Szonyi 2009 on the Italian Renaissance

8/9/2019 Szonyi 2009 on the Italian Renaissance

1/20

From Botticelli to Tiziano

Masterpieces from Two Hundred Years of the Italian Renaissance

Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest

2009


2/20

T h e W o r l d o f T h e I T a l I a n r e n a I s s a n c e 19

T h e n o T I o n o f T h e r e n a I s s a n c e

a n d I T s h I s T o r I o G r a P h Y

F v t, h hv d tht th R-

w vtd b th Sw ht Jb

Bkhdt h Te Culture o the Italian Renais-

sance, pbhd 1860.1 I t, h bwd th

t Renaissance h Fh , J

Mht, wh 1855 History o Franceth v

th tth d xtth t w ttdLa renaissance. H d th ph dv

th wd d ,2 whh Bkhdt th

dptd t th It qttt d qt.

T th th bk w th tt

wk t, th dvpt th dvd, th

vv tqt, th dv th wd d

, t d tv, d .

It t tht Bkhdt w th R-

thh th t h w . I th t-

dt t h bk h kd: h , p-

hp, th t v vt pt d-

t pt; d tt vt whh

th th w, d wh t

t wk , t vdb tht dvd

jdt d hd t v t bth

th wt d th d. I th wd p

whh w vt, th pb w d dt

; d th td whh hv vd

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t bth vt Ep d th

tt d . Cd th wd d

ph td, d, d xhbt-xp-

: th dv tqt, -td wd

vw, th It : Btt, Ld, d

Mh; th t Pth d th p

Shkp; th th vt C-

b d th t vt Cp;

ht hhp d wtht t; pd,t t, hh ; Rt, pt,

w. It t pd pt: th

R w th d h d q,

t hd t t hv t -

td.

T xhbt v th t,

bt, d wd th It R t

th tt vt; d wh j th t-

h th tt d tt t

bth th , w dvd t k bk

t th t pd ht pptv

d t th tvt tht td th t-

t th t t th t wk. A,

t wth tk t t d th w

whh bqt t hv t -

tptd th hvt th R, d

hw th hv ttd th t th w t-

t d tt wd.

h Wd th It R

G y r g y E . S z n y i

Pesellino

Episodes rom the Story

o Griselda: Gualtieri

and the Citizens o Saluzzo

(detail)

ca. 14451450

Accademia Carrara,

Bergamo


3/20

20 G y r G y E . S z n y i

pt txt th d pd d

th b th ht.6

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th t v h.7

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(Ad H, b K).8

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th R w p-

b tptt. At th t h db-

t phd tht h kd t th R

j p t h w t. H pptd

dvd th hk th w d

w d tht hd ttd th p tht

d t th Ehtt, t b, d t th

d th tth-t b. H -

tt t dv th d h w vt

dtd wht h d d wtd t d th It R. T b d h

h t bqt ht, bt t-

d, wh tv d p hh v-

d, t t b Bkhdt tttv -

t ht.

Ath ht Bkhdt txt tht

h pt td d t

dvpt td It. H bvd tht th bk

wth th dk d t th Md-

d A w hvt It d t pp.4

It t p tht h dd th vv

tqt t b th t ptt t th

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b ttd t h wd d px

d. I h t wk th R, M-

t L. K dvd h pph t thp, dt R , d,

.5 T t ttd t th

vv tqt, d d. T -

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Vt), d th t t t t tb p-

pt w P Ok Kt. d, Ath

Gt t th tdt, dd th -


4/20


th t t, d whh tk -

h wk t b vvd.

