Syllabuses – Physicsiso.uni.lodz.pl/.../2011/02/WFIS_Syllabuses_English_Physics_2_1.pdf · 1 Syllabuses – Physics Physics - undergraduate studies

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Syllabuses – Physics Physics - undergraduate studies ........................................................................................................... 4

Subjects taught during the 1st year of studies, semester 1 ............................................................... 4

1500FL1AMA, Mathematical Analysis I ..................................................................................... 4

1500-FL1ALG Algebra I ............................................................................................................ 5

1500-FL1HFZ History of Physics................................................................................................ 5

1500-FLN1NT Introduction to Nanotechnology ......................................................................... 6

1500-ZSO1MO Elaboration Methods of Measurement Data ...................................................... 7

1500-FL1OAP MS Office Applications ...................................................................................... 8

1500-SZ3OWI Intellectual Property Protection .......................................................................... 9

1500-ZSO1OB Office Software ................................................................................................. 10

1500-FL1PFZ General Physics I ................................................................................................ 11

1st year, semester 2 ......................................................................................................................... 12

1500-FL2ALG Algebra II .......................................................................................................... 12

1500FL2AMA Mathematical Analysis II .................................................................................. 12

1500-FL2LFZ Physical Laboratory I ....................................................................................... 13

1500-FL2INT Internet ................................................................................................................ 14

1500-FL2PFZ General Physics II .............................................................................................. 15

1500-FL2TP Surface Technology .............................................................................................. 16

1500-FL2KJP Polish Language Culture ................................................................................... 17

Subjects taught during the 2nd

year of studies, semester 3 ............................................................. 19

1500-FML3FJ Selected Problems of Nuclear Physics ............................................................. 19

1500FL1AMA, Mathematical Analysis III ................................................................................ 19

1500-ZSO3ZD Understand the Sound. Principles of Acoustics ................................................ 20

1500-FL3PFZ General Physics III ............................................................................................. 21

1500-FL3LFZ Physical Laboratory II...................................................................................... 22

1500-FL3FII Philosophy ............................................................................................................ 22

1500-LFM3FP X-ray physics .................................................................................................. 23

2nd

year, semester 4 ........................................................................................................................ 25

1500-ZSO3PE, 1500-ISL3PL Introduction to Electronics ........................................................ 25

1500-FL4PFZ General Physics IV ............................................................................................ 26

1500-FL4LZ Physical Laboratory III ...................................................................................... 27

1500-FL4EW Modern Electronics in Physics............................................................................ 28

1500-LFZ4FP Surface Physics .................................................................................................. 29

1500-FL4MN Numerical Methods ............................................................................................ 29

1500-FL4MKR Classical and Relativistic Mechanics ............................................................... 30

1500-FL3KWN Quantum Principles of Nanophysics ............................................................... 30

1500-LFM4OR Radiation Protection......................................................................................... 31

1500-FL4TS Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics ........................................................... 33

1500-LFM4ZP Sources of Ionizing Radiation ........................................................................... 34

1500-ZSO4FS Selected Topics of Environmental Physics ........................................................ 35

1500-FL4AP Control Systems for Measurement Equipment .................................................... 36

Subjects taught during the 3rd

year of studies, semester 5 ............................................................. 38

1500-FL5PFK Foundations of Quantum Physics ...................................................................... 38

1500-FZM5EL Classical Electrodynamics ............................................................................... 39

1500-FL5MMF Mathematical Methods in Physics ................................................................... 39

1500-FL5AST Astronomy ......................................................................................................... 40

1500 – ZSO5SF Symmetries in physics .................................................................................... 41

1500-ZSM5PO Physical Basics of Imaging ............................................................................. 41

1500-FL5JAC Selected Problems of Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics ....................... 42

1500-LFM5BB Biophysics and Biocybernetics ..................................................................... 43

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1500-LFM5DD Detection and Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation .............................................. 44

1500-FML5BR Elements of Biochemistry and Radiochemistry .............................................. 45

1500-LFM5PJ Nuclear Laboratory ............................................................................................ 46

3rd

year, semester 6 ......................................................................................................................... 47

1500-FL6MKW Quantum Mechanics I ..................................................................................... 47

1500-FL6AM Selected Problems from Atomic, Molecular and Solid State Physics ................ 48

1500-LFM6AE Electromedical Equipment in Diagnostic Use ................................................. 48

1500FL6FA Elements of Physics and Astrophysics .................................................................. 49

1500-FL6OM Medical Digital Image ........................................................................................ 50

1500-LFM6RP Legal Regulations – Radiation Protection ........................................................ 51

1500-LFM6Fl Physiology .......................................................................................................... 52

1500FL6MN Physics in Nuclear Medicine ............................................................................... 54

1500-LFM6TE Contemporary Electronic & Computer Techniques in Medicine ..................... 55

1500-LFM6RB Radiobiology .................................................................................................... 56

1500-LFM4SA Calibration of X-ray unit and dosimeters ......................................................... 57

1500-FL6ZN Some Remarks on Nanotechnology..................................................................... 58

Physics – graduate studies (2nd cycle) .............................................................................................. 59

1st year, semester 1 ......................................................................................................................... 59

1500-FMU1FT Theoretical physics ........................................................................................... 59

1500-FMU1(2)PF Physical Laboratory II (part 1 and 2) .......................................................... 60

1500-ISM7AD Data Analysis .................................................................................................... 61

Calculation methods (2/3) .......................................................................................................... 62

Calculation methods ................................................................................................................... 63

1500-FZM9ME Experimental methods of modern physics ...................................................... 63

1500-FMU1MD Introduction to Computer Modelling .............................................................. 64

1500-FMUZS2 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Methods in Biomedical Applications. ........... 65

1500-FMUZS4 Lasers in Medicine ........................................................................................... 66

Specialized course ─ theory of elementary particles ................................................................. 67

1500-FMU3MN Nuclear Medicine ........................................................................................... 68

1st year, semester 2 ......................................................................................................................... 70

Specialized course ─ the method of second quantization .......................................................... 70

1500-FZM8KT Quantum theory of solid state .......................................................................... 70

Specialist laboratory ................................................................................................................... 71

Physics of condensed matter ...................................................................................................... 72

2nd

year, semester 3 ........................................................................................................................ 73

Specialist laboratory ................................................................................................................... 73

1500-FMUZS3 Physical Foundation of Radiotherapy .............................................................. 73

1500-FMU3DP Specialized course - Detection of the Radiation .............................................. 75

1500-FMU3PJ, Nuclear transformation and applications of nuclear physics ........................... 76

1500-FMU3AP Specialized course-Quality Control of Ionizing Radiation Medical Equipment

.................................................................................................................................................... 77

2nd

year, semester 4 ........................................................................................................................ 78

1500-SZU3(4)SM Diploma Seminar ......................................................................................... 78

1500-FMU4AK Specialized course - Astrophysics and Cosmology ......................................... 79

1500-FMU4ZP Patient and staff exposure to ionising radiation in medical application .......... 80

1500-FMU4RT Radiotherapy .................................................................................................... 81

1500-FMU4SM Statistics in medicine ....................................................................................... 82

1500-FMU4PE Specialized course - Electromagnetic Fields. Measurements and Effects of

Exposure on the Human Body ................................................................................................... 83

1500-FMU4MO Specialised course – modern methods of medical imaging ............................ 83

Syllabuses for the 5th

year of studies (unified MD studies) ............................................................... 86

5th

year, semester 9 ......................................................................................................................... 86

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1500-FZM9FI Philosophy.......................................................................................................... 86

1500-FZM9ME Specialized course – Experimental Methods of Modern Physics ................... 87

1500-FZM9ME Specialized course – Experimental Methods of Modern Physics .................. 87

1500-FZM9ME Specialized course - Experimental Methods of Modern Physics .................... 88

1500-FZT9TE Specialized course - Gauge Theories ................................................................. 89

1500-FZD9PS Specialist Laboratory (Solid State Physics) ....................................................... 90

5th

year, semester 10 ....................................................................................................................... 93

1500-FL0HFZ History of Physics.............................................................................................. 93

1500-FZD0SD Diploma Seminar (Master of Science) .............................................................. 94

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Physics - undergraduate studies Subjects taught during the 1st year of studies, semester 1

Course unit code, title 1500FL1AMA, Mathematical Analysis I

Language Polish, English

Format/# of hours/year

of studies/ semester

Lectures 45, exercises 60

1st year, semester I

ECTS credits 10

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Paweł Maślanka

Objective of the course

Knowledge of basic mathematical concepts and theorems . Proof

of selected theorems. Calculation of derivatives and integrals.

Expansion in trigonometric series. Practical application of the

theory to various physical and mathematical problems.

Prerequisites high school mathematics

Course

contents

1. Sets, relations, mappings, functions.

2. Real numbers.

3. Elements of topology of R: neighbourhood definition; open and closed

sets.

4. Limits: limit of sequences and real functions of one variable, Cauchy

condition of convergence, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem.

5. Continuous functions: Cauchy and Heine definition, properties of

continuous functions, compact sets, continuous function on compact

domain.

6. Number Series: necessary condition of convergence; convergence

criteria (comparatory, Cauchy's, d'Alambert's, Cauchy's on

compactification, Leibnitz's, Ditchlet's, Abel's);

7. Functional Sequences and Series: pointwise and monotonous

convergence; monotonous convergence criteria (Weierstrass',

Dirichlet's), power series, Cauchy-Hadamard theorem.

8. Differential Calculus of Functions of a Single Real Variable:

differentiability; geometrical interpretation of derivative; basic methods

of differentiation; local extremes; mean value theorems (Rolle's,

Lagrange's, Cauchy's); Taylor theorem; convexity; Jensen inequality;

examination of a function; differentiation of functional sequences and

series; expansion in Taylor series.

9. Indefinite integral: definition, basic properties, methods of calculation.

10. Riemann integral: definition and basic properties, fundamental theorem

of calculus, mean value theorem, geometrical applications.

11. Integrals: fundamental proprieties and convergence criteria.

12. Fourier series: definition, Euler-Fourier formulas, problem of expansion

of functions in Fourier series, Fourier integral.

.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Oral examination

Recommended reading 1.R. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis

2. R. Rudin , Real and Complex Analysis

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Course unit code, title 1500-FL1ALG Algebra I


Format/# of hours/ year /

semester

Lecture 15, tutorials 30

1st year, semester 1 (compulsory)

ECTS credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Bogusław Broda

Objectives of the course

and learning outcomes

Students should learn and understand basic algebraic notions

necessary for further physics studies.

Prerequisites None

Course contents

Systems of linear equations, their equivalence, and Gauss’

method of their solving.

Complex numbers, and operations between them.

Matrices, vector spaces, linear combinations of vectors, linear

(in)dependence of the system of vectors, the base and

dimension of a vector space.

The rank of a matrix, linear transformations, and operations on

matrices.

Determinants, their properties and applications.

Teaching and Assessment

methods

The lectures conducted in a traditional way (“chalk and the

blackboard”) systematically introduce consecutive definitions

and theorems. Short proofs of some theorems are presented,

and some definitions and theorems are illustrated by examples.

Seminars are devoted to solving appropriately selected

problems.

A colloquium (problems solving).

Recommended reading Aleksei Ivanovich Kostrikin, Introduction to Algebra, Springer

1982.

Course unit code, title 1500-FL1HFZ History of Physics


Format/ # of hours/

year of studies /

semester

Lectures 15


Number of Credits 1

Name of the lecturer dr Jerzy Kierul



Give some idea about historical development of physics and

its role for the Western civilization

Prerequisites none

Course

contents Science and other kinds of intellectual activity. Early times of natural and

mathematical sciences. Ionic philosophers. Pitagoreans. Plato. Astronomy of

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Eudoxus. Physics of Aristotle. Statics. Archimedes. Astronomy of Ptolemy.

Development of mechanics in Middle Ages. Copernicus and revival of

astronomy. Kepler's physics of heavens. Galileo: mechanics and controversy

of the Earth motion. Huygens' dynamics. Optics since antiquity to Descartes.

Isaac Newton: optic research, theory of gravity and mechanics - cornerstone

of scientific revolution of the XVIIth century. Theories of rainbow since

antiquity till XIX century. Thermal phenomena: from thermoscopes and

calorimeters to Sadi Carnot and principles of thermodynamics. Electricity and

magnetism: from facts' gleaning till mathematical theories of the first half of a

XIX century. Nature of light. Wave theory of Young and Fresnel. Foucault and

Fizeau experiments. Ether. Faraday experiments. James Clerk Maxwell:

second great synthesis in physics. End of XIX century: is physics complete?

Lorentz theory and the discovery of electron. Radiation. Planck distribution

and quantization. Albert Einstein: special theory of relativity, photons, general

theory of relativity, Bose-Einstein condensate. Structure of atom. Hydrogen

atom spectra and Bohr theory. The birth of Quantum Mechanics. Paradox of

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Further development of quantum physics and

theory of gravity in XX century. Expansion of the universe. Cosmological

theories. Big Bang.

Teaching/

assessment methods written test

Recommended reading

Kierul J., Izaak Newton. Bóg, światło i świat, Wrocław 1996.

Kierul J., Ład świata: Od kosmosu Arystotelesa do

Wszechświata Wielkiego Wybuchu, Warszawa 2007.

Wróblewski A. K., Historia fizyki, Warszawa 2006.

Course unit code, title 1500-FLN1NT Introduction to Nanotechnology

Language Polish



Lecture 8

1st year, semester 1 (compulsory: nanotechnology)

Number of credits 1

Name of lecturer dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

To introduce students to nanotechnology science and its

terminology

The learning outcome will be the basic knowledge about

nanotechnology

Prerequisites The basic knowledge related to physics, chemistry and biology

from the secondary school

Course

contents

Introduction to nanotechnology. The hardcore and pragmatic definition of

nanotechnology. Nanomachines and assemblers. The scale of natural

things. The scale of things made by human. Scanning tunnelling

microscopy as a tool for matter investigations in nanoscale. A few

examples of investigations and applications of nanoobjects.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

The multimedia lectures/ presence on the lectures/test

Recommended reading The basic literature:

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1. The transparences from the lectures given by

lecturer

2. Nanotechnologie, redakcja naukowa R. W. Kelsell,

I.W. Hameley, M. Geoghegan, Wydawnictwa

Naukowe PWN 2008

The supplementary literature:

1. Introduction to Nanotechnology, C.P. Poole, F.J.

Owens , John Wiley & Sons 2003

2. Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering and

Technology, ed. by W.A. Goddart III, D.W. Brenner,

S.E. Lyshevski, G.J. Iafrat , CRC Press 2003

3. Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, editor E.

Bhushan, Springer 2004

Course unit code, title 1500-ZSO1MO Elaboration Methods of Measurement Data

Language Polish

Format/# of

hours/year of studies/

semester


1st year, semester 1 (optional)

Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Urszula Olejniczak

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Development of experimental results elaboration and

presentation – introduction to the exercises in physical

laboratories

Prerequisites

Course

contents

1. Introduction

- physical quantities’ units;

- experimental errors (uncertainties): systematic, maximum, statistical;

absolute

and relative;

- notation rules for measurement results.

2. Methods of experimental errors determination

- measurement of one quantity (function of one variable):

• indirect measurement: determination of maximum error;

• repeatable measurement (all the measurements equally precise) direct

and indirect: mean value, standard error;

• multiple measurement (with various precision): weight of

measurement, weighted mean, standard error of weighted mean;

- determination of compound quantity (function of more than one variable):

maximum error and standard error of compound quantity.

3. Visualization and analysis of physical quantities’ relationship

- graphical presentation of experimental results and errors;

- linearization of non-linear functions.

4. Probability distribution of random variable

- discrete and continuous distributions;

- probability density function, probability mass function, cumulative

distribution function;

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- expected value, variance, standard deviation.

5. Discrete probability distributions: Bernoulli distribution, discrete uniform

distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution.

6. Continuous probability distribution: continuous uniform distribution,

triangular, Gaussian, Student’s t-distribution, χ2 distribution.

7. Confidence intervals.

8. Statistical hypothesis testing: Pearson's chi-square test (χ2).

9. Linear regression: least square method.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture with assistance of computer and projector;

exercises: solving the problems by students, preceded by

introduction and solving the examples by lecturer

/ Assessment of exercises analysis and solving in classes;

written evaluation test

Recommended reading

J. L. Kacperski: Opracowanie danych pomiarowych

G. L. Squires: Praktyczna fizyka / Practical physics

H. Szydłowski: Teoria pomiarów

H. Hofmokl, A. Zawadzki: Pracownia fizyczna

Course unit code, title 1500-FL1OAP MS Office Applications


Format/# of


semester

Computer Laboratory 15 hours


Number of credits 1

Name of lecturer dr Grzegorz Wieczorek, dr Agnieszka Kijanka-Dec

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Comprehensive use of MS Office applications

Prerequisites Skill at using computer

Course

contents

• Windows XP environment , MS Office Applications: Word editor, Excel

spreadsheet, PowerPoint presentation program.

• Word – creating documents with tables, figures, equations, tables of contents,

index, footnotes, etc. Use of macros.

• Excel – addressing. Filters, grouping. Functions and procedures. Graphics.

• Power Point – creating and demonstrating presentations.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Computer Laboratory/ Creative work, Skills tests.

Recommended reading Office 2000 po prostu, Steve Sagman, Helion

Office on-line Help

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Course unit code, title 1500-SZ3OWI Intellectual Property Protection

Language Polish


of studies/ semester Lectures 10 hours,

1st year, semester 1

Number of credits

Name of the lecturer dr Izabela Barańczyk



Introduction various intellectual property aspects. Demonstration

of increasing role of intellectual property rights as well as the

need for their legal protection.

Prerequisites N/A

Course contents

1. Introductory issues: The term ‘intellectual property’ and

‘industrial property’. Intangible goods and their classification.

Ways of protecting the intangible goods. Intellectual property

rights (goods) protection through exclusive,

unconditional/unrestricted (erga omnes) subject (protective)

rights regime. Ex delicto protection of industrial property rights

(goods) [general consideration on protection against unfair

competition]. Ways (measures) of protection.

2. Sources of intellectual property rights. International

regulations, including European ones. Provisions of Polish law.

3. An invention and a patent. Patent protection (international

application, European patent, the granting of patent rights under

local laws). An invention as a subject of the patent. The

inventions’ categories. Exclusions of certain elements from the

scope/term of ‘an invention’ and where the granting of the patent

right is forbidden. Conditions of the patent rights (i.e.

patentability). Receiving of a patent, a qualified person to be

provided with the patent. Patent granting procedure. Content as

well as scope of the patent.

