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Chiral05, February-17-2005, RIKEN. Further experimental search for strange nuclear systems Kbar Nuclear Clusters from QGP to QGB Quark-Gluon Plasma Quark-Gluon Bound System. T. Yamazaki (RIKEN) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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T. Yamazaki (RIKEN)Y. Akaishi (KEK), A. Dote (KEK),
M. Iwasaki (RIKEN), T. Suzuki (Uni Tokyo), P. Kienle (IMEP, Vienna), K. Suzuki (TU, Munich),
N. Herrmann (Heidelberg )
Further experimental search for strange nuclear systems Kbar Nuclear Clusters from QGP to QGB Quark-Gluon Plasma Quark-Gluon Bound System
Chiral05, February-17-2005, RIKEN
Unique features of kaonic nuclei* I=0 KbarN pair attraction
* condensed nuclei
Non-existing nuclei: Normal nuclei : strongly bound K- (narrow) weakly bound K- (broad) (pp)S=0,T=1, (pn)S=0,T=1 d: (pn)S=1,T=0
(ppp)S=1/2, J=3/2-, T=3/2 t: (pnn)J=1/2,T=1/2
(ppn)S=1/2,J=3/2-,T=3/2
** condensed: large spin-orbit splitting: p3/2 lowered
** large internal nucleon energy: EN >>0
** K- potential: very deep EK = E - EN <<0
--->> Relativistic correction: energy pushed down
Nuclear KNN bound states_
nnK- ⊗
dK- ⊗
ppK- ⊗
⎭⎬⎫
⎩⎨⎧ + == 10
4
3
4
12 TT vv
⎭⎬⎫
⎩⎨⎧ + == 10
4
1
4
32 TT vv
{ }12 =Tv
T = 3/2 Unbound
T = 1/2 Above the *+n threshold
T = 1/2 E = -48 MeV = 61 MeV
S = 0
S = 1
S = 0K- (pn) S=0,T=1
Iso-doublet
Strange dibaryon
Modified --->> ~ -90 MeV
Observed (FINUDA) ~ -90 MeV?
Population mechanismRole of 1405
FINUDADoorwaycontinummfragmentationp1405
ppK-
KEK E471
S1(3140)
S0(3115)
Key issues
Experimental signatures for high density? ECoulomb, Els, decay particle correlation,…
Formation channel vs Decay channel Invariant mass spectroscopy + d, + p + pDibaryon system: (pp)T=1K-, (pn)T=1K-
Double strangeness systems: ppK-K-, pppK-K-,..Toward multi-strangeness high-density matter heavy-ion reactionsQGB with K-: kaon condensation
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E = ENucl shrunk: >>0
+ EK deep
Nuclear Shrinkage ?
Coulomb displacement energy EC (1,1) - (1,-1)
= 0.1 MeV for NNNK-
= 2.1 MeV for a normal
charged sphere (A=3)
LS splitting p1/2-p3/2
ELS ~ 60 MeV!!
Calculatedspectral shape(Akaishi)
T = 1.5 GeV/c
* compound
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4He(stopped K-,p)K-pnn (T=1)
Mc2 = 3117 MeV, ~20 MeV BK =190 MeV
4He(stopped K-,n)K-ppn (T=0,1)
Mc2 = 3140 MeV, ~ 20 MeV BK = 170 MeV
Discovery of K-NNN Bound States at KEK M. Iwasaki et al. 2004
p3/2-p1/2
Decay pattern from a dense system
Strong momentum correlation in 3-body decay
ppK- ---> p + ---> p + + + -
pppK- ---> p + p +
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d
K ~ freeze-out ~ 10 fm/c
Search for K- clusters as residues in heavy-ion reactions
• High-density medium accommodated in QGP fire balls• Deep self-trapping centers of K- produced in fire balls• Slightly delayed decay after the freeze-out: K > freeze-out• Invariant-mass spectroscopy for decay fragments Single-K- ppK- ---> + p ppnK- ---> + d pppK- ---> + p + p ppnnK- ---> + t pppnK- ---> + 3He Double-K- ppK-K- ---> + pppK-K- ---> + pppnK-K- ---> + d
FOPI at GSI from Kutsche (PhD) 1999
Superb identification
Invariant-mass spectroscopy in H. I. Reactions1.9 GeV/u Ni + Ni
Minv(d+) = 3140(17) [ppnK-]T=0
Jaffe’s H di-baryon? uud-ubar-s-ubar-s-uud not uuddss ?
ppK-K- fragment expected at 10 GeV/u c.m.
