Sylvania Guide to Infrared Heating Brochure 1963

8/13/2019 Sylvania Guide to Infrared Heating Brochure 1963

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BAKiNG ENAMEL -- In 4 minutes dccorativeenamel is bakcd on these aluminum automotivegrills in a quartz infr:rrecl oven. '1'he glills reachbaking tempcrature in only 90 scconds.

PAINT DRYING ,\ftcr soraying, lift trucksand tractors arc thoroughly dried in only 10minutes in this infrared tunncl oven, cquippedwith G-30 lamps, and just 18'4" lonq. The dry-ing operation is aulornatically timed to thespraying job.

MISSILE TESTING High temperature heat-test facility at N{cDonncll ;\ircrait Corp. usesQuartz Infrared High Intensity Lamps fortesting the Mercury Spzrce Capsule to simulateentr,v and re-entry conclitions in space travel.

skr"e,mATNFRARED HEAT LAMPSSylvania Infrared Heat Lamps have provedto be the most effective and economical heatsource for a great variety of process heatingand comfort heating applications.Today in industry, radiant heat processingwith Sylr'ania Infrared Heat Lamps cuts pro-duction time from days and hours . . . la

minutes and seconds. And everywhere) economv-minded manufacturers are putting this speedto work- New uses for infrared are constantlyappearing wherever baking, drying or heat-ing is required. It has proved the fastest, mostefficient heating method in one Processingoperation after another.Sylvania Infrared Heat Lamps are alsofinding wide application in the fast-expandingfie1d of comfort heating - incioors and out'They now make it possible to heat areaswhere heating \\ras never before practicai.Development of the quartz-tubular in-irared lamps has added a whoie new impetusto process and comfort heating with infraredenergy. Their compact size, high heat andfast response - plus long life and ease ofcontrol - has introduced infrared heat intomany new fie1ds, including aerospace andphotocopy.Sylvania offers a full line of Infrared HeatLamps for evcry industrial-commercial andcomfort heating use. It includes Clear andReflector types . . . the new Sylvania QuartzInfrared High Intensity Tubr-rlar Lamps thatprovide exceptionally quick, high heat trans-fer, especially where lamp area is limited . ' .and the new Red Tubular High IntensityLamp, especially designed for applicationsrvhere the glare from a translucent or clearlamp might be undesirable.

DRYING COOKIES --- This infrarcd oven isonly 22t 1onts. r.rnoves r"rnaininc, muislur-frorn cookics after baking in convection oven. Itreplaced a 100r convcction oven that fornterlydid the same job.Sylvania acknowledges the c00perati0n of Fostoria Corporation f0rapplication photographs used in this booklet. Also of McDonnellAircralt Corp. i0r the ph0los 0n mrssile lesling.


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HEATING ALUMINUM MOLDS In this infrared oven operation.veyorized aluminum molds are heated in approximateiy a 6 minuteby T-3 quartz lamps.giERE ARE A FEWTYPSGAL APPUEAT'OfifS

ANMAMENT, ETC,Drying Loaded Ammunition Boxes.Baking Finishes on ShellsAATOMOfIVEDrying Auto Enamels. BakingAsphaltum on Radiator Cores'Preheating Pistons Prior to Fitting.AYIATIONDrying Dope on Airplane Wings.Baking Propellers.CEBAMICBaking Decorations on Chinaware.Drying Glazing Solution on Tile.ELECTRICAL IilDASfBfDrying of Motors and Armatures.Baking Varnish on Motor Wind-ings. Drying Paint and BakingEnamel.FOOD INDUSTBYBaking Soda Crackers. DehydratingFruits, Vegetables. Food Process-ing. Vending Machine IndustrY.Drying Adhesives in Packaging.FOUITDB'ESSkin Drying of Moulds and Cores.GtrssHeating Silver Nitrate for Mirrors.Preheating SafetY Glass to Re-claim.LEATIIERDrying Sprayed Shoe LeatherHides. Baking Finish on LeatherProducts.LII M BEB A IT D FI BBE BA ABDDrying Glue in Wood AssemblY.Dehydration of Piywood. BakingFiiler and Finish on Masonite.

