System Restoration Navigator - epcc- · PDF fileEPRI EPCC 13, Bled, ... •More pervasive VSC HVDC. ... –Develop a standalone version of System Restoration Navigator . 19

© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sean McGuinness

EPRI

EPCC 13, Bled, Slovenia

20-May-2015

System Restoration

Navigator

2 © 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Electric Power Research Institute - EPRI

Created after 1965 US blackout

450+ participants across more than 30 countries

Practical research for Environmental, Generation, Power Delivery and Nuclear Engineering

EPRI members generate approximately 90% of the electricity in the United States

International funding of nearly 25% of EPRI’s research, development and demonstrations

EPRI’s principal offices and laboratories: – Palo Alto, California – Charlotte, North Carolina – Knoxville, Tennessee – Lennox, Massachusetts – Dublin, Ireland


Conducting Research Today

Generation • Advanced Fossil Plants, Carbon

Capture, Utilization, and Storage

• Combined Cycle

• Environmental Controls

• Major Component Reliability

• Materials and Chemistry

• Operations and Maintenance

• Power Plant Water Management

• Renewable Energy

Power Delivery and Utilization • Transmission Lines and

Substations

• Grid Operations and Planning

• Distribution Systems

• Information, Communication, and

Cyber Security

• Energy Utilization

Environment • Generation Environmental

Sciences: Air and Multimedia

• Generation Environmental

Sciences: Land and Water

• Energy Delivery and Utilization

Environmental Sciences

• Strategic Analysis and

Technology Assessments

• Occupational Health and Safety

Nuclear • Advanced Nuclear Technology

• Chemistry, Low-Level Waste, and

Radiation Management

• Equipment Reliability

• Fuel Reliability

• Long-Term Operations

• Materials Degradation/Aging

• Nondestructive Evaluation and

Material Characterization

• Risk and Safety Management

• Used Fuel and High-level Waste

Management


EPRI System Restoration Decision Support Tools

Long-Term Research Goal and Value:

Goal: Develop methods and tools to support development and evaluation

of restoration plans & to provide real-time decision support during

restoration events

Potential Value:

– Improved restoration plans and strategies

– Improved reliability

– Improved blackstart placement and investment decisions

– Better communication with stakeholders during restoration

Tools Developed:

System Restoration Navigator (SRN) Tool

Optimal Blackstart Capability (OBC) Tool


System Restoration Plans

• Blackout may occur for a number of reasons

• Most utilities have established blackstart plans

• Rapid retirement of coal, nuclear plants. Impact on blackstart plans?

• More pervasive VSC HVDC. Role of Wind, Solar?

• A system restoration plan starts with blackstart generation resources.

• Some generators, lines and transformers may not be available

• Not all equipment will work - plans may change mid-restoration

• Optimizing the restoration process is challenging

• Every extra minute of blackout has economic and social consequence


Generic Restoration Milestones

Synchronize Islands Synchronize Islands

Serve Area Serve Area

Serve Area Serve Area

Build Island Build Island

Build Island Build Island

Establish Network Establish Network

Establish Network Establish Network

BS-NBS BS-NBS

BS-NBS BS-NBS

– Crank non-black-start units

using black-start units

– Establish Transmission Path

– Build Electrical Island

– Serve Loads in Area

– Synchronize Electrical Islands

– Synchronize with Neighbors

– Crank non-black-start units

using black-start units

– Establish Transmission Path

– Build Electrical Island

– Serve Loads in Area

– Synchronize Electrical Islands

– Synchronize with Neighbors

Foundation of SRN


System Restoration Navigator (SRN)

- The Multi-Stage Optimization Problem

• Aim: Quickly establish a flexible system restoration plan based on blackstart generation resources

• Method: Energize paths from blackstart to non-blackstart generators and pick up critical load

• Constraints: Generator MW/MVAR limits and ramping rates, voltage limits, line/transformer thermal limits, available generators, available lines/transformers

• Optimization: minimize restoration time by minimizing switching and maximizing ramp-rates

• Result: Feasible and quick restoration

Transmission

Path

Generator

Start-up

Sequence

Load Pick-Up

Observe

Constraints



Find shortest path between blackstart and non blackstart units/critical loads

Ensure constraints are met (voltage range, charging current)

