DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT A Stanford University Massive Open Online Course Featured on www.coursera.org Offered Spring 2013 Larry Diamond Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution and Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford Director, Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law Professor of Political Science and Sociology, by Courtesy e-mail: ldiamond@stanford.edu

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Course Description and Requirements This course is intended as a broad, introductory survey of the political, social, cultural, economic, institutional, and international factors that foster and obstruct the development and consolidation of democracy. Each factor will be examined in historical and comparative perspective, with reference to a variety of different national experiences. Students are encouraged to relate the historical development and contemporary situation of particular countries and regions (especially their own) to the various theories about democratic development, and to evaluate those theories in light of country experience. It is also hoped that students in developing or prospective democracies can use the theories, ideas, and lessons in the class to help build or improve democracy in their own countries. This course is primarily intended for individuals in college or beyond, with some academic background or preparation in political science or the social sciences. However, it seeks to be accessible and useful to a diverse international audience, including college students, instructors at the second and college levels, government officials, development professionals, civil society leaders, journalists, bloggers, activists, and individuals involved in a wide range of activities and professions related to the development and deepening of democracy. This is an online version of an upper-division undergraduate course at Stanford University. As an online course, the reading is more limited, but the full reading list for the Stanford course will be posted on the Coursera web page. Students who successfully complete this Massive Open Online Course will be given a Statement of Accomplishment. This requires answering online quiz questions at the end of each lecture segment to verify that the student has watched at least 80 percent of the lectures, and then passing an online, “objective” (finite-answer) final exam at the end of the course. This exam will be based solely on the lectures. An additional and more demanding exam will be offered to those who are ready to be examined on the reading for the class as well. Those who pass that second exam will gain a Statement of Accomplishment with Distinction. Students are also encouraged to become active participants during the course through the online chat sessions and sections that will be established, or to form in-person discussion groups in their own communities.

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SCHEDULE OF LECTURES

Democratic Development Spring 2013

Week beginning 1 April 1 Introduction to the Course, Why Democracy? What Is Democracy? Regime Types The Third Wave of Democratization and its Ebb 2 April 8 Legitimacy, Authority and Effectiveness Democratic Consolidation 3 April 15 Political Culture and Democracy Measuring Support for Democracy 4 April 22 Economic Development Civil Society and the Civic Community 5 April 29 Democratic Transitions: Historical Perspectives Democratic Transitions: Contemporary Experiences 6 May 6 Constitutional Design Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government Parties and Party Systems 7 May 13 Electoral Systems Choosing between Different Systems 8 May 20 Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict Managing Ethnic Conflict Federalism 9 May 27 Horizontal Accountability and the Rule of Law Controlling Corruption Democratic Breakdowns 10 June 3 International Factors Promoting Democracy The Future of Democracy

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RECOMMENDED COURSE TEXTS

1. Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy: The Struggle to Build Free Societies Throughout the World (New York: Times Books, 2008).

Available for purchase online in the following formats: Kindle edition: http://www.amazon.com/The-Spirit-Democracy-Throughout-ebook/dp/B000V770FK/ref=tmm_kin_title_0 Nook edition: http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Spirit-of-Democracy/Larry-Diamond/e/9780805089134 Kobo edition: http://www.kobobooks.com/ebook/The-Spirit-of-Democracy/book-0nwY0rSUnk2i493w_nPwTA/page1.html ePub edition: http://www.booksamillion.com/p/Spirit-Democracy/Larry-Diamond/Q598972510

2. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth

Century (University of Oklahoma Press, 1991). Kindle edition: http://www.amazon.com/Third-Wave-Democratization-Distinguished-ebook/dp/B0099P9S1E/ref=sr_1_1?s=digital-text&ie=UTF8&qid=1363162440&sr=1-1&keywords=the+third+wave+huntington

