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T-cell & B cell receptors – role in immune response
&
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Lecture 64/10/2015
Effective Immune Response Requirementsالفعالة المناعية االستجابة متطلبات
I. Lymphocytes
II. Antigen presenting cells (APC)
Lymphocytes display receptors
لألرتباط مستقبالت تحملالغريبة باالنتيجينات
• Specificity• diversity• Memory• Self- Non- Self Recognition
B-Lymphocytesالعظام نخاع في وتنضج تنشأ
Naive B cell + Antigen(Ag) divide and replicate (proliferate)
(BCR)الذاكرة Memory B cell خاليا
الفعالة Effector B cell الخاليا
Plasma cell (antibody secreting cell)
B cell receptor (BCR) = surface antibodies
Plasma cells short livedMemory B cells long lived
B-Lymphocytes activation
الغدة في وتنضج العظام نخاع في تنشأالسعترية
Thymus gland T cell receptor = TCR
TCR Ag molecules on MHC
Ag presentation تقديماالنتجين
MHC-I MHC-II
recognize
T-Lymphocytes
الذاكرة خالياMemory T cell
الفعالة الخاليا Effector T cell
Divide and replicate (proliferate)Naïve T cell + Ag
T-Lymphocytes activation
Structure of T cell and B cell receptors
T cell and B cell receptors
T cell subset & functions
CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic T cell = Tc)
• Cytotoxicity
• Bind antigen associated with MHC- I
CD4+ T cells
• Bind antigen associated with MHC- II
1- T- helper cell (TH2) ….. Helper cells for B cells
2- T- helper cell (TH1)
• Helper cells for cytotoxic T cells.
• Helper cells for macrophage activation
3- Regulatory T cell (Treg cell) …..Regulation & suppression
Antigen Presenting cell (APC)
• Ability to ingest, process and present antigen
• Express MHC class II, co-stimulatory molecules
For example:
1. Langerhans cells 2. Macrophages (MФ)3. Dendritic cells (DC)
4. B cells
Antigen recognition by T cells (1)
• Only recognise cell-bound antigen
• Recognise antigen in association with HLA
CD4+ T cells - Recognise foreign antigenic peptide in
context of self MHC class II (Fig. b)
CD8+ T cells - Recognise foreign antigenic peptide in
context of self MHC class I (Fig. a)
Antigen recognition by T cells (2)
T cells & B cells – differ their methods of antigen recognition
B cells/antibodies can recognise whole native proteins
T cells do not require native protein – recognition of denatured protein is possible
Regulatory T cell (Treg cell)
• Recently described CD4+ CD25+ population
• Depletion results in autoimmune disease
• Suppress both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells
• Regulate T cell responses
• May explain T cell ‘suppression’
Lymphocyte subsets
Activate B cellsand macrophagesT HELPER CELLS
Th
Kill virus-infected cells
CYTOTOXIC TLYMPHOCYTES
CTL
Produce antibodiesPLASMA CELLS
PC
T B
T CELLS B CELLS
CLP
Commonlymphoidprecursor
Major Histocompatibility Complex = MHC
HLA = Human Leucocyte Antigen = Human MHC
MHC structure
MHC peptide binding groove
MHC Class II molecule
• Expressed by ‘professional’ APCs:
MФ, DCs, B cells
• Bind peptides from exogenous antigens
• Peptides are 12-20 amino acids in length
• Restriction element for CD4+ T cells
MHC class I molecule
• Expressed by most nucleated cells
• Bind peptides from endogenously synthesised antigens
• Peptides are 8-11 amino acids in length
• Restriction element for CD8+ T cells
Interaction between T cells and MHC-peptide complex