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Group Assignment
English 2
“Synonym and Antonym”
Lecturer:
Lukman Hakim, MS
Created by:
Dwi Nurhartinah Pratiwi 111408400000 Astrid Nadya Rizqita 11140840000028 Rani 11140840000026
Economics and Development Studies Faculty of Economics and Business
Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University
2014
Foreword
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim
Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh.
Alhamdulillah. Praise to Allah, the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth.
A big thank you goes out to our lecturer, Mr. Lukman Hakim who has given us this task to complete, thus giving us the sense of sheer motivation and the strive to improve in English and increase in knowledge.
We fully acknowledge and understand that perfection lies in Allah SWT alone and that this paper is not without mistakes, therefore we are open to suggestions that would help us become better university students in the future.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh.
Jakarta, 06 March 2015
Group Number Twelve
Introduction
Background of the Analysis
As the first-spoken language in the world, English undoubtedly has become a very crucial tool for us to be able to communicate with practically anyone all over the globe. Being able to master it has become a very central priority for those who are not native speakers of the language. It certainly is not easy as turning the palm of the hand but is still possible if one has the strong willpower to overcome obstacles that may come in the way.
One of the most important aspects of any language is vocabulary. Indeed, although one mastered the basics of English grammar, it is still not enough. Sentences consist of words, and in order to construct sentences, one ought to know which words to use in order to put the message across.
In this occasion, our group would be presenting the definition of the synonym and antonym, its examples, and exercises.
Purpose
Understanding the same and similar meaning
Understanding the opposite meaning
Question for quizzes and exercises
DISCUSSIONSYNONYM
Definition of synonym:A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the language, as happy, joyful, elated. A dictionary of synonyms and antonyms (or opposites), such as Thesaurus.com, is called a thesaurus.1
Word origin: Greek, syn = same, onyma = a name
Synonym is a key to better writing, as it shows to readers that the writer knows a lot of vocabularies as such that the text written by the writer does not appear to become bland. Another reason to use synonyms is the fact that a passage may appear to be ineffective in conveying a message to the readers.
Synonyms can be nouns, adverbs, adjectives, verbs or prepositions, as long the words have the same part of speech.
Short list of synonyms in English, listed by the part of speech
Nouns
Belly / stomach Children / kids Disaster / catastrophe Earth / soil Father / dad Happiness / joy Instinct / intuition Mother / mom Present / gift Sunrise / dawn
Verbs
Answer / reply Beat / defeat Behave / act Begin / start Close / shut Leave / exit
1 Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.
Provide / supply Select / choose Shout / yell Speak / talk
Adjectives
Big / large Complete / total Correct / right Crazy / mad Foolish / silly Happy / glad Hard / difficult Ill / sick Last / final Near / close Sad / unhappy Stable / steady
Adverbs
Abroad / overseas Almost / nearly Badly / poorly Fast / quickly Intentionally / on purpose Out / outside Rarely / seldom Sometimes / occasionally Surely / for sure Very / highly / extremely
Prepositions
Above / over About / regarding / concerning Against / versus Below / beneath / under By / via Despite / in spite of In / into Off / away Until / till With / including
Conjunctions
And / plus Because / since
But / yet If / provided Once / as soon as
Interjections
Hello / hi Gee / gosh Goodness / goodness me / my goodness No / nope Oh Lord / good Lord Thanks / thank you Whoopee / yahoo / hooray Yes / yeah
Synonyms are not necessarily the same!
They can be very similar, but they do not necessarily mean the same.2
Here is a common example.
The following words are all synonyms. Their general meaning is "pleasant to look at."
There are however important nuances.
Look at the illustrations, read the definitions and see for yourself.
Pretty, beautiful, handsome... What's the difference?
Pretty Beautiful Handsome
Pretty = delicate and pleasant to
Beautiful = pleasant to look at.
Handsome = (of a man)
2 "Synonyms and Antonyms Explained." Synonyms and Antonyms Explained. Really Learn English!, n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2015. <http://www.really-learn-english.com/synonyms-and-antonyms.html>.
look at. pleasant to look at.
Lovely Ravishing Good-looking
Lovely = (of someone that makes
you have a strong feeling for them)
graceful and very pleasant to look at.
Ravishing = very beautiful.
Good-looking =physically pleasant to
look at.
Cute Adorable Gorgeous
Cute = (of someone young or
something small)charming and pleasant to
look at.
Adorable = very pleasant to look at and very easy to love.
Gorgeous = impressive and
extremely pleasant to look at.
Here is another example:
"To ask" means to say or write what you wish to happen.
"To request" means to say or write what you wish to happen, but it has a formal use.
In other words, you would use "ask" and "request" in different situations and contexts.
So it's not enough just to study a word's meaning and synonyms. You should also be aware of the subtle difference, nuances, and usage issues of each individual word.
Additional example:
One of the meanings of "hurt" is to "to be painful."
For example, "My back hurts."
One synonym of "hurt" is "ache."
"To ache" means "to be painful, in a dull way." A dull pain means that it is not very strong, but it is continuous.