4. The author’s right regime. The author’s deed as a subject of the

author’s right. Subject of the author’s right. Content of the

author’s right. Limitations with regard to property author’s rights.

Protection of the author’s rights.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Test

Recommended reading

1. Prawo cywilne i handlowe w zarysie, red. W.J. Katner

2. Prawo własności przemysłowej, red. U. Promińska, Warszawa

2005

3. M. du Vall, Prawo patentowe, Warszawa 2008

4. J. Barta, R. Markiewicz, Prawo autorskie, Warszawa 2008

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Course unit code, title 1500-ZSO1OB Office Software

Language Polish

Format/# of hours/year of

studies/ semester

Computer lab 30

1st

year, semester 1 (optional)

Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Andrzej Śmiałkowski

Objectives of the course and

learning outcomes

Presentation of selected office software applications,

applications and the Windows environment.

Prerequisites

Course contents

1. General informations on office suites - MS Office

and Open Office.

2. E-mail clients - MS Outlook and Mozilla

Thunderbird. Configuration and basic functions.

3. Access data base – data base creation. Querents,

forms, reports. Basic SQL instructions.

4. Power Point – slides preparation and presentation.

5. Raster (Corel Paint Shop Pro, Gimp) and vector

(Corel Draw, Open Office Draw) graphic software –

formats of files, file type field of use, application's

basic functions.

6. DTP software (Adobe Photoshop, Scribus).

7. Visual Basic in MS Office – increasing build-in

application's functions, user functions, macros.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Active participation in courses, tests.

Recommended reading Application's Help files and On-line documentation,

“Ćwiczenia z MS Access”

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Course unit code, title 1500-FL1PFZ General Physics I



studies/ semester Lecture 30, tutorials 60,


Number of credits 9 Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Maria Giller, prof. dr hab. Wacław Tybor


and learning outcomes To learn and understand the basic laws of nonrelativistic

mechanics and heat, to learn how to solve problems.

Prerequisites

Course contents

I. Nonrelativistc Mechanics 1. Kinematics: reference frames, coordinate frames,

velocity and acceleration as vectors, coordinates and

velocity as integrals, acceleration in a motion along a

curved

line, rotational motion.

2. Dynamics: Newton's laws, conservation of momentum.

3. Many body motion: center of mass and its motion.

4. Angular momentum: law of its conservation , relation to

the torque vector.

5. Newton's law of gravitation: explanation of Kepler's

laws, determination of masses of celestial bodies.

6. Work and kinetic energy, conservative forces and

potential energy, conservation of energy.

7. Inertial and noninertial frames of reference – inertial

forces, Coriolis force.

8. Rotation of rigid bodies: moment of inertia, angular

acceleration and torque, kinetic energy of rotation,

conditions of equilibrium.

II. Molecular theory of matter -Thermodynamics of

gases: Maxwell distribution of particle velocities.

Pressure and temperature of gases.

Equation of state of an ideal gas.

First law of thermodynamics .

Reversible and irreversible processes, entropy

and the second law of thermodynamics.

Heat engines (Carnot cycle).

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lectures are supported by demonstrations of experiments.

At problem classes and at home students solve about 100

problems related to the lecture.

Recommended reading

H.D.Young and R.A. Freedman - „University Physics”.

R.P. Feynman et al - „Feynman Lectures in Physics”.

A. Kittel - „Mechanics”.

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Course Cod,Title 1500-FL2ALG Algebra II


Format/# of hours/

year / semester


1st year I, semester 2 (compulsory)

ECTS credits 6

Lecturer dr hab. Bogusław Broda

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Students should learn and understand further algebraic notions

necessary for physics studies.

Prerequisites Algebra I

Content

The notion of an algebraic structure, semigroups and monoids. The

notion of a group, some types of groups and group morphisms.

Rings and fields. The field of complex numbers.

Real and complex linear spaces. Dual space and linear forms.

Bilinear forms.

Linear operators, invariant subspaces, eigenvectors and the

characteristic polynomial.

Linear spaces with scalar product, Euclidean spaces, unitary spaces

and Hermitean forms.

Teaching and

Assessment

methods

The lectures conducted in a traditional way (“chalk and the

blackboard”) systematically introduce consecutive definitions and

theorems. Short proofs of some theorems are presented, and some

definitions and theorems are illustrated by examples. Seminars are

devoted to solving appropriately selected problems.

A colloquium (problems solving) and an oral examination.

Recommended

reading

Aleksei Ivanovich Kostrikin, Introduction to Algebra, Springer

1982.

Alexei I Kostrikin and Yu I Manin, Linear Algebra and Geometry,

Gordon and Breach 1989.

Course unit code, title 1500FL2AMA Mathematical Analysis II



studies/ semester Lectures 45, exercises 60


ECTS credits 10

Name of the lecturer Paweł Maślanka

Objective of the course

Knowledge of basic mathematical concepts and theorems . Proof of

selected theorems. Calculation of derivatives and integrals. Solving of

simple ordinary differential equations including initial conditions.

Solving of some partial differential equations. Applications to

physical and mathematical problems. Prerequisites Mathematical Analysis I

Course

contents

1. Finite dimensional metric spaces: Basic topological notions,

completeness, Banach principle, space of linear mappings L(X,Y), space

of n-linear mappings Ln(X;Y).

2. Mapping theory: differentiability, strong, weak and partial derivatives,

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Jacobian, higher order derivatives, Taylor formula, local extremes,

inverse mapping theorem and corollaries, smooth manifolds, conditional

extremes.

3. Multiple integrals: Jordan measure, Riemann integral, iterated integrals,

Fubini theorem, change of variables, improper integrals, parameter

dependent integrals.

4. Line integrals of the first and the second kind: arc length, orientation,

path independence, Green theorem and Green formulas.

5. Surface integrals of the first and the second kind: orientation, Gauss-

Ostrogradski theorem, Stokes theorem, elements of vector and tensor

analysis, differential forms and their integration.

6. Differential equations: uniqueness and existence theorem, Picard method

of approximations, solving differential equations (exact differential

equation, linear, Bernoulli), systems of linear equations, linear equations

of higher orders with constant coefficients, detailed analysis of the

second order equation, application of power series.

7. Elements of the Lebesgue integral theory: measurable sets, Borel sets,

Lebesgue measure and Lebesgue integral.

Teaching/Assessment methods Oral examination

Recommended reading 1. R. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis

2. R. Rudin, Real and complex analysis

Course unit code, title 1500-FL2LFZ Physical Laboratory I

Language Polish Format/# of


semester

Laboratory 30


ECTS credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr Tomasz Dzikowski

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Introduction to the elementary basic of the metrology. Preparation to

the individual planning and conducting measurements and making

reports of them.

Prerequisites Course of physics at the high school level.

Course contents

Metrological topics: rules of making simple and complicated

measurements of the physical variables and their accuracy

estimation and report preparations.

Physical topics: matter and its property in different states of

concentration – determination of some physical constants,

mechanics – rules of dynamic and conservation rules, investigation

of different sorts of movement and energy conversions, testing of

wave phenomenon for mechanical waves, thermodynamics –

calorimetry, research of thermodynamic processes, melt and

ebullition processes, thermal expansibility and thermal conductance.

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Teaching/Assessment

methods

Individual performance of ten earlier assigned experiments and

positive result of at least nine of them. Each exercise is marked on

the basis of the oral examination (testing of theoretical knowledge),

checking of independency and manual abilities (during measures)

and review of the written report on executed experiment.

Recommended

reading

J.L.Kacperski, Opracowanie danych pomiarowych, WUŁ 1997

J.L.Kacperski, I Pracownia Fizyczna, WUŁ 1998

Instructions for experiments (available at website

http://kawe.wfis.uni.lodz.pl/kawe/index.php?m=pf&l=pl)

Course unit code, title 1500-FL2INT Internet



studies/ semester Computer Lab 15


Number of credits 1

Name of the lecturer dr Andrzej Śmiałkowski


learning outcomes

Ability of finding information on the Internet; e-mail

servicing; composing and installing personal web pages on a

server.

Prerequisites Computers - Introduction

Course contents

1. Standalone Computer: workstation; network; internet;

global network. Communication Protocols: TCP/IP

2. Local Area Network (LAN): Intranet-Internet relation;

other basic notions; client-server relation; Wireless LAN,

internet services - ftp, http

3. Elements of HTML: markers and attributes; forms; CSS;

programming with JavaScript; using Notepad for editing

HTML files; HTML editors.

4. Creating WWW pages: directory listing; static and

dynamic pages. Elements of JavaScript: creating dynamic

WWW pages;

Teaching/Assessment

methods Practical problem solving and HTML page project.

Recommended reading JavaScript tutorials and other internet materials

M. Sokół, Tworzenie stron WWW

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Course unit code, title 1500-FL2PFZ General Physics II


Format /# of hours/year

of studies/ semester Lecture 30, tutorials 60

1st year, semester II

Number of credits 9 Name of lecturer prof. dr hab. Maria Giller, prof. dr hab. Wacław Tybor



To learn and understand the basic laws of heat , acoustic waves

and relativistic mechanics, to learn how to solve problems, to

perform simple experiments.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

I. Thermodynamics (cont.) - Phase changes of gases, real gas, van der Waals equation of state,

critical temperature,Joule- Thomson phenomenon.

- Phase changes of liquids and solid bodies: dependence on temperature.

- Heat capacities (Dulong-Petit rule).

- Application of oversaturation of a gas and of overheating of a liquid to

detection of charged particles.

II. Properties of liquids (and gases) - Hydrostatics: Pascal's law, Archimedes' principle; surface tension.

- Hydrodynamics: Bernouli' s law; liquid's viscosity.

III. Properties of elastic bodies - Deformations: Hooke's law; relation between linear and volume

deformations.

- Periodic motion: harmonic motion, damping, damped and forced

oscillations , resonance.

- Mechanical waves: types of waves, notions describing a wave,

mathematical description of a wave.

- Huygens' principle, diffraction and interference of waves.

- Group and phase velocity.

- Acoustic waves, Doppler effect.

IV. Relativistic mechanics – special theory of relativity. - Principle of relativity, invariance of physical laws.

- Michelson-Morley experiment.

- Lorentz transformations of space coordinates and time and the

consequences of it.

- The Doppler effect for the electromagnetic waves.

- Relativistic dynamics: relativistic momentum, total and rest energy,

transformation of them to another reference system.

- Mass defect and production of energy in the Sun.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lectures are supported by demonstations of experiments.

Experiments are also performed by students themselves at

laboratory classes.



Recommended reading

H.D.Young and R.A.Freedman - „University Physics”

R.P. Feynman et al., „Feynman Lectures in Physics” vols.1

and 2.

16

Course unit code, title 1500-FL2TP Surface Technology

Language Polish


of studies/ semester Lecture 30 hours

1st year, semester 2 (compulsory: nanotechnology)

Number of credits 4 Name of lecturer dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek



To introduce students to condensed matter physics with

emphasize of surface role, and methods of surface investigations.

The learning outcome will be the basic knowledge about surface

and methods of surface investigations

Prerequisites The basic knowledge related to physics, chemistry and biology from

the secondary school

Course

contents

Crystal and surface, lattice, basis, Miller indices, reconstructed surfaces.

Ultrahigh vacuum in surface investigations. The basis of quantum

mechanics. The Schrodinger equation for crystal. Free electron model.

Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis. Reciprocal lattice. Low

energy electron diffraction. Reflection high energy electron diffraction.

Tunnelling effect and introduction to scanning tunnelling microscopy.

Teaching/Assessment

methods The multimedia lectures/ presence on the lectures/test

Recommended reading

The basic literature:

1. Konspekt do wykładu przygotowany przez prowadzącego

2. C. Kittel, Wstęp do Fizyka Ciała Stałego, Wydawnictwo

Naukowe PWN , Warszawa 1999

3. H. Ibach, H. Luth, Fizyka Ciała Stałego Wydawnictwo

Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1996

4. A. Oleś, Metody Doświadczalne Fizyki Ciała Stałego,

Wydawnictwo Naukowo-Techniczne, Warszawa 1998


R. Wiesendanger, H. J. Guntherodt (Eds.)

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy I

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy II

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy III

Springer Series in Surface Sciences

17

Course unit code, title 1500-FL2KJP Polish Language Culture

Language Polish

Format/# of hours/ year

of study/ semester

Lecture 15


Number of credits 1

Name of the lecturer dr Beata Burska-Ratajczyk



1. Developing the skills of applying basic terms of Polish

Language Culture: (standard, system, use, innovation,

mistake).

2. Developing the knowledge of two levels of modern

Polish and their dependence on the type of

communication. Examples of the differentiation of

standards on particular levels of language system.

3. Knowledge of the most common violations of the rules

of modern Polish.

Prerequisites NONE

Course contents

System, standard, text. Two ways of understanding and defining the

notion of standard. Two levels of the standard of modern Polish and its inner

differentiation.

Functional differentiation of modern Polish. Description of linguistic

features of different types of Polish.

The notion of stylistic mistake.

Language innovation and linguistic mistake. Assessment

standards of

language innovations.

The notion of mistake in different linguistic aspects.

Typology of linguistic mistakes.

Types of pronunciation mistakes.

Standards of pronouncing nasal vowels, groups of consonants,

word stress of native words as well as borrowings.

Types of lexical mistakes – of dictionary, word-formation and

phraseological type.

Types of grammar mistakes – of inflection and syntactic type.

Types and inflection of abbreviations.

Spelling of Polish abbreviations.

Inflection of the troublesome types of Polish last names.

Pronunciation rules and inflection of some last names of a foreign

type.

Teaching

Methods/Assessment

Methods

Method: showing standards and giving instructions with the

elements of practice.

Credit conditions: A test verifying the knowledge of Polish

language

standards, a test verifying the knowledge of spelling and

inflection rules

of Polish abbreviations.

18

Recommended Reading

Bartmińscy I. i J., Słownik wymowy i odmiany nazwisk obcych,

Kraków 1997.

Jadacka H., Kultura języka polskiego. Fleksja, słowotwórstwo,

składnia. Warszawa 2005.

Karpowicz T., Kultura języka polskiego. Wymowa, ortografia,

interpunkcja, Warszawa 2009.

Klebanowska B., Kochański W., Markowski A., O dobrej i złej

polszczyźnie, Warszawa 1985.

Markowski A., Polszczyzna końca XX wieku, Warszawa 1992.

Markowski A., Kultura języka polskiego. Teoria. Zagadnienia

leksykalne, Warszawa 2006.

Nowy słownik poprawnej polszczyzny, red. A. Markowskiego,

Warszawa 1999.

19

Subjects taught during the 2nd

year of studies, semester 3

Course unit code, title 1500-FML3FJ Selected Problems of Nuclear Physics

Language Polish


of studies/ semester Lecture 30, tutorials 15 2

nd year, semester 3 (compulsory C)

Number of credits 5

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Józef Andrzejewski


and learning outcomes learning the basis of nuclear physics and some of its

applications

Prerequisites basis of physics ant mathematical analysis

Course

contents

Basic data concerning atomic nuclei

Models of nucleus

Spontaneous nuclear decays

Interaction of neutrons with nuclei and principle operation of

nuclear reactor

Thermonuclear reactions in stars and nucleosynthesis of the

chemical elements heavier than iron

Basic detectors of ionization radiation

Some applications of nuclear physics

Teaching/Assessment methods

lecture – PowerPoint presentations/oral examination

Recommended reading

Course unit code, title 1500FL1AMA, Mathematical Analysis III



of study/ semester Lectures 45, exercises 45 2

nd year, semester 3 (compulsory A)

ECTS credits 9

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Paweł Maślanka



Knowledge of basic mathematical concepts and theorems . Proof of

selected theorems. Calculation of derivatives and integrals of functions

of a complex variable. Solving of some partial differential equations. .

Practical application of the theory to various physical and

mathematical problems.

Prerequisites high school mathematics

Mathematical Analysis I and II

Course

contents

1. Elements of the complex analysis (the complex derivative, the Cauchy-

Riemann equations, the integrals of functions of complex variable,

Cauchy Theorem)

2. The analytic functions (the Cauchy’s integral formula, Cauchy

inequalities, expanding functions into power series, the Laurent series)

3. Evaluating residues

4. Harmonic functions

5. Partial differentia equations of the first order.

6. Canonical forms of the partial differentia equations of the second order..

7. The wave equations of the string and membrane: d’Alembert’s method,

20

Fourier’s method

8. The diffusion equation : Fourier’s method.

9. Laplace’s equation: Fourier’s method, Green’s functions method.

Teaching/Assessment methods Oral examination

Recommended reading

1. R. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis

2. R. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis 3. Ahlfors, Complex Analysis 4. I. Sneddon, Elements of partial differential equations,

McGraw-Hill,1957

Course unit code, title 1500-ZSO3ZD Understand the Sound. Principles of Acoustics

Language Polish


of studies/ semester Lectures 30,

2nd

year, semester 4 (optional) Number of credits 2

Name of lecturer dr Jerzy Ledzion



This lecture should give students knowledge of basic properties

of the sound helping to understand the acoustic phenomena in our

surrounding.

Prerequisites General Physics I-II, Mathematical Analysis I, II

Course

contents

The sound as the mechanical wave, velocity of sound, basic properties of sound:

intensity, pitch and timbre. Signal spectral analysis: Fourier series and Fourier

transform, FFT algorithm. Musical scales. Standing waves in strings and in

pipes. Two-dimensional standing waves. How do the musical instruments work?

Sources of sound. Voice emission. Sound detectors: microphones, human ear.

Sound recording: analog and digital methods. Digital sound processing.

Teaching/Assessment methods Lectures supported by presentations.

Recommended reading

Jess J. Joseps, Fizyka dźwięku muzycznego, PWN 1967.

F. Alton Everest, Podręcznik akustyki, Wyd. SONIA

DRAGA, 2007

Edward Ozimek, Dźwięk i jego percepcja, PWN 2002

F.C. Crawford, Fale, PWN 1972.

21

Course unit code, title 1500-FL3PFZ General Physics III





2nd

year, semester 3 (compulsory)

Number of credits 6 (10 – nanotechnology, medical physics)

Name of the lecturer prof.dr.hab. Maria Giller, prof.dr hab. Wacław Tybor

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

To learn and understand the basic laws of electromagnetism, to

learn how to solve problems, to understand simple electric

circuits

Prerequisites General Physics I and II

Course contents

I. Electric charge : Lorentz invariance, conservation law,

quantum nature.

II. Electrostatics: Coulomb's law, Gauss law,

electrostatic potential and work of electrostatic

forces, conductors, capacity.

III. Electric fields in matter : dielectrics, electric

moment, capacitors.

IV. Direct current: microscopic model, Ohm's law,

resistance, electromotive force and circuits

(Kirchhoff's rules), power in circuits, Faraday's

laws of electrolysis.

