Synthetic Detergents With Formulations Hand Book

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23. Sucrose Esters

24. Sorbitan Esters25. Alkylolamides

26. Fatty Amine Oxides

27. Amphoterics and Zwitterionics

28. Biodegradability

II. Synthesis OF DETERGENTS :1. Introduction

2. Raw Materials for Anionic Synthetic Detergents

3. Fatty Alcohols, Natural and Synthetic4. Olefins

5. Alpha Olefins

6. Linear Internal Olefins

7. Normal Paraffins8. Alkyl Benzene

9. Methyl Esters10. Sulphonation of Detergent Raw Materials11. The Inorganic Raw Materials for Sulphonation

12. Sulphuric Acid and Oleum (Fuming Sulphuric Acid)

13. Sulphur Trioxide from Oleum Stripping14. Sulphur

15. Chlorosulphonic Acid

16. Sulphamic Acid

17. Sulphonation with Sulphuric Acid and/or Oleum18. Sulphonation with Sulphur Trioxide

19. Sulphonation Processes

20. Alpha Olefin Sulphonates (AOS)21. Methyl Ester Sulphonates

22. Heavy Alkylate Sulphonates

23. Sulphonation with Chlorosulphonic Acid24. Sulphation by Means of Sulphamic Acid

25. Sulphosuccinates and Sulphosuccinamates

26. Alkane (Paraffin) Sulphonates

27. Phosphate Esters28. Non-ionic Detergents

29. Ethylene and Propylene Derivatives

30. Fatty Acid Alkanolamides31. Cationic Detergents

32. Cationic Surtace Active Agents

33. Amphoteric Detergents

III. MANUFACTURE OF FINISHED DETERGENTS :1. Introduction2. Powder Detergents

3. Simple Absorption


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4. Combined Absorption and Neutralisation

