Publikasi di Jurnal Internasional Terindeks Scopus

ISSN: 0126-6039

http://www.ukm.my/jsm/english_journals/vol42num4_2013/contentsVol42num

4_2013.html

Synthesis of Hybrid Polymer and Its

Application as Distributed Feedback Laser

Sains Malaysiana

Vol 42 No 4, 521-527 (2013), April 2013

Sahrul Hidayat, R. Hidayat, Fitrilawati, A. Bahtiar,

R.E. Siregar

Editor-In-Chief Sarani Zakaria

Editors

Bioscience and Biotechnology Wan Kiew Lian / Endom Ismail / Hasidah Sidek

Chemistry Ambar Yarmo / Mohamed Rozali Othman Engineering Geology Goh Thian Lai Environmental Science and Natural Resources Choong Chee Yen / Mohd Talib Latif / Wee Suk Ling / Zubaid Akhtar Mukhtar Ahmad Earth Science Norbert Simon Food Science and Nutrition Wan Aida Wan Mustapha Health Science Shamsul Azhar Shah/ Suzana Shahar Materials Science Chia Chin Hua/ Roslinda Shamsudin Mathematics Mohd Salmi Md Noorani Physics Supian Samat Statistics Zaidi Isa

International Advisory Board

Biodiversity Abdul Latiff Mohamad Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Environmental Science P. Brimblecombe University of East Anglia, UK Materials Science M. P. Laborie University of Freiburg, Germany Materials Chemistry M. Oyama Kyoto University, Japan Mathematics I. Pop University of Cluj, Romania

Physics P. Quentin France Health Sciences K.L. Tucker Northeastern University, USA Food Science and Technology L. Wicker USA

Contents

Volume 42 ♦ Number 4 ♦ April 2013

Page

Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Filled Polypropylene

(PP) Containing Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)

Atikah Ismail, Azman Hassan, Aznizam Abu Bakar & M. Jawaid

429 – 434

Effect of Maleated Compatibiliser (PBS-g-MA) Addition on the Flexural

Properties and Water Absorption of Poly(butylene succinate)/Kenaf Bast

Fibre Composites

M.Z. Ahmad Thirmizir, Z.A. Mohd Ishak, R. Mat Taib & S. Rahim

435 – 441

Fracture Toughness and Impact Strength of Hollow Epoxy Particles-

Toughened Polyester Composite

L.F. Low & A. Abu Bakar

443 – 448

Rigid Polyurethane Foam from Glycolysed Polyethylene Terephthalate

Dissolved in Palm-based Polyol

Khairiah Haji Badri, Ly Iliyana Mohd Dawi & Nur Ashikin Abd Aziz

449 – 457

Production of UV-Curable Palm Oil Resins/Oligomers Using Laboratory

Scale and Pilot Scale Systems

Rida Tajau, Mohd Hilmi Mahmood, Mek Zah Salleh, Khairul Zaman Mohd

Dahlan, Rosley Che Ismail, Sharilla Muhammad Faisal & Sheikh Mohd Zaki

Sheikh Abdul Rahman

459 – 467

Effects of Silica on the Formation of Epoxidised Natural Rubber/Polyvinyl

Chloride Membrane

Nazwa Jon, Ibrahim Abdullah & Rizafizah Othaman

469 – 473

Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Proton Conducting Poly (Vinyl)

Chloride (PVC) Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes

Siti Khatijah Deraman, N.S. Mohamed & R.H.Y. Subban

475 – 479

Properties of ENR-50 Based Electrolyte System

N. Zainal, N.S. Mohamed & R. Idris

481 – 485

Rapid Synthesis of Magnetic Microspheres Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate-co-

Styrene) by Photopolymerization

Sharina Abu Hanifah, Normah Hamzah & Lee Yook Heng

487 – 493

Effect of Compatibilizer on the Dynamic Mechanical and Electrical

Properties of Kaolin Clay Reinforced EPDM Rubber

Gautam Sarkhel & Sanjay Manjhi

495 – 501

Properties Enhancement of TPNR-MWNTs-OMMT Hybrid Nanocomposites

by Using Ultrasonic Treatment

Mou'ad A. Tarawneh, Sahrim Hj. Ahmad, K.A. Ku Zarina, Ibrahim N.