PLASTICS INOASfBYPreheating Plastics Prior to Foing. Processing of PhonograRecords. Dehydrating PlaPowders.HABDWANE AND PLAMililCBaking synthetic Finishes on Cings. Drying Metal Buckets.MtsstLE fEsTIltl0High remperature testinq to sIate entry and re-entry conditin space travel.Pil IITI III E A N D E N GB AV I N GDrying Printing Ink. Settingon Electrotype Castings. Silk ScDrying and Curing.PALP AND PAPEB INDASTBYDrying Glue on Labels, Box TDehydrating Paper.BABBEN INDUSTNYHeating Rubber LaminatiDrying Paint on Hard RuParts. Curing Molded RubTEXT'LE INDASTNYDehydration in Sanforizing Pess. Drying Printed Clothterials.

TOBACCO INDASTNYDrying and Curing Tobacco.ing Larvae in Tobacco.IRAIISPOBT ATIOIIRefinishing Cars and TruThawing out Radiators, Puetc. Drying Wet Ignition SysThawing tank cars, ore cars,cars.

MISCELLAI EOASDrying Washed Metal Parts' Reclaiming Car-bon Paper. Melting Pitch Liner in Beer Vats.Preheating Metals Prior to Welding. DryingBlueprints, Photos, Films. Reconstituting food.

str Ftr##g.ss trtr#H#ffffi**,Ftrg#trWffitrFffiffigs #trs#Fffi#ffigffi &ffiffitr# ffigftrr' #g #F"udfftrs ffi # g6ssgffi,."tr#sygm,,,ffi#trg FR{PFrTABLYBaking, drying and heating are the three basic jobs of infrared.Baking is used primarily for curing paintsr enamels, varnishes and otherapplied finisl'res. Example: baking enamel on auto bodies. Drying isconcerned with the evaporation of water and other liquids from paper,cloth, leather, \.'ood) rubber, porcelain and other materials. Appli-cations of infrared drying inctude solvent removal and dehydrationoffruits and vegetables. Heating is used to bring about physical changesin materials. Example: preheating softens plastics prior to forming,expands machine parts prior to fitting.Infrared heat has a thousand-and-one widely diversified industrial

uses ranging from dehydrating gumdrops to baking the finish on gunbarrels . . . from toasting wheat germ to degreasing machine parts . . .from drying hides to preheating metals before welding. In fact, everyindustrial process requiring heat represents a possible application forinfrared lamps.FASTER HEAT - Infrared starts working immediateiy, at the flipof a switch. No warm-up period is needed as with other types of indus-trial heaters. Material is heated faster because radiant energy createsheat the instant it contacts the uork. Savings in processing time are oftenphenomenal.MORE EFFICIENT OPERATION - No energy is wasted heatingan intervening conductor or convector' With infrared heating, the ma-terial itself is heated directly.SPACE SAVING-Because radiant heating is so efficient, in-frared equipment requires less floor space than conventional convec-tion ovens. N{any times it is possible to suspend the equipment from theceiling, saving valuable floor space.FLEXIBILITY - Easy to move and adjust, infrared lamp assembliesmay be conveniently grouped for processing products of many differenttypes, sizes and shapes" The amount of heat can be regulated simply bychanging lamp sizes. Ideal for production line methods, infraredequipment can be used with all types of conveyors and other materials-handling equipment.NO STAND-BY LOSS -Because the infrared oven requires nopreheating, lamps may be turned on or off as needed - withoutwasting power.FEWER REJECTS - Infrared installations provide a uniform dis-tribution of heat. . . thus assuring a uniform product and greatlyreducing rejects.SAFETY AND COMFORT -- Because the infrared heat source iscompletely enclosed rvithin an envelope, processing dangers can beminimized. Infrared radiation provides more comfortable lvorkingconditions than other heating methods because it does not raise air tem-perature appreciably. And it makes for clean, soot-free surroundings'LOW COST - Simpie in construction, infrared equipment is muchlower in initial cost than other heat-processing equipment Mainte-nance cost is also low, for infrequent lamp replacemeni and occasionalcleaning are all that's necessary.MANPOWER SAVIt{GS - Infrared pr-ocessing adapts easily toautomatic controlr eliminates many handling operations and simplifiesproduction.ON-THE-JOB PROOF OF INFRARED ADVANTAGES-Because of its speed, efficiency, adaptabiiity and other advantages,infrared heat has become standard in many industries, for a widevariety of products. There 's a rapidly growing list of new applicationsof this versatiie heating method. Many users report remarkabie savingsin production time and costs.


