Syllabus Chemistry 101 Fall 2008Sec. 501 (MWF 8:00-8:50) Sec 505 (MWF 12:40-1:30) RM

100 HELDProfessor: Dr. Earle G. Stone

Office: Room 123E Heldenfels (HELD) Telephone: 845-3010 (no voice mail) or leave a message at

845-2356email: estone@tamu.edu

(put CHEM 101-Sec. # + subject in subject line of your email)

Office Hours: HELD 123E: Tue. And Thur. 8:00-10:50 AMI.A. TBA

S.I. Leader: TBA

CHEM 101 and 102 are the first-year chemistry sequence in the core curriculum. These are 3-credit courses. All lecture sections strive to cover common content. The lecture component of Chemistry 101 covers stoichiometry, atomic and molecular structure, inorganic and organic nomenclature and structure, chemical bonding, fundamental acid/base chemistry, solution chemistry, properties of liquids and solids, and the gas laws. Additionally, it is the goal of my lecture section to help you develop the skill set to successfully complete your undergraduate degree and as most in this class are pre-something to prepare you for your professional school entrance exam.

AllCollege 498 100%BIMS 176 35% 2012 399Science 126 25% 2011 77GEST 64 13% 2010 16Ag BICH, NUSC, GENE 28 6% 2009 4Engineering 21 4% 2008 1Education 30 6% Geosciences 5 1%Liberal Arts 10 2%Agriculture other 25 5% 78% Science or Pre-somethingArchitecture 7 1% 22% This is a great way to learn how to survive collegeBusiness 6 1%

501 505  College 249 100% College 249 100%BIMS 60 24% BIMS 116 47%Science 80 32% Science 46 18%Ag BICH, NUSC, GENE 20 13% Ag BICH, NUSC, GENE 8 3%GEST 32 8% GEST 32 13%Engineering 14 6% Engineering 7 3%Education 15 6% Education 15 6%Geosciences 2 1% Geosciences 3 1%Liberal Arts 5 2% Liberal Arts 10 4%Agriculture other 11 4% Agriculture other 8 3%Architecture 6 2% Architecture 1 0%Business 4 2% Business 2 1%

Top Ten Most Repeated Comments

8a. Well organized notes with the problems available online. 8b. (Wish the material was available so I did not have to write down the problems.)

3. Tell us what to know and don’t expect us to figure it out on our own. Teach how to do the problems in class not just theory. Actually work through the problems, rather than say the rest is math.

5. I felt like I was seeing much of the material for the first time on the tests. The

instructor should relate class to exams to encourage attendance.

9. His teaching methods make it easy to learn. 10. He needs to take a class in teaching.

1. But I did not have to study in High School.

6. The information covered did not pertain to my major as much as BIMS or others.

4. Used material from tests earlier in the semester on later exams. The Free Response was very random and not at all like the problems worked in class. The material in class was simpler than the material on the exam.

2. The instructor places too much responsibility on the student by not requiring homework which I feel would have helped me if I had done it promptly. Give a few quizzes to make sure we are doing the required work outside of class

7. Very good at concentrating on important material and concepts and explaining

them, while spending little time on extraneous issues.

http://slc.tamu.edu/ Tutoring Supplemental Instruction

Courses Texas Success Initiative About Us Contact Us 118 Hotard North of Sbisa, between

Neeley Hall and the Northside Post Office (979) 845-2724

The Student Learning Center has won the 2008 National College Learning Center Association Frank L. Christ Outstanding Learning Center Award! The award recognizes the center's commitment to supporting and strengthening the Academic experience of students at Texas A&M University by providing a variety of programs and services that promote retention and success. Read more...  The Student Learning Center provides Supplemental Instruction and tutoring free of charge to all Texas A&M University students. The SLC oversees the STLC courses (formerly CAEN), which teach students how to improve their study skills and prepare for the job market. The SLC manages Developmental programs for students who have not yet passed the assessment tests required by the state.

Study Tips•General •Time Management •Reading Textbooks •Setting Goals •Preparing for Exams •Success Tips from Fellow Aggies

Tutoring During the Fall 2008 semester, drop-in tutoring will be offered Sunday nights 5-8pm and Monday through Thursday nights from 5-10pm. Tutoring will begin on Monday, September 1st. Tutor Zones are currently planned for Studio 12 of The Commons. Look for our table and tutors and just ask for help! See the schedule... Drop-in tutoring is available for most lower level math and science courses on the first floor of Hotard Hall. Tutors are also available to help out with many other courses. If you need help in a particular course and would like to check to see if a tutor is available for that course, you can contact our tutor coordinator, Linda Callen, at 845-2724.  