V. Fields of moving charges and forces acting on

them.

VI. Magnetic field : Ampère's law, properties of

field B, Biot- Savart's law, Lorentz transformation of fields

E and B, Lorentz force.

VII. Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law.

VIII. Maxwell's equations: displacement current.

IX. Magnetic fields in matter: magnetic moments

of atoms , molecules and elementary particles,

dia-, para- and ferromagnetics.

X. Alternating current : solving circuits with the

complex number method, resistance and

reactance, resonance, heat released in

different elements of a circuit.

Teaching/Assessment

methods




Recommended reading

R.P. Feynman et al- „Feynman Lectures in Physics”, v.II,

part 1.

E. Purcell- „Electricity and Magnetism” (Berkley course in

Physics).

Young and Freedman - „University Physics”.

22

Course unit code, title 1500-FL3LFZ Physical Laboratory II

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Laboratory 30

2nd


Number of credits 3


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Introduction into the principles of practical metrology.

Continuation of studies on basis of the experimental work.

Studying and independent applying of research methods.

Preparation to exercises in Physical Laboratory II, Electronic

Lab. and Nuclear Lab.

Prerequisites 0300-LAB121 Physical Laboratory I

0300- FPSM121m Statistical Data Analysis

Course

contents

Metrological topics: electric land-measuring, oscilloscope as basic measuring

instrument in electronics. The principle of measurements of electric variables

and optical variables and their accuracy estimation and preparing reports.

Physical topics: the direct-current circuits, alternating-current circuits, the

resonance in the L-R-C circuits, the magnetic phenomenon and magnetic

circuits, introduction to electronics: research of characteristics of diodes,

transistors, photo elements and the simple systems with their use, the

geometrical optics and wave optics.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Individual performance of ten earlier assigned experiments and

passing at least nine of them. Each exercise is marked on the

basis the oral examination (testing the theoretical knowledge),

checking student’s independence and activity during

measurements and review of a written report made after executed

experiment - its form, content and correctness of calculations,

interpretation of results and the estimation of the statistical and

systematic errors.

Recommended reading

J.L.Kacperski, Opracowanie danych pomiarowych, WUŁ 1997

J.L.Kacperski, I Pracownia Fizyczna, WUŁ 1998

Pracownia fizyczna dla zaawansowanych, skrypt UŁ



Course unit code, title 1500-FL3FII Philosophy

Language Polish


studies/ semester

Lecture 30h

2nd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Marek Kozłowski


learning outcomes An Introduction to History of European Philosophy

Prerequisites

Course contents

Program:

1. Of Philosophy

2. Heraclitus – Parmenides

3. Atomism (Democritus – Epicurus)

23

4. Plato (Sophists – Socrates)

5. Aristotle

6. Christian Philosophy (St. Augustin – St. Thomas)

7. Philosophy of Renaissance

8. Birth of Modern Science (Copernicus – Galileo)

9. Descartes and Rationalism of XVII cent.

10. Locke – Berkeley – Hume

11. Philosophy of French Enlightenment

12. Kant

13. Hegel

14. Marx

15. Modernism – Positivism – Existentialism

Teaching/Assessment methods Lecture / examination

Recommended reading

W. Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii

F. Copleston, Historia filozofii (for ambitious or

advanced )

J. Legowicz, Historia filozofii starożytnej Grecji i

Rzymu

Z. Kuderowicz, Filozofia nowożytnej Europy

B. Suchodolski, Narodziny nowożytnej filozofii

człowieka

M. J. Siemek, W kręgu filozofów, p. 58 – 91.

Wybrane pozycje monograficznych opracowań z serii

„Myśli i Ludzie”

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM3FP X-ray physics

Language Polish



Laboratory - conversation 30

2nd

year, semester 3 (compulsory: medical physics)

Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Janusz Skubalski

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Introduction to physical aspects of formation of X-rays and their

proprieties in context of medical applications

Prerequisites Basics of nuclear physics

Course

contents

Formation of X-ray. Bremsstrahlung and characteristic X-ray spectrum.

Absorption and scattering of X-rays. X-ray in radioactive decay. Building and

working principle of X-ray tube. Phenomena occurring in X-ray tube. Power

supplies of X-ray tubes. The experimental methods of X-ray investigations.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Multimedia presentations. Laboratory / Examination

24

Recommended reading

1. Stanisław Klewenhagen, Promieniowanie X i ich

zastosowanie w medycynie

2. Norman A. Dyson, Promieniowanie rentgenowskie w

fizyce atomowej i jądrowej

3. Bogdan Pruszyński, Diagnostyka obrazowa. Podstawy

teoretyczne i metodyka badań

25

2nd

year, semester 4

Course unit code, title 1500-ZSO3PE, 1500-ISL3PL Introduction to Electronics

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lectures 15, computer lab 30

2nd


Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Wielisław Olejniczak

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

The purpose of the course is to get familiar with basics of

operation of transistor and integrated amplifiers and

measurements of their characteristic. Student learn to use simple

measurement devices in electronics laboratory like: analog

oscilloscope, digital oscilloscope, and functional generators, The

next part of the subject are basic of pulse technology in the field

of generating and forming of electric pulses and their

measurements. Constructed circuits are built from TTL and

CMOS integrated circuit. The last point is the analyzing of

simple continuous and pulse voltage regulators. Student are able

to get new knowledge and skills during lectures and laboratory.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

1. Basic features of RLC electronic elements.

2. Properties of semiconductors.

3. Diodes and their parameters.

4. Layered transistors.

5. Basic configuration of transistors in electronic circuit (OE, OB, OC)

6. Field-effect transistor and their applications.

7. Linear integrated circuits and their applications.

a. Operating amplifiers as inverting amplifiers, no-inverting amplifiers.

b. Difference amplifiers, integrators, differentiators.

c. Linear voltage regulators for fixed and regulated voltages.

d. Pulse voltage regulators.

8. Digital integrated circuit: TTL and CMOS

a. Gates

b. Circuit for generating and forming of pulses

c. Counters (binary and decimal)

d. Simple arithmetic circuits

9. Emission of electron from metal surface

a. Thermoemission

b. Photoemission

c. Secondary electron emission

10. Electron tube as amplifying and measurement device

a. Voltage amplifier

b. Circuit for vacuum measurement

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lectures + Lab.

Coursework graduation by passing oral examination and

writing the report

26

Recommended reading

A. Golde Układy tranzystorowe. WKŁ

K. Hennel Lampy elektronowe. WKŁ

M. Nadachowski, Z.Kulka Analogowe układy scalone,

WKŁ

J.Pieńkos, J.Turczyński Układy scalone TTL w

systemach cyfrowych, WKŁ

Course unit

code, title 1500-FL4PFZ General Physics IV


Format/# of

hours/year of

studies/

semester


2nd


Number of

credits 6

Name of the

lecturer

prof.dr.hab. Maria Giller, prof.dr hab. Wacław Tybor

Objectives of

the course and

learning

outcomes

To learn and understand electromagnetic waves and experimental basis

of quantum physics, to learn how to solve problems.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

I. Electromagnetic waves 1. Maxwell's equations in vacuum : wave equation, plane waves,

Fourier components, energy and momentum in electromagnetic

waves.

2. Superposition of waves : interference and diffraction, two

source case, the diffraction grating, modulation

3. Propagation of light in an isotropic medium: dispersion , group

and phase velocity, applications.

4. Polarization of waves.

5. Radiation of an accelerated charged particle: oscillating dipol.

6. Scattering of light by charged particles: cross- section for

Rayleigh scattering.

II. Geometric Optics 1. Reflection and refraction : Fermat principle, reflection at a

plane and curved surface.

2. Thin lenses

3. Images in the eye

4. Optical instruments ( magnifier, microscope. Telescope).

5. Photometry (flux of light, intensity, emission and illumination

of a surface).

III. Elements of quantum nature of light and wave nature of matter 1. Black body radiation

2. Photoelectric effect

3. Roentgen radiation

4. Compton effect

27

5. Wave nature of elementary particles: Heisenberg inequality.

Teaching/Assessment

methods




Recommended reading

Young and Freedman - „University Physics”.

R.P. Feynman et al - „Feynman Lectures in Physics”, v. II.

Wichman - „Quantum Physics” (Berkley Course in Physics).

Course unit code, title 1500-FL4LZ Physical Laboratory III

Language Polish



Laboratory 30

2nd


Number of credits 3

Name of lecturer dr Tomasz Dzikowski



Introduction to the techniques of measurement with use of

computer. Mastering the basic skills in experimental work with

application of the measuring interface, equipped with a rich set

of sensors.

Prerequisites 1500-FL2LZ Physical Laboratory I

1500-FLZ3FZ Physical Laboratory II

Course

contents

The problems with all sections of classical physics, taking into account the

possibilities, what gives the possessed set of sensors: the temperature, sound,

light, movement, strength, electric tension, intensity of current, magnetic field

sensor and the pulley with photogate.

The investigation of sound and light waves, the calorimetric measurements, the

analysis of different movements - the quasi - free fall, II principle of dynamics

for progressive and rotator movement, the analysis of oscillations: free,

muffled, forced - mechanical resonance, unloading capacitor, magnetic

hysteresis, electromagnetic induction and many others.

Teaching/Assessmen

t methods

Realization of nine individual planned experiments.

Exercises will be marked on the following basis:

- the mark for the independence and ingenuity during projecting,

starting and the executing of the measurements,

- the mark for written report, considered the correctness of the

computation methods and data analysis, adoption the physical

phenomena modeling.

Recommended

reading

The theory of measurements, red. H.Szydłowski, PWN 1991

Instructions of service of measuring interfaces: Pasco and Coach 5



28

Course unit code, title 1500-FL4EW Modern Electronics in Physics

Language Polish


of study/ semester


2nd

year, semester 4 (compulsory: nanotechnology)

Number of credits 5


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Applications of electronics in experimental physics

Prerequisites Introductions to electronics

Course

contents

1. Switching power supplies

a) Power supplies with high current output

b) High voltage power supplies in physics

c) Stabilization methods of switching power supplies

d) High voltage amplifiers

2. Some selected issues of digital electronics

a) Fast counting electronics circuits

b) Electronic circuits used in transmission of digital information

c) ECL (emitter coupled logic) integrated circuits

d) Short introduction to FPGA (field programmable gate array)

3. Low current measurements in physics

a) Electrometric circuits

b) Vacuum measurements

4. Lock-in-amplifier method for detection very low signals.

a. analog methods

b. analog filters

c. applications of signal processors in experimental physics.

5. Applications of microprocessors in measuring apparatus in physics.

6. Investigations of amplitude and frequency spectra of signals.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lectures + Lab.

Coursework graduation by passing oral examination and

writing the report

Recommended reading

1. Linear & Switching Voltage Regulator

www.motorola .com

2. www.apex microelectronics.com

3. MECL High Speed Integrated Circuits.

www.motorola.com

4. Real time spectrum analyser

www.tektronix.com

5. M. Wiązania „Bascom AVR”.

6. W. Nawrocki „Komputerowe systemy pomiarowe”

1. Z. Kulka i M. Nadachowski . „Liniowe układy

scalone.”

29

Course unit code, title 1500-LFZ4FP Surface Physics



of study/ semester Lecture 30h

2nd

year, semester 4 (compulsory: nanotecnology) Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Ilona Zasada



Presenting the surface as an especially important object of

physical investigation.

Basis for understanding of the theoretical approaches to

describe the properties of surfaces and interfaces. Prerequisites Basic courses of physics and quantum nano-physics

Course

contents

This course provides an introduction to theoretical studies of the surfaces and

interfaces as well as a review of the theoretical basis of modern experimental

techniques (LEED, STM/STS/AFM). The discussion of the structural

(relaxation), electronic (electronic structure), magnetic (SRT) and

physicochemical properties of surfaces and interfaces.

Teaching/Assessment methods Multimedia lecture/assessment – presence and the final

interview

Recommended reading

C. Kittel, Wstęp do fizyki ciała stałego, wydanie drugie,

trzecie, czwarte PWN

N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin, Fizyka ciała stałego.

N.Green (ed.), Solid State Surface Science.

A. Gross, Theoretical Surface Science.

Course unit code, title 1500-FL4MN Numerical Methods

Language Polish



Lecture 15

2nd

year, semester 4 (compulsory: computer physics)

Number of credits 6

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Tadeusz Wibig

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Practical knowledge of numerical recipes. Usage of them for

solving particular numerical problems.

Prerequisites Mathematical analysis, algebra

Course

contents

Types and propagation of errors in numerical calculations; interpolation

methods; theory of approximation; equation solving; numerical integration;

solving of sets of linear equations; differential equation solving.

Teaching/Assessment

methods written and oral examination

Recommended reading

J. i M. Jankowscy Przegląd metod numerycznych cz I;

M. Dryja, J. i M. Jankowscy Przegląd metod numerycznych

cz II;

30

Course unit code, title 1500-FL4MKR Classical and Relativistic Mechanics


Format/ # of hours/

year of studies /

semester


2nd


Number of Credits 7

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Cezary Gonera



The aim is to provide a background in theoretical mechanics

Prerequisites General Physics, Mathematical Analysis

Course

contents

Elements of Kinematics Classical Dynamics of Many-Particle Systems: total momentum; angular

momentum and energy.

Constraints: d’Alembert principle; Lagrange equations of I-st kind;

Generalized coordinates: Lagrange equations of II-nd kind.

Action principle: Noether theorem.

Hamiltonian Dynamics: canonical equations of motion; Poisson brackets;

action principle in hamiltonian form; canonical transformations; Hamilton-

Jacobi theory.

Dynamics of Rigid Body: Euler’s equations; Lagrangian and hamiltonian

approach; "symmetric top" theory

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Continuous assessment (solving problems during exercises) +

written examination

Recommended reading L.Landau, L.Lifszyc, Mechanika, PWN 1963

G.Białkowski, Mechanika klasyczna, PWN

Course unit code, title 1500-FL3KWN Quantum Principles of Nanophysics



of study/ semester


2nd

year, semester 3 (compulsory: nanotechnology)

Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Piotr Kosiński

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

The student should master basic principles of quantum theory:

the differences between classical and quantum description of

reality, uncertainty principle, Schrödinger equation (together

with the ability of solving it for simplest potentials), probabilistic

interpretation, the notion of spin, Pauli exclusion principle,

bosons and fermions and the corresponding statistics, basic

information about atoms and molecules;

Prerequisites Basics of General Physics (mechanics, electrodynamics,

thermodynamics); basics of mathematical analysis.

Course

contents

1. General features of classical physics: initial conditions dependence,

scaling problem, equipartition principle, troubles with classical

description;

2. General features of quantum mechanics: existence of the natural scale,

Planck constant, reproducibility, uncertainty principle, probabilistic

31

interpretation, correspondence principle;

3. Elementary introduction to quantum mechanics: Schrödinger equation as

an example of resonance problem, the meaning of wave function,

eigenvalues, tunneling effect, spin, bosons and fermions, Pauli exclusion

principle; basic examples: harmonic oscillator, hydrogen atom, other

atoms, molecules, remarks on the structure of solids;

4. Elementary introduction to quantum statistics: Fermi-Dirac and Bose-

Einstein statistics, Bose-Einstein condensation, simple applications;

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Recommended reading

R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands, Feynman Lectures

in Physics, vol.III, Addison-Wesley 1965

E.H.Wichmann, Quantum Physics, McGraw-Hill 1971

P.T.Matthews, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics,

McGraw-Hill 1963.

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM4OR Radiation Protection



studies/ semester

Lecture 30

2nd


Number of credits 5

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Jerzy Jankowski

Objectives of

the course and

learning

outcomes

Aim: Basic Safety Standard of Radiation Protection and Safety

used of ionising radiation sources

Prerequisites

Course contents

1. Population exposure from natural sources of radiation

2. Radon exposure

3. Role of International Organisations

- ICRP

- IAEA

- UNSCEAR

- EC

- WHO

4. Radiation Quantities and Units

- Exposure

- Absorbed dose

- Equivalent dose

- Effective dose

5. Basic of Radiation Protection

- Justification

32

- Optimisation

- Dose limit

6. Biological effects of radiation

- stochastic effects

- deterministic effects

7. Risk estimation

8. Dose limits for:

- occupational group

- general population

- references dose in medicine

9. Exposure of patients:

- conventional diagnostic radiology

- radiotherapy

- nuclear medicine

10. Protecting the pregnant or potentially pregnant patient

11. Personnel monitoring

- photometric method

- TLD

- result of personnel dosimetry

12. Quality Control System

- diagnostic radiology

- interventional radiology

- CT

- mammography

13. Radiation Protection Law

- Atomic Law

- Acts issued by Health Ministry

- Acts issued by Environmental Ministry

- Acts issued by National Atomic Agency

14. Radiation Protection Organization in Poland

- National Atomic Agency

- National Sanitary Inspectorate

- Central Laboratory for Radiation Protection

- Institute of Occupational Medicine

- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology

- Nuclear Physics Institute

15. Role and duties of Radiation Protection Officer.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Recommended reading 1. Basic Safety Standards (IAEA)

2. Publications of ICRP

33

Course unit code, title 1500-FL4TS Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics



studies/ semester Lectures 30, exercises 30 2

nd year, semester 4 (compulsory)

Number of credits 7

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Tadeusz Balcerzak



Acquaintance with thermodynamic relationships and basic

methods of statistical physics and thermodynamics. Application

for the physical phenomena and processes description.

Prerequisites General physics, mathematical analysis, classical mechanics

Course

contents

1. Introduction to thermodynamics: state variables; complete and

incomplete differentials; equations of state; thermodynamic systems

and processes; laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic potentials;

Maxwell relations; local equilibrium and stability conditions,

response functions.

2. Stochastic theory: Bernoulli, Gaussian and Poisson distributions;

random walk; Markov processes; master equation; Fokker-Planck and

diffusion equations; phase space; Liouville equation.

3. Equilibrium statistical mechanics: Gibbs entropy; derivation of

equilibrium ensambles: microcanonical, canonical and grand

canonical; complete description of ideal gas; equipartition theorem.

4. Thermodynamics of phase transitions: van der Waals equation of state

as a molecular field approximation; coexistence of phases - Gibbs

phase rule; classification of phase transitions; Ginzburg-Landau

theory of phase transitions.

5. Irreversible processes: elementary kinetic theory; self-diffusion and

Fick’s equation; other kinetic equations; Boltzmann equation and H-

theorem.

Teaching/Assessment methods Lectures and supplementary exercises with solving

problems/ written or oral exams.

Recommended reading

1. Kerson Huang, Introduction to statistical physics,

CRC Press, Boca Raton 2001.