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tr#tr s#ffitr#trtr Fdtr# Fg#ffi *,,sfff* wffiffi#ff#, ##ffitr#ffi trffi tr&g fftrffip9tr^6 rgtREsFtrS tr#trr& F*gHtrff gtr Ftr ffi ffi K fltrtr E#E&T#g E ffiInfrared heat lamps offer many benefits in com-heating - both in outdoor and indoor applica-They're compact) easy to maintain, lightweight,to install. And they can pro-

efficient heat at lower cost than conventionalsystems. What's more, they now make itto heat areas where heating was neverbefore.That's because these lamps - like the sun - heatperson or object directly - not the air around it.rays they emit pass through the air with no ap-ioss ofheat energy . . . do not transform intountil they reach the object at which they'reThis means there's no heat wasted on air.The heat these lamps generate is easily controlleddirected with simple reflectors, so it can be con-wherever it's needed for heating comfort.Electricity consumption is lower than you mightthe lamps heat by direct radiation . . .be switched off when not in use . . . switched onneeded. They supply heat instantly - with theof the switch.This ability of infrared heat to be directed to a per-on or object permits its use in indoor or outdoorareas where large air movement, lou' ambient airtemperatures, poor insulationr or installation andoperating costs make conventional heating methodsimpractical. In addition, infrared lamps provide theextra benefit ol light. ENTR,ANCE to the Hess Company department store in Allentorvn, Pa., is hcated rvith T-3quartz larnps, assurinq summer tcmperatufes even in zero rveather. fhey not only providea \{arm rvelcome to shoppers but melt snorv and keep thc pavcment dry. Eacir recessed fixturecontains tlvo T-3 quartz lamps. The systern provides over 200 s'atts of hcat pcr square foot.

rFSTRAREA E.&ffiPrrPg$ F{tRGgTW'F$RT E{EAT'T{GTwo basic lamp types popularly used for comfortheating are the Reflector Type R-40 and the T-3tubular quartz infrared high intensity lamps. TheR-40 is particularly well-suited for heating smallerareas. The T-3 - because of its high heat output forits size - is usually more efRcient and economical inlarger areas.Translucent infrared lamps are suitable for appli-cations where radiant heat with the added bonus of

visible light is required. In cases rvhere the glare ofthis translucent lamp is undesirable, Sylvania's spe-cial Infrared Red Tubular Lamp can be applied. Iteliminates most of the visible light while efficientlyradiating heat to the person or object to be heated.Dimensions, heat characteristics and other specifica-tions on these lamps are given on pages 6,7 and 8.For complete information and technical engineer-ing assistance on Sylvania Infrared Lamps for com-fort heating, consult the engineering service of yourlocal utility, a heating consultant engineer, or yournearest Sylvania District Sales Office. CHURCHES can be heated economically and efficiently $,ith infrarcd cncrgy. This churchSt. N4ark's Episcopal Churcir, I'lainfieid, Ind. - replaced a coal-iired furnace with in-frared and saved thcmselves over $800.00 the first year of opcration. Infrared is an idealheating system for buildings that are occupied only during certain hours of a day or lveek,because thesc lamps can be su'itched on when necded, providing heat instantly; switched offwhen not required.


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THE TA.$Y WAV TA,]EAT OUTB@ORSWTTTI THEFL'EK OF A SW'TCHUse infrared lamps to give a warm welcome to cus-tomers - at marquees or entrances to apartments,hotels, restaurants, stores, theatres, and other typesof buildings. Infrared melts the snow . . eliminatestracking in of snow or slush.

I Increases customer comfort - on exposed walk-ways, train, subway and bus station platforms - atshopping centers, sidewalk bank teller windows,amusement parks, racetracks, drive-in restaurants,parking lots, freight yards, piers.n Gives employees more comfortable working condi-tions at Ioading platforms, supermarket deliveryareas, gas stations. They work better.tr Often keeps outdoor theatres, swimming pools,sidewalk cafes, garden restaurants, patios - open ailwinter long.

