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WASTE MANAGEMENT >90
"Working Towards a Cleaner Environment"
Waste Processing, Transportation, Storage and Disposal,Technical Programs and Public Education
Volume II
HLW & LLW Technology
Proceedings of the
Symposium on Waste Managementat Tucson, Arizona
February 25-March 1,1990
Sponsored byFuel Cycle and Waste Management
Division of
American Nuclear SocietyAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers
U.S. Department of Energyand
The University of Arizona
College of Engineering& Mines
Roy G. Post
Editor
Morton E. Wacks
Technical Program Chairman
Donna McComb
Paula Messer
Proceedings Coordinators
UB/TIB Hannover100 916 740
89
RN 6678(1990,2)
PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Morton E. Wacks. U of A (Chairman)HanyBabad.WHCAshok V. Bankley, VAPowerJohn Bartlctt
Gary Benda, Chem Nuclear
NedBibler.WSRCLeon E. Borduin, LANLStanleys, Bom, ANLSteve Brown, Dames & MooreJohn C. Bradburne, NUSRobert E. Browning. USNRCAusic Clement, TVARon Coley, RLD ConsultingPeter Colombo, BNLTom A. Cotton, JKAssoc.
Julie D'Ambrosia, NJOA. Scott Dam, Weston
Jas S. Devgun, ANL
Richard Doyle, ATI
JoyFiore,SAICJohn Gervcrs, LECMaurice Ginniff, UKNIREXWilliam T. Gregory III, ASMEEd. Helmlnski, Radioactive ExchangeThomas P. Hillmer.ANPPClyde Jupiter, Jupiter Corp.Myron KaczmarsW,WasteChemHiroshi Kuribayashi, JGCBob LaRiviere, SAIC
Sheila Little, Fluor Daniel
Lance Loucks, Duke PowerHomer Lowenberg, LowenbergAssoc.B.S. (Pete) Mays, CP&LJames McCray, U ofAEarl McDaniel, ORNLJack McElroy, PNL
C.S.Mogg,BNFLBala NafcTWECNeil Norman, Bechtel
Larry C. Oyen, Sargent &. LundyReiner Papp, KfKSJ.S. (Jack) Parry.NWTRBAlex Perge, Consultant
Glenn Pierce, S.M. Stollcr
Allison M. Piatt, PNL
Roy G. Post, U ofA
Lawrence Ramspott, LLNLJohn Randall, NYS EnergyAuth.Angle Register, U ofAVern Rogers, R&ALawrence Rutland, Burns & Roe
Tom Smith, EG&G-IDA. Lowell Snow, WestonVincent Stagliola, Boston Ed.
Thomas Stevens, B&WJames Strahl, WestonJohn Stucker, Carter-Goblc
Ganesan Subbaraman, RI
Ed. C.Tamuzzer, Yankee AtomicJames E. Testa, USERachel Trefry, UofADale Uhl, Wastren, Inc.