5. Dry Mixing of Powders6. Spray-drying of Powders

7. Colour

8. Particle Size and Spread

9. Bulk Density10. Residual Moisture

11. Stickiness12. Product Uniformity

13. Separation of Powder

14. Wet Scrubbing15. Use of Fines

16. Combination of Spray-dried and Dry-mixed Powders

17. Ballestra 'Combex' System

18. Patterson-Kelley System19. Anhydro System

20. Drum-drying of Powders21. Liquid Detergents22. Toilet Preparations

23. Paste Detergents

24. Calcium Sulphonates25. Solid Detergents

26. Detergents Toilet Bars

27. Household Scrub Bars

28. Fabric Softeners29. Abrasive Cleaners

IV. FORMULATION AND APPLICATION OF DETERGENTS :1. Introduction

2. Foam

3. Household Cleaning4. Heavy-duty Laundering

5. Foam Control

6. Light-duty Household Products

7. General Purpose Detergents8. Choice of Non-ionic

9. Concentrated Powders

10. Cold Water Washing11. Hard-Surface Cleaners

12. Machine Dishwashing

13. Abrasive-type Cleaners14. Miscellaneous Household Cleaners

15. Commerical Laundering

16. Solvent Detergents17. Carpet and Upholstery Cleaners

18. Textile Dressing


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19. Mercerizing

20. Food and Dairy Industries21. Detergent Sanitisers

22. Metal Cleaners

23. Miscellaneous Cleaners

24. Lavatory Cleaner25. Hand Cleansers

26. Waterless Hand Cleaners

V. PERFUMING OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS :1. Introduction2. Types of Perfumes

3. Matching a Perfume

4. Formulation of Perfumes in Soap Compounds

5. Antiseptic and Medicated Soaps6. Perfuming Boxes

VI. TESTING OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS :1. Introduction

2. Test Methods

3. Statistical Presentation of Data4. Radioactive Tracer Technique

5. Water Hardness

6. Screening Tests

7. Acid Stability8. Acid Stability test Method

9. Alkali Stability and Solubility in-Caustic Soda Solutions

10. Test method-Alkali Stability11. Test Method-Solubility

12. Stability toward Metallic Lons

13. Test Method14. Surface and Interfacial Tension Values and Spreading Coefficient

15. Surface Tension

16. Interfacial Tension

17. Surface Active Agents18. Test Method

19. Lime Soap Dispersion

20. Test, Method21. Practical Wetting Tests

22. Test Method : Draves-Clarkson Test

23. Canvas Disk Test Method24. Rewetting Test

25. Test Method

26. Lather Values27. Test Method : Ross-Miles Pour Foam Test

28. Solubility-Organic Solvents


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29. Test Method

30. Cotton Washing31. Water Hardness

32. Machines

33. Standard Cotton Soil Fabric Preparation

34. Fabric Choice35. Desizing

36. Soil37. Soiling Machine

38. Soil Storage

39. Evaluation of Washed Swatches40. Standardization of Solid Fabric Testing

41. Cotton Wash Test Methods

42. Deter-Meter Test Method

43. Conventional Washer Method44. Practical Wash Tests

45. Home Laundering46. Sea Water Detergency Tests47. Detergency Methods

48. Redeposition

49. General Methods50. Redeposition Test Procedure

51. Wool Washing

52. Raw Wool Scouring

53. Continuous Scouring of Raw Grease Wool54. In-Process Scouring

55. Soiled Suspension

56. Soiled Fabric Preparation57. AATCC Detergency Comparator

58. Test Method

59. Finished Fabric Scouring60. Wash Test Method

61. Washing Procedures for other Fibres

62. Dry Cleaning

63. Shampoos64. Detergency Method

65. Lather-Shampoo

66. Hard Surface Cleaning67. Metal Cleaning

68. Performance Tests

69. Surfaces70. Soils

71. Machines for Removal

72. Sample73. Estimation of Soil Removal

74. Dishwashing


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75. Soil

76. Measurement of Soil Retention (or removal)77. Machines for Washing

78. Miscellaneous Tests

79. Brightening Agents

80. Evaluation81. Ph Determination

82. Proposed Method of Test for pH of Aqueous Solutions of Soaps and Detergents83. Corrosion

VII. Manufacturing OF HERBAL SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS :1. Performance Criteria

2. Washing Habits

3. Quality of Water

4. Soiling5. White vs. Coloured Clothes

6. Manufacturing Facilities7. Safety and Pleasant 'in-use' Qualities8. Colour, Odour and Flow Characteristics

9. Shelf Life

10. Pricing11. Formulation Requirements

12. Alkalinity

13. Good Building and Active Matter

14. Approach to Product Formulation15. Production Procedure

16. Formulations of Synthetic Detergent Powders