2. T. Balcerzak, Wykłady z termodynamiki i fizyki

statystycznej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu

Łódzkiego, Łódź 2000.

3. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal

Physics, Mc Graw-Hill, Singapore 1985.

34

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM4ZP Sources of Ionizing Radiation


Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

2nd


Number of credits 2


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Presentation of basic problems regarding radioactive decay,

natural and artificial radioactivity, use of ionizing radiation in

medicine and industry, operation and utilization of nuclear

reactors.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

Parameters of radiation sources. Activity of a source. Intensity (efficiency) of a

source with respect to given type of radiation. Source time of life. Successive

decay. Radiation energy.

Natural radioactivity. Radioactive chains. Other natural isotopes and their

occurrence. Cosmic radiation, reactions resulting in the most important

cosmogenic nuclides. Utilizing of radioactive isotopes for dating.

Radon and its progenies.

Artificial radioactive isotopes. Methods of production. Examples of isotopes

used as radiation sources. Obtaining thin layer sources.

Neutron sources. Reactions (α, n), (γ, n), (p, n), (d, n). Spontaneous fission.

Charge particles accelerators. Parameters and definitions. Linear accelerators:

Cockroft-Walton, Van der Graaff, high frequency (RF). Circular accelerators.

Nuclear fission. Chain reactions. Fission energy. Nuclear cross-section. Nuclear

energy. Nuclear reactor as neutron source. Irradiation with neutrons in nuclear

reactor.

Obtaining and processing of nuclear fuel. Nuclear power plants. Operation of

nuclear reactor and its working parameters. Construction of reactors and nuclear

power plants. Accidents and failures.

Synthesis of light elements. Self-sustained synthesis in earth conditions.

Synthesis reactions in stars.

Obtaining radioactive isotopes from nuclear fission products and by using

cyclotron. Preparation of chemical compounds with radioactive markers.

Compounds marked with 14

C, 32

P, 35

S.

Nuclear and thermonuclear weapons as radiation source.

Radiation sources in medicine. X-ray tubes. Diagnostics and imaging.

Radiotherapy.

Industrial applications of ionizing radiation sources. Radioisotopic measurement

devices. NAA.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lectures with free discussion/Written examination

Recommended reading Hala J., Navratil JD., Radioactivity, Ionizing Radiation, and

Nuclear Energy, Konvoj, Brno, Czech Republic, 2003

35

Course unit code, title 1500-ZSO4FS Selected Topics of Environmental Physics


Format/# of


semester

Lecture 30, seminar 15

2nd


Number of credits 3


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Presentation of selected basic topics on physical processes in the

environment and important for environmental analysis and

protection.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

Energy. Sources of energy: fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, nuclear

energy.

Temperature and heat. Specific heat capacity and heat of phase transitions.

Changes of state of aggregation. Heat balance. Methods of heat transfer.

Energetics of living organisms. Temperature regulation in human body.

Climate. Global energy balance. Elements of weather and climate. Climatic

changes, models of climate. Global warming.

Diffusion. Flow of surface and ground water. Fluid dynamics. Physics of small

particles. Transport of pollutants in the environment.

Noise. Methods of noise restriction. Criteria of noise.

Spectroscopy of the environment. Interaction of light with matter. Occupation

of energy levels, width and intensity of energy lines.

Atomic and molecular spectra.

Light scattering: Raman, Rayleigh and Mie scattering.

Spectroscopy of atoms and molecules. X-ray Emission Spectroscopy.

Absorption spectra of X-rays. Energy selective spectroscopy of molecules.

PIXE analysis. NAA analysis.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lectures with free discussion/Written examination

Recommended reading

Boeker E., van Grondelle R.: Fizyka środowiska.

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2002

Bulanda W.: Podstawy fizyki środowiska przyrodniczego,

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej,

Lublin 2007

36

Course unit code, title 1500-FL4AP Control Systems for Measurement Equipment

Language Polish


of study/ semester


Year II, Semester 4

Number of credits 3


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

The main objective of the course is to become familiar with

control systems of measurement equipment used in different

fields of science and technology

Prerequisites Basic knowledge about electronics and programming,

fundamental physic.

Course

contents

1) Application of modular system in experimental work

2) Short characteristic of systems with parallel and serial bus

3) „CAMAC” system

a. Logical structure of the system

b. Hardware

c. Possibility of multiprocessor functionality

d. Limits and advantages of the system

e. Examples of functional modules and their application

f. Software development for the system

4) System VME

a. Logical structure of the system

b. Description of the system bus

c. Operation of multiprocessor structure

d. Application of The VME system for high efficiency computer

system

e. Examples of functional modules

f. Examples of using of computer system in physics and computer

tomography

g. Tools for software development

5) Interface HPIB (IEEE-488)

a. Logical structure

b. Tools for software development

c. Example of using interface HPIB in experimental work and

education

6) Application of USB standard or internet protocol in measurement

system

b. Processors dedicated for communication protocols

c. Software for processors (mentioned above)

d. Examples of applications.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Examination - test

37

Recommended reading

Wade D. Peterson The VME Handbook.

VFEA International Trade Association Bibl.

Publishing houses of norms IEEE dot. VME, MULTIBUS-

2, CAMAC” IEEE-488 available in internet.

Data sheet VME, Multibus, IEEE-488.

Magazines:

Practical Electronics

Electronics for everyone

38

Subjects taught during the 3rd

year of studies, semester 5

Course unit code, title 1500-FL5PFK Foundations of Quantum Physics



of study/ semester

Lectures 30, classes 30

3rd

year, semester 5 (compulsory: specialization physics)

Number of credits 7

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Jakub Rembieliński



Introducing the foundations of quantum mechanics, leading up

to understanding the meaning of quantum phenomena.

Upon completion, students should be able to describe quantum

phenomena using the formalism of quantum mechanics.

Prerequisites

Course contents

The origin of quantum mechanics.

Mathematical methods of quantum mechanics.

Postulates of quantum mechanics.

The position and momentum representation.

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

The Schroedinger and Heisenberg picture.

Some simple quantum mechanical systems.

The harmonic oscillator.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lectures and classes/ Oral exam and practice exam

Recommended reading

1. C. J. Isham, Lectures on Quantum Theory, Imperial

College Press, 1995.

2. R. L. Liboff, Wstęp do mechaniki kwantowej, PWN,

1987.

3. R. P. Feynman, Feynmana wykłady z fizyki, tom 3,

PWN, 2002.

4. E. Elbaz, Kwanty, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu

Łódzkiego, 2002.

5. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Diu, F. Laloe, Quantum

Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, 1977.

6. L. E. Ballentine, Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific,

1998.

7. A. Peres, Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

39

Course unit code, title 1500-FZM5EL Classical Electrodynamics


Format/ # of hours/

year of studies /

semester

Lectures 30, tutorials 30

3rd


Number of Credits 7

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Cezary Gonera


and learning outcomes Introduction to basic concepts of classical electrodynamics

Prerequisites Classical Mechanics, Mathematical Analysis, Algebra, General

Physics

Course

contents

Maxwell equations; scalar and vector potential description; gauging; methods

of solving static and time dependent problems (Green functions, orthogonal

series development, multipole expansions); electromagnetic waves in vacuum

and in matter; electromagnetic wave radiation by periodic sources and by a

moving point charge; relativistic structure of Maxwell equations and its

description as an infinite dimensional classical mechanical system.

Teaching/

assessment methods

Continuous assessment (solving problems during exercises),

two checks on solving problems and one final examination.

Recommended reading

D. J. Griffiths, Podstawy elektrodynamiki, PWN 2001.

J.D.Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley&Sons,

1975.

L.D.Landau, E.M.Lifshitz, Field Theory, (Pergamon, 1965).

Course unit code, title 1500-FL5MMF Mathematical Methods in Physics

Language English


of studies/ semester Lectures, 30 hours

3rd

year, semester 5 (compulsory: specialization physics) Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Krzysztof Kowalski Objectives of the course

and learning outcomes mathematical background for lectures on quantum mechanics

Prerequisites Mathematical Analysis I, II, III

Course

contents

1. Hilbert spaces, orthonormal basis, strong and weak convergence in

Hilbert space, examples.

2. Unitary operators, examples.

3. Adjoint operator, symmetric operators, self-adjoint operators,

examples.

4. Orthogonal projection, trace class operators, positive operators,

examples.

5. Bounded and unbounded operators, norm of an operator, different

kinds of convergence of sequences of operators in Hilbert space,

examples.

6. Elements of spectral analysis of operators, discrete and continuous

spectrum, generalized eigenvectors, projection valued measure,

spectral theorem, examples.

7. Dirac notation.

40

8. Operator identities, examples.

9. Fourier transformation.

Teaching/Assessment methods lectures, oral examination

Recommended reading

1. M. Reed, B. Simon, Methods of Modern

Mathematical Physics. 1. Functional Analysis

(Academic Press, NewYork, 1972).

2. R.D. Richtmyer, Principles of Advanced

Mathematical Physics. vol. 1 (Springer, New York,

1978).

3. K. Maurin, Methods of Hilbert spaces (PWN,

Warszawa, 1967).

4. W. Kołodziej, Selected Chapters of Mathematical

Analysis (PWN, Warszawa, 1982) (in polish).

Course Code, Title 1500-FL5AST Astronomy


Type of course/# of


semester


3rd


Number of credits 2

Name of lecturer prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Bednarek



Introduction to basic astronomy, knowledge of basic

astronomical calculations and physics of cosmic bodies

Prerequisites course on general physics

Course

contents

Most important astronomical discoveries; orientation on the sky; calculations

of positions of celestial bodies; techniques of astronomical observations and

measurements;

physics and evolution of stars; structure of the Galaxy, basic physics of

galactic and extragalactic objects.

Teaching/Assessment

methods lecture, practical exercises and calculations

Recommended reading

Astronomy (M. Zeilik), An introduction to modern

astrophysics (B.W. Carroll & D.A. Ostlee), Encyclopaedia

of astronomy & astrophysics (P. Murdin), Astrophysical

data: planets and stars (K.R. Lang), Extragalactic

astronomy and cosmology (P. Schneider)

41

Course unit code, title 1500 – ZSO5SF Symmetries in physics



of study/ semester


3rd


Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Paweł Caban

Objective of the course Student should understand the role of symmetries in physics and

basic notions of group theory.

Prerequisites Mathematical analysis 1,2,3; Algebra 1,2; Classical Mechanics

Course

contents

Notion of symmetry. Space-time and internal symmetries. Group of

symmetry. Elements of group theory (Homomorphism. Cosets. Quotient

group. Direct product group. Classical matrix groups. Lie groups and linear

Lie groups. Topological properties of lie groups). Symmetries of Hamiltonian

(Lagrangian) and conservation laws of classical and quantum physics.

Galilei, Lorentz and Poincare groups.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture illustrated by examples./ Oral examination based

on problems solved at home.

Recommended reading

B. C. Hall, “Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and

Representations” Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003.

J. F. Cornwell, „Group Theory in Physics”,

Academic Press, London 1984.

M. Hamermesh, „Group theory”, Dover Publ. Inc.,

NY 1989

W. Greiner, B. Muller, Quantum mechanics,

Symmetries, Springer (1993)

Course unit code, title 1500-ZSM5PO Physical Basics of Imaging


Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

2nd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Andrzej Korejwo

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

An introducing to methods of medical imaging, with emphasis

to their physical principles

Prerequisites

Course

contents

1. Introduction

- importance of imaging in diagnostics, interventional radiology,

monitoring

of therapy progress, and in radiotherapy;

- variety of imaging techniques applied in medicine;

- selected topics of photometry;

- image as a tool of information transfer and storage;

- scheme of image formation; linear imaging system; image distortions.

2. X-ray image in radiography and fluoroscopy

- properties of X-ray interactions crucial to image formation

42

- structure and operation of X-ray set;

- analogue methods of image detection and recording:

• photographical method;

• X-ray TV system.

- special methods of X-ray imaging.

3. X-ray computed tomography

- principle of imaging; reconstruction of slice image;

- structure and operation of X-ray CT set.

4. Application of γ-emitting nuclides in image-based diagnostics

(scintigraphy, single photon emission tomography, positron emission

tomography)

- properties of nuclides applied in diagnostics;

- detection of γ-rays, image formation;

- structure and operation of diagnostic apparatus.

5. Physical basics and application of imaging methods

- nuclear magnetic resonance tomography;

- ultrasonography;

- thermography.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture with assistance of computer and projector

/ Oral or written evaluation test

Recommended reading

A.Z. Hrynkiewicz, E. Rokita (ed.): Fizyczne metody

diagnostyki medycznej i terapii

B. Pruszyński (ed.): Diagnostyka obrazowa. Podstawy


B. Pruszyński (ed.): Radiologia. Diagnostyka obrazowa.

RTG, TK, USG, MR i radioizotopy

Z. Bielecki, A. Rogalski: Detekcja sygnałów optycznych

Course unit code, title 1500-FL5JAC Selected Problems of Nuclear and Elementary

Particle Physics


Format/# of


semester


3rd


Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Piotr Kosiński

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

The student should master the elementary knowledge concerning

elementary particles and nuclear physics: the classification of

observable particles and the directly unobservable constituents of

standard model (quarks and gluons), basic symmetries and their

consequences, general ideas underlying the standard model, basic

informations concerning atomic nuclei;

Prerequisites general physics and elementary quantum mechanics

Course

contents

1. Interactions of elementary particles: strong, electromagnetic, weak and

gravitational; classification of elementary particles: bosons and

fermions; hadrons (barions and mesons), leptons, intermediate bosons;

2. Symmetries: Lorentz symmetry, parity, time reversal, charge

conjugation, other quantum numbers;

3. Foundations of standard model: elementary constituents (quarks, leptons

43

and intermediate bosons), general underlying ideas, basic implications,

Higgs boson, generalizations;

4. Elements of nuclear theory: strong and Coulomb interactions, binding

energy, shell and drop models;

Teaching/Assessment

methods lecture/

Recommended reading D.H.Perkins, Introduction to High Energy Physics, Press

Syndicate of the University of Cambridge 2000

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM5BB Biophysics and Biocybernetics

Language Polish

Format /# of hours/

year of studies /

semester

Lecture 30 h

3rd


Number of credits 2




acquiring the basic knowledge about the living matter

from point of view of medical biophysics;

Perception of the physical processes in living organisms;

Prerequisites knowledge of basic physics

Course

contents

Theoretical basics of biophysics: Hierarchical structure of the living

organisms. Molecule: bonding types, intramolecular and intermolecular

interactions. Energies and spectra of molecules. Macromolecular compounds,

biopolymers.

Biothermodynamics: thermodynamic system and processes; I and II

principles of the thermodynamics: enthalpy, Hess law, entropy, free energy,

free enthalpy, energy dissipation; exoergic and endoergic processes. Principles of the thermodynamics in live organisms, basal metabolism.

Irreversible thermodynamics: stationary state, Prigogine’s principle.

Coupled processes: filtration and ultrafiltration, thermodiffusion.

Transport phenomena: mass, energy, electric charge; physical laws of

transport; potentials: electrochemical, electrode, diffusion, membrane,

Donnan equilibrium; diffusion through a membrane, osmosis.

Bioenergetics: production and conversion of energy in live organisms

Thermokinetics - mechanisms of heat transport: thermal conduction,

convection,

thermal radiation, evaporation. Thermal balance of the homeothermal

organism.

Biocybernetics: basic quantities, negentropy – measure of the information

content, bit. Encoding and processing of information in receptors,

information funnel, testing of cybernetic systems. Steering and regulation.

Steering of concentration of medicine in single compartment system.

44

Regulation systems with feedback.

Biophysics of biological systems. Biophysics of cellular membrane.

Transport through cellular membrane: passive, aided, active. Rest potential

of cell, potential action; Nernst formula; biopotentials in nervous cell;

conversion of information in process of feel of stimulus, Stevens formula

and functions; Weber-Fechner law.

Biophysics of cell, tissues and organs: senses of hearing and sight,

cardiovascular system and respiratory system.

Influence of physical agents on the human organism: overloads,

ultrasounds, temperature and humidity, electrostatic, magnetic and

electromagnetic fields.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

computer presentation and narrative,

problems for consideration

oral examination

Recommended reading

1. Andrzej Pilawski ( red. ) - Podstawy biofizyki, PZWL

2. Feliks Jaroszyk ( red. ) - Biofizyka, PZWL

3. Józef Terlecki (red.) - Ćwiczenia laboratoryjne z

biofizyki i fizyki

4. Bolesław Kędzia ( red.) - Materiały do ćwiczeń z

biofizyki i fizyki

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM5DD Detection and Dosimetry of Ionizing

Radiation

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Lecture 30

3rd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Paweł Szałański

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

giving basic knowledge on detection and dosimetry of ionizing

radiation

Prerequisites basic knowledge in the field of nuclear physics and interaction of

ionizing radiation with matter

Course

contents

1. short characteristic of ionizing radiation, its sources and interaction

with a matter,

2. construction, principle of operation and parameters of the main

detectors of ionizing radiation,

3. construction, principle of operation and application feature of the

most important dosimeters of ionizing radiation,

4. sources of a background radiation and the ways of its suppressing,

5. basic electronic blocks used in detection of ionizing radiation

Teaching/Assessment

methods lecture/ writing or oral examination

Recommended reading textbooks available in the faculty library

45

Course unit code, title 1500-FML5BR Elements of Biochemistry and

Radiochemistry

Language Polish



Lecture 30 h

3rd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Ireneusz Majsterek, prof. dr hab. Krzysztof

Gwoździński



The purpose of this lecture is the basis of biochemistry and

radiochemistry. The lecture covers the area where biochemistry,

biophysical chemistry, and radiobiology meet. In the end of this

course students of medical physics should connect the theoretical

knowledge with their practical application in medicine.

Prerequisites Fundamentals of biochemistry and radiochemistry

Course

contents

The lecture covers structure, function, and regulation of biologically active

molecules; gene structure and expression; biochemical mechanisms; protein

biosynthesis; protein folding; membrane structure-function relationships;

bioenergetics; and immunochemistry. The lecture covers also the theoretical and

applied aspects of radiochemistry, including the fundamental nuclear physical

properties of radionuclides; the chemistry, physical and analytical chemistry,

and spectroscopy of radioactive elements and compounds; the occurrence,

speciation, and behavior of natural and artificial radionuclides in the

environment.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Test

Recommended reading

1. Biochemia, L Stryer, Wydawnictwo naukowe

PWN, Warszawa 2003.

2. Biochemia Harpera, RK Muuray, DK

Granner,PA Mayes VW Rodwell, Wydawnictwo

naukowe PWN 2001.

3. Biochemia kliniczna, S. Angielski, J. Rogulski

Wydawnictwo naukowe PWN, 1998.