Suggested Course Materials:“Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Any Edition”, by Kotz, Treichel, and Weaver

or Mastering the Fundamental Skills – General Chemistry I as a Second Language

HelpfulDictionary of Chemistry

Useful As A Second

Language Organic Chemistry I (There is a O-chem

II also for those who will have to

take the class.

Ebook includesOnline tutorialSolution manual$45 per semester

Hardbound ~$150Solution Manual ~$40Online Tutor ~$45

Week Date End of Chapter Questions

1

25-Aug

Syllabus

Chapter 1–11,13,30,43,45,78,80

Chapters 1, 2, 9

27-Aug

1,2,3 Chapter 2 – 1,27,29,57Chapter 3 – 7, 8, 19, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, 39, 47, 51, 56, 61, 85

29-Aug

3

2

1-Sept

3,4

3-Sept

4 Chapter 4 – 5, 6, 7, 17, 19, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83

5-Sept

3

8-Sept Exam #1 Chapters 1,2,3,4

10-Sept

7,8,9 Chapter 7 – 49, 65, 69, 79 Chapter 8 – 1, 3, 5, 7, 17, 31, 39, 47, 71Chapter 9 – 19, 23, 27, 29, 33, 43, 55, 95

Chapters 3,6

12-Sept

4

15-Sept17-Sept19-Sept

5

22-Sept

10 Chapter 10 – 5, 7, 11, 13, 23, 29, 33, 51, 53

24-Sept Exam #2 Chapters 7,8,9,10

26-Sept

11 Chapter 11 – 5, 7, 12, 15, 19, 25

Klein Organic Chapters 5, 7;Traynham

6

29-Sept1-Oct3-Oct

7

6-Oct 22.3-22.6

Chapter 22 - 13,15, 17,19,218-Oct

10-Oct

8

13-Oct

5 Chapter 5 – 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 29, 31, 35, 37, 39, 41, 47, 49, 55, 57, 59, 61, 67, 69, 73, 83, 85, 103, 115, 125

Chapters 7,8; Organic 3,4

15-Oct17-Oct

9

20-Oct22-Oct24-Oct

10

27-Oct Exam # 3 Chapters 5,11,22

29-Oct 6 Chapter 6 – 9, 27, 33, 39, 43, 45, 47, 51, 59, 61, 71, 79, 83, 89

Chapter 531-Oct

11 3-Nov5-Nov7-Nov

12

10-Nov

13 Chapter 13 – 1, 3, 7, 13, 19, 33, 35, 37

 

12-Nov14-Nov

13

17-Nov

12 Chapter 12 - 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 19, 25, 31, 37, 59, 63, 75, 77, 81, 91, 99

Chapter 4

19-Nov21-Nov

14

24-Nov Exam # 4 Chapter 6,12,13

26-Nov Reading Day   

28-Nov Thanksgiving Holiday

15

1-Dec Reading Day2-Dec Reading Day

5-DecFinal morning Sec 501 10 a.m. - Noon

16 8-DecFinal afternoon Sec 504 10:30AM-12:30 PM

Grading:Your grade will be based on

•Four one-hour examinations (each worth 200 points) •A final examination (400 points)

There are no bonuses, no extra credit, no soft points

Major Examination Schedule Fall 2005:Mon. Sept. 8 Major Exam No.1Wed. Sept. 24 Major Exam No.2Mon. Oct. 27 Major Exam No.3Mon. Nov. 24 Major Exam No. 4

Fri. Dec. 5 Section 501 Final Exam 10:00 to 12:00Mon. Dec. 8 Section 505 Final Exam 10:30 to 12:30

ABCD,F,Q,W

46%46%

63%63%

80%80%

97%97%29%29%

100%100%

90%90%

80%80%

70%70%

60%60%

What you are used toWhat you are used toThe way the real world worksThe way the real world works

++3%3%

approximate points needed for letter grade100% A B C D

after Exam 1 200 150 120 90 60after Exam 2 400 300 240 180 120after Exam 3 600 450 360 270 180after Exam 4 800 600 480 360 240after Final 1200 900 720 540 360

Problem - Problem - A situation that presents difficulty, uncertainty, or A situation that presents difficulty, uncertainty, or perplexity: perplexity:

The mere formulation of a problem is far more often essential The mere formulation of a problem is far more often essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to or experimental skill. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advances in science. Albert Einsteinimagination and marks real advances in science. Albert Einstein

Question - Question - A request for data: inquiry, interrogation, query. A request for data: inquiry, interrogation, query.