UndaUlland, Bechtel
Regan Voit, LN TechnologyRayWalton, ANL, USDOEMary G. White, Consultant
Robert Williams, EPRIDonald Wood, WHCH. Richaid Yoshimura, SNL
Dave Zigelman, WEC
TABLEOF CONTENTS
VOLUME II
POSTER-LLW-I, WASTE FORM, TRANSPORTATION CONTAINERS AND SITES-
/. G.McCray, UofAZ, Co-Chair
Mobile Concrete Solidification Systems for Power Reactor Waste 3
E. Tchemitcheff
Shielded Railway Transporter System Equipment Design and Operational Features 11
R. P. Biitts
Developing an ANSI Standard for Semitrailers Used to Transport Radioactive Materials 19
P. Gregory
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Involved in Transportation Events 23
C. E. CashweU
Transcom's Next Move: Improvements to DOE's Transportation Satellite Tracking System 29
L. H. Harmon
An Overview of the ORNL Waste Handling & Packaging Plant 35
D. W. Turner
Automation Through the PIP Concurrence System Improves Information Sharing Among DOE Managers ....43
R. M. Imholz
Leach Studies of Chelating Agents and Influence on Radionuclide Leaching from Simulated LLW/ILW
Cement Waste Forms 49
P. Vejmelka
Leaching Ratio from Pellet Package 57
KYui
Effects of Varying Recharge on Radionuclide Flux Rates to the Water Table at a Low-Level Solid
Waste Burial Site 63
R. Khaleel
Heat Removal Options and Temperature Predictions for a Vault of Grouted Waste 69
B.A. Crea
Groundwater Monitoring at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant 75
R. Kehrman
iii
Readiness Review for Site Characterization: A Systems Approach 85
P. L. Bisese
Facilities for Processing, Packaging and Storage of Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste at the Winfrith
Technology Center 91
A. L Lloyd
Results of Field Testing ofWaste Forms Using Lysimeters 99
/. W. McConnell
BLT:A Source Term Computer Code for Low-Level Waste Shallow Land Burial Ill
C. J. Suen
The Migration of Cesium-137 Through Cement Formulations Applicable to Radioactive Waste Management . ..125
At. J. Rudin
Low-Level Waste Shallow Land Burial Source Term Container Breach and Waste Form LeachingModel Development 131
T. M. Sullivan
Retrieval of Nuclear Waste From a Land Based Deep Repository 139
At. G. Myall
Demonstration of Chemical Treatment Process Development Designed to Generate a Below RegulatoryConcern (BRC) Waste From Radiological and Mixed Wastes 153
D. H. Brady
Development of an Integrated Assay Facility 159
T. V. Molesworth
COMPACT DECISIONS, LICENSING AND REGULATION OF NEW RADIOACTIVE
AND MIXED WASTE DISPOSALFACILITIES--^ Helminsld, RE; E. Jennrich, R&A,Co-Chairs
Below Regulatory Concern Standards: The Limits ofState and Local Authority 167
D. J. Silverman
Radioactive Waste for New Disposal Facilities. 173
R. D. Baird
Advanced Disposal Technologies for New Low-Level Waste Disposal Compact Sites 179
jR. T.Anderson
License Application Approach for the California LLRW Disposal Facility 187
R, K. Gaynor
iv
California's Review ofUS Ecology's Low-Level Radioactive Waste License Application 193
D. J. Womeldorf
LLRW Disposal: Economies of Scale and Half-Life Segregation 197
C. W. Billiard
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Licensing and Regulations in Pennsylvania 203
W. P. Dornsife
Performance Assessment of the Potential Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site in Texas 209
R. J. Charbeneau
LLWCHAJRACTERIZATIONANDCLASSIFICATION--iI. C. Tarnuzzer, Yankee Atomic;L. Loucks, Duke Power, Co-Chairs
Advanced LLW Classification System 221
T.Yagi
Classification of Contaminated and Neutron-Activated Concretes from Nuclear Facilities Prior to
Their Decontamination or Decommissioning ,229
At. J. Angus
Nuclear Waste Drum Assayer 235