4. Chemia jądrowa, J. Sobkowski, M. Jelińska-

Kazimierczuk, Wydawnictwo Adamantan, 2006.

46

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM5PJ Nuclear Laboratory

Language Polish


studies/ semester

Lab 45

3rd


Number of credits 5

Name of the lecturer dr Andrzej Żak



The introduction to basic experimental techniques applied in

physics of ionizing radiation.

Prerequisites Basics of physics of atom and atomic core.

Ability to process measurement data.

Course

contents

1. Measurement of the activity of β-radioactive sources.

2. Measurement of the maximum energy and maximum range of β-particles.

3. Determination of the activity of Co-60 isotope by the coincidence method.

4. Determination of the energy of γ-radiation using the method of half-value

layer.

5. Gamma-ray spectroscopy for Co-60 and Cs-137 sources.

6. Determination of the decay constant for silver isotopes: Ag-108

and Ag-110.

7. Determination of the relative thermal neutron cross section for the (n, γ) reaction for isotopes Ag-107 and Ag-109.

8. Determination of the spatial change of gamma photon flux in vicinity

of Co-60 point source.

9. Determination of the half-life for iodine isotope I-128.

10. Determination of the energy of alpha particles by measuring their maximum

range in air.

11. Determination of the activation curve.

12. Determination of the thin foil thickness by measurement of the difference

in alpha particles range.

13. Examination of the characteristic curve for Geiger-Műller counter.

Investigation of the counting frequency distribution.

14. Investigation of photon energy dependence on scattering angle in Compton

effect.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Individual work with student.

Assessment of every practical exercise, final credit.

Recommended reading

J. Araminowicz: Laboratorium Fizyki Jądrowej

Textbooks on subject: Introduction to physics of atomic

nucleus

47

3rd

year, semester 6

Course unit code, title 1500-FL6MKW Quantum Mechanics I


Type of course/# of

hours/year of study/

semester

Lectures 30, classes 30

3rd


Number of credits 7

Name of lecturer prof. dr hab. Jakub Rembieliński



Introducing the foundations of quantum mechanics, leading up

to understanding the meaning of quantum phenomena.

Upon completion, students should be able to describe quantum

phenomena using the formalism of quantum mechanics.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

1. Angular momentum and spin.

2. Symmetries in quantum mechanics and conservation laws.

3. The hydrogen atom.

4. Bipartite systems.

5. Entangled states and the reduced density matrix.

6. Quantum correlations in a system of two spin 1/2 particles.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lectures and classes/ Oral exam and practice exam

Recommended reading

1. C. J. Isham, Lectures on Quantum Theory, Imperial

College Press, 1995.

2. R. L. Liboff, Wstęp do mechaniki kwantowej, PWN,

1987.

3. R. P. Feynman, Feynmana wykłady z fizyki, tom 3,

PWN, 2002.

4. E. Elbaz, Kwanty, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu

Łódzkiego, 2002.

5. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, B. Diu, F. Laloe, Quantum

Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, 1977.

6. L. E. Ballentine, Quantum Mechanics, World Scientific,

1998.

7. A. Peres, Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods,

Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

48

Course unit code, title 1500-FL6AM Selected Problems from Atomic, Molecular and

Solid State Physics


Format/# of


semester


3rd


Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Anna Urbaniak-Kucharczyk

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

To understand connections between structure and properties of

matter.

To acquire basic knowledge about collective phenomena and

properties of solids.

Prerequisites Principles of Quantum Mechanics, Thermodynamic and

Statistical Physics

Course

contents

I. Principles of atomic spectroscopy. II. Quantum mechanical picture of atom.

III. Basis of radiation theory. IV. Atom in electric and magnetic field. V. X-ray

spectra. VI. Molecules. VII. Crystallographic structures VIII. Lattice

vibrations. IX. Diffraction of X-rays, neutrons and electrons. X. Metals, model

of free electrons. XI. Energy bands in solids XII. Properties of semiconductors.

XIII. Dielectric and optical properties of solids. XIV. Magnetism. XV.

Superconductivity.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture + exercises - solving of several problems

individually assigned to students

Test + problems to solve..

Recommended reading

G.K. Woodgate - "Atomic structure"

C. Kittel - "Introduction to Solid State Physics"

N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin - "Solid State Physics"

W. A. Harrison - "Introduction to the Theory of Solid State"

M.A. Omar - "Elementary solid state physics"

H. Ibach, H. Lüth – „Solid State Physics”

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM6AE Electromedical Equipment in Diagnostic Use

Language Polish Format/# of hours/year

of studies/ semester Lab 30 3

rd year, semester 6 (compulsory: medical physics)

Number of credits 2 Name of lecturer inż. Adam Wegner


and learning outcomes Physics in contemporary electromedical

machines

Prerequisites Basic physics theory: mechanics, optics, acoustics, wavy theory of light,

electromagnetic radiation, electric & electromagnetic field

Course

contents

X-ray medical equipment - construction and activity

Principles of construction ultrasound scanners

X-ray tubes. New solutions and parameters.

Picture converters –components

Recording methods.

49

CT and MR scanners- constructions


Equipment demonstration. For Working purpose.

Presentation of the component parts.

Practical session: Independent service.

Questions and answers.

Mark: Personal involvement and activity level

Recommended reading

Stanisław Klewenhagen „Promieniowanie X i ich

zastosowanie w medycynie”.

M. Ziembicki „Aparatura elektromedyczna”.

„Leksykon Radiologii”.

Course unit code, title 1500FL6FA Elements of Physics and Astrophysics





3rd


Number of credits 4

Name of lecturer prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Bednarek



Extension of knowledge on the physics and astrophysics of

celestial bodies, knowledge on quantitative determination of

proprieties of celestial bodies .

Prerequisites astronomy, relativistic mechanics, electrodynamics, elements of

quantum mechanics

Course

contents

Earth as celestial body; origin and structure of planetary system, planets

around other stars; internal structure of the Sun and stars; details of stellar

evolution – diagram H-R (evolution of stars in binary systems); final stages of

stellar evolution (white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, supernova

remnants); details of structure and content of the Galaxy; other galaxies;

active galaxies; large scale structure of the Universe; observational grounds of

cosmology; Big Bang model; new observational results and their

consequences for Cosmology; origin of elements

Teaching/Assessment

methods lecture, practical calculations

Recommended reading

Particle astrophysics (D. Perkins), High energy

astrophysics (M. Longair), Black Holes, White Dwarfs and

Neutron Stars (S.L. Shapiro, S.A. Teukolsky),

Extragalactic astronomy and cosmology (P. Schneider)

50

Course unit code, title 1500-FL6OM Medical Digital Image


Format/# of


semester

Lectures 15, lab 15

3rd


Number of credits 2


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

An introducing to digital imaging, especially in the scope of

medical diagnostics: properties, formation and processing of

bitmaps

Prerequisites Physical basics of medical imaging

Course

contents

1. Analogue image; digital images: vector and bitmap image.

2. Bitmap

- structure of 2D image; pixel, its coordinate and value;

- basic types of image: binary, monochrome and colour.

3. Colour images; colour space.

4. Formation of digital image of real object

- actions performed at data acquisition;

- digitisation of analogue image.

5. Properties of display and printing systems.

6. File structure for selected bitmap formats; DICOM standard.

7. Bitmap processing.

- point transformations — including: histogram processing, LUT operations

and two (or more) images processing;

- geometric transformations;

- image filtration with convolution, median and logical filters;

- morphological transformations;

- image processing in spatial frequency space.

8. 3D and 4D image.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture with assistance of computer and projector;

exercises: practical performance of selected methods of

image processing

/ Assessment of the performance of exercises; evaluation

test

Recommended reading

J. D. Foley et al.: Wprowadzenie do grafiki komputerowej

(Introduction to computer graphics)

M. Ostrowski (ed.): Informacja obrazowa

R. Tadeusiewicz, P. Korohoda: Komputerowa analiza

i przetwarzanie obrazów

W. Malina et al.: Podstawy cyfrowego przetwarzania

obrazów

Ch. D. Watkins et al.: Nowoczesne metody przetwarzania

obrazu (Modern image processing)

51

Course unit code,

title 1500-ZSO6DM Dosimetry and Techniques of Radiotherapy

Language Polish

Format/# of

hours/year of

studies/ semester

Lectures 30

year III semester 6 (optional)

Number of credits 2

Name of the

lecturer dr Andrzej Żak

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Introduction to devices and basic techniques applied in radiotherapy

Prerequisites Introduction to physics and nuclear physics

Course contents

1. Select the questions with bases' of physics the atomic radiation.

2. Brachytherapy.

3. Teleradiotherapy.

4. Unconventional methods of radiotherapy.

5. Special equipment applied in radiotherapy.

6. Contamination radiotherapeutic beams.

7. Photons beams in scattering environment.

8. Beams of electrons.

9. Measurement of dose of radiation on the basis of efficiency of

therapeutic apparatus.

10. Planning the distribution of doses.

11. Dosimetry the external of radiation flux.

12. Computer system of planning the therapy.

Teaching/Assessme

nt methods Lecture with assistance of projector (examination)

Recommended

reading

A. Hrynkiewicz: Fizyczne metody diagnostyki i terapii

G. Pawlicki: Fizyka medyczna (tom 9)

W. Scharf: Akceleratory biomedyczne

W. Łobodziec: Dozymetria promieniowania jonizującego

P. F. Kukołowicz: Charakterystyka wiązek terapeutycznych

fotonów i elektronów

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM6RP Legal Regulations – Radiation Protection

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Laboratory – seminar 30

3rd


Number of credits 2


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Introduction to the current European and Polish legal regulations

in Radiation Protection

Analysis of Radiation Protection principles.

Prerequisites The Basics of Radiation Protection

52

Course

contents

European Commission Directives. The Atomic Law. Executive acts to the

Atomic Law. International and national system of radiation protection. The

Quality System in medical exposure.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Multimedia presentations. Student seminars / Test

Recommended reading

1. Grzegorz Pawlicki, Maciej Nałęcz, Fizyka Medyczna,

Biocybernetyka i inżynieria biomedyczna 2000 t. 9

2. Bogdan Pruszyński, Diagnostyka obrazowa. Podstawy


3. Dziennik Ustaw Kancelarii Sejmu RP

4. Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM6Fl Physiology

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

3rd


Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Anna Gorąca

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

The aim of physiology is to teach students the basis of normal

functioning of particular organs and the whole human organism. It

is important for students to know the relationships between organs

and systems of the organism as well as to identify and understand

mutual interaction between systems, organs and cells.

Prerequisites basics of biology

Course

contents

General and Cellular basis of medical physiology: Transport cross cell

membranes, the capillary wall, intercellular communication, homeostasis.

Physiology of nerves. Excitable tissue nerve: morphology of nerve cells,

excitation and conduction of action potential (nerves impulse), ionic basis of

excitation and conduction, properties of mixed nerves, neuroglia.

Physiology of muscle cells. Excitable tissue-muscle: morphology of skeletal

muscle, electrical phenomena and ionic fluxes, contractile responses of muscle,

types of contraction.

Cardiac muscle-morphology, electrical and mechanical properties. Pacemaker

tissue. Smooth muscle. Visceral smooth muscle and multi-unit smooth muscle.

Synaptic and junctional transmission: types of synapses, neuromuscular

transmission, excitatory and inhibitory transmitters.

Functions of the nervous system. Reflexes. Monosynaptic and polysynaptic

reflexes.

Electrical activity of the brain. The electroencephalogram.

Control of posture and movement: corticospinal and corticobulbar system, basal

ganglia, cerebellum.

Higher functions of the nervous system: learning and memory, physiology of

53

language.

Autonomic nervous system. Anatomic organization of autonomic nervous

system: sympathetic division and parasympathetic division. Chemical

transmission at autonomic junctions. Chemical divisions of the autonomic

nervous system. Responses of effector organs to autonomic nerve impulses.

Central regulation of visceral function. Function of hypothalaminc.

Temperature regulation.

Regulation of gastrointestinal function. Feeding center. Neuropeptide Y and

leptin. Gastrointestinal hormones. Mouth and esophagus, control of salivary

secretion. Stomach, gastric secretion, cephalic, gastric and intestinal influences.

Exocrine portion of the pancreas-anatomic consideration. Composition and role

of pancreatic juice. Liver and biliary system. Function of liver.

Respiration. Anatomy of the lungs: air passages, the bronchi and their

innervations. Mechanics of respiration: inspiration and expiration, lung volumes,

respiratory muscles, surfactant, dead space and uneven ventilation. Gas

exchange in the lungs. Gas Transport between the lungs and tissues: oxygen

transport, carbon dioxide transport.

Regulation of respiratory: neural control of breading, chemical control of

breathing (carotid and aortic bodies), chemoreceptors in the brain stem.

Circulation. Circulating body fluids. Blood: bone marrow, white blood cells,

granulocytes, monocytes, limfocytes T and B. Innate and acquired immunity.

Red blood cells: red cell fragility, characteristics of human red cells,

hemoglobin. Platelets.

Blood types: the ABO system, the Rh group. Plasma: plasma proteins.

Hemostasis: the clotting mechanism, anticlottting mechanisms, anticoagulants,

abnormalities of hemostasis..

Origin of the heartbeat and the electrical activity of the heart. Origin and spread

of cardiac excitation: anatomic considerations, properties of cardiac muscle,

pacemaker potentials, spread of cardiac excitation. The electrocardiogram

(ECG): waves of the ECG. Cardiac arrhythmias: normal cardiac rate, abnormal

pacemakers.

The heart as a pump. Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle: atrial systole,

ventricular systole, diastole. Heart sounds. Murmurs.

Cardiac output. Factors controlling cardiac output.

Dynamic of blood flow. Arterial and arteriolar circulation: flow of blond,

arterial pressure. Capillary circulation.

Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms. Local regulation: autoregulation,

vasodilator metabolites. Substances secreted by the endothelium: prostacyclin

and thromboxane A2, nitric oxide, CO, endothelins. Systemic regulation by

hormones: natriuretic hormones. Circulating vasoconstrictors: norepinephrine,

vasopressin, angiotensin II.

Systemic regulation by the nervous system: innervation of the blood vessels,

cardiac innervation, baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch, the

Bainbridge reflex, coronary chemoreflex (the Bezold Jarisch reflex), pulmonary

receptors.

Circulation through special regions. Coronary circulation: anatomic

considerations, chemical factors and renal factors.

Renal Function. Functional anatomy. The nephron. Renal circulation:

regulation of the renal blond flow. Glomerular filtration. Tubular function.

Mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and secretion. Water excretion. Endocrine

function of renal.

Regulation of extracellular fluid composition and volume. Defense of tonicity.

54

Defense of volume. Defense of H+ concentration. Respiratory acidosis and

alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Buffers in blood.

Hormonal control of calcium metabolism. The parathyroid glands: synthesis

and metabolism of parathyroid hormone (PTH), mechanism of action.

Calcytonin: secretion and metabolism, mechanism of action.

Endocrine functions of the pancreas and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Islet cell structure. Secretion of insulin, effects of insulin,

regulation of insulin secretion. Glucagon: action and regulation of secretion.

Glucose tolerance test. Diabetes mellitus. Other islet cell hormones:

somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide.

Humoral control of homeostasis: Function of the pituitary gland: hormones of

the anterior pituitary and hormones of the posterior pituitary lobe.

Hormones of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. Hormones of the

thyroid gland.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture/examination

Recommended reading Review of Medical Physiology, W.F. Ganong 2005

Course unit code, title 1500FL6MN Physics in Nuclear Medicine


Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

3rd


Number of credits 2


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

An introduction to methods, materials and radiation protection in

nuclear medicine, with emphasis on their physical principles

Prerequisites

Physical basics of nuclear physics: atom structure, term of

isotope, nuclear transformations: α, β, γ, radioactive decay law,

term of half-life, activity, interaction of ionizing radiation with

living organisms, somatic and genetic effects, terms of:

absorption, exposition dose, dose equivalent, exposure limits,

differences in tissue sensitivity, critical organ.

Course

contents

Short history of nuclear medicine.

Devices used in nuclear medicine: scintillation detectors, application of detectors

in dosimetry and in-vivo diagnostics: scintigraphic measurements, novel

techniques in nuclear medicine: multi-head gamma camera, position emission

tomography, gamma cameras for SPECT and position markers (gamma camera

with ultra-high-energy collimators, gamma camera SPECT with coincidence

setup) – physical basics of functions of those diagnostic devices, their use and

possibilities of optimization of work parameters.

Radiopharmaceuticals: radioisotopes used in medicine, rules of choice for

radiopharmaceuticals, methods of production of radioactive isotopes, main

55

methods of production of radiopharmaceuticals.

Radiation protection principles: radioactive contamination, radiation accidents,

assessment of staff exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture with assistance of computer/written evaluation test

Recommended reading

J. Liniecki, D. Brykalski: Medycyna nuklearna w zarysie,

L. Królicki: Medycyna nuklearna,

S. Nowak, K. Rudzki, E. Piętka, E. Czech: Zarys medycyny

nuklearnej,

M. Nałęcz (red.) Biocybernetyka i inżynieria biomedyczna

2000,

A. Z. Hrynkiewicz, E. Rokita (red.) Fizyczne metody

diagnostyki medycznej i terapii.

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM6TE Contemporary Electronic & Computer

Techniques in Medicine


Format/# of


semester

Lectures 15, Lab 15

3rd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Pawel Szałański

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Selected applications of electronics and computer techniques in

modern medicine.

Prerequisites Electronics, computer networks, data bases.

Course

contents

1. Medical data – acquisition, transmission and storage.

2. Standards and norms for medical data.

3. Informatics techniques in healthcare organizations.

4. Hospital informatics systems – functions, components, architecture and

security.

5. Computer aided electro medical instrumentation.

6. Computer decision support systems in medical diagnostics.

7. Telemedicine.

8. Modeling of biomedical systems.

9. Medical informatics and educational systems available in internet.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture and computer exercises / oral examination.

56

Recommended reading

1. Robert Rudowski, Informatyka medyczna, PWN

Warszawa, 2003.

2. Ewa Piętka, Zintegrowany system informatyczny w

pracy szpitala, PWN Warszawa, 2004.

3. Ball, M.J., Simborg, D.W., Albright, J.W., Douglas,

J.V., Healthcare Information Management Systems,

Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.

4. International Journal of Medical Informatics,

Elsevier.

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM6RB Radiobiology

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

3rd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Anita Krokosz

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Introduction to the issues of the interaction of ionizing radiation

with biological systems paying special attention to the human

being. Presentation of the nowadays’ knowledge about effects of

ionizing radiation on biocompounds, cellular structures, cells,

tissues and organisms.