17. Detergent Powder Prepared Without Using Spray Dryer (High Bulk Density)18. Procedure

19. Foam Regulation

20. Typical Suds Regulated Surfactant Compounds21. Woollen Piece Goods Scouring-Preparation

22. Scouring Powders Including Kitchen Cleaners

23. Abrasives

24. Surfactants25. Other Chemicals

26. Soap Powder

27. Manufacturing Process28. Standards

VIII. DETERGENTS BARS :1. Introduction

2. Requirements of a Detergent Bar

3. NSD Bar Vs. Soap4. Components of Detergent Bars

5. Active Detergent


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6. Sodium Tripolyphosphate

7. Talc8. Starch

9. China Clay

10. Calcite

11. Soda Ash12. Sodium Sulphate

13. Sodium Silicate14. Coconut Mono Ethanolamide

15. Soapstock

16. Dicalcium Phosphate17. Rosin

18. Titanium Dioxide

19. Colour

20. Fluorescer21. Perfume

22. Water23. Processing of NDC Bars24. Handling of Raw Materials

25. Processing

26. Process Control27. Some Typical Formulations of Detergent Bar

28. Plant & Machinery for Small Scale Detergent

29. cake Manufacture

30. Kneader31. Milling Machine

32. Plodder

33. Bar Cutter or Billet Cutter34. Embossing or Stamping Machine

35. Pulverizer

IX. HERBAL LIQUID AND PASTE DETERGENTS :1. Requisites of Surfactants for Formulating Liquid Detergents

2. Surfactants Most Commonly Used

3. Builders4. Viscosity Controllers

5. Other Ingredients

6. Household Liquid Detergents for Laundering7. Heavy Duty

8. Manufacture of Paste Detergents

9. Formulations of Liquid and Paste Detergents10. Heavy Duty Liquid Detergents

11. Light Duty Detergents

12. Liquid Shampoo13. Procedure

14. Light Duty : (for silk, wool etc.)


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15. Typical Formulations

16. Procedure17. Shampoos

18. Rug Cleaning Liquid Detergent Formulations

19. A Recommended Formulation

20. Heavy-duty Liquid Detergents

X. ACID SLURRY BY MANUAL PROCESS :1. Raw material Requirements

2. Process of Manufacture

3. Plant Economics4. Plant & Machinery

5. Fixed Capital

6. Raw Materials

7. Total Working Capital/Month8. Total Capital Investment

9. Turn Over/Annum

XI. DETERGENTS (ANIONIC) :1. Manufacturing Process

2. Formulations (Paste)3. Formulation

4. Process

5.Process Flow Sheet for the Manufacture of Detergent Liquid/Paste

XII. DETERGENT WASHING POWDER (ARIEL TYPE) :

1. Higher Grade/Quality Ariel Type Detergent Powder

2. Ariel Detergent (Higher Grade)3. Process

4. Plant Economics

5. Plant & Machinery6. Fixed Capital

7. Raw Materials

8. Total Working Capital/Month

9. Total Capital Investment10. Turn Over/Annum

XIII. SYNTHETIC DETERGENT (BLUE POWDER) :1. Formulation for Blue Washing Powder

2. List of Conventional Builders and Additives

3. Process of Manufacture4. Compounding of Ingredients


6. The Spray Drying Process7. Atomization

8. Treatment of the Powder after the Tower


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1. Laundering Process


4. Fixed Capital

5. Raw Materials

6. Total Working Capital/Month7. Total Capital Investment

8. Turn Over/Annum

XVII. LIQUIDTOILET CLEANER (HARPIC TYPE) :

1. Formulation of Liquid Toilet Cleaner (Harpic Type)2. Process of Manufacture of Liquid Toilet Cleaner (Harpic Type)

3. Plant Economics

4. Plant & Machinery

5. Fixed Capital6. Raw Materials

7. Total Working Capital/Month8. Total Capital Investment9. Turn Over/Annum

XIX. ACID SLURRY (L.A.B.) :1. Typical Quality of LAB

2. Manufacturing Process Details for Acid Slurry

3. Reaction carried out as given below

4. Batch Sulphonation Process5. Continuous Sulphonations Process

6. The Process can be divided into four Stages

7. Plants Economics8. Plant & Machinery

9. Fixed Capital

10. Raw Materials11. Total Working Capital/ Month

12. Total Capital Investment

13. Turn Over/Annum

XX. NEROL LAUNDRY SOAP :1. Laundry Soaps V/S Mixed Soap Detergent Laundry Bar

2. Formulation3. Manufacturing Process of Laundry Soap from Soap Flakes

4. The First Bring Change

5. The Second Bring Change6. The Finish

7. Crutching and Filling

8. Cooling Frames9. Slabbing and Cutting

10. Drying and Packing


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11. Plant Economics


14. Raw Materials



XXI. LIQUID DETERGENTS FOR WOOL :1. Manufacturing Process

2. Formulations for Liquid Detergent for Wool3. Cold Water Wool Detergents

4. Plant Economics



8. Total Working Capital/Month9. Total Capital Investment10. Turn Over/Annum