Minimize switching steps, number of non-critical loads to pick up

Output switching plan, display route in a table and single line diagram also

• Blackstart Unit, like:

• Gas turbine

• Hydro

• VSC HVDC

• Non-Blackstart Unit, like:

• Coal

• CCGT

• LCC HVDC


Sample Single Line Diagram Display

RED: CB closed an energized, WHITE: CB closed but not energized


Sample Tabular Display

RENT_G1 blackstart generator selected

Both RENT_G1 and RENT_G2 blackstart generators energized

Tabular shows number of switching steps and Mvar requirement to all other generators/loads



Decision Support Tool

System Planners/Operators

o Develop, evaluate and revise system restoration strategies, guidelines, plans and step-by-step procedures

System Operators

o Review, practice and implement restoration plans and procedures

Can generate a plan under users’ guidance

iteratively and step-by-step

Expert’s knowledge can be incorporated

Can be used during real-time operations

Can import and export data using PSS/E format

Plan can be displayed on a one-line diagram

step-by-step


Integration with EPRI Operator Training Simulator (OTS)

Objective/Scope

Develop software that enables a user of EPRI OTS to access

and use System Restoration Navigator module.

– Allows restoration planning and operations staff to simulate, develop,

experiment with and revise system restoration plans

– Permits comparison of optimal solution with engineering judgement

– Permit near real-time

It now works with EPRI OTS, but the API code is generic so it

may be incorporated by any commercial OTS/DTS vendor


Integration of SRN 3.0 with EPRI OTS (PowerSimulator)

Common Information Model (CIM)

PowerData – Real-time Data Base and Message Bus

EPRI OTS

(PowerSimulator)

Data Engineer Power Visuals User Interface

(Web Enabled)

Adaptive

Topology

Control

Contingency

Analysis

PACE Infrastructure Application or System

DNP3 Model

Importers

EPRI SRN

3.0

EPRI-IncSys-PowerData Power Application Computing Environment (PACE)


Optimal Blackstart Capability (OBC) Tool

Objective is to determine:

optimal locations and MW rating of new blackstart generators

value of additional black start capability in terms of reduced

system restoration time


Overview of Optimal Blackstart Capability Tool


OBC Case Study on Duke Energy-Indiana System

Goal: Learn applicability of OBC on a realistic system

Duke Energy-Indiana System: 14 generating plants and 38

units. 7,500 MW generation. One blackstart unit meeting

regulatory requirements.

System Model: 345 kV, 230 kV, 138 kV and 69 kV detailed

model, along with distribution system model up to 12 kV.

Study Scope:

– Assessment of the existing blackstart location as well as several

proposed blackstart locations.

– A sensitivity study to assess the possibility of advancing the

cranking of a large non blackstart generating station during the early

restoration stage, which can help in expediting the overall

restoration process.


Optimal Blackstart Capability Case Study Results

Blackstart

Location

Blackstart

Optimal Size

(MW)

Total Restoration

Time (p.u.)

Generator

Energy

Requirements

(MWhr)

Bus1

(Existing) 90 63 54124

Bus2 90 61 54945

Bus3 30 60 53104

Bus4 20 59 53559

Bus6 90 70 52586

Bus2 blackstart location may be slightly better than Bus1.

Bus3 and Bus4 blackstart locations would require lower blackstart MW capability than Bus1.

Bus4 blackstart location seems worth taking a look at because it requires lower blackstart

MW capability and improves restoration time.


Conclusions

System Restoration Navigator

– provides optimal restoration sequences based on actual system state

after a partial or total system blackout

Optimal Blackstart Capability

– Tool to assess the efficacy of existing blackstart generators

– Aids the comparison and optimal placement of future blackstart units

Planned 2015 work:

– Continue testing with a number of utilities

– Continue developing and refining of SRN and OBC

– Develop a standalone version of System Restoration Navigator


Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity

Documents

System Restoration Navigator - epcc- · PDF fileEPRI EPCC 13, Bled, ... •More pervasive VSC HVDC. ... –Develop a standalone version of System Restoration Navigator . 19