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t50.1 ( i fS f
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCEBUREAU OF STANDARDS
George K. Burgess, Director
LIBsARYMISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION OF THE
BUREAU OF STANDARDSNo. 71
(Issued November 21, 1925)
Price per copy, 10 cents
COMPRESSIBILITIES OF GASES
Graphs for Computing the Compressibilities of Air, Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, Methane, Neon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen,and for Computing the Volumes Delivered from Cylinders Containing Argon, Helium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, andOxygen at High Pressures
The following graphs from Circular No. 279, The Rela-
tions Between the Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities ofGases, have been reproduced on a larger scale in order that
they may be used for obtaining numerical values. Thegraphs showing the factors for computing the compressibili-ties of gases up to pressures of 200 atmospheres contain
nearly all of the published data covering this range of tem-perature and pressure, and the curves are drawn according
to what appear to be the most probable values. The graphsindicating the volume of gas delivered from a cylinder con-
training the gas at high pressure have been computed forcylinders having a volume of 1.528 cubic feet, which is thevolume of the so-called "200-foot" cylinder. For a cylinderof any other capacity the volume delivered would be pro-portional to the volume of the cylinder. In other words,the figure obtained from the graph should be multiplied by
V , where V is the volume (in cubic feet) of the cylinder1.528in question.
LtNTENTS
273.1Graphs 1 to 8. Values of the factor 7-pc plotted against the
pressure, where T is the absolute temperature (*C.), p the
pressure in atmospheres, and v the volume, which is unity at0* C. and 1 atmosphere of pressure-----------------------
Graph 1. Air--------------------------------------------Graph 2. Argon------------------------------------------Graph 3. Helium-.. ------ .----- -------------- --Graph 4. Hydrogen ___----- __----------------- __Graph 5. Methane---------------------------------------Graph 6. Neon-------------------------------------------
I Prepared by S. F. Pickering, Associate chemist.66339--25t
Page
2-9234567
Graph 7. Nitrogen - --- -- __-_-.---- -- _ _Graph8. Oxygen-- - ---- --. .- - -Graphs 9 to 13. Volume (measured at 680 F. and 1 atmosphere)
of gas delivered from a cylinder containing the gas at highpressure_------------------------------------------------
Graph 9. Argon------------------------------------ -Graph 10. Helium----------------------------Graph 11. Hydrogen-----------------------------Graph 12. Nitrogen-____---_____- -Graph 13. Oxygen---------------------------------------
metadcl00682
ii
//
Page89
10-141011121314
1
I
f I
.090
1.000
I.,070
1.000
1.050
1.040
El
1.030
0 _
.02i
1.010
1.000
.990
.970III I I
D-I
ii
2
-K
50 C
I Q
p-
- -- ii=
L5.7 C
0
0CE
I- I
--- ,~ -- l i n ~ l f
4 0 50 -70 00 90 100 110 I20130 14UU I IU uu iW iw ,
PAE55UPE [ATMOSPHERES,
FIG. 1.-The compressibility factors for air
2
D
zoo.4 c
AIR
] A AMAGAT 1393O HOLBORN AND 5EHULTZE 19 I5O PENNING I9 24
- --
mtp ..-. rte .. n IrJn I7f7
-1J_
lill 111,4101111 11111 11 11111 111 1110 I I I I I I E I 1 ,I/' I P 4-i i I I i i i i i ii
r i r Tr
]
]
-t7
I
i 7nirnnn 160 I90 30
-~
31. DEN
I.OEI
1.011
1.001
.gg1
PRESSURE [ATMo5PMEnES
FIG. 2.-The compressibility factors for argon.
-LE--- - - - --
D
150
00
-005 -
ANIG I
a Q M5Y AD T AE2001 ---
'AIi U4 50 1 0
00K
.971
a
1J
.950:
.940
.930
VV 11-1 iuuILiu au
0.o 56
.0541
1.0500
.0 480
.0460
.0440
.0420
1.0400
.0300
.0340
1 .0300
.0280
.0260
.0220
1.0200
.0180
10160
.0140
.0120
1.0100
.0080
.0060
.0040
.0020
1.0000
.g980
0
2I
0
/
D/
- - - -- HELIUM
0 Of -F- _ ~119070 hoLBO~ri ANiD 5CHULTZE 1915
- -- - -- ---- I ----- _0MIBRrI DOT OIZ
7n o-- -MEMMMMMMMMM MMM
JO 20 30 40 50 60 70 t
ABSOLUTE RE55tJR. IN ATMOSPHERES
Fia. 3.-The compressibility factors for helium
00 90 100
4
---.-.--. --------------.--------------. --- o"
- - - - -H1'
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MM
MEMEMEEMEMMMMEMMMMMMM---7----MMEM
KI-(U
0cr
F-.UQ
/1
I
HIHI!
J
I
iii
5
I.i
1.1
i.'
