Systems Analysis and Design CHAPTER 1 Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta Roth John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slides by Candace S. Garrod Red Rocks

Systems Analysis and DesignSystems Analysis and Design

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1

Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta RothJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Slides by Candace S. Garrod

Red Rocks Community College

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The Systems Analyst and The Systems Analyst and Information Systems Information Systems

DevelopmentDevelopment

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 4th Edition

Key Ideas

Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization.The primarily goal is to create value for the organization.

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The Systems Analyst

The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas.It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.

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The Systems Analyst

The systems analyst assists and guides the project team so the team develops the right system in an effective way.Systems analysts must understand how to apply technology in order to solve problems.


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Systems analysts may also serve as change agents who identify the organization improvements needed, design systems to implement those changes, and train/motivate others to use the systems.


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Systems Analyst Skills

Introduces change to the organization and peopleLeads a successful organization change effortUnderstands what to change and knows how to change it


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Must have technical skills, as well as, business skillsCommunicate effectively and give presentationsMust be able to deal fairly, honestly, and ethically with other project members, managers, and systems users


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Project Team Specialization

Business analystSystems analystInfrastructure analystChange management analystProject manager


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Systems Analyst Specialization

The systems analyst focuses on the IS issues surrounding the system.Develops ideas and suggestions for ways IT can improve business process, helps design new business processes, helps design new business process, designs the new information system, and ensures that all IS standards are maintained.


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Business Analyst

Focuses on the business issues surrounding the systemIdentifies the business value that the system will createDevelops ideas for improving the business processesHelps design new business processes and policies


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Infrastructure Analyst

Focuses on technical issues surrounding the ways the system will interact with the organization’s technical infrastructureEnsures that the new information system conforms to organization standardsIdentifies infrastructure changes


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Change Management Analyst

Focuses on the people and management issues surrounding the system installation.Ensures that adequate documentation and support are available to users.Provides user training.Develops strategies to overcome resistance to change.


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Project Manager

Highly experienced systems analyst.Ensures that the project is completed on time and within budget.Makes sure the system delivers the expected vale to the organization.


Major Attributes of the Lifecycle

The projectMoves systematically through phases where each phase has a standard set of outputsProduces project deliverablesUses deliverables in implementationResults in actual information systemUses gradual refinement

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The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

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The SDLC is composed of four fundamental phases:

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

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Project Phases

PlanningWhy build the system?

AnalysisWho, what, when, where will the system be?

DesignHow will the system work?

ImplementationSystem delivery

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Each of the phases include a set of steps, which rely on techniques that produce specific document files that provide understanding about the project.

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Processes and Deliverables

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Process Product

Planning

Analysis

Design

Implementation

Project Plan

System Proposal

System Specification

New System and Maintenance Plan


To Understand the SDLC:Each phase consists of steps that lead to specific deliverables

The system evolves through gradual refinement

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Project Management


SDLC Phases


Phase I: Planning

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This phase is the fundamental process of understanding why an information system should be built.

The Planning phase will also determine how the project team will go about building the information system.

The Planning phase is composed of two planning steps.

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1. During project initiation, the system’s business value to the organization is identified (How will it lower costs or increase revenues?)

2. During project management, the project manager creates a work plan, staffs the project, and puts techniques in place to help the project team control and direct the project through the entire SDLC.

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Two Planning Steps


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Part I : Planning


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Part I : Planning


Phase II: Analysis

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The analysis phase answers the questions of whowho will use the system, what what the system will do, and wherewhere and whenwhen it will be used.During this phase the project team investigates any current system(s), identifies improvement opportunities, and develops a concept for the new system.This phase has three analysis steps.

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Three Analysis Steps

1. Analysis strategy: This is developed to guide the projects team’s efforts. This includes an analysis of the current system.

2. Requirements gathering: The analysis of this information leads to the development of a concept for a new system. This concept is used to build a set of analysis models.

3. System proposal: The proposal is presented to the project sponsor and other key individuals who decide whether the project should continue to move forward.

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Part II : Analysis


The system proposal is the initial deliverable that describes what business requirements the new system should meet.

The deliverable from this phase is both an analysis and a high-level initial design for the new system.

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Part II : Analysis


Phase III: Design

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In this phases it is decided how the system will operate, in terms of the hardware, software, and network infrastructure; the user interface, forms, and reports that will be used; and the specific programs, databases, and files that will be needed.

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Five Design Steps

1. Design Strategy: This clarifies whether the system will be developed by the company or outside the company.

2. Architecture Design: This describes the hardware, software, and network infrastructure that will be used.

3. Database and File Specifications: These documents define what and where the data will be stored.

4. Program Design: Defines what programs need to be written and what they will do.

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Part III : Design


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Part III : Design


Phase IV: Implementation

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During this phase, the system is either developed or purchased (in the case of packaged software).

This phase is usually the longest and most expensive part of the process.

The phase has three steps.

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System Construction: The system is built and tested to make sure it performs as designed.

Installation: Prepare to support the installed system.

Support Plan: Includes a post-implementation review.

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Three Implementation Steps


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Part IV : Implementation


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Part IV : Implementation

Documents

Systems Analysis and Design CHAPTER 1 Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta Roth John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slides by Candace S. Garrod Red Rocks