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No Coffee 1 Cup 2 or 3 Cups

61.1 63.5 62.5

56.465.7 58.667.2 57.766.591.1 91.1 95.146.3 46.3 48.283 85.5 86.453 46.7 46.6

26.4 26.5 26.68.4 8.6 84.8 6.5 10.96.3 10.4 12.7

24.8 21.3 20.57.5 7.5 6.6

1869 1830 1882

1.5 1.4 1.21.9 1.9 1.9

33.1 34.6 36.525.8 26.1 2659.6 58.2 58.1

All No Coffee 3 Alcoholic drinks/day (%)

Currently married (%)College graduate (%)

Median body-mass indexDiabetes (%)

Interquartile range

Use of any vitamin supplement (%)Previous or current use of

postmenopausal

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics

Fruits (servings/day)Vegetables (servings/day)

Red meat (g/day)White meat (g/day)

Vigorous physical activity 5 times/wkPoor or fair self-reported health (%)

Median total energy intake (kcal/day)

Cause of Death

No. of deaths (%)

Table 2. Association of Daily Coffee C

No. of deaths (%) Age-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)

ultivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI

Age-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)ultivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI

Heart diseaseNo. of deaths (%)

Cancer

All causes


StrokeNo. of deaths (%)


Respiratory diseaseNo. of deaths (%)


Injuries and accidents

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1,211 113 (0.5) 186 (0.5)1 0.96 (0.761.21)

te-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 1 0.98 (0.771.24)

850 87 (0.4) 165 (0.5)1 1.10 (0.851.42)

1 1.07 (0.821.39)

685 68 (0.3) 112 (0.3)1 0.95 (0.701.28)1 0.95 (0.701.29)

5,617 546 (2.6) 974 (2.8)1 1.02 (0.921.13)1 1.02 (0.921.13)

All No Coffee

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1 0.79 (0.571.10)1 0.82 (0.591.15)

3,220 422 (2.0) 626 (2.1)1 0.98 (0.871.11)1 1.02 (0.901.16)

No. of deaths (%) Age-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)

ultivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI


Other causes

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4 or 5 Cups 6 Cups No Coffee 1 Cup 2 or 3 Cups

61 60.3 60.9 62.9 62.2

56.665.5 55.964.8 56.165.6 58.166.7 57.566.396.9 97.3 89.8 87.2 93.948.6 48.5 51.3 51.1 52.285.2 83.4 45.4 46.6 46.144.9 37.2 33.9 31.3 3126,7 26.6 25.9 25.8 25.58.1 8 7.4 7 5.2

20.3 34.7 8.1 8.8 15.913.1 11.6 1.8 2.3 3.119.7 20.6 18.2 16.6 16.1

7 9.3 12.2 10.2 8.22007 2175 1444 1432 1463

1.1 0.8 1.8 1.8 1.61.8 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.2

38.3 40.5 25.6 25.6 27.124.4 21.5 28.3 30.1 29.557.6 55.5 68.4 67 67.6

52.4 54.8 55.3

1 Cup 2 or 3 Cups 4 or 5 Cups 6 Cups P Value(N = 33,961) (N = 97,144) (N = 32,084) (N = 10,139) for Trend5049 (14.9) 14,115 (14.5) 4966 (15.5) 1904 (18.8)

0.99 (0.941.03) 1.03 (0.991.07) 1.21 (1.151.27) 1.60 (1.511.69)

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202 (0.6) 492 (0.5) 168 (0.5) 50 (0.5)1.01 (0.801.27) 0.90 (0.731.10) 1.00 (0.781.26) 1.00 (0.721.40) 0.931.02 (0.801.29) 0.88 (0.711.09) 0.87 (0.681.12) 0.72 (0.511.02) 0.02

154 (0.5) 310 (0.3) 107 (0.3) 27 (0.3)0.98 (0.751.27) 0.73 (0.570.92) 0.83 (0.621.10) 0.71 (0.461.10) 0.001

1.00 (0.761.31) 0.75 (0.590.96) 0.80 (0.601.08) 0.60 (0.390.94)

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0.88 (0.641.20) 0.66 (0.500.89) 0.66 (0.440.99) 1.36 (0.832.22) 0.630.93 (0.681.29 0.69 (0.510.94) 0.60 (0.400.91) 0.97 (0.581.61) 0.13

642 (2.0) 1139 (1.7) 295 (1.7) 96 (1.9)0.89 (0.791.01) 0.76 (0.680.85) 0.81 (0.700.94) 0.96 (0.771.20)

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4 or 5 Cups 6 Cups

61.6 61

57.065.8 56.465.396.5 97.252.7 52.643.5 37.828.7 24.325.1 254.5 4.4

31.1 48.13.3 316 15.48.2 10

1540 1642

1.4 1.22.2 2

28.4 29.627.3 23.966.1 62.451.2 45.1

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