SCHEDULE OF READINGS

Note: Readings preceded by “Web” are available to registered students on the Website for

the course. Some other articles are generally available online, as noted. April 1: Introduction to the Course, Concepts of Democracy

Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy, pp. 20-26 Web Philippe Schmitter and Terry Karl, "What Democracy Is…and Is Not,"

Journal of Democracy 2 (July 1991): 75-88. Web Larry Diamond and Leonardo Morlino, “The Quality of Democracy: An

Overview,” Journal of Democracy 15 (October 2004): 20-31. Web Larry Diamond, “Why Wait for Democracy,” The Wilson Quarterly,

Winter 2013, http://www.wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?AID=2237. The Warsaw Declaration of the Community of Democracies, 26-27

June, 2000: http://www.community-democracies.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=379:warsaw-declaration&catid=17:ministerial-declarations&Itemid=62. .

Assessing the Third Wave of Global Democratization Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave, pp. 3-46 Diamond, Spirit of Democracy, 39-87.

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Web Larry Diamond, “Democracy’s Third Wave Today,” Current History, November 2011.

Thomas Carothers, “The End of the Transition Paradigm,” Journal of

Democracy 13 (January 2002): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Carothers-13-1.pdf.

Web Guillermo O'Donnell, "Delegative Democracy," Journal of Democracy

5 (1994): 55-69.

April 8: Legitimacy, Authority, and Effectiveness Web S. M. Lipset, Political Man, Ch. 3, "Social Conflict, Legitimacy and

Democracy," pp. 64-79. Huntington, The Third Wave, pp. 46-58.

Democratic Consolidation

Web Diamond, Developing Democracy, pp. 64-77.

Web Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, “Toward Consolidated Democracies,” Journal of Democracy 7 (April 1996): 14-33.

Web Andreas Schedler, “What is Democratic Consolidation?” Journal of

Democracy 9 (April 1998): 91-107. Diamond, Spirit of Democracy, Ch. 7, 153-168. April 15 Political Culture Web Diamond, Developing Democracy, pp.161-174.

Yun-han Chu, Michael Bratton, Marta Lagos, Sandeep Shastri, and Mark Tessler, “Public Opinion and Democratic Legitimacy,” Journal of Democracy 19 (April 2008) http://www.globalbarometers.org/06_19.2chu.pdf

Michael Bratton, “Trends in Popular Attitudes toward Multiparty Democracy in Africa,” Afrobarometer Briefing Paper no. 105, October 2012, http://www.afrobarometer.org/files/documents//briefing_papers/afrobriefno105a.pdf. Yun-han Chu, Bridget Welsh and Alex Chang, Briefing Paper Series no. 64, Asian Barometer, “Congruence and Variation in Sources of Regime Support in Asia,” May 2012, http://www.asianbarometer.org/newenglish/publications/workingpapers/no.64.pdf.

Latinobarometro, 2010 Report,

http://www.latinobarometro.org/latino/LATContenidos.jsp.

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Are Democratic Values Universal?

Diamond, Spirit of Democracy, pp. 17-20, 26-38, 176-179, 198-199, 257-259, 277-278.

Huntington, The Third Wave, pp. 298-311. Web Amartya Sen, “Democracy as a Universal Value,” JOD 10 (July 1999): 3-17.

Web Russell Bova, “Democracy and Liberty: The Cultural Connection,” JOD

8 (January 1997): 112-126.

Web Michael Bratton, “The ‘Alternation Effect’ in Africa,” Journal of Democracy 15 (October 2004): 147-158.

Web Mark Tessler, Amaney Jamal and Michael Robbins, “New Findings on

Arabs and Democracy,” Journal of Democracy 23 (October 2012): 89-103.

Web Alfred Stepan with Graeme B. Robertson, “An ‘Arab’ More than

‘Muslim’ Electoral Gap,” Journal of Democracy 14 (July 2003): 30-44. For Students Further Interested in The Middle East and Islamic World

Olivier Roy, “The Transformation of the Arab World,” Journal of

Democracy 23 (July 2012): 5-18. http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Roy-23-3.pdf.