KEEPS FAOIT *#ARI{, rtr RE$TAURANT,8, HO$.PETAE-S, ttdtrEe$

FOOD is kept piping hot with infrared heat ready for pick-up by waiters to serve customers,

sUflHY AL'TU'ATE$tNE t oRs rooI Heats assembly plants, warehouses, Iofts, barns,garages, dairy milking parlors, institutions, churches,gymnasiums, auditoriums, hospitals, ticket booths,swimming pools, bus and train stations, work andstorage areas of all kinds.n Counteracts drafts at exit openings or in longcorridors. Provides convenient auxiliary heat whereverdesired. WORK AREA at the Crown Bodyand Coach Corporation, I-os Angeles, Calif., is keptfortably warm with T-3 quartz lamps. The area is approximately 9600 sq. ft. and is heatinfrared energy averaging 8.5 u'atti per sq. ft. Locai power company ltgures average cg1.54 per houifor this initallation. This system provides not only heat but.light as we


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BfAfftfi'sERTZ SHFRARSSEHIG&T gHTEfris'TV LAffiP$RADIANT OUTPUTI LONG LIFE SylvaniaQ'artz Infrared Lampsversatile, highly controllable heat sources . . . offering a higher concentration of fast heat.are so s,iali they are ideal where space is limited. Full Leating output is attained in only 6/10second . . temperatures as high as 3000oF can be achieved. And highly accurate temperatureis possible.

Optical control of these infrared lamps - through use of externalunits - provides maximum heat utilization by maintainingand uniform heat distribution to the product.Compact Quartz Infrared Lamps offer valuable savings in plantspace and in initial installation and maintenance costs. Theyno large insuiated housing, no complex fuel-feeding and ductflue systems required for other types of heating systems. They pro-highest intensity infrared source with potentially availableapproximately 100-200 watts per inch of lighted lamp.give a much higher infrared output than conventional clearreflector type infrared lamps.

Quartz Lamps will not crack or break if water or other iiquids comein contact with them. They have tremendous resistance to high temper-ature and thermal shock. Automatic heat cut-off in emergencies pro-tects products from overheating - without the need of expensivecooling equipment. Cooling is extremely rapid since Quartz Lampslose 80/6 of their radiant energy two seconds after shutoff of power.Their clean, combustion-free operation makes these lamps desirablefor safety of operation.Dimensions and general operating characteristics are listed inTable I.

$ T& YA TT' A'S P I] O T A G O P YTABALAR LA1WPS-t35 OTZ /r/ etPhotocopies produced with the use of these special quartz infraredlamps in conjunction with thermally sensitive papers provide a fastdry system of reproduction.Precise optical control through special reflectors permits high den-sity heat concentrations and rapid process speeds. The clear infraredlamps with finite filament parameters are specially constructed for usein thermal process reproduction machines. Ceramic tubular baseconstruction offers electrical insulation and accurate focusing of thelamp in such a unit. Dimensions and operating characteristics on these1350T2 /2f CL lamps are given in Table IL

'TEW RED TUBULARLAffiP - I6OOTS/ RGLAREThis red-colored tubular lamp is the latest addition to S1'lvania'sInfrared Lamps. It's a high puritv Silica lamp '"vith a red filterpermanently impregnated into the glass envelope. This lamp isdesigned for use r.vhere the glare of a translucent or clear(or its effect of changing the lighting level during c-vclic operation)It eliminates most of the visible light rvhile eflicientlyheat. Dimension and operating characteristics on this1600T3/R lamp are given in Table I.


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Higk Temperatare and EnAermediale Temperature LampsFor $.peeiat APP[ieationsIn addition to the standard quartz infrared lamps, Sylvania alsomakes available High Temperature and Intermediate Temperaturetypes for special applications.