Pth wk d th dt th tw

t td R tt.Arica, h p

p Lt, h tt d tt k h th

pt h, wh h It pt p-

d v t t. H bk (Can-

zoniere) th t j v tpt t hv

bk w dv pt d ttt th

vt w v. T h td

th h Pth, v tht dtd

Ep pt v tw hdd . T d-

vpt th t , t dd t b

th t pt tt,

d t Pth.13

Yt Pth t ptt wth t -

b pht. O Ap 26, 1336, th pt

d h bth bd th tp Mt Vtx

Av. Wht d th Ap vt th

dtd dpt h tvt d t

h tt: h w t dv b d t h

th kwd, th, sola videndi insignem loci

altitudinem cupiditate ductus t d t

th ttd th p.14

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t th b th dv t d

t dvd pbt. Hwv, q

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tp. O h hd tk th vw, h d tht -

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dtt h w . H tk St A-

t Conessions h pkt d t pd t th

w txt: M t d th hht -

t, th t d th , th h th ,

d th bt th t, d t thv. 15

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th tqt d t tpt th

R t th dt : I w -

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phph tht th db bt th ;

t t wh t t, th t.16

d d pt th Ctt.10 T t

pt t th htph

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th R bd, p-Ep ph-

.

T h e o r I G I n s o f T h e r e n a I s s a n c e

T th R hd dbtd b

ht d Pth (F Pt, 1304

1374), pt b t Ft x

A. t h, h w th t ht.

Pth d wk d t t v bt whh dd th dt

bt d pht th R.

I 1345 Pth dvd t tt

b C, whh d h th bd

d ht pt tt. A t, h

b t t d dt h w pt xh-

, vt pp th wd t.

w th tt ddd t C h.

I th t h dd th R th w

d d d, p qtd:

Y tt I ht d dt; d -

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I d I d t h bd v, O M

, thh ph thht

d . I hd kw hw xt d

hv pvd th; t t I w t wht

t d v .11

Wh Pth ttd C h tp

d hb, h w th t t t th t d th th t CE tht dvd -

tqt h w . Pth d t th

pd tt dd b th

dk dd ph, th medium aevum,

bt tht ht t - th bv

Lth.12 Pth tttd v tht h dvd

th pdx ht t, tqt


5/20


t d Cht pt, bt d

p tt, t wd t

pd . I tt th , whh bd

t b d, v h th w!18

Giorgio Vasari, It, 1550: F hv

wht w At, b, bd t

th tt hht, d hw tt b

h t tt , d tht, q,

th t th t t tht th th,

whh, k h bd, hv th bth, th

w d, d th dth; th w w b b

t th p h d

bth [il progresso della sua rinascita]d tht v

pt wht h h t.

19

Loys Le Roy, Fh, 1575: Nw, jt th tt,

k, Mk, d P hv b th v-

dw t th Et th , w hv

h th Wt th t tw hdd -

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bk th td th dp t th hd

d xthd. T td dt

d h d t h tht

td th b pd t th t d

t tht v w.20

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tht th pp th tth d xtth -

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whh p td th vv

t d t. Athh th dd t th t

R, V xp rinascita b -

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d d tt pd d v-

t -xt th t bd wt

tqt? T qt b v t

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t th thd btw th p

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xp th R, tht t .

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dt wh h w t v. T h t

bt th t tqt, th h dd

t b poeta laureatus. Idd, 1340 h vd

tw vtt, bth k t h h h

pt: th t w th t t dv

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th St R. I th d h h th tt

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pd th Pth hd. S h

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t. Pth b vw ht tqt

d th Mdd A w dvpd t tp-

tt pt: t th medium aevum th vd

w d ph, th Pth w.

A t qtt d-

tt th vw:

Marsilio Ficino, It, 1472: Wht th pt

th , d, , v, d

d. I th w t t b d, t

bd dbt tht , whh b th d

tt dt p. Tt h t th

h wh wh t d th t

dv th t w hd dbt. F

th t, k d , h td t ht

th b t whh w t xtt.17

Erasmus o Roeram, Dth, 1517: I tpt

th pph d , d w

th d p, hd b p-

t, dvt th t th pt

p . I d t dt hp tht t


6/20


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th b pw b d th t

d tthd th pt Mdt

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d t d th h t wt Et

x pdt. B th twth t, -

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tpt d pp th Cht t d

tt btw Ep d

th H Ld w tv b, d th

tvt w ttd th th It

t G, V, M d F.

d qk btd pdt bth w

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t b ppt wth, th pvd th

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t dvpd t v ptt bk t

tht b th hb th wd. Wth

tbtd t t dvpt d bt

dt, t. T b ttd th

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pw d h h t w:

t R d Pth. Cqt, w t

k: wh dd th tk p? Ad wh dd t tt

It?