1.11
1.0
I.E
1.0
1.o'
1. 00
25 - - - -
20
10
00 1--55 c
99.25 C
]90
200.25 c
70
- -- 20"C
50_100 C
-7-147 Y/Q~
40
A AMAGAT 1893-- CHALKWIJK E 1C too
- - Q0 NNE5 AND HYNDMAN 1902:30 ^ WITKOWSKI 1905
07- -
6
1.040
I.OEO
Int-n-
- - -- - - ----- 2-0
-50 -
5MIT -- -- LJOUBEPT
0 10n P 20 30 0 50 i Bn ir, 7n r,- in In Icu IJU 14 U IU 17 10 10 20gO 1 u u u u -u uu H 12O 130 140 150 100 10 160o 190 20
PPE55LJPE [ATMOSPHERES]FIG. 5.-The compressibility factors for methane
.- t-- a -4--- d-I-l-l 4 l
.96(
Ca .94(
r-
a
0
LI-
.U
.g BB
.Ee
.02C
.740
.7 740
I
71.049
1.0
1.0
1.03
1.0
1.02
0
0
U
Lam .021
I.DI
1.00
1.0o
-J I[ 3 31I I I II I I I I I I I I
-4D- 70I I
Bu0i I I i
9go 100PRESSURE [ATMOSPHERES]
FIG. 6.-The compressibility factors for neon
45-- ---
400
35-- -
30 -
- ---- ----- _ 0-
o -___O
0
c -
Q -
DATA OF UNE5 AND _
15 -- POMMELI I915
--- -- E
EQ flaE
114 - I-1h - - 93H ' ' Ak I I I- I 1 1 24 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 -Am I I I -I- I I -L-JI I I I I I I
II I I I I20 0
1.1o
PRESSURE ATMOSPHERE5]
FIG. 7.-The compressibility factors for nitrogen
1. 0!
I .O(
1.0
10
I.04
8
99.45
NITROGEN
0 AMAOIAT 1893--0O LBOrwN AND OTTO 922
1705MITN AND TAYLOR 192319-_-0C
/ /
i~~
-1-20C-
-7 /
iCD C/
O ,
.0 / /
O00 C- - -- - -
O -
innnna /nnN'!n
0. 0 OOQ/-0
0 0
0 I C
0
C o 0
10 20 3 40 i 5t 50 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1413 1 16 170 100 190 200
N1
0I-L0
1.03
1.02[
3
9
1.035
1.03C
1.02
1.021
1.0151
1.010
1.00E
1.000
.995
99C
.905
.90
.975
.970
.955
950
.955
.950
.9451
.940
.935
.925C
.920
.9150
.9125
50
00
50
]0
50
50
D0
50
5050 00
15. "C
]0
0 -JYL
A/\-, T- .
0 20
0-
C---
0 -
0 ,15 55 C
) -- OXYGE N "aA AMAGAT 1093
lD O DNNES AND HYNDMAN I902 3.0 HOLBORN AND OTTO I922
Q - C KUYPER5 AND ONNE S 19 23
0 -
J 10 if0 JE Q 50 60 70 B 9O 01QQ l 2Q 13 M nIS 111 171 SO141 2 JPRE5sUnE [ATMOSPHEPE5]
Fi. 8.---The compressibility factors for oxygen
0
O-HiLL
n.... vu +u uu
10
2400130 140 150 160 170 160 190 200 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 331
2350
2320
2280
2240
2200
2160
2120
2040
2040
2000
g20
I o1 _
-e/
l/
7T
Ui -
1840
1000
1750
1720
AI- - - 11- t -- -41-4--4-!/Vy--f
/I!/
-A 7/
K7'
L
A
/
777
77A i
A /I Al / F UT /
--f-H
--7
.71<
-77_7i 1 - 1- - 1 - 1 I- 1 -+1 1-4-- V' A 4P--4/-4-/ -1 -4I 4 -- J- . ZI-
"Hi:u -
1460
71
AK
7R
S/I
-I -y
6/y 1 1-
IAA I/A/V I YIXVI
A77/1/Ir/
7/
7/
#1
7/A777
/I!
V17
v 114I i/I44U
A/IY/IlY A/IIII V/lA I I
77- /
H ~7/
ii/
I
77-4
/4
4y
I
7
I
77'4
E
V
P
77
' '-4 -I~IL _I_
i i
7
77
P
__
-Ii
i i
t7
--
0M
7/
in E1 I I
H4-1
27
APJ30FF0.M DATAo OLBORN
AND 5 C.IULTZE
I I I
I I I I
10130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 Z30 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330
VOLUME OF AJR301 DELIVEPLD [UBIC FEET]FIG. 9.-Volume of argon (measured at 1 atmosphere and 68* F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet
x-7
-4
Zr
:3i
U
U,1
'l
U,U,LiaLi0
L7I1600
16 40
1600
1560"'4-"
I
hL
1 I I I I I I I I I I i l l f,--T t-f tom I/I / I / l
-IT--I IILLLL
71 71 V F-F-f I -- I i H
i i i i i i !// AY11111111V V VIPA 1,11 1-4-4-t
-- - I I F I/ A /- 1 L A A A Y_ 1
iOf I 14 I I/ GiL1 1
1 1
Y 1 7f 1 1 1 1 1 - 1- 1 1 1 - 1 1 { iA I /I I /I I I I -I - I II I
-rII
''#'
9 Y 1 / 1 V I d I I I
I I / I I K I Iy I , 1 4 y / v
I
-A
7/-77
4-F
11
A
pf
i
I A Y IAI/l/i vi
11
24od2
ma[
130 140 150 150 170 180 190 200 210 2Z0 230 240 250 E60 270 280 290 30- - - - - - - - -- - - - - -0.U_
Z0 /I
---- - - 3--
D-
310 320
2 0 ofr EYLIDDEi
4,n L 1I1 1I1 1I[I I _II _I // I /Al/I/ VV//VUI //!VfAAl/
0-
0-
o -7H --- -- - - - - - - --0 ----
- -- /----- --------------
- HELIUM
- FROM DATA OF MOLBORNAND 5CHULTZE
--------
I--
123 130 140 150 130 170 I00 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 250 270 260 290 300 310 320
G.J Li.