HIGH TEMPERATURE-These high temperature quartz clearfinish infrared lamps are designed for applications requiring extremelyhigh heat rates with precise control. They can be operated at over-*ittug. - higher than design voltage - in some cases up to 200/6.Speciai construction of these high temperature lamps permits higherambient temperatures at the Iamp ends and retards the oxidation andsubsequent failure of the lamp ends.It's a general practice to use these high temperature lamps to heat-test space missiles and components to simulate launch, re-entry andorbital conditions.

These High Temperature lamps are designated by HT in Tablethe "Ordering Abbreviation" column.INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE-These lamps withmented caps are for use in applications where the lamp end temature ranges from 650oF to 1000oF during intermjttent burWhere the lamp end temperature is above 1000oF and wherlamps are burned continuously or for long periods of time, the SylHigh Temperature lamps should be used.For normal applications where lamp end temperatures are650oF, standard lamps may be used independent of the burningFor additional detail and information on these lamps consultSylvania Field Representative or nearest Sylvania Sales Office.

STd"YAff,'A'si lE"EAtr Str$ REFE-E&TOSP iISFRARE{' LAnWP$g{8&89 flffiFR&REEA $WTPWTt &8es6 sERyteE I-IFESylvania Clear and Reflector Infrared Lamps are efficient tungsten filament sourcesof infrared radiant energy. They are engineered to operate at temperatures producinghighest infrared output consistent with long lamp 1ife. Sylvania Infrared Lamps arerated in excess of 50b0 hours average laboratory life except those designed for specialapplications. Sylvania G-30 Infrared Lamps are designed for use with auxiliary reflect-oir. R-40", however, are hermetically sealed and have built-in reflectors to direct andcontrol the radiant energy. Approximately 90/6 of the power input is emitted as near

infrared energy, which is applied directly to the material in process with minimum heatloss. The red bowl reflectoi lamp (250R40/10) is primarily for home use but is suitedfor industrial applications where reduced glare is desired'Dimensions and general operating characteristics are listed in Tabie III'

i;alii::i;ri,i4


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rAELE t ETAIIDABD lllail lllTEllElfY qaAnrz raBaLAR LAMPE375500 T:3r.3

T:3TA1"3',

'.'375TAii:.':'',i.:'r:' :r-:5ooT3 .r. ..:ri:i ..:, _5 OT3leL..- i.:r.,:.:. .625T,3.i:::.r..: :l;:,r_r :r-.i:.gO0Tg r.::::_i r.,: ::: r r.:i',.:'r1-0]ooi5, i::.,..':.,'r:i.rl:irlri,,:...1,Oeot3,::, i:,::...:, i

' r,:, 1 QgOTglCL.-::]:,,;,:.:r ,r ,.}tiOOTg il::i. :,i.r :r:,r,ji i,: :: 1.500T_3/CL::::,::.,.::i., r:l6o+T3/-,R,.::, i t.:i:.:.::,'.29.QQT3/,1C :::.:'.'25oelT3:: :.r,,'rr:,:rr.:,::.r..?5o0r3{1cl;1,i.,..:.:''3] 0OrT3ll.e L.r: :.:]::l:,,380$?3]ri.:' r.::.r:,:1.:?r:

':L:2.:.,: l',1 :,'..:.14''jlr:iI?.i.rl';.,1:7:;'.::i2'.'.:'':::iaz:;i::1e,.::,:,"12.::....:'1.2t::..'r,'r2:':.

6?s.80010001600 t6'9)2000?50032q03a00

.'1i:.,::,::1i2,r1 .,:,.:L?r''i''..::.:T2::.::..',r?j

**Quartz envelope on these lamps***High purity silica envelope

rABLE tt tilEfl IttTEttEtTy |aAnTz |IJBIJLAB LAMPT FoB SPECIAL APPLICATI0|IE(AVAILABLE ON SPECIAL REQUEST)r.r..5O0.':rr:i

..' '1350 , r'''13.5O":r,.',:i- l5OOrrii,::,,,,,:Jr600.i.,,.,

., ,,:2fi49.,:..'t:,:iiiz0oo,.::r','... 2500,::i:.:1'r:r'3200..:ii.::.i'320S ::..:

NoTE: S0me of the above lamps in both Tables I and I I are available on special request with the foll0w-ing types 0f bases: CC (Ceniented cap) TC (Tubular Ceramic) and SRC (Single Recessed Contact).

r, :1'15'125 .. LL5;L25:::..1:15.:125::,::1,15.,;L25':.:

..,:. 1:5:IZ5:.:.::::.xtE)Iz$.:

125G30125.R40250G30

:,,375R4011':.5OoQ3Gl'l*Bulb with special heat-resistant. moisture proof glassllndicates lamps are supplied with aluminum bases.