T h e c a T a l Y s e r s o f T h e I T a l I a n r e n a I s s a n c e

T th It R w td

th pt d d th p-

d dv pd, t tht d

td. At th th Wt R

Ep 476 CE, th It dd,

th t w dpptd. T ppt R,

xp, tw hbtt t th

t th t p, t 90,000 b th

Pp G th Gt (590 CE), d

35,000 b th twth t. Wh Pth t

vtd R 1337, h w ppd b th d-t d dtt wht hd b th tt

t Eth.

Mdt , whh w t p-

tb tp, t b dtd b Bt

Gk d Ab ht. T t b t

th Mdd A w th t Ct-

tp, Axd, Cdb, Bhdd d D.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Eects o Good Government

in the City(detail)

13381339

Palazzo Pubblico,

Sala della Pace, Siena


7/20


pt pt wth th pb.

A Mt K : F thh th

t vt w pb,

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hkd, bt d w d b

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pt, txp hd th

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b th d h. It t-tt

pt t tw pt p d wh th t

d b p-pptd ghibellinsd pp-p-

ptd guelphs ht t h th,

b t (p F) wk vtd d pt pw w tp

d b thpopolo (12501260). Dt Ah w

p vvd th phhb -

t d w tt d t x. Pth

d td d wthd th t

wth dp d t th t th Bk

Dth bht bt th d 1348.

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bk t t tht-th; th hp b-

t-k, wh b v d d

wk, t ht-; d th wkhp th t-

tt d b wk th t d t -

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whh w b d hh d,

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pth d hp; vt tht th

bth, t wd wk th dd t p.

21

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th pt Ep, td thv -

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t. S b b-

k d qd pt w ptt

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dt th It t th th E-

p d t. Ht th th -

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tt, th b t, whh th -

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pw th t (grandi).22

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tk p wtht t. Ot t b wth th

nouveau riche t t d

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th hd wth th pt pw ptth H R Ep. It t ht

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t t ptt th It t

hd t pttv vt, whh

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vt pb. M t wk, hwv,

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Catalan painter

Te riumph o Death

(rom Palazzo Sclaani)

mid-teenth century

Galleria Regionale della Sic

Palermo


8/20


T h e W o r l d o f T h e Q U a T T r o c e n T o

T It 1400 w qt dt t tht 1350

d b. T v pb w , th

vt d pt t t b-

ttd. B th tth t tw tp

hd td: tt pb d dpt.

B th d th qttt pb

d th d communes th pd

t: F, V, S d L.26 F

th , t t b td tht th t tw b

th d It pb.

I 1268 vt tbhd th d -

pb (secondo popolo) F, whh vvd

t 1494, th t dtthp Sv-. Ad 1410 t pw t th hd

th Md , wh vth, dd, v

tk th tt dk p. T pater

amilias, C d Md vh p-

db h d wth th hp -

tt wb t b th vt

F d d th t t h ppt tht

th d th t v h th tt pater patriae,

th th thd. D t h

Btw 1348 d 1351 th p wpt v

th t pt Ep, k bt h th

Ctt ppt. Wth d 2550

pp dd, th tt It t, w th

v, b -dtd.24

At th pd th Ep It w

t hd b. S ht, h Jh H

J D, hv d tht th pd

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tt , wh th t vd pvt, ,

xt, d t t th htth t

wh t d th Ehtt vd -

kd th t th Bk Dth.25 M -

t td tt th tt vw. S Ch

d th hv d tht th hk d b thp td xp b th tt p-

t t d t-St p d

d t th pd w qk pd b

tt d wpw. Mdv dt td t -

pt h d ph thd t

b th pd. Mp tw

td t t . T th p,

bt pdx, pvd th w th t

w th R t b t.

View o Florence

Hartmann Schedel,

Liber Chronicarum

Nuremberg, 1493,

. 86v87r

Szpmvszeti Mzeum,

Budapest


9/20


bthht, b tv t -

thq pw, b dbd

b N Mhv Te Prince(1513, pbhd

1532). I t t w b th t -

t, kht , wh d pw; th hw

M w d b th ddt hbhp,th Vt, V b th S (S), F-

b th Et, Mt b th G, Ub

b th Mtt.