For example, "i've been standing for so long that now my feet ache."
"hurt" and "ache" are synonyms. Their meanings are indeed very similar, but not identical.
Synonym Questions3
1. RemoteA. AutomaticB. DistantC. SavageD. Mean
2. DetestA. ArgueB. HateC. DiscoverD. Reveal
3. GraciousA. PrettyB. CleverC. PleasantD. Present
4. PredictA. ForetellB. DecideC. PreventD. Discover
5. KinA. ExultB. Twist
3 501 Synonym & Antonym Questions
C. FriendD. Relative
6. PensiveA. OppressedB. CagedC. ThoughtfulD. Happy
7. BanishA. ExileB. HateC. FadeD. Clean
8. FraudA. MalcontentB. ArgumentC. ImposterD. Clown
9. SaccharineA. LeaveB. SweetC. AridD. Quit
10. DragA. SleepyB. CrushC. ProudD. Pull
11. JovialA. IncredulousB. MerryC. RevoltingD. Dizzy
12. IndifferentA. NeutralB. UnkindC. PreciousD. Mean
13. SimulateA. ExciteB. ImitateC. TrickD. Apelike
14. CharismaA. GhostB. ForceC. CharmD. Courage
15. ApportionA. DivideB. DecideC. CutD. Squabble
16. GenericA. GeneralB. CheapC. FreshD. Elderly
17. QualmA. DistressB. ImpunityC. PersevereD. Scruple
18. WaryA. CalmB. CurvedC. ConfusedD. Cautious
19. DistortA. WrongB. EvilC. DeformD. Harm
20. SumptuousA. DeliriousB. GorgeousC. PerilousD. Luxurious
More questions on Synonyms4
1. Kim and Dave will move into theApartment when it becomes vacant.A. Clean b. Empty c. Built
4 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies p. 10
2. Moving day can cause people aLot of stress.A. Variety b. CuriosityC. Anxiety
3. “We could use some assistanceWith the move,” Kim told Dave.A. Money b. Help c. Advice
4. “i’ll ask Alberto,” Dave said. “He’sA brawny fellow.”A. Smart b. Nice c. Strong
5. Kim and Dave were thrilled withTheir new apartment.A. Excited b. WorriedC. Thinking
6. It was much more spacious thanTheir old place.A. Roomy b. CrowdedC. Expensive
7. They feel lucky to be tenants inSuch a nice building.A. Living b. Renters c. Adults
8. Kim, who is rather finicky, madeDave move the couch three times.A. Artistic b. Picky c. Nasty
9. When they were settled, DaveSnapped photos for their album.A. Wall b. RelativesC. Scrapbook
10. Moving into a new home is one ofLife’s major milestones!A. Events b. ProblemsC. Disasters
Match each word with its’ synonyms
Answer: 1. Change, 2. Often, 3. Untrue, 4. Polite, 5. Fall, 6. Want, 7. Maybe, 8. Clever, 9. Attorney, 10. Backbone
Referring to the paragraphs above, it can be understood that in order to be able to identify or use more synonyms in texts, one must have enough practice. A person who has more vocabularies have more synonyms to use in mind.
ANTONYM
Sometimes, at a certain point, when a person is trying to compare two different things, he or she tends to use a word that has an opposite meaning with a commonly used word. Nevertheless, this is still correct because an antonym is a word opposite in meaning to another (e.g., bad and good ). It comes from the Greek words "anti" for opposite and "onym" for name. Since language is complex, people may at times, disagree on what words are truly opposite in meaning to other words.
There are three categories of antonyms:
1. Graded Antonyms Graded Antonyms deal with levels of the meaning of the words, like if something is not "good", is may still not be "bad." There is a scale involved with some words, and besides good and bad there can be average, fair, excellent, terrible, poor, or satisfactory.
Examples :
Last and first
Foolish and wise
Abundant and scarce
Dark and light
Dangerous and safe
Clever and foolish
Early and late
Empty and full
Smart and dumb
Risky and safe
Bad and good
Pretty and ugly
Best and worst
Rich and poor
Cool and hot
Wet and dry
Late and early
Ignorant and educated
Big and small
Optimistic and pessimistic
Excited and bored
Dull and interesting
2. Complementary AntonymsComplementary antonyms have a relationship where there is no middle ground. There are only two possibilities, either one or the other.
Examples :
Dead and alive
Off and on
Day and night
Absent and present
Exit and entrance
Sink or float
True or false
Input and output
Interior and exterior
Exhale and inhale
3. Relational AntonymsRelational antonyms are sometimes considered a subcategory of complementary antonyms. With these pairs, for there to be a relationship, both must exist.
Examples :
Doctor and patient
Buy and sell
Predator and prey
Above and below
Teach and learn
Instructor and pupil
Servant and master
Borrow and lend
AN EXAMPLE :
Choose the best antonym :
Q. RESTIVE:A) Patient B) Rigorous C) Deceptive D) Active E) Cautious
Solution:
The word, restive, is tricky, because it sounds like it has something to do with rest. Therefore, option (D) active would be the best antonym. However, this is a trick.Restive actually means restless. So, the correct answer is patient, a good antonym for restless.