FOOTNOTES(i8) When operated for extended burning per-

iods, burn only in porcelain socket.(i9) lvlay not give satisfactory performance i{ anyaccessory lighting equipmeni touches theglass bulb.(26) Average laboratory life in excess of 5000hours.(35) Burn only in porcelain sockets.

(36) Designed for service other than illumination.(37) Generally used for industrial applications.(38) Designed volts 115.(44) Should be shieided against moisture fallingon bulb.(69) l\iletal Sleeve with approximately 6" flexible

leads. Leads not included in maximumoverall length.(71) For use where seal temperature does notexceed 650'F.(72) Designed volts 240.(74) Usually limited to intermittent burning.(76) For specially designed equipment andwhere cap temperature does not exceed350'F.(77) Ceramic Tubular Base with 3// flexible leadsand special lead connectors. Leads notincluded in maximum overall length.(78) Designed volts '480.

(82) Designed volts - 5/0.

TABLE III GLEAB AIID BEFLECTON LAMPS


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ALL ABT'UTINFRAREEB HEATMETHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER - Heat may be transmittedfrom its source to the object being heated in three \4/avs - by conduc-

transfer.Heat transfer by radiation is caused by heated bodies emitting Iradiant energy to their surroundings. Differing from visible light onlv Iin wave iengih, this heat radiation needs no solids, gases or liquids for I::J,TTTi::i",irilm:*: 3;il::::'*'itted lro*' trre sun to the IWHAT lS INFRARED RADIATION? Infrared i, u bur'd of Iinvisible radiant energ)r lying betu,een the red end of the visible Ispectrum and the o.,t.iirund of radio frequencies. This radiant "r.,.tgy Ihas been harnessed for industr,v in the incandcscent tungsten lilament Iof the infrared lamp. "Near" infrared - that portion of the infrared Iband closest to visibie light - is used for industrial hcating, because Iof its ability to pass through air to the material being heated with a Iminimum ol heat loss. IHOW INFRARED OPERATES Requiring neither u .o,'d,.,.- |tion medium nor a convection gas, infrared,"..t:;.i;O.rillTifl::::

Iatmosphere in electromagnetic waves at a speed,..orrd. High percentug.r"of near infrared pass right through .o--on Iyliil' j : #:, ll 1T j ; l;.'::;:'; Jff ";:':1i"*? i "'i?T,l j ",,' ?lj il j lformed into usable heat. This heat is then transfet'red through the I;ffiiLT;:l;il" wrrH TNFRARED LAMps o^ .,.- |tremely efficient source of heat energy for industrial use, Syltania IInfrared Lamps are speciall,v designeJ to ope rate at a lorver fiiament Itemperature than lamps used for illumination. As a result, th.y p.o- |duci more infrared heat and less light, and because of their .o-pu.- | rHrnual DEGREASING AND PAINT BAKING 'rhisatively lorv operating temperature, thev have an unusualll long life. I infrared combination oven (3 temperature rangc) is for thproor or the value oisyr,,u''iu rnrrared Lamp' i' r.,"a T" i;;;.,ft; I jj:,::'rumll Xr:i:Ltfili..:Ji:Tru|l:tl} i;i.:??*,I3rTuse in all branches of industry . . . for multiple baking, dlving, de- | tO, and is capable ofdegreasing 5000 pairs ofplales in 3 hourhydrating and prehearing opera[ions. I pairs ofplates throuslr plime coal l]nish in 6 hours.