Prerequisites

Students should possess the basic knowledge of biochemistry,

cytology and genetics. Moreover, the knowledge of the nature

and properties of ionizing radiation and dosimetry is required.

Course

contents

1. The ionizing radiation in the environment and characteristics of

sources used in radiation chemistry and radiobiology.

2. Absorption of the energy of ionizing radiation by biological systems.

The influence of LET of radiation, direct and indirect effects.

3. Water radiolysis – radiation yields, characteristics of water radiolysis

products.

4. Characteristic of radiation-induced damage to proteins, nucleic acids,

lipids and carbohydrates.

5. Radiation effects on subcellular systems: membranes, mitochondria,

nucleus, lysosomes.

6. Radiation effects on genetic material - mutations, DNA breaks,

transformation.

7. Relative biological effectiveness, oxygen enhancement ratio.

8. The influence of ionizing radiation on cells; cell death, survival

curves, repair of damage.

9. Theoretical models of radiation action on cells.

10. Measurement techniques used in radiation chemistry and radiobiology:

ESR, pulse radiolysis.

11. Chromosome abberations as a biological dosimeter.

12. Modification of radiation effects by external factors; sensitizers and

radioprotectors.

13. The effects of ionizing radiation on the human organism. Genetic

factors determining radiosensitivity of the cells.

14. Late somatic effects: radiation-induced life shortening, radiation

57

cancerogenesis.

15. Prognostic factors in radiotherapy.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Examination (written or oral)

Recommended reading

1. Szymański W., Chemia jądrowa, PWN, Warszawa,

1996

2. Człowiek i promieniowanie jonizujące,

Hrynkiewicz, A. Z., Ed., PWN, Warszawa, 2001

3. Biofizyka dla biologów, Bryszewska M. & Leyko

W., Eds, PWN, 1997

4. Podstawy biofizyki. Podręcznik dla studentów, Jaroszyk F., Ed., PZWL, Warszawa, 2001

5. Łobodziec W., Dozymetria promieniowania

jonizującego w radioterapii, Silesian University

Publishing House, Katowice, 1999

6. Original and review papers from specialized

scientific journals, e.g. “Journal of Radiation

Biology”, „Contemporary Oncology”

Course unit code, title 1500-LFM4SA Calibration of X-ray unit and dosimeters



studies/ semester

Lab 45

3rd


Number of credits 3



learning outcomes

Practical calibration and validation methods of dosimetric

instruments

Prerequisites

Course contents

1. Dose calibration of film dosimeters

2. Energy characteristic of TLD

3. HVL measurements

4. Measurements of dose distribution

5. Measurements of intensity of X-ray for narrow beam

6. Measurement of intensity of gamma radiation

7. HVL measurements of gamma radiation

8. Dose distribution of gamma radiation

9. Calibration of X-ray radiation monitors

10. Calibration of gamma radiation monitors

11. Test χ2 of radon concentration monitors

12. Calibration of radon concentration monitors

13. Track detectors calibration

14. Grab sampling of radon concentration measurements

15. Long period radon concentration measurements

58

Teaching/Assessment

methods laboratory

Recommended reading

Course unit code, title 1500-FL6ZN Some Remarks on Nanotechnology

Language English

Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

3rd


Number of credits 2

Name of lecturer dr hab. Z. Klusek

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

to give introduction to the basic ideas of nanotechnology

Prerequisites

elementary course of physics typical for Physics and Applied

Informatics Faculty

introduction to quantum mechanics

Course

contents

1. Hardcore and pragmatic definition of nanotechnology.

2..Devices used in scientific investigations in nanometer

scale(STM,AFM,LEED).

3. Obstacles to further miniaturization of electronic devices.

4. Low dimensional quantum system – quantum well, quantum wire, quantum

dot. Resonant tunneling and quantum dot transistor.

5. Classical and ballistic transport of electrons in low dimensional systems.

Quant of electrical conductance.

6. Coulomb blockade. Single electron transistor.

7. Introduction to molecular electronics.

8. New materials for nanotechnology – carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.

9. Graphene in nanotechnology.

10. Nanolitography.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Recommended reading

Notes given by lecturer

Introduction to Nanotechnology

C.P. Poole, F.J. Owens

John Wiley & Sons 2003

Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology

edited by W.A. Goddart III, D.W. Brenner, S.E. Lyshevski,

G.J. Iafrat,

CRC Press 2003

Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology

Editor E. Bhushan, Springer 2004

59

Course Code, Title Selected topics in quantum computers theory Language polish, english

Type of course/# of


semester

Lectures/30 Year 3, semester 6

Number of credits 5 Name of lecturer dr Zbigniew Walczak

Objective of the course Introduction to quantum computer science. Prerequisites Foundations of quantum physics

Course

contents

Classical bit and quantum bit (qubit).

Classical and quantum logic gates.

Quantum mechanics of qubits (state, evolution, measurement).

Separable and entangled pure quantum states (Bell states).

Quantum circuits (Bell states generator, Bell states analyzer, quantum teleportation

of unknown qubit state, quantum teleportation of CNOT gate).

Deutsch algorithm.

Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm.

Grover quantum database search algorithm.

Teaching/Assessement methods Lectures / Oral exam

Recommended reading

M. A. Nielsen, I. L. Chuang, Quantum computation and

quantum information, Cambridge University Press, 2000. N. D. Mermin, Quantum computer science, Cambridge

University Press, 2007. E. Desurvire, Classical and quantum information theory,

Cambridge University Press, 2009. M. Hirvensalo, Algorytmy kwantowe, WSiP, 2004.

Physics – graduate studies (2nd cycle) 1

st year, semester 1

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU1FT Theoretical physics

Language English


of study/ semester

Lectures (45 h.) and classes (45 h.)

Number of credits 8

Name of the lecturer dr hab. C.Gonera/prof. dr hab. P.Kosiński



To gain understanding of methods and formalism of theoretical

physics and their application to the description of physical

phenomena

Prerequisites: basics of algebra,analysis, general physics and theoretical

physics

60

Course

contents

Elements of analytical mechanics: Lagrange equations, variational principles,

Noether theorem, Hamilton equations, canonical transformations, integrable and

chaotic systems, elements of relativistic mechanics; elements of mechanics of

continuous media.

Elements of statistical physics: classical and quantum equilibrium ensembles,

Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, basic principles of thermodynamics,

thermodynamics, simple applications.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lectures (45 h.) and classes (45 h.)

Recommended reading

L.D.Landau, E.M.Lifshitz, Mechanics, Elsevier

Science&Technology

L.D.Landau, E.M.Lifshitz,Theory of elasticity, Elsevier

Science&Technology

K.Huang,Introduction to statistical

physics,Taylor&Francis 2001

L.D.Landau,E.M.Lifshitz, The classical theory of fields,

Elsevier Science &Technology

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU1(2)PF Physical Laboratory II (part 1 and 2)

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Lab 75

1st year (2

nd cycle), semester 1 and 2 (compulsory)

Number of credits 7

Name of the lecturer dr Jerzy Ledzion

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

– understanding the physical phenomena and laws,

– knowledge of experimental techniques in physics

– knowledge of the experimental data analysis

– searching for the scientific information

– writing reports describing the experiment and its results

Prerequisites

– General Physics I-IV

– Physical Laboratory I

– Statistical Data Analysis

– Applied Computer Programs

Course

contents

Students perform 3 physical experiments in each semester. The experiments

in the laboratory concern the classical physics (mechanics, electricity and

magnetism, optics, statistical physics) and also atomic, molecular and solid

state physics. Some of them are repetitions of important physical

experiments (e.g. Millikan experiment, Franck-Hertz experiment, Brownian

motion). Other experiments (e.g. investigation of the light interference,

determination of the crystal structure by means of the Roentgen rays

diffraction, investigation of semiconductors, measurement of the velocity of

light) show the important physical phenomena. In the experiments the

contemporary digital measurement instruments are used. Some of

61

experiments are computer supported.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Teaching method – individual work with the students

The note of each experiment consists of 4 parts:

– introductory colloquium

– activity of the student during experimental work

– report describing the experiment and its results

– final colloquium

Final semester note is the mean value from the notes of 3

experiments

Recommended reading

Pracownia fizyczna dla zaawansowanych, Uniwersytet

Łódzki

J. Orear, Fizyka, t. I i II, WNT Warszawa 1990

R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands, Feynmana wykłady z

fizyki, PWN, Warszawa, 1970

Ch. Kittel, W. D. Light, M. A. Ruderman, Mechanika, PWN,

Warszawa 1969

E. M. Purcell, Elektryczność i magnetyzm, PWN, Warszawa

1971

F. C. Crawford, Fale, PWN, Warszawa, 1972

F. Reif, Fizyka statystyczna, PWN, Warszawa 1975

R. Resnick, D. Halliday, Fizyka t. 1 i 2, P, Warszawa 1996.

Course unit code, title 1500-ISM7AD Data Analysis

Language polish


of study/ semester

lecture/30/1/1

Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Tadeusz Wibig



Knowledge of modern standards of reports of experimental

result. Abilities to use contemporary statistical analysis tools.

Prerequisites Elements of probability

Course

contents

Cognitive process in experimental science

beginings of classical probability definitio; probability- axiomatic and

bayessian

Uncertainty by NIST and ISO

Probability

definition (PDG), properties, two variables and more, correlation.

Some probability distributions

Estimation theory

point estimation, effectivity of an estimator; method of moments, least

squares method, maximum likelihood method, some important estimators,

regression curves and lines, best fit linear dependence, confidence interval

estimation.

Hypothesis tests

errors in hypothesis rejection, likelihood ratio, analysis of the variance

(ANOVA), parametic and non-parametric tests, histogram, empirical

62

cumulative functio,χ2

test, Kolmogorov test.

Bayesian probalility

conditional probability, Bayes theorem, Bayesian inference, Bayesian

hypothesis testing

Principal component analysis (PCA).

Independent component analysis (ICA).

Example of practical use of modern statystical methods for image analysis.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture/ written examination

Recommended reading

W.-M. Yao, et al., J. Phys. G 33, 1 (2006) and 2007 partial

update for the 2008 edition available on the PDG WWW

pages (URL: http://pdg.lbl.gov/)

Course unit code, title Calculation methods (2/3)

Language polish


of study/ semester

lecture/30/1/1

Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer Tadeusz Wibig



Development of abilities of performing elaborated calculations

using modern computer tools.

Prerequisites Analysis and Algebra

Course

contents

Calculation methods,

errors in numerican calculations, floating-point arithmetic, algorythm.

Interpolation,

linear interpolation, square and cubic approximation, Lagrange interpolation,

Newton's fromula, Hermite interpolation, trygonometric interpolation, discrete

Fourier analysis

Approximation

optimal element and approximation error, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization,

orthogonal polinomialsseries, Fourier series.

Definite integral

quadratures, interpolation quadratures, gauss quadratures, Monte Carlo

methods

One variable equations

iteration function, Newton-Raphston methods, regula falsi, bisection method,

inverse interpolation method, Brent method, van Wijngaardena-Dekkera-

Brenta method, Aitken correction.

Sets of linear equations

matrix norm, conditionningof the set of equation problem, Gauss method,

matrix decomposition methods, Main element method, very big sets of

equation, Jacobi, Richardson, Gauss-Siedl methods, gradient methods.

Differential equations

Euler method, Runge-Kutta methods, standard 4th

order RK method, RKF45

method, multisteps methods.

63

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture/ written examination

Recommended reading „Przegląd metod numerycznych” J. i M. Jankowscy.

Course unit code, title Calculation methods

Language polish


of study/ semester

Specializes lectures /15/1/1

Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek Prof. UŁ



To introduce students to density functional theory allowing

electronic structure calculation in condensed matter and

simulation of scanning tunneling microscopy topographies.

The learning outcome will be the basic knowledge about density

functional theory and handling VASP software package.

Prerequisites Issues of atom physics, molecules and condensed matter

Course

contents

Handling of VASP software package. Application of tight binding method to

graphene. Electronic structure of graphene in density functional theory

(DFT). STM topography of graphene based on DFT method.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

laboratory/exam

Recommended reading



lecturer

2. Idee chemii kwantowej

L. Piela, WN PWN, Warszawa, 2003

Course unit code, title 1500-FZM9ME Experimental methods of modern physics

Language polish


of study/ semester

Specializes lectures /15/2/4

Number of credits 3

64

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek Prof. UŁ



To introduce students to surface sensitive techniques used in

condensed matter physics and nanotechnology

The learning outcome will be the basic knowledge about

principles of operation and data interpretation in

XPS/LEED/RHEED/SPM techniques

Prerequisites Issues of atom physics, molecules and condensed matter

Course

contents

Ultrahigh vacuum in surface investigations. Electron spectroscopy for

chemical analysis – XPS. Low energy electron diffraction - LEED.

Reflection high energy electron diffraction - RHEED. Introduction to

scanning probe microscopy - SPM

Teaching/Assessment

methods

The multimedia lectures/exam

Recommended reading



lecturer

2. C. Kittel, Wstęp do Fizyka Ciała Stałego,

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN , Warszawa 1999

1. H. Ibach, H. Luth, Fizyka Ciała Stałego

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1996

2. A. Oleś, Metody Doświadczalne Fizyki Ciała

Stałego, Wydawnictwo Naukowo-Techniczne,

Warszawa 1998






Course unit code, title 1500-FMU1MD Introduction to Computer Modelling

Language Polish

65


of study/ semester

Lecture 15, exercise 15

1st year (2

nd cycle), semester 1

Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr Lech Łasoń

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

It is a guide to simulation and modelling methods with explicit

recommendations of methods and algorithms. It covers both the

technical aspects of the subject, such as the generation of random

numbers, non-uniform random variables and stochastic

processes, and the use of simulation. During the classes students

will write short programs in order to use in practice selected

methods, mainly computer simulations.

Prerequisites A knowledge of basic probability theory and mathematical

statistics is assumed. Some knowledge of programming.

Course

contents

1. Introduction. Basic probability theory.

2. Methods for producing pseudorandom numbers and transforming those

numbers to simulate samples from various distributions

3. Random walk

4. Monte Carlo evaluation of finite-dimensional integrals

5. Monte Carlo shielding calculations

6. Empirical model construction, model analysis, and model research

7. Population models

8. Analysis of Chaotic Models, Attractors

9. Percolation

10. Monte Carlo simulation of thermal systems

Teaching/Assessment

methods Exercise: credit

Recommended reading

Harvey Gould, Jan Tobochnik, Wolfgang Christian, “An

Intro-duction to Computer Simulation Methods:

Applications to Phy-sical Systems", Addison Wesley, 2006.

J. Hammersley "Monte Carlo Methods", Chapman & Hall,

1979.

R. Zieliński, “Generatory liczb losowych”, WNT,

Warszawa, 1972.

J.G. Andrews, R.R. McLone, (eds.), “Mathematical Model-

ing”, Butterworths, 1976.

W. Heller, „Wstęp do rachunku prawdopodobieństwa”,

PWN, Warszawa, 1980.

Course unit code, title 1500-FMUZS2 Spectroscopic and Microscopic Methods in

Biomedical Applications.

Language Polish, English.


of study/ semester

Lecture / 15 / I / semester 2.

Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr. Paweł Szałański

66



Physics of atomic and nuclear radiation used in contemporary

medicine, application in diagnostics and therapy.

Prerequisites Basic knowledge in physics (course III).

Course

contents

1. Optical microscopy.

2. Confocal microscopy.

3. Fluorescence microscopy.

4. IR and Raman spectroscopy.

5. Mössbauer spectroscopy.

6. Photoelectron spectroscopy.

7. Dielectric spectroscopy.

8. EPR spectroscopy.

9. Analytical methods in medical research (NAA, mass spectroscopy,

chromatography).

10. Endoscopic methods in diagnostics and therapy.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture / Oral or written evaluation test.

Recommended reading

1. Litwin J., „Podstawy technik mikroskopowych”, wyd.

Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 1999.

2. Pluta M., Advanced Light microscopy. Volume 1.

Principles and basic proparities, wyd. PWN, Warszawa

1988.

3. Kurczyńska E., “Mikroskopia świetlna w badaniach

komórki roślinnej”, wyd. PWN, Warszawa 2000.

4. Baranowska I., “Wybrane dzialy analizy

instrumentalnej”, wyd. Politechniki Slaskiej, Gliwice

2006.

Course unit code, title 1500-FMUZS4 Lasers in Medicine

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture 20

1st year (2

nd cycle), semester 1 (compulsory)

Number of credits 1


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Lecture explains the basic physics of laser-based technologies,

the bio-physical principles behind their mechanism of action, and

their applications in many medicine procedures.

Prerequisites None

Course

contents

1. Introduction. Light – Matter Interaction

2. Laser Physics

3. Laser – Tissue Interactions

4. Lasers in Ophthalmology - Basics, Diagnostics, and Surgical Aspects

5. Principles and Practice of Lasers in Otorhinolaryngology

6. Principles and Practice of Lasers in Head and Neck Surgery

7. Cosmetics Applications of Laser

8. Ultrashort Laser Pulses in Medicine

67

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Recommended reading

F. Kaczmarek, “Podstawy działania laserów”, Warszawa,

1983

F. Kaczmarek, “Wstęp do fizyki laserów”, Warszawa 1978

H. Abramczyk, „Wstęp do spektroskopii laserowej”, PWN,

Warszawa, 2000

K. Shinoda, „Wstęp do fizyki laserów”, PWN, Warszawa,

1993

W. Demtroder, „Spektroskopia laserowa”, PWN,

Warszawa, 1993

Jóźwicki R., „Optyka laserów”, Warszawa, 1981

A. Straburzyńska-Lupa , G. Straburzyński, „Fizjoterapia”,

PZWL, 2008

P. Fiedor, „Zarys klinicznych zastosowań laserów”,

Warszawa, 1995

T. Kęcik, „Lasery w okulistyce”, Warszawa, 1984.

Course unit code, title Specialized course ─ theory of elementary particles

Language English


of study/ semester Lectures/30 hours/ I year/ 1 semester

Number of credits 3 points

Name of the lecturer Bogusław Broda



Comprehension of the description and of the role of elementary

particles and fundamental interactions

Prerequisites Quantum mechanics, symmetries in physics

Course

contents

Species of elementary particles (leptons, mesons, barions), mass, spin, helicity,

statistics, classification of elementary particles, fundamental particles (quarks)

and their classification, fundamental interactions and their characteristic, field

theory, the action, variational principle and field equations, symmetries and their

types, Noether theorem, currents and charges, gauge symmetry, mass of

elementary particles, the standard model, unification.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Traditional lectures at the blackboard/oral exam

Recommended reading

D. Perkins, Introduction to High Energy Physics.

K. Huang, Quarks, Leptons and Gauge Fields.

L. B. Okun, A, B, G...Z: A Primer in Particle Physics.

68

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU3MN Nuclear Medicine

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Lectures 15, Practices 30

1st year (2


Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr Marian J. Surma

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

As a result of teaching, the medical physicist should:

1. to know the principle of nuclear medicine image

techniques,

2. to be in possession to measure the physical parameters of

diagnostic devices,

3. to be able to evaluate the quality of nuclear medicine

image,

4. to own theoretical and practical knowledge to determine

the radiopharmaceutical activity and radiation dose in

patient,

5. to known how to perform the tests of quality control of

imaging equipment,

6. to be able to perform a teaching of physicians specializing

in a nuclear medicine.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

1. Radioactive decay.

2. Interaction of radiation with matter.

3. Detectors of radiation

4. Detection system of γ-rays counting

5. Statistics of radiation counting

6. Detection systems of imaging.

7. Digital imaging.

8. Image data acquisition, image processing and image reconstruction.

9. Evaluation of image quality.

10. Statistical mthods in the evaluation of assessment of diagnostic images

(ROC curves).

