Systems Theory Humanist Report

7/28/2019 Systems Theory Humanist Report

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20th Century

2 major views of humanity had emerged

1. Freudian Concept

2. Behaviorists Concept

3. Humanistic Approach


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People are assumed to be largelyresponsible for their actions.

Although, we sometimes respondautomatically to events and may attimes be motivated by unconscious


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Shy but intelligent boy His family is not warm and affectionate

Later, Openly expressing emotions is the key feature of

Rogerian therapy

Agriculture, Theology, Graduate studies in psychology

Child guidance clinic in Rochester, New York

Throughout this time, Rogers battled with the established

Freudian approach to psychotherapy and dominant

behavioral influence in academia

Awardee , First annual award for distinguished scientific

contribution in 1956 by the American Psychological

Association

He pioneered Humanistic pschotherapy and popularize

personcentered approach


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PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY

THE HERE AND NOW

THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE

INDIVIDUAL

PERSONAL GROWTH


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Our behaviors represent personalchoices of what we want to do at a

particular moment.

People as Active Shapers of their own

lives, with freedom to change limitedonly by physical constraints


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The typical goal of humanisticpsychotherapy is for clients to accept

that they have the power to do or to bewhatever they desire.


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We cant be fully functioning individualsuntil we learn to live our lives as they

happen.

You can live life fully only if you live it in

here and now

Today is the first day of the rest of your

life.


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No one knows you better than yourself.

Humanistic Therapists try to understandwhere clients are coming from and

provide what clients need to helpthemselves.


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During the course of the therapy, clientscome to understand themselves and

develop an appropriate strategy forresolving their problems.


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Whether one calls it a

growth tendency, a

drive toward self-

actualization, or a

moving directional

tendency, its the

mainspring oflife

Carl Rogers

There is more to life thansimply having all of yourimmediate needs met.

People are motivated tocontinue theirdevelopment in a positive

manner


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If left alone, unencumbered by lifesdifficulties, we eventually progress

toward some ultimately satisfying state ofbeing.

Carl Rogers referred to this state asbecoming a fully functioning individual.


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According to Carl Rogers

The good life is a process, not a state of

being. It is a direction not a destination.

Rogers maintained that we naturally strive o

reach an optimal sense of satisfaction with

our lives.He called people who reach this goal

fully functioning.


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They are open to their experiences

They learn to trust their feelings

They are not insensitive to the needs ofothers but they are not overly concernedwith meeting the standards of behaviorsociety sets for them


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They are less prone to conform to theroles dictated by societal expectations

They experience their feelings moredeeply and intensely than others

They accept and express their anger


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Anxiety and defense

Rogers proposed that we receive thisthreatening information at a levelsomewhere below consciousness.Rogers called this processsubception

rather than perception.


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Defense

Distortion is the most common defense

When the gap between self-concept andreality is so large that even our defenses are

inadequate, in this case, people experience

astate of disorganization.


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Most of us grow up in an atmosphere of

conditional positive regard

We incorporate into our self-concept

only those aspects that are likely to winthe approval of significant people in ourlives.


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The antidote is unconditional

positive regard

We know we will be accepted

and loved no matter what we do


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Therapists job is not to change the client butto provide an atmosphere within whichclients are able to help themselves.

Therapist cannot possibly understand clientsas well as clients understand themselves.

Clients rather than the therapist areresponsible for changing themselves.


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After a successful Rogerian Therapy, clients shouldbe more open to personal experience, more ableto accept all aspects of themselves, and thereforeless likely to use defenses when encountering

information that threatens their self concept.

In short, they should be more fully functioning andhappier people.


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Proper therapeutic relationship

Open and Genuine. Being honest withclients.

Unconditional positive Regard Process of reflection. One technique is to

restate the clients statements.


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Deficiency Motives

Results from lack of something neededobject. Basic needs such as hunger and thirstfall into this category

Growth needs

Are not satisfied once the object of the needis found rather, satisfaction comes fromexpressing the motive.


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PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS These include hunger, thirst, air, and sleep.

SAFETY NEEDS These include the need for security, stability,

protection, structure, order, and freedom fromfear or chaos.


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BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEEDS

The need for friendship and love Two Kinds of Love

D-love is based on deficiency motive

B-love is based on growth need

ESTEEM NEEDS Two basic types:

The need to perceive oneself as competent and

achievingThe need for admiration and respect


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NEED FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION

This is satisfied when we identify our true selfand reach our full potential.

What a man must be, he must be. He must

be true to his own nature


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Self-actualized people tend to accept

themselves for what they are

They admit to personal weaknesses, and

they work to improve themselves

where they can

But because of this self-acceptance,they dont spend a lot of time

worrying or feeling guilty about the

bad things they have done.


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They are not perfect, but they respect and

feel good about themselves for what

they are.

Less restricted by cultural norms andcustoms than the average person.

They express their thoughts and desires in

the way that suits them, regardless of

whether society approves.

Self actualized people often dress differently,

live differently, and spend their free time

differently than the typical citizen.


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They are very perceptive

Creative. Maslow called this asself-

actualizing creativity .Relatively few friends

Have a Philosophical, unhostile sense of

humor

The tendency to have peak experiences.


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1. Nonpeakers

They are the social improvers, the politicians,the workers of society, the reformers, the

crusaders

2. Peakers

They tend to be less conventional and moreconcerned with abstract notions. Theyare more likely to write the poetry, themusic, the philosophies and the religions.


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What makes people happy?

So, where does one find happiness?

Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

maintains that opportunities for happiness liearound us in the everyday, routine activitiesthat fill our lives.


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Because people typically describe a feeling ofbeing caught in a natural and almost effortlessmovement from one step to the next,Csikzentmihalyi refers to these moments as Optimal

Experience.

Other psychologist refers to his as Flow.


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True happiness comes when we takepersonal responsibility for finding

meaning and enjoyment in our ongoingexperiences. That is, we cal enjoy life toits fullest by discovering what makes usfeel alive (i.e., optimal experiences) and

then doing it.


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Activity

Think for a moment of two or three careersyou would like to have someday(or maybeyou are already work at one of these)

What makes it appealing or what do youhope to gain?

Which of the five levels of needs will yourchosen occupation satisfy??


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Rearranging an organization to helpemployees satisfy higher level of needs.


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This procedure allows therapist to seediscrepancies between clients images

of themselves and the person they wouldlike to be.

Improvement is seen when clients closethe gap between their real and ideal self


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Documents

Systems Theory Humanist Report