Debate between Hillel Fradkin and Olivier Roy, Journal of Democracy

January 2013 http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Fradkin-24-1.pdf http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Roy-24-1.pdf

April 22: Economic Development and Class Structure Web S. M. Lipset, Political Man, Ch. 2, "Economic Development and

Democracy," pp. 27-53, 469-476. Huntington, The Third Wave, 59-72, 311-316.

Web Christian Welzel and Ronald Inglehart, “The Role of Ordinary People in Democratization,” JOD 19 (January 2008): 126-140.

Alejandro Toledo, et al., Social Agenda for Democracy in Latin

America for the Next Twenty Years (Lima: Global Center for Development and Democracy, Nov. 2009), Executive Summary, pp. 5-

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20), http://www.alejandrotoledo.info/cgdd/files/d96f-df58-executive-summary-final_7-x-09.pdf.

Civil Society Web Larry Diamond, "Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic

Consolidation” Journal of Democracy 5, July 1994, pp. 4-17.

Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. 2, Book 2, Ch's 5-7. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/ch2_05.htm http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/ch2_06.htm http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/ch2_07.htm

Web William A. Galston, “Civil Society and the ‘Art’ of Association,” Journal of Democracy 11, no. 1 (January 2000): 64-70.

April 29: Paths and Drivers of Democratic Transition

Dankwart Rustow, "Transitions to Democracy," Comparative Politics vol. 2 (1970), pp. 337-363. http://dcpis.upf.edu/~raimundo-viejo/docencia/pehe/pdfstransiciones/Rustow_1970.pdf.

Diamond, Spirit of Democracy, pp. 88-105. Sheri Berman, “How Democracies Emerge: Lessons from Europe,”

Journal of Democracy 18 (January 2007): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Berman-18-1.pdf.

Michael McFaul, “Transitions from Postcommunism,” Journal of

Democracy 16 (July 2005): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/McFaul-16-3.pdf.

Lucan Way, “The Real Causes of the Color Revolutions,” Journal of

Democracy 19 (July 2008): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Way-19-3.pdf.

Larry Diamond, “Liberation Technology,” Journal of Democracy 21 (July 2010): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Diamond-21-3.pdf.

May 6: Basic Issues in Constitutional Design of Democracy Web Larry Diamond, “Three Paradoxes of Democracy,” Journal of Democracy 1 (July 1990): 48-60. Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government

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Web Juan Linz, "The Perils of Presidentialism," Journal of Democracy 1 (January 1990): 51-70.

Web Donald Horowitz, Juan Linz, and S. M. Lipset, Debate, "Presidents vs.

Parliaments," Journal of Democracy 1 (October 1990): 73-92. Arturo Valenzuela, “Latin American Presidencies Interrupted,” Journal

of Democracy 15 (October 2004): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Valenzuela-15-4.pdf.

The Role of Institutions in Political Development Diamond, Developing Democracy, pp. 93-99 Daniel N. Posner and Daniel J. Young, “The Institutionalization of

Political Power in Africa,” Journal of Democracy 18 (July 2007): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/PosnerandYoung-18-3.pdf.

Parties and Party Systems

Web Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther, eds., Political Parties and

Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), pp. ix-xvi, 7-9.

May 13: Electoral Systems Web Donald L. Horowitz, “Electoral Systems: A Primer for Decision

Makers,” Journal of Democracy 14 (October 2003): 115-127. Web Arend Lijphart, "Constitutional Choices for New Democracies," in

Journal of Democracy (Winter 1991): 72-84.

Web Guy Lardeyret, Quentin Quade, and Arend Lijphart, "Debate: Proportional Representation," in Journal of Democracy (Summer 1991): 30-48.