F ce Rr E o N o F e * E e r R oAtr#7ffi^T fr Eff{ ". *(rllllt{ I I I I I }r., rhesreatpenetratinspoweroI I I I I I lqi i1':r'Tni#r#ru:itI I I I I l-,.,-^-,"$';] ,l ilil'i;;,:xJ;in"i"'x1""n/ I 1,,,,.*1..^-", I l,*r,n*,*lfl lra ) urrnrvrorrrl |.,"''..)Hl4000A, : 60004 70004. 200004.4


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HOW TO NETERM'T{E POWER REQUTRETITE}TTSFOR INFRAREI' T'RYTNG, BAKING ATIT' HEATTHEEvery Applieation is tlifferent

There are no hard-and-fast rules to govern the installation ofheat lamps, for every application is different. However, thegiven below will help you determine the approximate amountpower required for various infrared processes.Power requirements are theoretical - based on 100/6 heating- but all power supplied to the lamps is not absorbed by theas heat. Consequently, even though infrared heating is morethan most other heating methods, the lamp wattage requiredactuai practice will be somewhat greater than the theoreticalestimated below. The following equations are used to calculate

Theoretical power _ lbs. of material/hr X specific heat X temperature rise ("F)(in watts) -

lfrass HeatingTo estimate the theoretical lamp wattage necessary to heat a givenof a material to a certain temperature, within a chosenof time, use Equation 1 above.

Liqaid EvaporationTo estimate the theoretical lamp wattage necessary for liquidevaporation, three separate calculations are necessary. The totaltheoretical lamp wattage will be the sum of the following:

i ) Power needed to heat a given quantity of liquid to its boiling pointin a definite time interval, using Equation 1.2) Power needed to heat a given quantity of the liquid-carrying ma-terial to the same temperature, using Equation 1.3) Power needed to evaporate a given quantity of liquid in a giventime interval, using Equation 2.Paint Drying

Calculations for paint drying are difficult to make due to the manyvariables involved. Different types offinishes react differently to infra-red. Lacquers are cured mainly by evaporation and good uniformityand fairly low levels of infrared energy density are important to avoidbubbles and pinholes, while enamels dry by a polymerization processand can stand higher levels of energy. Varnishes harden mostly byoxidation.Colors also affect drying calculations since black absorbs all incidentenergy whereas white absorbs only approxirnately 50/6.The material beneath the surface is also important in the calculations.Metals will heat and bake from within to a much greater degree thanwooden surfaces. Uniformity of radiation is of greater importance withwoods than with metals, for due to the poor heat conduction of wood,a uniform baking surface is not provided for the under layer of paint.Optimum baking times and temperatures, for various finishes, canbe obtained from most paint manufacturers. In many cases, the bestapproach to the problem is along empirical lines - by determiningoptimum lamp spacings through small scale experiments.

AluminumAsbestosBrassB ro nzeCommon BrickCelluloseCement, PowderClay, DryCopperCottonGlasslronLeadLeath e rN ickelPaperPo rcela inRubberSilverSteelTinWaterWoodTinc

AVERAGESPECIFIC HEAT(Btu/LB.ft)o.27o.20o.o9o_o9o.22o.37o.20o.22o.o9o.31o.11-0.20o.l2o.03o.36o.1 1o.45o.26o.46o.06o.72o.061.00.0.400.o9

DENSITY(rBs./cu. FT.)

10615053055015026015013755530165480704545506015055.8065549045062.520-50440

HEAT OFVAPORIZATION(BTU/rB.)

AcetoneAlcohol Ethyl

M ethylBenzineCarbon DisulfideCa rbonTetrach lo rid eEthyl AcetateGlycerineTurpentineWater

135 | 49.4173 | 49.4176 I 56.1115 I 80.7t67 I 99.5t77 I 56.1

148 I 5 0.5

318 I 54.32r2 I 62.5

For ilIore lnformation . , ,assistance in applying Sylvania Infrared Lamps for processor comfort heating, phone the engineering service of your local

a manufacturer of infrared equipment, or your nearest SylvaniaSales Office.Equipment and Ovens are Available from Infrared Equipment. . . for use with Sylvania Infrared Quartz Lamps andReflector type Infrared Lamps.in 1,220.9/63 A DR Supereedes t-204

smr\EwERA| TETE7Hn|VE eEtECTBfutVrcS w

STREET . SALEM. MASSACHUSETTS

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Sylvania Guide to Infrared Heating Brochure 1963