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p F d th d t-tt

th It d th tt w tthd

1439 wh Pp E IV d

d h. T t htd t th d

t d Ep bt Gk

h, d Gth Pth, wh t

tht t tbtd t t

vv.

V d t Bt d 1000

CE d 1172 th tt tt th doges(dux,

dk) w pd b pb. F th t ,

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t th ht t th t. T -

td k d t: th ttt -

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w d b dd th t.

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V td, , d hpbd.

T tw pb vd h th t, h t h d d; hwv,

th t th R ptd t

th ptt th t-tt tv t td

h th th t hvt.

Bd th pb, b th 1400, t

p dpt, signoria, t

xt.27 p th dtthp w t bd

Jacopo de Barbari

View o Venice

14981500

Museo Correr, Venice

Luciano Laurana

Courtyard o the ducal

palace at Urbino

construction begun

in 1466


10/20


R t, t, d It

t th t-dv t Ep .28

At th pt, w hd d th j

R dvpt th h pb

d th h signoria. T t th tv

p t tht td vvd d vtvt, p t th pd h-

t tt d th pt

txt d t p th b dpdt

ht h. T tp t tvt w

tthd t th t d v vt

th t th vt whh thv d

bt -dv vt. T dv-

ttv V d t dp th Vt,

bt hv w th t, h d t tbh

w dt dpt (1450). T S w

qk ptd th Ep h

tht b th d th tth t j

w pt th hd S dht,h H R Ep Mx I (wh

d B M S 1494), K S-

d I (th Od) Pd (h wd B S

1518). T tt t ttd h t t-t-

Ep , th H Mtth C-

v, wh hd pv d Bt Np.

Bth It q w tt tpt-

Books and scientifc instruments

in a cabinet with the door ajar

(inlaid panel rom the studiolo

o Federico da Monteeltro)

completed around 1476

Palazzo Ducale, Urbino


11/20


D t bv, tht t th wd, t vd th

ht tttv bjt, t ht t

t t ht th w t pt.29

It dt tht pb ht -

t d th d-t-d pt th t-tt. T ht h F

Stt d Ld B w t th

t th h th t. Lt, Mhv

d h d d v, F G-

d th ht, w kw pd b th

vt.30 O th t ptt ht

tvt w pd. I pt th p-

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th dvpt w dp ht h-

hp: txt, t, ht ph, d

w ppt ht. T v p-

t h ptt th d td -vdt. At th t, w tp

d t pt d tht d h d-

t (th tt G Mtt d P d

Md w kw), d dvpd w p-

ph t pt d t. I 1398 C S-

tt, th h th Ft Rpb,

dtd th h wth h w k:

Piero della Francesca

Portrait o Battista Sorza

ater 1472

Galleria degli Ufzi, Florence


12/20


td w pd d (k P P V

h tt, On the Noble Character and Liberal Stud-

ies o Youth 31) d ppt pt th t pt

th w tp pvt h d d.32

Ht td v th thpt th tt vt th qttt.

Wh w pk bt th dvpt th t

R It th ph t th -

pvt techn, h th dv p-

ptv pt, th tph pt th

h d bd, d th v pt.

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tv t-tt tp

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v pt It d v bd t

bd, d tt twk d ptd

th v wk d v, t th t pd th w d. T wht

v th dbbd respublica litteraria, th pb

tt.

O th t t h b d-

ttd th ph dt. Wh vt

th td kwd d dd t

t v dvt, th ht pp-

Piero della Francesca

Portrait o Federico da Monteeltro

ater 1472

Galleria degli Ufzi, Florence


13/20


d Primavera), w-kw xp wh

b t ht hv dtd th d th Ft Npt Ad.