Just like synonyms, antonyms also exist as different parts of speeches. Here is a list of antonyms listed by part of speech:
Nouns
Day / night East / west Enemy / friend Failure / success Guest / host Health / disease Question / answer Speaker / listener Summer / winter Top / bottom
Verbs
Agree / disagree Arrive / leave Begin / end Fall asleep / wake up Find / lose Lend / borrow Love / hate Open / close Remember / forget Start / stop
Adjectives
Asleep / awake Beautiful / ugly Big / small Black / white Cheap / expensive Dead / alive Dry / wet Easy / difficult Full / empty Good / bad Hot / cold Intelligent / stupid Sad / happy Sick / healthy Thin / fat
Adverbs
Always / never Angrily / happily Fast / slowly Here / there Inside / outside Likely / unlikely Near / far Partly / fully Seemingly / actually Yesterday / tomorrow
Prepositions
Above / below Against / for Before / after In / out Like / unlike On / off Plus / minus To / from Towards / away With / without
Conjunctions
And / or Therefore / nevertheless
Interjections
Bravo / boo Hello / goodbye Holy cow / duh Phew / oops Thanks / no thanks Yes / no Yippee / oh my
Why are synonyms and antonyms important?Knowing synonyms and antonyms can help you express yourself better – more CLEARLY.
If you know different words that describe the same thing (but in a slightly different way, or from a different angle), you can chose the best word (synonym) to use.
That way, you are able to deliver the exact message you intend to communicate.
Knowing synonyms and antonyms can help you express yourself better – with more VARIETY and more COLOURFULLY. (Here, "colorful" means "interesting or exciting.")
Repeating the same words tends to get monotonous. It doesn't sound good in natural speech, and even more so in artistic writing (poetry, prose). Using synonyms makes your speech or writing richer and more "colorful."
Using antonyms helps to emphasize your point, show contrast, or explain exactly what you mean. Antonyms too add "colors" to your speech or writing.
For example, compare these two paragraphs:
"The girl looked out the window. While looking out the window, the girl noticed a little kitty. The kitty she noticed was not fat. It was very much not fat."
"The girl looked out the window. While glancing outside, she noticed a little kitty. The kitten she saw was not fat. It was skinny, and not chubby at all."
In addition, You can really get full understanding of an area if you learn the different
synonyms that apply to it, and their nuances.
For example, cost, charge, and fee, are all used to describe money that you pay for something:
Cost = the amount of money that you need to buy, make or do something. (How much is spent by the buyer.)
The total cost was $100. You can get a new roof at the cost of $850. They protest against the high cost of living.
Charge = an amount of money that is asked in return for goods or services. (How much is requested by the seller/provider.)
There is a monthly charge of $7 for using the phone. There is an admission charge at the circus. The shipment will be free of charge.
Fee = an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services (the officially set price).
The college has a fee for the services that it provides. These fees do not cover accommodation or meals. My insurance covers the doctor's fee.
As you can see, cost, charge and fee have similar meanings, but there are slight differences present. They can be used slightly differently.
These words have different uses as verbs, too:
How much does it cost? (not: How much does it charge?) How much do you charge for fixing the roof? (not: How much do you cost for fixing
the roof?)
In order to have a better understanding of antonyms, a lot of practice is required. Here are some practice questions on antonyms:
Antonyms 1 Level 125
Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. ASSUAGE
A. mitigate
B. inflame
C. inhibit
D. conciliate
E. aver
2. ROMANTIC
A. frivolous
B. pensive
C. earthy
D. tacit
E. scathing
3. INFIRM
A. hospitable
B. equestrian
C. tremulous
D. robust
5 http://www.englishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Level_12_Antonyms_1.pdf
E. anemic
4. ANOMALY
A. recurrence
B. aberration
C. recapitulation
D. felicity
E. consistency
5. MELANCHOLY
A. exuberant
B. composed
C. lugubrious
D. fetid
E. esteemed
6. ADROIT
A. gauche
B. lumbering
C. amateurish
D. adept
E. uncouth
7. YOKE
A. mar
B. fell
C. pervert
D. split
E. conjoin
8. INANE
A. tawdry
B. keen
C. vacuous
D. innocuous
E. pellucid
9. INDULGE
A. abstain
B. quaff
C. regress
D. absolve
E. imbibe
10. REPULSION
A. repugnance
B. aversion
C. destitution
D. petulance
E. attraction
CONCLUSION
An adequate sense of vocabulary comes with practicing and reading books. Just like everything in general, this needs time and energy but at the end will be worth the hardwork.
REFERENCES
1. "Synonyms and Antonyms Explained." Synonyms and Antonyms Explained. Really Learn English!, n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2015. <http://www.really-learn-english.com/synonyms-and-antonyms.html>.
2. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 04 Mar. 2015.
3. 501 Synonym & Antonym Questions4. Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies p. 105. http://www.englishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Level_12_Antonyms_1.pdf