Symbiotic Symbiotic RelationshipsRelationships

Symbiotic RelationshipsSymbiotic Relationships

symbiosissymbiosis - the relationship between two - the relationship between two different individual species that live together in different individual species that live together in a close relationship (living together)a close relationship (living together)

The word The word symbiosissymbiosis can be broken down into can be broken down into two parts to determine its meaningtwo parts to determine its meaning

symsym means means togethertogether biobio means means lifelife

Types of SymbiosisTypes of Symbiosis There are There are threethree

types of symbiotic types of symbiotic relationshipsrelationships Mutualism (+, +)Mutualism (+, +) Commensalism (+, 0)Commensalism (+, 0) Parasitism (+, -)Parasitism (+, -)

Each relationship Each relationship can be shown using can be shown using + , - , or 0+ , - , or 0

MutualismMutualism mutualismmutualism - a - a relationship where relationship where both organisms both organisms benefit benefit

A + / + relationshipA + / + relationship

Think of a normal Think of a normal friendship where friendship where both friends gain both friends gain something from the something from the friendshipfriendshipThe acacia galls are homes to stinging

ants and the ants defend acacia from other insects that would harm tree

leaves.

MutualismMutualismFlowers and their Pollinators Flowers and their Pollinators

(Example:  Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread (Example:  Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread

pollen.)pollen.)

MutualismMutualism

The moray eel gets a clean

mouth and the cleaner fish gets a meal.

MutualismMutualism Birds and mammals eat berries Birds and mammals eat berries

and fruits while the plant benefits and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds.by the dispersal of it seeds.

The oxbird gets rid of

the parasiteso

n the antelope and allows the oxbird to have a

meal.

MutualismMutualism

MutualismMutualism Cleaners eat insect pests from the Cleaners eat insect pests from the

skin of animals.skin of animals.

MutualismMutualism Algae and Fungi (Lichen) - Algae and Fungi (Lichen) -

Alga gets water and nutrients Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the from the fungus and the

fungus gets food from the fungus gets food from the algae.algae.

MutualismMutualism Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, Many herbivores such as cows, sheep,

deer, horses and rabbits depend on deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to bacteria that live in their stomachs to

break down the plant material.break down the plant material.

MutualismMutualism The corals get food and the The corals get food and the

algae are protected.algae are protected.

CommensalismCommensalism commensalismcommensalism – a – a

relationship where one relationship where one species benefits while the species benefits while the other species remains other species remains unaffectedunaffected

A + / 0 relationshipA + / 0 relationship

Think of a friendship Think of a friendship where one of the friends where one of the friends benefits while the other benefits while the other doesn’t changedoesn’t change

Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale

CommensalismCommensalismOne species uses a second One species uses a second

organism for housing such as small organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in mammals or birds that lives in

holes in trees or orchids which live holes in trees or orchids which live in trees.in trees.

Orchid in rainforest Venezuela

Cattle stir up insects

as they eat grass and theegrets hang

around and eat insects.

CommensalismCommensalism

CommensalismCommensalism

Clown fish get their

protection from the

sea anemone and the

anemone is unaffected.

CommensalismCommensalism

Shark eats and

the remora gets the scraps left by

the shark.

ParasitismParasitism parasitismparasitism – a relationship – a relationship

where one organism where one organism benefits (parasite) while the benefits (parasite) while the species it depends on (host) species it depends on (host) is harmedis harmed

hosthost – an organism on – an organism on which a parasite liveswhich a parasite lives

A + / - relationshipA + / - relationship

Think of a friendship where Think of a friendship where you might feel used by your you might feel used by your friendfriend

Parasitic isopod on fish

ParasitismParasitismTicks and fleas that live in a host Ticks and fleas that live in a host

animal's fur bite the animal and drink animal's fur bite the animal and drink

its blood are parasites.its blood are parasites.

ParasitismParasitismMistletoe

takes moisture and nutrients from

the plant while the

woody plant has to support itself and the

mistletoe.

ParasitismParasitismInsects such as mosquitoes Insects such as mosquitoes

feeding on a host are parasites.feeding on a host are parasites.

The tick eats the

blood of a human and the human receives

Lyme disease from the

tick.

ParasitismParasitism

ParasitismParasitismVines such as Kudzu growing on TreesVines such as Kudzu growing on Trees

ParasitismParasitismTomato Hornworm with Wasp EggsTomato Hornworm with Wasp Eggs

ParasitismParasitismThe

tapeworm attaches

itself to the intestines of a dog and

the tapeworm

takes nutrients from the

dog.

ParasitismParasitismTapeworm or Hookworms living in Tapeworm or Hookworms living in

Host's GutHost's Gut

Symbiosis – Brain Pop