Ath : 1469 B dEt,

dk th Stt F, ttd F d

C t pt th t h h

p, th P Sh. T twk

w t hv d t d th

Gtt Md, M Crucifxion, M-

t Dead Christ, d th ptt P dF d b dp.33

Bd th, hd tk t th

tp vt, h th w v p

th th. T p h pt-

w t pd b d ht. T

th v Btt (Te Birth o Venus

Francesco del Cossa

April(detail):Te Palio di San Giorgio

beore 1470

Palazzo Schianoia,

Salone dei Mesi, Ferrara

(let) Lorenzo Ghiberti

Te Sacrifce o Isaac

(panel or the competition

or the door o the baptiste

in Florence)

ca. 1401

Museo Nazionale

del Bargello, Florence

(right) Filippo Brunellesch

Te Sacrifce o Isaac

(panel or the competition

or the door o the baptiste

in Florence)

ca. 1401

Museo Nazionale

del Bargello, Florence


14/20


ph pt, wh Bh xpd

th dt t th vt. I th d Gh-bt vd th , thh d

tht th p t w . H pd

w th t whh qd b,

th dtt h ptt.37

R, p, dk, tt d dpt

w pt, bt th hh pt

bd t th wh t. C w

v b pp, pt, bbt, hh d -

t; ht, bh, d, v t. T

ptt d t d ttd wk

vtd th tt th t t dtd th t vtd t wth db -

td. T h th pt th v-

tt td htd tht dbt bt

th p th t (ut pictura poesis), d th t-

t t b t dv t.38

T R hd t tt w

th It, p d th V-

t. O hd t t, hwv, bt th th-

d t pt th p th. Np

d S d d kd thht th

pd, t d Av , th wh qd

b th Sph h A. T th

w p bd t ppd

t th td d t vt th

Nth. A th d, th k Np w t w

t bhd th pp hb, b th -

d h th tth t ptt R-

t dvpd h, t. T j pt

tt w pvdd wth dt t d

th p pd b th d -b, P P. T t p-t-

pt th w

tt, d t w Ab Wb th

twtth t wh d dph th

p , w h dv P

tt th hv F.34

T w R htt

d th bd tt th h-

t. N dbt, th It d vv-

bd h th Pth R pvdd

t-hd xp th k t Rhtt d bd. T t t R

htt, Ft d Abt, hwv, d

dvd txt, th tt th R Vtv

(t t CE), wh th td th d d

ppt Gk d R .35

T tt t w th pt t, d

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Palazzo Venezia, the palace

o Pope Paul II in Rome


15/20


(13051378). T w wd b th Gt Sh

(13781415), th wt t whh w

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h th. T pvd 1418 wh Mt V

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Melozzo da Forl

Pope Sixtus IV Appoints

Bernardo Platina Preect

o the Vatican Library

ca. 14761477

Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome


16/20


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r e n a I s s a n c e

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th Md (1494, 1527) d th tt (1512,

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1512, 15151525) d th Sph (1525). Np hd

t: t th Fh xt (1494) th

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w h td pht, wh p t h -

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17/20


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1521) b v t d vt -

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bt, d th -

tht th Sph Rd B (d: 1492

1503) tt dtd th pt th pp d

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td, t w thk t h tht Ep Jw

d d w hd It w xp-

Sp 1492 d Pt 1497.

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Raphael

Portrait o Pope Julius II

1511

National Gallery, London


18/20


T pt d dt w -

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th qt, Mhv d Ct

td t wth dt tt d t

dv. T t F (14691527), wh

d h t dt xpd th k-

pt t, b th hp-d

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tp; hwv, th d dk d

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Jacopo Tintoretto

wo studies ater

the Atlas statuette

ca. 1549

Szpmvszeti Mzeum,

Budapest


19/20


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20/20

n o T e s

1. Bkhdt [1860] 1937.

2. Mht 1855.

3. Bkhdt [1860] 1937, 1.

4. O Bkhdt t

th R dth htph th

R Pt

Bk tdt

Bkhdt [1860] 1990,

115. I H

S 1984, 1422.

5. K 2003, vx.

6. Vt 1859; Kt 1955;

Gt 1997 d 2002.

7. G 1952 d 1969.

8. H 1951; K

1977.