Answer - Answer - A spoken or written reply, as to a question.A spoken or written reply, as to a question.

Solution - Solution - Something worked out to explain, resolve, or provide a Something worked out to explain, resolve, or provide a method for dealing with and settling a problem.method for dealing with and settling a problem.

(m)

c (ms-1)E =

1.1. Numbers –Numbers – Significant Figures, Rounding Rules, Accuracy, Significant Figures, Rounding Rules, Accuracy, Precision, Statistical Treatment of the DataPrecision, Statistical Treatment of the Data

2.2. Units –Units – 5 of the 7 5 of the 71.1. Time – seconds Time – seconds 2.2. Length – Meters Density?Length – Meters Density?3.3. Mass – grams Mass – grams Molecular Weight (Mass) Molecular Weight (Mass)4.4. Amount – Moles Amount – Moles Mole Ratio, Molarity, Mole Ratio, Molarity,

molalitymolality5.5. Temperature – Kelvins Temperature – Kelvins

3.3. VocabularyVocabulary – – Approximately 100 new terms or words and Approximately 100 new terms or words and applying new or more rigid definitions to words you may already applying new or more rigid definitions to words you may already own.own.

4.4. Principles (Theories and Laws) – Principles (Theories and Laws) – Stoichiometry, Stoichiometry, Quantum Theory, Bonding, Chemical Periodicity, Solutions, Quantum Theory, Bonding, Chemical Periodicity, Solutions, Thermodynamics, Intermolecular Forces, Gas LawsThermodynamics, Intermolecular Forces, Gas Laws

ccpp = q/m = q/mTT rate = k[A]rate = k[A]mm[B][B]nn ∆E ∆E = q + w= q + wG = G = H – TH – TSS EEoo

cellcell = E = Ecathodecathode = E = Eanodeanode

PV = nRTPV = nRT %yield = actual/theoretical * 100%%yield = actual/theoretical * 100% K =K =

T = KT = Kmimi

[C]c[D]d

[A]a[D]b

Use of NumbersUse of Numbers• Exact numbersExact numbers

– 1 dozen = 12 things for example1 dozen = 12 things for example

• Accuracy Accuracy – how closely measured values agree with the correct valuehow closely measured values agree with the correct value

• PrecisionPrecision– how closely individual measurements agree with each otherhow closely individual measurements agree with each other

• Significant Figures – start at the left and proceed to the rightSignificant Figures – start at the left and proceed to the right– If the number does not have a decimal point count until there are no more non zero numbersIf the number does not have a decimal point count until there are no more non zero numbers– If the number has a decimal point start counting at the first non-zero number and continue If the number has a decimal point start counting at the first non-zero number and continue

counting until you run out of decimal placescounting until you run out of decimal places• Scientific notation – use it.Scientific notation – use it.

Use of NumbersUse of Numbers

• Addition & Subtraction ruleAddition & Subtraction rule

More subtle than the multiplication ruleMore subtle than the multiplication rule

Answer contains smallest decimal place of the addends.Answer contains smallest decimal place of the addends.

6.95 tooff round

9463.6

20.2

423.1

3692.3

6.671 tooff round

6707.6

312.2

7793.8

When a 5 appears. Is there anything to the right of the 5 greater than zero?Is the number to the left of the 5 odd?Is the number to the left of the 5 even? (Treat 0 as even.)

• Multiplication & Division rule Multiplication & Division rule

Easier of the two rulesEasier of the two rules

Product has the smallest number of significant figures of Product has the smallest number of significant figures of multipliersmultipliers

5.22 tooff round

21766.5

31.2x

224.4

3.9 tooff round

89648.3

41.x

2783.2

How many sig figs?0.071320078430001.4800100100.0894.003894000.0300074.000

How many sig figs in the answer?472x1014600x0.00536.0x475245.08/36.21.003/85000.003/472x123.003/475.0x0.30/5240.3005x4.123.56+24.9834.78-2.89246.83-0.0334.892+5.0134.033-0.0248.2-46

Round off to two sig figs34.7817.5148.5045.5000124.3317.5020.545.5000

(1.68)[ ]23.56 – 2.31.248 x 103

=

Scientific MethodScientific Method

1.1.ObservationObservation

2.2.HypothesisHypothesis

3.3.ExperimentExperiment

4.4.TheoryTheory

5.5.LawLaw

1

2

3

5

4

http://museum.nist.gov/exhibits/adx2/index.htmhttp://museum.nist.gov/exhibits/adx2/index.htmhttp://www.batteryequaliser.com/behome.htmlhttp://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5945236-description.html

Matter and Energy - VocabularyMatter and Energy - Vocabulary• Chemistry

– Science that describes matter – its properties-composition-structure, the changes it undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany those processes

• Matter– Anything that has mass and occupies space.