11. Quality assurance and quality control of diagnostic equipment.

12. Radiometry and dosimetry in diagnostics procedures.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Recommended reading

Webb S.: The physics of medical imaging. Adam Hilger,

Bristol & Philadelphia 1988.

Chmielewski L., Piątkowski A., Jakubowski W., Walecki J.,

Ziemiański A.: Obrazowanie Medyczne. Akademicka

Oficyna Wydawnicza EXIT, Warszawa 2002

Pawlicki G., Pałko T., Golnik N., Gwiazdowska B.,

Królicki L.: Fizyka medyczna. Akademicka Oficyna

Wydawnicza Exit, Warszawa 2002.

69

Hryniewicz A.Z., Rokita E.: Fizyczne metody diagnostyki i

terapii. PWN, Warszawa 2000

Skrzypczak E., Szefliński Z.: Wstęp do fizyki jądra

atomowego i cząstek elementarnych. PWN, Warszawa

2002.

Ertel D.: Metody instrumentalne w biofizyce i naukach

biomedycznych. Politechnika Łódzka, Wydział Fizyki

Technicznej i Matematyki Stosowanej, Łódź 2000.

Medycyna Nuklearna – Zapewnienie i Kontrola Jakości

Aparatury i Radiofarmaceutyków. Problemy Medycyny

Nuklearnej, Warszawa 2002; 16 (Suplement).

Saha G. B.: Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear

Medicine. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin Heidelberg

2001

70


Course unit code, title Specialized course ─ the method of second quantization

Language English


of study/ semester

Lectures/30 hours/ I year/ 2 semester

Number of credits 3 points

Name of the lecturer Bogusław Broda


and learning outcomes Comprehension of the method of second quantization

Prerequisites Electrodynamics, quantum mechanics

Course

contents

The Klein-Gordon equation, Dirac equation, Lorentz transformations and

covariance of the Dirac equation, physical interpretation of the solutions to the

Dirac equation, symmetries and further properties of the Dirac equation,

quantization of relativistic fields, quantization of the Klein-Gordon field,

quantization of the Dirac field, the spin-statistics theorem, quantization of the

electromagnetic field, interacting fields.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Traditional lectures at the blackboard/oral exam

Recommended reading F. Schwabl, Advanced Quantum Mechanics.

J. Bjorken, S. Drell, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics.

Course unit code, title 1500-FZM8KT Quantum theory of solid state

Language polish, english


of study/ semester lecture/30h/II year/IV semester

Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Ilona Zasada



Knowledge about the quantum description of the solid state

properties

Prerequisites Quantum mechanics, Physics of solid state, Statistical physics

and thermodynamic

Course

contents

1. Some method of the band theory.

Secular equation, OPW method, k*p perturbation method.

2. Electron – phonon interaction. Polarons.

Displacement and deformation operators, interaction Hamiltonian, mean

number of coupled phonons.

3. Superconductivity - BCS theory.

Introduction of BCS Hamiltonian, instability of Fermi sea, ground state,

pseudo-spin method, phase transition temperature, isotope effect.

4. Basic theorem of the alloy theory.

Laue theorem, Friedel sum rule, rigid band model.

5. Mechanism and properties of RKKY interaction.

RKKY exchange integral, paramagnetic susceptibility.

71

6. Green functions in many-electron systems.

One-particle Green function in the interacting and non-interacting fermion

systems, spectral density and Lehmann representation, dispersion relation,

ground state energy.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Multimedia lecture/assessment – oral or written examine

Recommended reading

1. C. Kittel, Quantum Theory of Solids, J. Wiley, New

York (1987).

2. A. L. Fetter, J. D. Walecka, Kwantowa teoria układów

wielu cząstek, PWN, Warszawa (1988).

Course Code, Title, Type

of Course Specialist laboratory

Language Polish Type of course/# of


semester

Laboratory exercises, 90 hours, I year, 2 semester

Number of credits 8 Name of lecturer prof. Józef Andrzejewski, dr Andrzej Żak



Acquaintance of students with basis of carrying on physical

experiment related to detection of ionization radiation.

Prerequisites

Bases of physics of the nucleus and interaction of ionization

radiation with matter.

Course

contents

1. Service of multichannel analyzer SMAN and TUKAN type.

2. Study of energy resolution of scintillation and germanium detectors.

3. Spectrometric study of beta particles and conversion electrons with use of

silicon detectors.

4. Identification of gamma lines from unknown radiation sources with use

of nuclear data libraries.

5. Scaling of gamma radiation dosimeter.

6. Determination of bounding energy of deuteron with gamma spectroscopy

method.

7. Identification of samples with use of gamma spectroscopy activated by

neutrons.

8. Gamma-gamma and electron-gamma coincidence measurements.

9. Determination of transmission coefficient of electrons with use of

magnetic field for their transportation.

10. Determination of best applied voltage in PIN diode as alpha spectrometer.


Individual work with a student. Evaluation of each

exercise, final attestation.

72

Recommended reading

Textbooks in domain: nuclear physics and physics of

ionization radiation

Course unit code, title Physics of condensed matter



of study/ semester

Lectures/45, seminar exercises/45

2nd

level, 1st year, 2

nd semester

Number of credits E – 9

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Balcerzak

prof. dr hab. Anna Urbaniak-Kucharczyk



Acquaintance with various experimental and theoretical

techniques used for studies of condensed matter. Description of

properties and processes as well as understanding of physical

phenomena in condensed matter.

Prerequisites General physics, quantum mechanics, statistical physics

Course

contents

States of aggregation. Elements of crystallography. Symmetry. Thermal

properties of crystallographic lattice. Metals. Band structure. Semiconductors.

Dielectrics. Magnetism. Superconductivity. Superfluidity. Phase transitions.

Thin films, surface and interface physics. Experimental methods in physics of

condensed matter.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lectures/ oral exams

Seminar exercises/ credit

Recommended reading

C. Kittel “Introduction to solid state physics”

N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin ,“Solid State Physics”

H. Ibach, H. Lüth, “ Solid-state physics. An introduction to

Principles of Materials Science”

73

2nd

year, semester 3

Course Code, Title, Type

of Course Specialist laboratory

Language Polish

Type of course/# of


semester

Laboratory exercises, 90 hours, II year , 3 semester

Number of credits 8

Name of lecturer dr Andrzej Żak


and learning outcomes Acquaintance of students with basis of carrying on physical


Prerequisites

Bases of physics of the nucleus and interaction of ionization


Course

contents

1. Identification of unknown alpha isotopes on the basis

of alpha energetic spectrum.

2. Identification of isotopes 222Rn and 220Rn daughters contained in air

by the alpha spectroscopy.

3. Spectrometric study of radiation X.

4. Scaling of gamma radiation dosimeter.

5. Determination of the half-life of the radioactive isotopes method of

activation.

6. Measurement of activities of loose materials and liquid from applied

gamma-ray spectroscopy.

7. Identification of unknown isotopes beta-radioactive on the basis

of energetic beta spectrum.

8. Measurement of small activities of preparations the radioactive β.

9. Determination in the paraffin – block the change of thermal neutrons

flux in function of distance from source the Pu-Be.

10. The detection of slow neutrons from application the helium counter.

11. Measurement of the thermal neutron cross section for the 6Li(n,α)

reaction.

12. Determination of fission reaction 235U(n,f) for thermal neutrons.




Recommended reading


ionization radiation.

Course unit code,

title 1500-FMUZS3 Physical Foundation of Radiotherapy

Language Polish

Format/# of


Lectures 15

1st year (2


74

semester

Number of credits 1


Objective of the

course

Introduction from devices and basic technicians applied in

radiotherapy

Prerequisites Introduction of physics and nuclear physics

Course contents

1. Select the questions with bases' of phisics the atomic

radiation.

2. Brahytherapy.

3. Teleradiotherapy.

4. Unconventional methods of radiotherapy.

5. Special equipment applied in radiotherapy.

6. Contamination radiotherapeutic beams.

7. Photons beams in scattering environment.

8. Beams of electrons.

9. Measurement of dose of radiation on basis of efficiency of

therapeutic apparatus.

10. Planning the distribution of doses.

11. Dosimetry the external of radiation flux.

12. Computer system of planning of therapy.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture with assistance of projector (examination)

Recommended

reading

A. Hrynkiewicz: Fizyczne metody diagnostyki i terapii

G. Pawlicki: Fizyka medyczna (tom 9)

W. Scharf: Akceleratory biomedyczne

W. Łobodziec: Dozymetria promieniowania jonizującego

P. F. Kukołowicz: Charakterystyka wiązek terapeutycznych

fotonów i elektronów

75

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU3DP Specialized course - Detection of the

Radiation

Language Polish



Lecture 30

2nd

year (2nd

cycle), semester 3 (compulsory)

Number of credits 2


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

learning the basis of operation of the selected detectors

Prerequisites

Course contents

1. Historical outline

2. Phenomenon of interaction of ionization radiation with

matter

3. Basic feature of ionization radiation detectors

4. Gas detectors

a. ionization chamber

b. proportional counter, GEM

c. Geiger-Müller counter

d. multiwires detectors

e. hybrid detectors

5. Semiconductor detectors

a. silicon detectors

b. germanium detectors

6. Scintillator detectors

7. Trace detectors

8. Other detectors

9. Background sources and the ways of their reduction

10. Electronics in detection systems

11. Acquisition systems

12. State of art in gamma and X spectrometers- AGATA

project and Medipix

Teaching/Assessment

methods lecture – PowerPoint presentations/oral exam

Recommended reading

76

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU3PJ, Nuclear transformation and applications of

nuclear physics

Language Polish/English


of study/ semester

Lecture/ 30h / II year of the MSP/ 3 semester

Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Jarosław Perkowski



Aim of the lecture is show students main knowledge about

nuclear physics, in particular about nuclear transformations

(radioactive decays, mechanism of nuclear reactions, types of

nuclear reactions). Second part of the lecture will be devoted

applications of the nuclear physics in a medicine and an

energetic industry. The presentation of different kind of a

tomography techniques K, PET…) will be underlined.

Prerequisites

Course

contents

Main topics presented on the lecture:

I. Nuclear transformation

1. The exponential decay low,

2. Natural radioactive decays

3. Nuclear cross section, activation,

4. Kinematics of nuclear reactions,

5. The nuclear reactions proceed by nuclear compound mechanism,

6. Nuclear reactions: knock out and stripping

7. Thermonuclear and fission reactions,

8. Spallation and neutron induced reactions,

II. Applications of nuclear physics

1. Nuclear power plants and possibility exploit fusion reactions to

produced electricity,

2. X-ray and computed tomography,

3. The magnetic resonance and PET,

4. The hadrons tumour therapy.

Teaching/

Assessment

methods

Lecture/ written examination

Recommend

ed reading

1) Strzałkowki, „Wstęp do fizyki jądra atomowego”, Warszawa 1978

2) K.N. Muchin, „Doświadczalna fizyka jądrowa ,Warszawa 1978

3) Z. Wilhelmi „Fizyka reakcji jądrowych” Warszawa 1976

4) Z. Hrynkiewicz, E. Rokita, „Fizyczne metody badań w biologii,

medycynie i ochronie środowiska”, Warszawa 1999

5) Z. Hrynkiewicz, E. Rokita, „Fizyczne metody diagnostyki

medycznej i terapii”, Warszawa 2000

6) J. Al-Khalili, E. Roeckl, “The Euroschool Lectures on Physics with

Exotic Beams” , Heidelberg 2004

77

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU3AP Specialized course-Quality Control of

Ionizing Radiation Medical Equipment



of study/ semester

Laboratory 30

2nd

year (2nd


Number of credits 2



and learning outcomes To be familiar with dosimetric methods

Prerequisites

Course contents

1. Output measurements of 60

Co and 137

Cs sources

2. Measurements of gamma beam homogeneity

3. Measurements of HVL for gamma radiation

4. Calibration of VAJ 15A dosimeter with gamma sources

5. Calibration of DIADOS dosimeter with gamma sources

6. Calibration of scintillation counters and radon concentration

measurements

7. Calibration of track detectors in radon chamber

8. Measurement of activity of radon daughters

9. Study of equipment stability used for radon concentration

measurements

10. Calibration of RGR-13 radiometer

11. HVL measurements for X-ray beam

12. Output measurements of X-ray tube

13. Estimation of Pb equivalent of personal apron

14. Calibration of DIADOS for X- radiation

Teaching/Assessment

methods Practical measurements

Recommended reading

78

2nd

year, semester 4

Course unit code, title 1500-SZU3(4)SM Diploma Seminar



of study/ semester

Seminar 30+30

2nd

year (2nd

cycle), semester 3, 4 (compulsory)

Number of credits 5+5


Objective of the course Preparing diploma work

Prerequisites

Course contents

Subject:

1. Geiger-Mueller Counters, Scyntilation Detectors, Proportional

Detectors

2. Ionization Chambers

3. Shielding of photon sources

4. Gamma spectroscopy

5. Interaction of Photon Radiation with Matter

6. Presentation of diploma publications (Krajewska): Estimation of

absorbent dose by lens during dentist X-ray picture

7. Presentation of diploma publications (Poborczyk): Distribution of

surface dose with using of dosimetric films

Presentation of main aspects and first result diploma work by:

8. Filipczak Krzysztof 05.11; 03.12

9. Podsiadła Dominika 12.11; 10.12

10. Stępińska Anna 19.11; 17.12

11. Ziółkowski Maciej 26.11; 07.01

12. Ślipko Martyna 03.12; 14.01

13. Krajewska Ewelina 29.10; 21.01

14. Poborczyk Maciej 29.10; 28.01

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Recommended reading

79

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU4AK Specialized course - Astrophysics and

Cosmology



of study/ semester

Lectures 30

2nd

year (2nd


Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Bednarek

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Extension of knowledge on the high energy physics and

astrophysics of celestial bodies

Prerequisites General and specialized courses on I level

Course

contents

Radiation mechanisms in high energy cosmic sources (charged particles,

gamma-rays, neutrinos); observational capabilities of modern high energy

astrophysics; high energy processes in the Solar atmosphere; mechanisms

of energy generation in the Solar nucleus – the quest of Solar neutrinos;

physics of Galactic sources of gamma-rays and neutrinos: supernovae and

supernova remnants, pulsars (classical, milisecond, magnetars) and pulsar

wind nebulae; binary systems; open and globular clusters; extragalactic

high energy sources: starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) ,

physics of AGNs: accretion disks, relativistic jets, radio lobes; gamma-ray

bursts (observations and modelling); propagation of high energy gamma-

rays over cosmological distances

Teaching/Assessment

methods lecture, written and oral exam

Recommended reading

Particle astrophysics (D. Perkins), High energy

astrophysics (M. Longair), Black Holes, White Dwarfs and

Neutron Stars (S.L. Shapiro, S.A. Teukolsky), Extragalactic

astronomy and cosmology (P. Schneider)

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU4FE High Energy Physics

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture 30

2nd year (2nd cycle), semester 4 (compulsory)

Number of credits 4

Name of lecturer dr hab. Tadeusz Wibig

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

General knowledge on high energy particle interactions with

matter and methods of their detection.

Prerequisites Elementary course on electrodynamics and quantum physics

80

Course

contents

Electromagnetic interactions of photons and electrons, cascade theory, theory

of strong interactions and multiparticle production process.

Teaching/Assessment

methods written examination

Recommended reading

B. Rossi „High energy particles”,

http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/Science/Science-

en.html

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU4ZP Patient and staff exposure to ionising

radiation in medical application



of study/ semester

Lectures 30

2nd

year (2nd


Number of credits 2

Name of the lecturer dr Małgorzata Wrzesień



An introducing to the aspect patient and the staff exposure to

ionizing radiation in medical application

Prerequisites

Course

contents

1. Introduction

- basic of radiation protection;

- basic of staff protection;

- limitation of exposure in medicine.

2. The risk of X-ray diagnostics of Polish population over 10 years

- the frequency and the structure of X-ray diagnostics investigations in

Poland;

- the doses received by patients during X-ray diagnostic investigations;

- the collective effective doses as basis of estimation the risk of patients.

3. Nuclear medicine and the risk for staff and the patients

- radiation exposure of the families of outpatients treated with

radioiodine;

- hand exposure to ionising radiation of nuclear medicine workers;

- the radiological risk for the patients' in after-effect of radioisotopes

investigations;

- Outpatients treated by 131

I as source of radiation gamma for

surroundings;

4. Protection the child patient

- references dose in medicine;

- protection the staff and the parents;

- the basic of equipment and the installation of unit;

- the specific of radiological risk in the children's age;

- the decrease of X-ray risk in pediatric radiology.

5. Pregnancy and ionizing radiation

81

- protecting the pregnant or potentially pregnant patient;

- the legal protection aspects of pregnant women’ working in expose to

ionizing radiation.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture with assistance of computer and projector


Recommended reading

Człowiek: promieniowanie jonizujące - pod redakcją prof.

A. Hrynkiewicz

Promieniowanie jonizujące w środowisku człowieka - Piotr

Jaracz

Higiena Pracy - pod red. J. Indulski

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU4RT Radiotherapy

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture 15, laboratory 30

2nd

year (2nd


Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr Michał Biegała

Objective of the course To be familiar with radiotherapy methods

Prerequisites Basics of radiation physics

Course

contents

1. Radiation physics (photon, electron, proton)

2. Basic of teleradiotherapy physics.

3. Basic of brachyteraphy physics.

4. Constructions of linac and brachyteraphy equipment.

5. Techniques of teleradiotherapy treatments (static field,IMRT, conformal

radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy)

6. Techniques of brachyterapy treatments (LDR, MDR, HDR, PDR).

7. Treatments planning systems using in radiotherapy.

8. Quality control in radiotherapy (methods and equipments).

9. Practical calculations from radiotherapy.

10. Create of treatments planning.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Multimedia presentations and practical measurements.