XXII. LAUNDRY FOR CLOTHES WASHING :1. Laundering Process

2. Inspection and Mending

3. Stain Removal

4. Steeping5. Washing

6. Rinsing

7. Wringing8. Blueing and Starching

9. Drying

10. Damping and finishing11. Plant Economics


13. Fixed Capital

14. Raw Materials15. Total Working Capital/Month


17. Turn Over/Annum

XXIII. NIRMA TYPE DETERGENT POWDER :1. Process of Manufacture2. Plant Economics





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8. Turn Over/Annum

XXIV. NON-IONIC LIQUID DETERGENTS :1. Formulation


XXV. DETERGENT PASTE (TEXTILE GRADE) :1. Formulation of Detergent Paste (Textile Grade)

2. Manufacturing Processe of

3. Detergent Paste (Textile Grade)4. Plants Economics


6. Fixed Capital



XXVI. SPRAY DRIED DETERGENT POWDER :1. Formulation2. Typical Formulation Selected for the Process

3. The Spray Drying Process

XXVII. WASHING & LAUNDRY SOAP :1. Advantages of Detergent Laundry Bar over Traditional Laundry Soaps

2. Formulation of Washing Soap

3. Formulation of Laundry Soap (Combination Toilet Bar Soap)4. Manufacturing Process of Washing Soap

5. Plant Economics


8. Raw Materials



XXVIII. ZEOLITE-A MANUFACTURING (DETERGENT GRADE) :1. Manufacturing Process

2. Material Balance for Zeolite-A Production (By Hydrogel Process)


5. Fixed Capital




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9. Turn Over/Annum

XXIX. DETERGENTWASHING POWDER (SURF EXCEL TYPE) :1. Surf Excel Type Detergent Powder-Formulation

2. Process





XXX. DETERGENT POWDER PLANTS-DRY MIX PROCESS :1. Manufacturing Process2. Basic Raw Materials

3. Packaging4. Man Powder Required5. Electricity Required

6. Area required (for Plant and Machinery)

7. Water required (for Production Purpose)8. Effluents

XXXI. LAUNDRY SOAP MANUFACTURING PLANT :1. Manufacturing Process2. Raw Materials Required

3. Packing Materials

4. Manpower Required5. Water Consumption

6. Effluents

7. Area Requirement8. Electricity Required

XXXII. TOILET (BATH) SOAP FINISHING LINE :1. Capacities Available2. Product

3. Manufacturing Process

4. Raw Material Required5. Packing Material

6. Manpower Required

7. Water Consumption8. Effluents

9. Area Requirement

10. Electricity Requirement

XXXIII. DETERGENT CAKE MANUFACTURING PLANTS :


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1. Capacities Available

2. Product3. Manufacturing Process

4. Raw Material

5. Packing Material

6. Manpower Required7. Water Consumption

8. Effluents9. Area Requirement

10. Electricity Requirement

XXXIV. SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

XXXV. SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY :1. Detergent Plant Suppliers

2. Laundry & Dry Cleaning Plant Supplier3. Storage Tanks

4. Spray Dryers5. Mixers6. Weighing Machines

7. Homogenisers

8. Powder Filling Machine

XXXVI. PRESENT MANUFACTURERS

XXXVII. PACKAGING :

1. Pouch Packaging Services2. Packaging Machines for Detergents

Preface

The Book 'Hand Book of Synthetic Detergents with Formulations' covers Principle

Groups of Synthetic Detergents, Manufacturing Technologies with Formulae to produceDetergents. The main chapters of the book are Groups of Synthetic Detergents, Synthesis

of Detergents, Manufacture of Finished Detergents, Formulation and Application of

Detergents, Perfuming of Soaps and Detergents, Testing of Soaps and Detergents,

Manufacturing of Herbal Synthetic Detergents, Detergent Bars, Herbal Liquid and PasteDetergents, Acid Slurry By Manual Process, Anionic Detergents, Detergent Washing

Powder (Arial Type), Blue Detergent Powder, Cleaning Powder, Laundry and Dry

Cleaners Liquid Toilet Cleaners (Harpik Type), Acid Slurry (L.A.B.) Nerol LaundrySoap, Liquid Detergents for Wool, Laundry for Clothes Washing, Nirma Type Detergent

Powder, Non-Ionic Liquid Detergents, Detergent Paste (Textile Grade), Washing and

Laundry Soap, Zeolite-A (Detergent Grade), Detergent Powder Plants- Dry Mix Process,Laundry Soap, Bath Toilet Soap Finishing Line, Detergent Cake Plants, Suppliers of Raw

Materials, Suppliers of Plant and Machinery, Present Manufacturers, Packaging

Addresses,


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Hope, the book will undoubtedly help the new entrepreneurs as well as well established

industrialists.

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Synthetic Detergents With Formulations Hand Book