• Energy– The capacity to do work or transfer heat.

• Chemical Properties - chemical changes– rusting or oxidation – chemical reactions

• Physical Properties - physical changes– changes of state– density, color, solubility

• Extensive Properties - depend on quantity• Intensive Properties - do not depend on quantity• Scientific (natural) law

– A general statement based the observed behavior of matter to which no exceptions are known.

Natural LawsNatural Laws• Law of Conservation of Mass – Law of Conservation of Mass – The notion that mass, or matter, The notion that mass, or matter,

can be neither created nor destroyed.can be neither created nor destroyed.

• Law of Conservation of Energy – Law of Conservation of Energy – A law that states that in any A law that states that in any system not involving nuclear reactions or velocities approaching the velocity system not involving nuclear reactions or velocities approaching the velocity of light, energy cannot be created or destroyed. The First Law of of light, energy cannot be created or destroyed. The First Law of Thermodynamics.Thermodynamics.

• Law of Conservation of Mass – Energy - Einstein’s Law of Conservation of Mass – Energy - Einstein’s Relativity - E=mcRelativity - E=mc2 2 – – The special theory of relativity, which has been The special theory of relativity, which has been verified by experiment, has shown that the mass of a body changes as the verified by experiment, has shown that the mass of a body changes as the energy possessed by the body changes. Such changes in mass are too small to energy possessed by the body changes. Such changes in mass are too small to be detected except in subatomic phenomena. Matter may be created by the be detected except in subatomic phenomena. Matter may be created by the materialization of a photon into an electron-positron pair; or it may be materialization of a photon into an electron-positron pair; or it may be destroyed, by the annihilation of this pair of elementary particles to produce a destroyed, by the annihilation of this pair of elementary particles to produce a pair of photons. pair of photons.

• Law of Definite Proportions – Law of Definite Proportions – When two or more elements When two or more elements combine to form a compound, their masses in that compound are in a fixed combine to form a compound, their masses in that compound are in a fixed and definite ratio. This data helps justify an atomic view of matter.and definite ratio. This data helps justify an atomic view of matter.

• Law of Multiple Proportions – Law of Multiple Proportions – When two elements combine to When two elements combine to form more than one compound, the mass of element A which combines in the form more than one compound, the mass of element A which combines in the first compound with a given amount of element B has a simple whole number first compound with a given amount of element B has a simple whole number ratio with the mass of element A which combines in the second compound ratio with the mass of element A which combines in the second compound with the same given mass of element B.with the same given mass of element B.

Dr. Stone’s patent pending chemistry problem Dr. Stone’s patent pending chemistry problem solversolver

1.1. Write down everything you are givenWrite down everything you are given•VocabularyVocabulary•NumbersNumbers•UnitsUnits

2.2. Write down what you want to knowWrite down what you want to know•VocabularyVocabulary•NumbersNumbers•UnitsUnits

3.3. Write down mathematical equation(s) that Write down mathematical equation(s) that include(s) these values and unitsinclude(s) these values and units

•PrinciplesPrinciples

4.4. Write a balanced stoichiometric equationWrite a balanced stoichiometric equation•Mole conceptMole concept

5.5. Convert everything to molesConvert everything to moles•DimensionalDimensional analysisanalysis

6.6. Convert everything to the unknown’s unitsConvert everything to the unknown’s units•Rounding, significant figures, accuracy and precisionRounding, significant figures, accuracy and precision

Compounds & MoleculesCompounds & Molecules• COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS are a combination of 2 or are a combination of 2 or

more elements in definite ratios by mass. more elements in definite ratios by mass.

• The character of each element is lost when The character of each element is lost when

forming a compound.forming a compound.