82

Recommended reading

1 W. Łobodziec, Dozymetria promieniowania

jonizującego w radioterapii, Wydawnictwo

Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 1999.

2 P.F. Kukołowicz „Charakterystyka terapeutycznych

wiązek fotonów i elektronów”. Kielce, 2000.

3 A. Hrynkiewicz, E. Rokita "Fizyczne metody

diagnostyki medycznej i terapii" PWN, Warszawa

1999.

4 A. Gasińska "Biologiczne podstawy radioterapii"

Kraków 2001.

5 W. Sharff "Akceleratory biomedyczne" PWN,

Warszawa 1994.

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU4SM Statistics in medicine

Language Polish Format/# of hours/year of

study/ semester Lecture/15/year of study II/IV Exercise/15/ year of study II/IV

Number of credits 3 Name of the lecturer dr Małgorzata Wrzesień


and learning outcomes Aim of the lecture is show students basic statistical methods used in

medical research.

Prerequisites A knowledge of basic probability theory and mathematical statistics is

assumed.

Course

contents

1. Introduction. Basic notions and definitions;

2. Epidemiological investigations; 3. Statistical investigation - organization and the course; 4. Statistical population structure analysis; 5. Analysis of relationships between statistical features; 6. Sampling distribution;

7. Estimation; 8. Hypothesis testing;

Teaching/Assessment methods Lecture with assistance of computer and projector


Recommended reading

1. Epidemiologia z elementami biostatystyki, pod redakcją I. Manieckiej – Bryła, J. Martini – Fiwek; Uniwersytet

Medyczny 2005. 2. Repetytorium ze statystyki, M. Piłatowska; PWN 2007. 3. Wprowadzenie do statystyki dla przyrodników, A.

Łomnicki; PWN 2003. 4. Statystyka, M. Sobczyk; PWN 2008. 5. Statystyka praktyczna, W. Starzyńska; PWN 2007

83

Course unit code, title

1500-FMU4PE Specialized course - Electromagnetic Fields.

Measurements and Effects of Exposure on the Human

Body

Language Polish

Format/# of


semester

Lectures 30

2nd

year (2nd


Number of credits


Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Students should understand how to produce and control exposure

to electromagnetic fields up to 300 GHz

Prerequisites The basic principles of physics

Course

contents

Production and characteristic of electromagnetic fields. The sources of

exposure of EMF. Quality System of expose of EMF. Estimation

exposure of EMF at natural and occupation environments. The biological

and health effects of exposure of EMF.

Teaching/Assessment

methods Lecture. Multimedia presentations

Recommended reading

1. Halina Aniołczyk, Pola elektromagnetyczne. Źródła,

oddziaływanie, ochrona, IMP Łódź, 2000

2. Michał Zeńczak, Oddziaływanie pól

elektromagnetycznych na środowisko naturalne i

środowisko pracy, Politechnika szczecińska, 2000

3. Hubert Trzaska, Pomiary pól elektromagnetycznych w

polu bliskim, PWN, 1998

4. Henryk R. Korniewicz, Modelowanie

elektrodynamicznych procesów oddziaływania pól

elektromagnetycznych na organizm ludzki, Centralny

Instytut Ochrony Pracy 1996.

Course unit code, title 1500-FMU4MO Specialised course – modern methods of

medical imaging

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture 30

2nd

year (2nd


Number of credits 2


84

Objectives of the

course and learning

outcomes

Familiarisation of students with modern methods of medical

imaging (excluding ones discussed on other lectures) preceded

by introduction (basics of photometry, fundamental parameters

of the image, digital image processing)

Prerequisites Physical basics of medical imaging

Detection of the radiation

Course

contents

1. Introduction

- radiometric quantities: energetic and photometric; coefficients of light

reflection.

2. Fundamentals of image

- image as a result of transformation;

- some image parameters: geometric resolution, levels of the luminance,

contrast, noise, distorsions;

- spread functions; Modulation Transfer Function.

3. Elements of DICOM standard

- GSDF: Grayscale Standard Display Function;

- monitor calibration.

4. Digital image processing: point, geometric and context transformations.

5. Methods of digital radiography

- principles and properties of digital detectors;

- parameters: characteristic curve, MTF, DQE;

- image preprocessing;

- radiation doses in classical and digital radiography.

6. Classical X-ray tomography; pantomography.

7. Mathematical fundamentals of computed tomography: Radon transform,

sinogram; methods of image reconstruction.

8. X-ray computed tomography

- evolution and modern methods of computed tomography;

- integration of CT-scanner with other devices.

9. Visualisation of tomographic images: surface and volume rendering,

virtual endoscopy.

10. Applications for medical digital image processing (classes in

computer laboratory).

11. Thermography: physical fundamentals, equipment, technique of

examinations, diagnostic properties.

12. Microwave radiothermometry with visualisation of temperature

distribution: physical fundamentals and diagnostic properties.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

lecture with assistance of computer and projector

(additionally – laboratory classes)

/ oral or written evaluation test

85

Recommended reading

A.Z. Hrynkiewicz, E. Rokita (red.): Fizyczne metody

diagnostyki medycznej i terapii

B. Pruszyński (red.): Diagnostyka obrazowa. Podstawy


B. Pruszyński (red.): Radiologia. Diagnostyka obrazowa.

RTG, TK, USG, MR i radioizotopy

F. Jaroszyk (red.): Biofizyka. Podręcznik dla studentów

Biocybernetyka i inżynieria biomedyczna 2000

t. 8 (Obrazowanie biomedyczne), t. 9 (Fizyka medyczna)

Z. Bielecki, A. Rogalski: Detekcja sygnałów optycznych

M. Ostrowski (red.): Informacja obrazowa

Ch.D. Watkins i in.: Nowoczesne metody przetwarzania

obrazu

R. Tadeusiewicz, P. Korohoda: Komputerowa analiza

i przetwarzanie obrazów

W. Malina i in.: Podstawy cyfrowego przetwarzania obrazu

86

Syllabuses for the 5th

year of studies (unified MD studies)

5th

year, semester 9

Course unit code, title 1500-FZM9FI Philosophy

Language Polish


studies/ semester

Lecture 30+seminar 30

5th


Number of credits 3

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Marek Kozłowski


learning outcomes An Introduction to History of European Philosophy

Prerequisites

Course contents

Program:

1. Of Philosophy

2. Heraclitus – Parmenides

3. Atomism (Democritus – Epicurus)

4. Plato (Sophists – Socrates)

5. Aristotle

6. Christian Philosophy (St. Augustin – St. Thomas)

7. Philosophy of Renaissance

8. Birth of Modern Science (Copernicus – Galileo)

9. Descartes and Rationalism of XVII cent.

10. Locke – Berkeley – Hume

11. Philosophy of French Enlightenment

12. Kant

13. Hegel

14. Marx

15. Modernism – Positivism – Existentialism

Teaching/Assessment methods Lecture / exam

Recommended reading

W. Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii

F. Copleston, Historia filozofii (for ambitious or

advanced )

J. Legowicz, Historia filozofii starożytnej Grecji i

Rzymu

Z. Kuderowicz, Filozofia nowożytnej Europy

B. Suchodolski, Narodziny nowożytnej filozofii

człowieka

M. J. Siemek, W kręgu filozofów, p. 58 – 91.

Wybrane pozycje monograficznych opracowań z serii

„Myśli i Ludzie”

87

Course unit code, title 1500-FZM9ME Specialized course – Experimental Methods

of Modern Physics

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture 10

5th year, semester 9 (compulsory)

Number of credits 5




This lecture treats the experimental techniques and

instrumentation most often used in nuclear and particle physics

experiments as well as in various other experiments.

Prerequisites A knowledge of basic nuclear physics is assumed.

Course

contents

1. Detectors (gaseous, semiconductor, scintillation, drift chambers, …)

2. Electronics

3. Data acquisition systems

4. Energy spectrometry

5. Particle identification methods

6. Coincidence and angular correlation measurements

Teaching/Assessment

methods /oral examination

Recommended reading

J.B.England, „Metody doświadczalne fizyki jądrowej”,

PWN, Warszawa, 1980.

William R. Leo, „Techniques for Nuclear and Particle

Physics Experiments: A How-To Approach”, Springer-

Verlag, 1994.

Course unit code, title

1500-FZM9ME Specialized course – Experimental Methods

of Modern Physics

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture/10

5th

year, semester 9

Number of credits 5

Name of the lecturer dr hab. T. Wibig



General knowledge on the most important contemporary

satellite experiments in the field of astroparticle physics and

astrophysics/cosmology (e.g. WMAP, PAMELA, HST, EUSO,

88

GLAST, Planck, INTEGRAL etc.)

Prerequisites Particle interaction with matter and detection methods

Course contents

Introduction to satellite measurements Mutliwavelength observations.

Important technical details, particular results and theirs importance.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

written examination

Recommended reading http://www.nasa.gov/ http://www.esa.int/esaSC

http://www.camk.edu.pl/badania.mc

Course unit code, title 1500-FZM9ME Specialized course - Experimental Methods

of Modern Physics

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Lecture 10

5th

year, semester 9

Number of credits 5

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek



To introduce students to advanced issues of scanning tunneling

microscopy and spectroscopy (STM)

The learning outcome will be knowledge about operation and

analysis experimental results collected by scanning tunneling

microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS).

Prerequisites The basic knowledge related to physics, chemistry and biology

from the secondary school

Course

contents

Tunnelling effect and the principle of operation of STM – short repetition.

Phenomenological equation on tunnelling current in STM technique. The

Tersoff-Hamann interpretation of STM topographies. Interpretation of

graphite STM topography. The Chen’s interpretation of STM/STS results.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

The multimedia lectures/ presence on the lectures/exam

89

Recommended reading



lecturer






Springer Series in Surface Sciences

Course unit code, title 1500-FZT9TE Specialized course - Gauge Theories



of study/ semester

Lectures 30

5th year, semestr 9 (compulsory)

Number of credits 4

Name of the lecturer dr hab. Bogusław Broda


and learning outcomes gaining basic knowledge in the area of gauge fields

Prerequisites classical electrodynamics, quantum mechanics

Course

contents

The role of gauge fields in physics of particles and interactions, „derivation” of

gauge theory, abelian theories, global and local gauge transformations in

infinitesimal and finite form, covariant derivative, spontaneous breaking of

global and local gauge symmetry, quantization of the flux of magnetic

induction, canonical formalism, gauge theories as theories with constraints, Lie

groups, Yang-Mills fields, general relativity as an important example.

Teaching/Assessment

methods traditional lectures at the blackboard/oral exam

Recommended reading K. Huang, Quarks, leptons and Gauge Fields.

S. Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields, vol. 2.

Course unit code, title 1500-FZD9PS Specialist Laboratory (Cosmic Ray

Physics)

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Laboratory 90

5th


Number of credits 10




Introduction to some research methods applied in the physics of

cosmic rays. The preparation for planning experiments

independently, the executing the measurements and studying the

90

results.

Prerequisites The physics of high energies and the elementary particles.

Course

contents

Determination of the average lifetime of muons with the delayed

coincidence method.

2. Investigation of the composition and some proprieties of cosmic rays

on the level of the sea.

- determination of the intensity of muons in function of zenithal angle

- determination of the absorption curve of the cosmic rays in lead.

3. Registration of the extensive air showers of cosmic rays. Investigation

of the density of the spectrum exponent of the extensive air showers.

- with the method of change of the coincidence row

- with the method of change of the detector surface.

4. The investigation of the scintillator counter with different geometry.

- determination of the profiles of the characteristics of the

photomultipliers

- choosing the suitable optical fibre

- investigation of efficiency and the homogeneity of counter

- featuring the scintillator counter.

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Lecture on the introduction to technical details of

measuring sets. Self-study experiment.

To receive the credit for the course a student have to pass

an oral colloquium and get assessment independently and

manual abilities, and the assessment of a written report on

executed experiment.

Recommended reading

Perkins Donald H., Introduction to high energy physics,

Cambridge, 2000

England J.B., Metody doświadczalne fizyki jądrowej,

Warszawa, PWN, 1980.

Internal laboratory’s instructions.

Course unit code, title 1500-FZD9PS Specialist Laboratory (Solid State Physics)

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Laboratory 90

5th



Name of the lecturer dr Krzysztof Polański, dr hab. Witold Szmaja



practical skills carry out an experiment, knowledge

experimental methods and prepare of the reports

Prerequisites knowledge of physics on the 4

th of studies level in the area of

courseworks, finished of the Physics Laboratory III

Course

contents

Exercises:

No 7. Analog scanning electron microscope for surface solid state

morphology investigations.

No 8. X-ray microanalysis EDX type in the chemical composition

measurements of the solid state surface.

No 9. Digital scanning electron microscope for surface solid state

morphology investigations.

91

No 10. Solid state surface investigations by means of ellipsometry method

Teaching/Assessment

methods

practical laboratory work

oral examination and writing the report

Recommended reading

A.Oleś “Metody doświadczalne fizyki ciała stałego”

Wyd.N-T, W-wa, 1998.

L.Dobrzański,E.Hajduczek “Mikroskopia świetlna i

elektronowa”,Wyd.N-T,W-wa,1987.

R.Azzam,N.Bashara “Ellipsometry and polarized

light”Nord-Holland Phys.Pub.1987.

“Podstawy ilościowej mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej”, pod

red. A Szummera, Wyd. N-T, Warszawa, 1994.

„Mikroskopia elektronowa”, pod red. A.Barbackiego,

Wyd. Politechn. Poznańskiej, Poznań, 2005.

J.Sokołowski, B.Pluta, M.Nosiła „Elektronowy mikroskop

skaningowy”, Skrypt uczelniany Nr 834, Politechnika

Śląska, Gliwice 1979.

Course unit code, title 1500-FZD9SD Diploma Seminar (Master of Science)

Language English


of study/ semester

Seminar 30


Number of credits 5

Name of the lecturer

dr hab. Józef Andrzejewski, prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz

Bednarek, dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek, prof. dr hab. Jakub

Rembieliński



General knowledge on the topic of master of science project.

Report on the first results of the master of science project.

Prerequisites Monographic and specialized courses

Course

contents Determined individually according to the subject of master project

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Seminar, presentation by student of first parts of her/his

thesis

Recommended reading Determined individually, scientific articles and specialized

books

92

Course unit code, title 1500-FZD9PS Specialist Laboratory (Nuclear Physics)

Language Polish


of study/ semester

Laboratory 90

5th






Acquaintance of students with basis of carrying on physical


Prerequisites Bases of physics of the nucleus and interaction of ionization


Course

contents

I. Identification of unknown alpha isotopes on the basis

of alpha energetic spectrum.

II. Identification of isotopes 222Rn and 220Rn daughters contained in air

by the alpha spectroscopy.

III. Spectrometric study of radiation X.

IV. Scaling of gamma radiation dosimeter.

V. Determination of the half-life of the radioactive isotopes method of

activation.

VI. Measurement of activities of loose materials and liquid from applied

gamma-ray spectroscopy.

VII. Identification of unknown isotopes beta-radioactive on the basis

of energetic beta spectrum.

VIII. Measurement of small activities of preparations the radioactive β.

IX. Determination in the paraffin – block the change of thermal neutrons

flux in function of distance from source the Pu-Be.

X. The detection of slow neutrons from application the helium counter.

XI. Measurement of the thermal neutron cross section for the 6Li(n,α)

reaction.

XII. Determination of fission reaction 235U(n,f) for thermal neutrons.

Teaching/Assessment

methods



Recommended reading


ionization radiation.

93

5th

year, semester 10

Course unit code, title 1500-FL0HFZ History of Physics


Format/ # of hours/

year of studies /

semester

Lectures 30

5th


Number of Credits 1

Name of the lecturer dr Jerzy Kierul



Give some idea about historical development of physics and

its role for the Western civilization

Prerequisites none

Course

contents

Science and other kinds of intellectual activity. Early times of natural and

mathematical sciences. Ionic philosophers. Pitagoreans. Plato. Astronomy of

Eudoxus. Physics of Aristotle. Statics. Archimedes. Astronomy of Ptolemy.

Development of mechanics in Middle Ages. Copernicus and revival of

astronomy. Kepler's physics of heavens. Galileo: mechanics and controversy

of the Earth motion. Huygens' dynamics. Optics since antiquity to Descartes.

Isaac Newton: optic research, theory of gravity and mechanics - capstone of

scientific revolution of the XVIIth century. Theories of rainbow since

antiquity till XIX century. Thermal phenomena: from thermoscopes and

calorimeters to Sadi Carnot and principles of thermodynamics. Electricity

and magnetism: from facts' gleaning till mathematical theories of the first

half of a XIX century. Nature of light. Wave theory of Young and Fresnel.

Foucault and Fizeau experiments. Ether. Faraday experiments. James Clerk

Maxwell: second great synthesis in physics. End of XIX century: is physics

complete? Lorentz theory and the discovery of electron. Radiation. Planck

distribution and quantization. Albert Einstein: special theory of relativity,

photons, general theory of relativity, Bose-Einstein condensate. Structure of

atom. Hydrogen atom spectra and Bohr theory. The birth of Quantum

Mechanics. Paradox of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Further development of

quantum physics and theory of gravity in XX century. Expansion of the

universe. Cosmological theories. Big Bang.

Teaching/

assessment methods Test exam

Recommended reading

Kierul J., Izaak Newton. Bóg, światło i świat

Kierul J., Ład świata: Od kosmosu Arystotelesa do

Wszechświata Wielkiego Wybuchu

Wróblewski A. K., Historia fizyki

94

Course unit code, title 1500-FZD0SD Diploma Seminar (Master of Science)

Language English


of study/ semester

Seminar 60



Name of the lecturer

dr hab. Józef Andrzejewski, prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz

Bednarek, dr hab. Zbigniew Klusek, prof. dr hab. Julian

Ławrynowicz, prof. dr hab. Jakub Rembieliński



General knowledge on the topic of master of science project.

Report on the first results of the master of science project.

Prerequisites Monographic and specialized courses

Course

contents Determined individually according to the subject of master project

Teaching/Assessment

methods

Seminar, presentation by student of first parts of her/his

thesis

Recommended reading Determined individually, scientific articles and specialized

books

Documents

Syllabuses – Physicsiso.uni.lodz.pl/.../2011/02/WFIS_Syllabuses_English_Physics_2_1.pdf · 1 Syllabuses – Physics Physics - undergraduate studies