Web Ken Gladdish, "Choosing an Electoral System: The Primacy of the

Particular," Journal of Democracy 4 (January 1993): 53-65. May 20: Social Cleavages, Ethnicity, and Ethnic Conflict

Web Donald Horowitz, "Democracy in Divided Societies," Journal of Democracy 4 (October 1993): 18-38.

Web Arend Lijphart, “Constitutional Design for Divided Societies,” Journal of

Democracy 15 (April 2004): 96-109.

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Web Alfred Stepan, “Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model,” Journal of Democracy 10 (October 1999): 19-34.

May 27: Horizontal Accountability, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy, Ch. 13, pp. 291-313.

Web Guillermo O’Donnell, “Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies,” Journal of Democracy 9 (July 1998): 112-126.

M. Steven Fish, "Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies,"

Journal of Democracy 17 (January 2006): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Fish-17-1.pdf.

Web Guillermo O’Donnell, “The Quality of Democracy: Why the Rule of Law

Matters,” Journal of Democracy 15 (October 2004): 32-46. Donald L. Horowitz, “Constitutional Courts: A Primer for Decision

Makers,” Journal of Democracy 17 (October 2006), http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Horowitz-17-4.pdf.

Web Robert Klitgaard, “Political Corruption: Strategies for Reform,” Journal

of Democracy 2, no. 4 (Fall 1991): 86-100. Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, “Controlling Corruption through Collective

Action,” Journal of Democracy 24 (January 2013): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Mungiu-Pippidi-24-1.pdf.

Democratic Breakdowns Web Juan Linz, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, pp. 36-39, 50-61. Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy, Ch. 3, pp. 56-88. Web Ethan Kapstein and Nathan Converse, “Why Democracies Fail,”

Journal of Democracy 19 (October 2008): 57-68. Web Larry Diamond, “Why Democracies Survive,” Journal of Democracy 22

(January 2011): 17-30. June 3 International Factors: Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy, Ch’s 5-6, pp. 106-152.

Web Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, “International Linkage and

Democratization,” Journal of Democracy 16 (July 2005): 20-34.

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Promoting Democracy

Larry Diamond, The Spirit of Democracy, Ch. 14, pp. 314-344. JOD Thomas Carothers, “Democracy Assistance: Political vs.

Developmental,” Journal of Democracy 20 (January 2009): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Carothers-20-1.pdf.

JOD Thomas Carothers, “How Democracies Emerge: The Sequencing

Fallacy,” Journal of Democracy 18 (July 2007): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Carothers-18-1.pdf.

JOD Carl Gershman and Michael Allen, “The Assault on Democracy

Assistance,” Journal of Democracy 17 (April 2006): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Gershman-17-2.pdf.

David Hendrickson and Robert Tucker, "The Freedom Crusade," The

National Interest 81 (Fall 2005): 12-21. http://personalwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~dhendrickson/Essays/TNI_Freedom_Crusade.htm

Recommended resources: A Diplomat’s Handbook for Democracy and Development Support, http://www.diplomatshandbook.org/. Community of Democracies: http://www.community-democracies.org/. The Future of Democracy Marc F. Plattner, “Populism, Pluralism, and Liberal Democracy,”

Journal of Democracy 21 (January 2010): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Plattner-21-1.pdf.

Ivan Krastev, “New Threats to Freedom: Democracy’s ‘Doubles,’”

Journal of Democracy 17 (April 2006): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Krastev-17-2.pdf.

Henry S. Rowen, “When Will the Chinese People Be Free,” Journal of

Democracy 18 (July 2007): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/PosnerandYoung-18-3.pdf.

Andrew Nathan, “China at the Tipping Point: Forseeing the

Unforseeable,” Journal of Democracy 24 (January 2013), http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Nathan-24-1.pdf.

Larry Diamond, “China and East Asian Democracy: The Coming

Wave,” Journal of Democracy 23 (January 2012), http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Diamond-23-1.pdf.