2260
2240
2200
2160
2120l
20L
C3.U,
0
0.
jrt
0
lJ
200
1950
1926
1640
800
1750
17202
150015002
I550
152E0
1480
1440
1400 1
VOLUME E OF MELIUM DELIVERED [[UBI .FEETFia. 10.-Volume of helium measuredd at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet
14U 4 - I ! I I I I I I I I ! I ! II I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I
i i i i , !! I I F I l I IF I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
M
23
uAVY
1-tul
A/A/A/A/Y// i
12
A -,-120 _130 r40 150f I 170f lFfl Io 1 'nn Pin Pe0 2 1n 2 nan r a ri c-n 1 Iran Pon 'nn ri
233
22E
224
215
212
204
200
19 6
1921
1001
104(
1001
175C
172C
1641
10
15 DC
1520
1400
14412
1400
zap .iL Lu Iu = u U j 4 o o 2 eau ego 30uu Ulu 32
20
40
00,;
00
TEMPERATURE0 oa e OF CYLINDER
0
0
O
0 I- - -A
0
HYDROGEN1
FROM DATA OF HOLEORN
-I I I I 1 i i I 7 I6 I O EIO-2211 230 24n 250 200 27n 0 2 en 00 Rn
) '
Li
Ll
JO'L11
Of
W,Elhi)Or.
VOLUME OF HYDROGEri DELIVERED [[UBIC FEET]FIG. 11.-Volume of hydrogen (measured at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet
31u 3r DU
za
I? 130 140 150 160 170 I8o 190 z0o
IIIiIIIIIIII! I I II Iii I I 111 ~V
13
210 2?D 230 240 25 0 60 270 280 e90 300 31 320
A-tAL/aykLFVH/KyH7E41
2[
-~
21
210 Jc
00
u
U,'0
0
U,U,Wa
0
0 30 EJO 140 0 150 [70 150 19 000I2107220D30Y 24 02 30 Z 60 N O2 7 0 0 3 0VOLUME OF NITROGEN DELIVEED [UBIC FEET
FIG. 12.-Volume of nitrogen (measured at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet
F
.1n
8-- nnF - " Ini gin
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM EMMMMM M10
'40M 9M~g-II= M
MMMMMM~jMIMIMII. 6050
:00MMMIIIIMMMM
MMMMMIMIMM ~ EMPERATU
10 OF EYLSII.MI NDERM
50IMIIIIIIIMMM
20 IIIIIII~MMMM
180IMMIMMMMMM
140 AllMMM M LiM MM M M ~1.00IIIM
III .M .. |..
50MIISMMMIM.IM
40 - -. -IN MM - "
0FO AAO OB 1A O
50MIMMMMIMEM
ZOMIMMMM4!IM
6R
14
4ISO 150 170 180 90f P21fl 2111 220 23 1f2 41 e5n 2Fl 7n 8rP anin 2r, '3D
2351
2320
2201
2240
2240C
25000
150
20
1450
1940
1540
1640
14 B
1440
140 11
~if lo u Cju E4 250 250 270 260 290 30
uTLi
wI~QZ
LflL
uIa-o.
0
TEMPERATURE_. ~~~~~~OF EYL IrDEa -p, L(/ F-/
-OD.-0
50JM D OTTO10 f I =r . -. --
"A / 17. " 30/MM
3 201'M MMINMM
-IMIMMIMMMIL ,tP"yM
0IMMMMMMlMMM
"0jenmnnnnMM
II ./FIMMNIMMIM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
0MMEMMMMMEMM MMMMEMMMMMMOXYGEN'MM
MIIMMI .FROMM DT O OLNM
MMMMMIMMIMAND OTTOM
1. I n Wi n 17n I 111 9n Mn Jr1r In on i--os";; n .. ."...-..
VOLUMUE OF OXYGEn DELIVERED [EuBIc FEETFxa. 13.-Volume of oxygen (measured at 1 atmosphere and 680 F.) delivered from a cylinder whose volume is 1.528 cubic feet
310 3z0 33
yu
IJU 14U IOU iou I iu Itiu IYU zuu
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROMTHE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
10 CENTS PER COPY
v