ppppK- pppK-K- ppppK-K-Results of extremely proton-rich kaonic nuclei
K- added K- added
Proton
Proton
added
added
3 fm 3 fm
3 fm3 fm
pppK-
total B.E. 96.7 MeVE(K) 96.7 MeV
Γ 12.5 MeV
Rrms 0.81 fmρmax 9.2 ρ0
pppK-K-
total B.E. 205.7 MeVE(K) 102.8 MeV
Γ 51.9 MeV
Rrms 0.65 fmρmax 21.6 ρ0
ppppK-
total B.E. 75.1 MeVE(K) 75.1 MeV
Γ 161.8 MeV
Rrms 0.92 fmρmax 9.9 ρ0
ppppK-K-
total B.E. 217.3 MeVE(K) 108.7 MeV
Γ 41.2 MeV
Rrms 0.73 fmρmax 14.1 ρ0
tentative
3He(K-,K+)X @ 1.8 GeV/c AGS E836
n: 3170-pn: 3199pppK-K-: 3422n: 3752
3000 MeV
3400
3800
n: 3170
-pn: 3199
pppK-K-: 3422n: 3752
Yield: Prediction by chemical equilibrium model: A. Andronic and P. Braun-Munzinger, priv.comm., 16/10/03
ObservedCombinatorial background R = S/N = BR(Kppn -->d)YKppn
/(YYd) ~ 0.004
Y~ 0.15, Yd ~ 2
BR(Kppn->d) ~0.1(assumed)
Thus,
Observed : YKppn ~ 0.012
ppK-K- expected at 10 GeV/u cm
Prediction: YKppn ~ 0.01
Strangeness at high nuclear densities
Nuclear incompressibilityis overcome by the Strong K--p attraction
At high density K- matter [K- p] + [K- p] + …+ n +… may be more stable
Schematic Spontaneously, dynamically organized high density matter without the aid of gravity!
Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
[GeV]
0 2 3 4 5 6 71
/0
K/N=1/2
K/N=1
K/N=3/2-
-
-
p =uud av.
K =us- -
Implication of KEK exp: BKppn
(obs) = 173 MeV BKpnn
(obs) = 195 MeV--->> enhanced KN in medium by 14%Chiral symmetry restoration?
Deeply bound -
--->> enhanced N by 35%
MN < EKN < M: no strong decay, but weak decay:
--> Metastable: nsec
EKN < MN: absolutely stable:
Strangelet, strange star
QCD phase transition
Kaon condensation
Quark Condensate diagramKaonic Nuclei: High density, T=0; Quark Phase
• Quark-Gluon Bound System
• Energy contour??
• Ground state energy??
K-psubar-uud
no hard coreubar-u
attraction
Nucleon radius: rN ~ 0.8 fm
Nucleon volume: vN ~ 2.1 fm3
Nucleon density: N = 1/vN
~ 0.47 fm-3 ~ 2.8 0
Compaction factor: 0/N~ 1/2.8
--> critical density
UK(r)=Ecore(r) + UK-core(r)
K- clusters Cold, dense & microscopic nuclear systems a New Paradigm - QGB - so far untouched
chiral symmetry restoration? quark-gluon phase? exotic nuclear dynamics, strange matter/star, kaon condensation,……
Monoenergetic protons at 510 MeV/c
Tamura et al. Yield of 4
H 4He/7Li ~ 1/4 Yield of 4
He 4He/7Li ~ 1/3
FINUDA Yield of 4He
FINUDA from 7Li,… KEK E471 from 4He
Relativistic effect
(K -, p, p) invariant mass
0p p
mp+ mp+ mK- = 2370mp + m = 2054
Cos(p) < - 0.86
-240
-220
-200
-180
-160
-140
[MeV] pppK-
ppnK-
pppnK-
ppppK-
6BeK-
9BK-
6BeK-+pnn
ppppK-+2n+p
+2n
+2p+n
+p+2n
D2 bubble chamber experiment
d + K- ---> ps + 1405 + -
“n” + K- ---> 1405 + -
Evidence for ppK- (1976) decaying to p + ???!!! ps: high momentum component Minv(distributed
Missing mass of (K-,-) ?Invariant mass of p +
Proposed FOPI experiment (I) d + 4 GeV p ---> p + * + K0 + p (~10 nb/sr) ( --> p* + K0 + p ) --> ppK- + K0 + p missing mass
ppK- --> p + invariant mass
1405=* cascade reaction in 4HeInitial p + “n” -->* + K0 + p * + “ppn” -->*pp + n --> pppK- + n “nK0” + “ppn” --> ppnK0 + n (“Kaon Transfer”) pppK- ---> p + p + (invariant mass) * + “ppn” -->*pn + p --> ppnK- + p “pK-” + “ppn” --> ppnK- + p (“Kaon Transfer”) ppnK- ---> d + (invariant mass) * + “pn” -->*p + n --> ppK- + n ppK- ---> p + (invariant mass)
Small momentum transfer (soft landing)
pppK- momentum (MeV/c)
1405 kinetic energy (MeV)