R. L. Brodzinski
Development of Non-Destructive Actinide Assay Methods for Radioactive Waste 239
B. H. Armitage
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Research Program Plan 247
/. Lambert
TMI-2 Waste Management Experience 255
C. P. Deltete
Identification and Characterization of Department of Energy Special-Case Radioactive Waste 261
R. E. Williams
The Effect of Count Time on Reliably Detectable Activity (RDA) When Assessing Contamination Monitor
Performance 267
N. L. Hassig
v
POSTER-LLW-II, WASTE ANALYSIS, PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION-
R. D. Wojtasek, WHC;J. S. Devgun,ANL, Co-Chairs
Spent Resin Sample Device-The "Rain Gauge" 277
S. B. Presgrove
Degradation of Resins in Epicor-II Prefilters from Three Mile Island .283
/. W. McConnell
Full-Scale Performance of New Organic Resin Ratios and Inorganic Materials for Processing Low
Level Liquids at Diablo Canyon Power Plant 295
K. L. James
Advanced Cement-Solidification Process for Spent Ion-Exchange Resins 299
K. Sauda
Liquid Radwaste Process Optimization at Catawba Nuclear Station 305
B. E. Cauthen
Dewatering of Sludge by Enhanced Electro-Osmosis 313
7. Shoji
Radioactive Liquid Waste Volume Reduction System .317
R. Williams
Waste Dewatering Process Improvements at Brunswick Steam Electric Plant 323
L. Sellers
Rapid Analysis of Non-Gamme Radionuclides Using the "Anabet" System 327
D. Bradbury
ObservedTRU Data From Nuclear Utility Waste Streams .331
R.A. Wessman
Global Positioning Site Environment Evaluator 339
S. LeJJler
Transport Systems for Conditioned Radioactive Waste in Belgium 347
L. Baekelandt
The Influence of Waste Treatment, Conditioning and Packaging on Design for Disposal 353
R P. S. Tufton
Processing of LLW Arising from Dismantling Activities in a Reprocessing Facility 359
L. G. Geens
vi
Formation of Hydrogen and Radioactive Gases in Waste Packages with Cemented Intermediate
Level Waste 363
KKroth
On Site Storage of Low Level Radioactive Waste at Vermont Yankee 369
At. R. Fuller
Processing of Sump Sludges at the Commonwealth Edison Byron Nuclear Generating Station 377
D. Herrmann
Volume Reduction of Filter Media at Susquehanna Steam and Electric Station, .
,385
G. F. Boris
Low-Level Liquid Waste Decontamination by Ion Exchange 389
D. O. Campbell
Phase Characterization of Cementitious Components of a Waste Repository and the Potentia of
Individual Phases for Sorption of Radioisotopes 399
S.Aggarwal
Q'A Very Low Level Quantitative and Qualitative Waste Assay and Release Certification System .407
F. L. Bronson
Solid Low Level Radioactive Waste Management Within British Nuclear Fuels pic ,413
L. F. Johnson
Short-Term and Long-Term Strategies for NPP Krsko Radwaste Management 419
K Fink
Valuation of Cloths for Decontamination by Wiping 423
W. N. Rankin
LLW PROCESSING, PACKAGING AND MEETING CERTIFICATION STANDARDS-
R. Doyle, ATI; M. Van Dale, Yankee Atomic, Co-Chairs
Treatment of Low-Activity-Level Process Wastewaters by Continuous Countercurrent Ion Exchange 429
R. Hall
Treatment and Disposal of Steam Generator and Heat Exchanger Chemical Cleaning Wastes 437
D. W. Evans
The Application ofPolyelectrolytes to Improve Liquid Radwaste Treatment System Radionuclide
Removal Efficiency 447
W.AHomyk
Waste Management Evaluation for PWR Full System Decontamination 457
A. Valvasori
vii
Pilot-Plant Evaluation of the Mobile Wet Oxidation Process 463
5. At. Finger
Uncemented Supercompacted Ash-The Preferential Final Waste Form for Low Level Radioactive Waste 469
S. Halaszovich
Qualifying Concrete for a Low-Level Waste Repository 473
K. E. Philipose
EXPERIENCE IN REMEDIALACTION TECHNIQUES AT CONTAMINATED SITES--