• MOLECULESMOLECULES are the smallest unit of a are the smallest unit of a

compound that retains the characteristics of compound that retains the characteristics of

the compound. the compound. Composition of molecules is given by aComposition of molecules is given by a

CHEMICAL FORMULACHEMICAL FORMULACC88HH1010NN44OO22 - caffeine - caffeine

HH22OO

MOLECULAR FORMULASMOLECULAR FORMULASMOLECULAR FORMULASMOLECULAR FORMULAS

•Formula for glycine is Formula for glycine is CC22HH55NONO22

•In one molecule there areIn one molecule there are–2 C atoms2 C atoms–5 H atoms5 H atoms–1 N atom1 N atom–2 O atoms2 O atoms

WRITING FORMULASWRITING FORMULASWRITING FORMULASWRITING FORMULAS

• Can write glycine chemical formula asCan write glycine chemical formula as

– HH22NCHNCH22COOHCOOH

to show atom orderingto show atom ordering

• or in the bond-line structural formulaor in the bond-line structural formula

C

H

H C

H

H

O

O HN

Chemical Formula – chemical symbols and number of each Chemical Formula – chemical symbols and number of each representing compositionrepresenting composition

Empirical Formula – simplest ratio of elements that does not Empirical Formula – simplest ratio of elements that does not represent the actual represent the actual number and is non-positionalnumber and is non-positional

Molecular Formula – chemical symbols and number of each Molecular Formula – chemical symbols and number of each representing representing composition representing actual composition representing actual number but not positionnumber but not position

Structural Formula - chemical symbols and number of each Structural Formula - chemical symbols and number of each representing representing composition representing actual composition representing actual number and positionnumber and position

MOLECULAR MODELINGMOLECULAR MODELINGMOLECULAR MODELINGMOLECULAR MODELING

C

H

H C

H

H

O

O HN

Ball & stickBall & stick Space-fillingSpace-filling

Bond-line Bond-line Structural Structural formula of formula of glycineglycine

STRUCTURAL

FORMULA

BOND-LINE FORMULA

IONSIONS are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative are atoms or groups of atoms with a positive or negative

charge. charge.

Taking awayTaking away an electron from an atom gives a an electron from an atom gives a CATIONCATION with a with a

positive chargepositive charge

AddingAdding an electron to an atom gives an an electron to an atom gives an ANIONANION with a with a

negative chargenegative charge..

PREDICTING ION CHARGES

In generalIn general

• metals (Mg) lose electrons ---> cationsmetals (Mg) lose electrons ---> cations

• nonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> anionsnonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> anions

• Charges on Common Ions

• CATION + ANION → COMPOUND

• A neutral compound requires equal number of + and - charges.A neutral compound requires equal number of + and - charges.

Monovalent Divalent TrivalentHydronium H3O+ Magnesium Mg2+ Aluminium Al3+

(or hydrogen) H+ Calcium Ca2+ Antimony III Sb3+

Lithium Li+ Strontium Sr2+ Bismuth III Bi3+

Sodium Na+ Beryllium Be2+

Potassium K+ Manganese II Mn2+

Rubidium Rb+ Barium Ba2+

Cesium Cs+ Zinc Zn2+

Francium Fr+ Cadmium Cd2+

Silver Ag+ Nickel II Ni2+

Ammonium NH4+ Palladium II Pd2+

Thalium Tl+ Platinum II Pt2+

Copper I Cu+ Copper II Cu2+

Mercury II Hg2+

Mercury I Hg22+

Iron II Fe2+ Iron III Fe3+

Cobalt II Co2+ Cobalt III Co3+

Chromium II Cr2+ Chromium III Cr3+

Lead II Pb2+

Tin II Sn2+

Table of Common IonsCommon Positive Ions

(Cations)

Monovalent Divalent TrivalentHydride H- Oxide O2- Nitride N3-

Fluoride Fl- Peroxide O22-

Chloride Cl- Sulfide S2-

Bromide Br- Selenide Se2-

Iodide I- Oxalate C2O42-

Hydroxide OH- Chromate CrO42-

Permangante MnO4- Dichromate Cr2O7

2-

Cyanide CN- Tungstate WO42-

Thiocynate SCN- Molybdate MoO42-

Acetate C2H3O2- tetrathionate S4O6

2-

Nitrate NO3- Thiosulfate S2O3

2-

Bisulfite HSO3- Sulfite SO3

2-

Bisulfate HSO4- Sulfate SO4

2-

Bicarbonate HCO3- Carbonate CO3

2-

Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4- Hydrogen phosphate HPO4

2- Phosphate PO43-

Nitrite NO2-

Amide NH2-

Hypochlorite ClO-

Chlorite ClO2-

Chlorate ClO3-

Perchlorate ClO4-

Table of Common Ions Common Negative Ions (Anions)