment of SMR

Long coastal area with severe shortage of potable water specially in metropolitan of Karachi

Desalination using nuclear energy through deployment of SMR is viable

Hybrid energy systems based on SMRs could be deployed in wind corridors and sun rich areas

Ship based SMR is also a feasible option for coastal areas

Viability of SMR in Pakistan

SMR Requirements of Pakistan

Integrated Modular PWR type- Generation III+ designs

Preferably natural circulation based NSSS

Enhanced safety features

Simplified systems and layout

Modern digital I&C system

Reduced siting requirements

Preferably underground containment

Multipurpose applications of electricity generation and desalination

Technical Requirements Feature Requirement

Reactor type Generation III+ innovative PWR, Integrated NSSS, modular design

Single reactor unit module 35-100 MWe

Number of modules per NPP 02 Minimum, extendable to 04 modules

Safety systems Increased passivity, elimination of major accidents by design

Plant life > 40 years

Steam Generator Once-through helical coil

CRDMs Internal

Cogeneration Required

Core damage frequency < 10-6

events/reactor year

Construction Time ~ 36 months

Seismic qualification 0.30 g

Issues related to SMR deployment

Choosing best amongst prevailing designs and technologies

Economic viability and investment protection

Fuel availability/manufacturing

Different operational characteristics

Periodic maintenance and Inspections

Training and capacity building

Risk Assessment

Nuclear Experience of Pakistan 46 years of successful nuclear power generation through

small & medium sized reactors Multiple nuclear reactors are in operation Complete nuclear power program is under safeguards of

IAEA Manufacturing of some components and equipment for

nuclear power plants Involvement in design of nuclear power plants and design

modifications Strong infrastructure of Human Resource development and R&D facilities

Technical Collaboration

Based on technical capabilities and design confidence, Pakistan has the ability to pursue for indigenous development of SMRs, however, due to urgent needs of energy crisis, acquisition of SMRs is also under consideration

Owing to innovative ideas in development of SMRs, collaboration with technology holder countries is viable

Theme of Technical Collaboration

Information exchange and knowledge transfer

Participation in design and development activities

Development of testing and qualification facilities

Mutual technological advancement and improvement

Formation of Joint working groups for continual collaboration

Potential Areas for Collaboration

Design Conceptual to detailed stage Systems and equipment design Thermal hydraulics and core design PSA and accident analysis

Equipment manufacturing Testing Installation Licensing Commissioning and operation

Thanks