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v. v. v. v. v. System: Total Momentum. System. m 2 = 2 kg. m 1 = 0.5 kg. Find total momentum of the system:. +4 m/s. -1 m/s. 2 kg m/sC) 4 kg m/s 3 kg m/sD) 0 kg m/s. 1. Impulse = Change in Momentum. 2. F D t = Change in momentum. 3. If F = 0, momentum does not change. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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System: Total Momentum
...mm)(m 2211 vvv
tot
v
v
v
v
vSystem
+4 m/s
-1 m/s
m2 = 2 kg
m1 = 0.5 kg
Find total momentum of the system:
A)2 kg m/s C) 4 kg m/s
B)3 kg m/s D) 0 kg m/s
1. Impulse = Change in Momentum
2. Ft = Change in momentum
3. If F = 0, momentum does not change.
“Conservation” of momentum.
How does momentum of the system change after they collide? No external forces.
+4 m/s
-1 m/s
A)Positive change in momentum
B)Negative change in momentum
C)Zero change in momentum
Conservation of Momentum
mB
collide!
mA
VA
VB
mA VA’
mB
VB’
Total mv Before = Total mv After
(if no external force on the system)
Be careful with positive and negative signs!
Positive Negative
'm'mmm BBAABBAA vvvv
Example: Using momentum conservation
-3 m/s
'm'mmm BBAABBAA vvvv
+4 m/s
0 m/s ?
m2 = 2 kg
m1 = 0.5 kg
Momentum conserved even if many particles are
involved.
http://www.tutorialwiz.com/explosion/images/f.jpg
Total momentum before explosion
=
Total momentum after
explosion
Squid Propulsion (Explosion)
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/animations/Squid.swf
mvtot = 0
Before
After
(mv)water = (mv)squid
Total momentum = 0
Recoil: Total Momentum = 0
Before
After
vbulletvrecoil
(mv)bullet + gun = 0
-mgunvrecoil + (mv)b = 0
Elastic collision: Bounces
Momentum is Conserved & No Energy "lost" Momentum is
always conserved if no external
forces are applied to the system!
Inelastic collision: Stick
Momentum is Conserved but Energy is not
V2 = V
V2 = 0
V1 = -V
Bouncy ball (elastic)
Dead ball (inelastic)
Calculate change in momentum for each.
V1 = -V
Low Friction Carts on Track
m
v
m (at rest)
Before After
v/2
v = 0v
m
v
m
Inelastic
Inelastic
v
m
v
m
Elastic v
m
v
m
Low Friction Carts on Track
m
v1
m
Before AfterElastic
v2 v2 v1
Before AfterElastic
m
v1
m
v2 v2 v1
Purpose:
Experimentally (and mathematically) prove conservation of momentum in a collision or an explosion.
Lab: Conservation of Momentum
Procedure: Develop and perform an experiment to prove conservation of momentum.
Results should show:
momentum before an event = momentum after an event.
within 10%.
Lab: Conservation of Momentum
Things to consider:
Explosion, elastic collision or inelastic collision?
Will masses stay constant throughout the event?
What materials will give good data?
What measurement tools will you use?
How to measure velocities and masses before and after the event?
Before beginning the experiment:
Write down anticipated procedure and a materials list, then get materials.
Do preliminary experiments to make sure your technique will work.
Think through equations to make sure to measure and record correct data.
Make a data table to use during experiment.
Get teacher initials on prep sheet, before starting the experiment.
Momentum Conservation/Transfer
• Impulse on basketball and tennis ball
vM
m
M v≈0
v’
(m+M)vbefore mvafter
Actually, the floor provides an external force and this illustrates energy
conservation.