/. S. Devgun,ANL;J. W. Wagoner, II, USDOE, Co-Chairs
Performance of a Radioactive Waste Internment Site 483
D. E. Bernhardt
Demonstration Experience with an Abrasive Blasting Technique for Decontaminating Concrete Pads 489
/. S. Devgun
Environmental Protection Considerations During Decommissioning 497
A. E. Sheil
UMTRA GJVP Commingled Waste Project Investigation: A Case History 503
R. D. Sanders
Characterization and Remediation ofPast-Practice Waste Units at the Hanford Site an
Engineering Perspective 509
JR. A. Carlson
POSTER-HLWTECHNOLOGY--C. DeFigh-Price, WHO, T. Woods, WHC, Co-Chairs
Design of Fixed-Bed Ion Exchange Columns for Wastewater Treatment 517
S. At. Robinson
Cementation-A Solution for Final Disposal? 527
B. L. Ganser
Conceptual Designs for the Conditioning and Packaging of Exchangeable Non-Fuel Core Components for
Final Disposal in Switzerland 535
M. N. loli
Management of Fuel Waste from Fuel Testing Programs and Postirradiation Examination in Sweden 541
A. Holmer
viii
Methodology for the Cost Evaluation of Radioactive Waste Management Routes 549
S. Kowa
Cosine Components in Water Levels at Yucca Mountain 557
/. Rice
Organic Colloid Transport of Radionuclides at Gorleben, West Germany 565
/. P. L. Dearlove
A Review ofSome Geocolloid Transport Studies in the Farfield Relevant to Radioactive Waste Disposal 571
G. Longworth
Control of Water Infiltration into Near Surface LLW Disposal Units-Progress Report on Field
Experiments at a Humid Region Site, Beltsville, Maryland 577
E. O'Donnell
Cooperative LLNL/HAZWRAP Project to Demonstrate Field-Based Measurement ofRetardation
Factors: Part 1. Distribution of Perchloroethylene Around and Within Permeable Zones in Saturated
Alluvial Deposits 587
D.W.Rice, Jr.
Erosion Corrosion ofTanks During Solid Waste Retrieval 597
M. R. Elmore
Performance of Bentonite/Crushed Tuff Seals for Nuclear Waste Repositories 605
S. Ouyang
Environmental Monitoring of Actinide Concentration in Water 613
R. Gold
Intermediate Results from the Laboratory Scale Modeling of the Finnish Reactor Waste Disposal Systems . . ..621
At. Olin
Cost Estimation of the Decommissioning of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Plants: Application to Reprocessing Plants . . ..629
A. Barbe
High-Impact Concrete for FiUmU.S. Department of Transportation Type Shipping Containers 635
W. O. Greenhalgh
Initial Results of Tuff Borehole Sealing Experiments 643
/. Phillip
Analyses of High Level Radioactive Glasses and Sludges at the Savannah River Site 651
C. J. Coleman
BNFLWet Spent Fuel Handling Experience 659
D. R. Coulthart
ix
SPENT FUELSYSTEM MANAGEMENT INCLUDING DISPOSAL--^. R. Nair, WEC,
Co-Chair
Integrated Spent Fuel Storage and Transportation System Using Nuhoms 665
R. Lehnert
A Cold Demonstration of Fuel Consolidation Part II-The Integrated Test 675
/. E. Atatheson
The AVR High-Temperature Reactor-Operating Experience, Storage and Final Disposal of
Spent Fuel Elements 681
jR. Theenhaus
Results of the System Analysis Dual-Purpose Repository 685
R. Papp
Transportation and Storage Optimization of Spent Nuclear Fuel in the United Stataes 693
S. Gupta
STATUS OF THETECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN--
C. Gertz, Yucca Mountain Project; S. J. S. Parry, NWTRB, Co-Chair
Performance-Assessment Support for the Design of the Yucca Mountain Exploratory-Shaft Facility 701
F. W. Bingham
Seismotechtonic Investigations for Yucca Mountain High-Level Waste Repository: Rationale
for Defining Scope 705
D. C. Gupta
Approach to Developing a Ground-Motion Design Basis for a Facilities Important to Safety at
Yucca Mountain 711