Hassan, Yu Lih Jiun, Moayad Husein Flaifel & A.R. Shamsul Bahri

503 – 507

Reactivity Ratio Determination of Newly Synthesized Copolymers from

Glycidyl Methacrylate and Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate

Ahmad Danial Azzahari, Rosiyah Yahya & Aziz Hassan

509 –514

Separation of Hydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine) Rhodium (I) Catalyst

Using Solvent Resistant Nanofiltration Membrane

Nur S.A. Razak, Maizatul S. Shaharun, Hilmi Mukhtar & Mohd F. Taha

515 – 520

Synthesis of Hybrid Polymer and its Application as Distributed Feedback

Laser

Sahrul Hidayat, R. Hidayat, Fitrilawati, A. Bahtiar &R.E. Siregar

521 – 527

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Synthesis Using RAFT Polymerisation

Peter A. G. Cormack & Faizatul Shimal Mehamod

529 – 535

Glass Fiber and Nanoclay Reinforced Polypropylene Composites:

Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Normasmira A. Rahman, Aziz Hassan, R. Yahya &

R.A. Lafia-Araga

537– 546

Sains Malaysiana 42(4)(2013): 521–527

Synthesis of Hybrid Polymer and Its Application as Distributed Feedback Laser(Sintesis Polimer Hibrid dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Laser Suap Balik Tertabur)

SAHruL HIDAyAT*, r. HIDAyAT, FITrILAwATI, A. BAHTIAr & r.E. SIrEgAr

ABSTrACT

The hybrid inorganic-organic polymer was synthesized by sol-gel method from TMSPMA. Organic dye laser of DCM was added into hybrid polymer host matrices by means of solution method at room temperature. The distributed feedback (DFB) laser was fabricated from hybrid polymer-DCM film using Lloyd Mirror interference technique. The surface profile of device was observed using AFM. From the AFM image, we obtained that the grating period was about 385 nm and the depth of corrugation was about 60 nm. The characteristics of DFB laser was investigated by optical pumping using SHG Nd-YAG (λ=532 nm). The laser emission has been demonstrated at 582 nm with the spectral width (FWHM) less than 2 nm at pumping power of 14.00 mJ/pulse cm2. The experimental results have been confirmed by the theoretical model using coupled mode theory. The confirmation of experimental works by the theoretical model has a good result.

Keywords: Coupled mode theory; DFB laser; hybrid polymer; sol-gel method

ABSTrAK

Polimer hibrid telah disintesis dengan kaedah sol-gel daripada TMSPMA. Laser dai organik DCM telah ditambahkan ke dalam matriks polimer hibrid dengan menggunakan kaedah larutan pada suhu bilik. Laser Suap Balik Tertabur (DFB) telah difabrikasi daripada filem polimer hibrid-DCM menggunakan teknik pembelauan Lloyd Mirror. Profil pada permukaan daripada peranti laser diamati menggunakan AFM. Daripada imej AFM, kita boleh mengukur kala parutan ~385 nm dan kedalaman kerut ~60 nm. Ciri laser DFB telah dikaji dengan pam optik menggunakan SHG Nd-YAG (λ = 532 nm). Pemancaran laser telah ditunjukkan pada 582 nm dengan lebar spektrum (FWHM) kurang daripada 2 nm untuk daya pam 1400 mJ/denyut cm2. Hasil eksperimen telah disahkan oleh model teori menggunakan teori mod terganding. Pengesahan hasil kerja eksperimen dengan model teori mempunyai hasil yang baik.

Kata kunci: Kaedah sol-gel; laser DFB; polimer hibrid; teori mod terganding

InTroDuCTIon

In the last decades, the miniaturization technologies of devices has attracted much attention in many fields, such as optics, electronics, materials sciences and biomedical engineering (Cheng et al. 2012; Vyawahare et al. 2010). Besides, there is also a market demand for a low processing cost for fabrication such devices. Both factors have encouraged many scientists to continue their research for new materials. Hybrid inorganic-organic polymers are good candidate for application in micro-size devices since the hybrid polymer can be fabricated as micro-planar devices with a simple fabrication method, such as spin-coating followed by ultra Violet (uV) patterning (Darracq et al. 1998; Hidayat et al. 2010). Polymers are widely used for optical devices, such as a host matrix for dye laser in lasing application (Hidayat et al. 2010). yurista et al. (2001) have reported fabrication of DFB grating using photoresist with uV holographic method. The gain medium consists of disperse-red-one chromophore side chain polymethyl methacrylate (Dr1-MMA) deposited on Si substrate. The lasing emission can be tuned in various wavelengths from gain medium layer up-covered with photoresist grating (yurista et

al. 2001). Although offering advantage of simplicity in processing, but the polymer based optical system faced many problems due to its low thermal stability (Paquet & Kumacheva 2008). That has encouraged scientists to used hybrid inorganic-organic polymer instead of conventional organic polymer. In recent years, there have been many reports on application of hybrid inorganic-organic polymer materials for optical devices (Hidayat et al. 2010), that is related to excellent optical properties and a high thermal stability of hybrid inorganic-organic polymer in comparison with conventional polymers. Moreover, hybrid polymers exhibit a good transparency in optical region, can be customized by adding some functional material and have several advantages such as easy in synthesizing and patterning process (Soppera et al. 2002). In this paper, we synthesized hybrid inorganic-organic polymer of poly(3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate) (TMSPMA), modified the material using organic dye laser of 4-dicyanomethylene-2 -methyl-6-p-dimethylamino -styryl-4H- pyran) (DCM) and further using the material we fabricate 1D grating as laser resonator using Lloyd mirror interference technique. The DFB grating was characterized