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COMMUNITYCONSULTATIONTRAININGF A C I L I T A T O R S : M O L L Y G I L M O U R &A M A N D A P T O L O M E Y
P H D R E S E A R C H E R S U N I V E R S I T Y O F G L A S G O W
Scotland in Lockdown
https://scotlandinlockdown.co.uk/
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S ABOUTThis resource was created from a bespoke training delivered inresponse to the challenges faced by community organisationsduring COVID-19: how can effective and appropriate communityengagement be conducted during a pandemic?
Drawing from focus group methods, we hope that this resource willsupport organisations in overcoming some of the challenges inrunning community engagement activities when face to faceinteraction is not possible.
Created in partnership with Amina - Muslim Women's ResourceCentre, Scotland: https://mwrc.org.uk/
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S TRAINING OUTLINEProvide guidance on running communityconsultation focus groups in line with a largerresearch projectBranching from themes that are evident in theorganisation's work Discussing what might work over Zoom What happens after the communityconsultation: working with data
WHY FOCUSGROUPS? Interested in the ways in
which individuals discuss acertain issue as members of agroup, rather than simply asindividuals Can probe each otherfor reasons for holding acertain viewFocus on a theme, ratherthan structured Qs
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FSWide variety of differentviews: challenge eachother’s views (maybe morerealistic accounts) Research participants havemore ‘ownership’ overmethod compared tostructured interviews Focus groups may have arole in allowing the voices ofhighly marginalized groupsof women to surface: Acomfortable co-supportivespace
ADVANTAGESOF FOCUSGROUPS?
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.Complete confidentialitycan't be guaranteed as otherparticipants hear oneanother’s contributions. Can be challenging to bringquieter group members intothe discussion Time can run out quickly, notleaving enough room for allparticipants to share details,this can be frustrating
CHALLENGESOF FOCUSGROUPS?
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Participants may be moreprone toexpressing culturallyexpected views Focus groups can lead tosome participants ‘overdisclosing’ and sharing morethan they feel comfortablewith on later reflection
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CHALLENGESOF FOCUSGROUPS?
ONLINECHALLENGES
TECHNICAL ISSUES ACCESSINGTHE ONLINE GROUP
Do a trial run of tech withcolleagues
CONSIDER HOW TO SUPPORTPARTICIPANTS WHO ARRIVELATE, OR LEAVE UNEXPECTEDLY
Perhaps send a private message onthe chat to help any latecomerscatch up
INTERRUPTIONS, OTHERRESPONSIBILITIES ANDPEOPLE IN THE HOME.
Interruptions are a part of life rightnow: embrace the unexpected!
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ONLINECHALLENGES
ENSURING PARTICIPANTS AREABLE TO HAVE (AS FAR ASPOSSIBLE) A PRIVATE SPACE
Using headphones vs computerspeakers
CONSIDER HOW TO SUPPORTPARTICIPANTS WHO ARRIVELATE, OR LEAVE UNEXPECTEDLY
Perhaps send a private message onthe chat to help any latecomerscatch up
07"The level of discussion and the
quality of the data obtained was
similar to that found in face-to-
face groups"
(facilitator's reflection of focus group)
PLANNING AFOCUS GROUP
Dynamics to Consider
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6-8 people for each group. Smaller groups forcontroversial and complex topics
Participants known to one another or unknown?
Known to one another: existing power dynamics.Taken-for-granted assumptions may leave
things unspoken
Shared background/experience
PREPARING FORA FOCUS GROUP
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Interpreter: Have an interpreter service at the
ready if needed
Translate all key documents (e.g. information
sheet) into main community languages
Topic guide: Pilot this with colleagues in
advance - both as an attendee and facilitator
if possible
PREPARING FOR ACCESSIBILITY
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Creating ground rules/group agreement
Establishing and supporting access needs
Choosing a time that suits participants needs
Technology and participants' access to
devices
Preparing information for participants prior
to the discussion in easy read
CREATING A TOPIC GUIDE 11
DRAW ONEXISITINGKNOWLEDGE ABOUTCOMMUNITY
Themes that throughyour work you knoware important tocommunity
USE OBJECTELICITATION
Activity: select objectin bag/room that hasmeaning and sharethis with the group
FOCUS ONEVERYDAY LIFEAND THE SOCIAL
Stimuli like photosand videos can beused to stimulatediscussion
Moderating aFocus Group
Advice & Tips
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BEGINNING A FOCUS GROUP
INTRODUCTIONS
The purpose of thefocus group, themoderator &participants (if notknown to oneanother)
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RECORDING/USINGA NOTETAKER
Use of co-facilitator tosupport in capturingthe discussion?
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Collect basic informationwhile assuring that alldata will be treatedconfidentially andanonymized
Moderator Role
GIVE OVERVIEW OF THEFOCUS GROUP Provide as much information aspossible in advance of session
CREATE A SAFE &WELCOMING 'SPACE'FOR PARTICIPANTS TOSHARE THEIR POINTSOF VIEWEnsuring all participants havetheir say (if they want to)
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RUNNING A FOCUS GROUP
QUESTIONS
Start withOpen-endedquestions
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STIMULI
Stimuli like photosand videos can beused to stimulatediscussion
NONVERBALCOMMUNICATION
Pay attention, thiscan be challengingonline
Moderator Role
MINIMAL INVOLVEMENTWhat may appear to be digressionsmight reveal something of interest tothe group participants. Getting accessto what individuals see as important
MINIMAL INVOLVEMENTIntervene when the group isstruggling in its discussions
RESEARCH QUESTIONResponding to specific points that areof potential interest to the researchquestions
‘ONE AT A TIME’Otherwise it will make the audio-recording impossible to decipher
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IF YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE
‘can you tell me more about...’‘that brings me back tosomething you said earlier’‘that makes me think of’‘can we pick up on’
FACILITATING PARTICIPANTCONTRIBUTIONS
"I’d like to hear more from X, X doyou have anything to contributehere?"
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GENTLYSTEEERING
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Bringing up a potentiallysensitive topic:
‘some people have told uslockdown and social
distancing has made themfeel anxious, depressed,
lonely, isolated – have youbeen impacted in this
way?'
AT THE END:
Revisit confidentiality andvoluntary participation
Summarise key points
Ask participants if anything hasbeen missed in the summary, or ifanything not discussed should beadded in.
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SCOTLAND IN LOCKDOWN.CO.UK
This training was completed as partof the CSO research project 'Heathand Social Impacts of COVID-19Suppression on Vulnerable Groups'
Facilitators:[email protected]@Glagsow.ac.uk
Twitter: @ScotLockhttps://scotlandinlockdown.co.uk/
THANK YOU
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