/. L. King
Yucca Mountain Project Prototype Testing 717
W. T. Hughes
Selection of Geohydrologic Boundaries for Groundwater Flow Models, Yucca Mountain, Nevada 725
/. S. Downey
x
TREATMENT AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY OF HLW--D. Nichols, WSRC;
C. Sombret, CEA, Co-Chairs
Technical and Project Highlights of the Defense Waste Processing Facility 737
E. C. Dillman
Testing a New Cesium-Specific Ion Exchange Resin for Decontamination of Alkaline High-Activity
Waste (U) 747
/. P. Bibler
Double-Shell Tank Waste Pretreatment 753
R. At. Orme
Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant Process Description, Process Advancements, and Hanford Site Interfaces. . .759
K. R. Shah
Monitored Retrievable Storage at Sellafield 765
G. K Wilson
Advanced Joule-Heated Nuclear Waste Glass Melters 771
W. Tobie
TRU PROCESSING, DISPOSALAND REGULATORY ISSUES--*. /. Roberts, WHO,
T. H. Smith, EG&G-ID, Co-Chairs
TRU Waste Certification and Trupact-II Payload Verification 781
E. K. Hunter
Aspiration Requirements for the Transportation ofRetrievably Stored Waste in the Trupact-II Package 787
S. Djordjevic
A System to Control Contamination During Retrieval of Buried TRU Waste 791
G. G. Loomis
Plutonium Inventory Measurements During Decommissioning Operations 797
S. Buck
Active Neutron Interrogation Devices for Gamma Irradiating Solid Alpha Wastes 807
/. Romeyer Dherbey
Treatment of Solid Waste Highly Contaminated by Alpha Emitters: Recent Developments of Leaching
Process with Continuous Electrolyte Regeneration 815
C. Madic
xi
HLW NUCLEAR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, PACKAGE DESIGN ANDPERFORMANCE--//. Bibler,WSRC; W. Lutze, HI, Co-Chairs
A Proposed ASTM Standard Practice for the Prediction of Long-Term Behavior ofWaste PackageMaterials in a Geologic Repository 829
/. L. Pegg
The Structural Integrity of High Level Waste Containers for Deep Disposal 839
T.J.Keer
Performance of Borosilicate Glass, Synroc and Spent Fuel as Nuclear Waste Forms 847W. Lutze
Design & Construction Innovations of the Defense Waste Processing Facility 853
/. At. McKibben
Release of Powdered Material from Waste Packages 861
H. P. Berg
WASTE CONTAINMENT IN THE WIPP REPOSITORY-!?. R. Anderson, SNL; R. H. Neill, EEG, Co-Chairs
Construction of a Cylindrical Brine Test Room Using a Tunnel Boring Machine 869
V. F. Likar
Coupled Fluid-Flow Modeling of Brines Flowing Through Deforming Salt Around the Excavations for theWaste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), in the Permian Salado Formation 873
Af. Wallace
Geochemistry of Salado Formation Brines Recovered from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Repository . .881
R. Abitz
Studies of Radionuclide Sorption by Clays in the Culebra Dolomite at the WIPP Site, Southeastern
New Mexico .893
At. D. Siegel
HYDROGEOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS OF RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL--/?. Simpson,UofAZ; T. J. Nicholson, USNRC
Blending Mining, and Nuclear Industries at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant 903
/. R. Walls
Disposal of Radioactive Waste into Clay Layers the Most Natural Option 907
L. H. Baetsle
xii
Simulation of Gas Flow Beneath Yucca Mountain, Nevada, with a Model Based on the Freshwater Head 915
S. Amter
Fractured Apache Leap Tuff: Interstitial, Hydraulic, Pneumatic, and Thermal Properties 927
7. C. Rasmussen
Long-Term Climatic Stability and the Integrity of a South African Nuclear Waste Site 939
S. J. Posnik
Evaporites and Waste Disposal-Criteria for Long-Term Safety 949
B. Knipping
AUTHORINDEX 957
ATTENDEELIST 961
xiii