9. T w pph

R h

dttd th w t

ph d t

: Fd d. 2002;

F t . d. 2005;

Mt d. 2007.

10. S v v hv

b pbhd: Ft

M d. 2005[]. A

d t bt

pjt th d

td t

pbhd b P

Fd tht pph

th R v

d vwpt:Fd d. 2002.

11. Pth t C, J 16,

1345. Epistolae amiliares

24,3.

12. Pth,Arica, x, 553.

13. O Pth hvt

th: Mtt

1993.

14. Pth t D

d B S Sp,

th d

th t,

Pt 1955, 830.

Eh : Kt

1964, 14.

15. T p th

Conessions At

qtd Kt 1964, 16.

16. Kt 1964, 16.

17. F, T Gd A

F, R

MLh 1968, 79.

18. E, T Gd A

(tt t Cpt),

RMLh d.

1953, 81.

(1958, 1969) t

pd.

31. V (13701444)

th th th t

ht dt wk.Ettd De ingenius

moribus et liberalibus studiis

adolescentiae, t w

ddtd t th

F C,

th dpt Pd.

32. T tw t

ht h w

dd b Vtt

d Ft Mt

d G G

(1429) F. A

th, th H

N-Lt pt, J

P tdd G h

b t

th Uvt Pd.

T t pvt

d w pd

F b L

M d hdd

b th phph

M F.

O hd t

th Pt Ad

R whh hd

th d h

th tth t (

G 1964; K 2003).33. A vtv

th hvt

R pt

Stp 2006.

34. Nw td th

th Palazzo Schianoia

wth th bbph

t: Bt 1999;

Brussels1996. S

th hpt Wb

kj [T

Iph Wb],

S 2004, 6769.

35. Ft (At d Pt

Av, 14001467),

rattato di architettura;

L Bttt Abt

(14041472),

De re aedifcatoria (1452).

O th htt

th qttt

Hdh 1996;

CdR d. 2007.

36. O th R

pt t

Wk 1993.

19. Qtd th th

Pt Bk, 1964, 4.

20. L R, T Ex

T A, h

De la vicissitude ou varitdes choses en lunivers,

RMLh d.

1953, 91.

21. Bdtt D,

T Ppt F,

RMLh d.

1953, 16567.

22. T t btw

dv bt d

th th R

dd v 4

th It hdbk

td :

FhGdthwt

M d. 2007. Fth t b

d HLw 1989,

2975; Bk 2002; K

2003, 2231; Nj 2004,

124204; F 2007.

23. K 2003, 2324.

24. Ch 2007, 6971.

Vt d ht

p t td htd

dbt th p w

th th bb

p kw

tth-t

pd, t

A.25. T t j, dv-

tp p ht M

1720. S D

1983; H 1996.

26. T ht

R F

d V b d

Bk 1983 d L

1973.

27. F phv v

th dvpt

It t-tt,

Mt 1979.

28. O th S

Lp 2003; C 2000.

29. Ltt Stt t

th h B,

P Zb.

Qtd b K 2003, 81.

30. T t p-t-dt

pph t th

qt h

b d th t

b Rbt Bk (1998).

E G d

v h

37. Stp 2006, 23.

38. T tt th t

t d t

th p pt

b Ldwt (F 1992).

39. T ht Fdd,

pp kw,

Ft, w wtt

b L V,

th tt It

ht: Laurentii Valle

Gesta Ferdinandi regis

Aragonum ( V [1520]

1973). O Fdd:

Pt 1969; th

ht th th

It R:

Ab 2004.

40. O R R xp: Ptd

1996; tp

h d dt

th R pp

I 1890;

P 1988; Pt

[1479] 2008[];

Vp 1963.

41. G 1964, 432.

42. Bw 2004, 24647.

43. S Pt 2004.

44. O Mhv Sk

1996; Ct B

2000.

45. G 1964, 433.46. O M th

xp th

th R

H 1965 d K

1971. T d t

tt M w

t dbd b Dvk

19211922. A th

ptt wk

tt ht:

P 1975.

47. Mt d. 2007, 23.

48. F t . d. 2005, 1.

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Szonyi 2009 on the Italian Renaissance