Table 1: Levels of seafood-relevant toxic elements (and ... · Web viewCommittees and developed in the first French total diet study (Leblanc et al., 2005)

Table S1: Levels of seafood-relevant toxic elements (and their elemental species of highest toxicological concern) in fish and seafood

Contaminant Matrix Wild/farmed/

processed Origin Levels Min-max/mean/median

MethodLOD/LOQ Reference

arsenicinorganic arsenic aquaculture fish farmed Aquaculture/Taiwan 0-0,5 mg/kg min-max HPLC-HGAAS

LOD/LOQ: nmHuang et al., 2003

inorganic arsenic

aquaculture molluscs farmed Aquaculture/Taiwan 1,13±0,79 mg/kg dw mean HPLC-HGAAS

LOD/LOQ: nm Liu et al., 2007

inorganic arsenic

marine/anadromous fish wild/farmed

Atlantic, Northeast; Europe - Inland waters <0,003-0,008 mg/kg ww min-max

HPLC-ICPMSLOD: 0,003 mg/kg

Larsen et al., 2005

inorganic arsenic

seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean

wild/farmed/processed

All the seafood composite samples from the second FrenchTotal Diet Study (TDS)

<0,04-1,3 mg/kg dw mean

HPLC-ICPMSLOQ: 0,04 mg/kg

Leufroy et al., 2011

inorganic arsenic fish, mollusc farmed

Aquaculture/Denmark<0,08-0,14 mg/kg ww min-max

SPE HG-AASLOQ: 0,08 mg/kg

Rasmussen et al., 2012

inorganic arsenic

seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean wild/processed

A local sampling was performed, according to the standardized totaldiet study (TDS) methodology recommended by internationalCommittees and developed in the first French total diet study (Leblanc et al., 2005).

0,002-0,253 mg/kg ww mean

HPLC-ICP-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Sirot et al., 2008

inorganic arsenic


nm seafood samplesfrom the Norwegian surveillance program on

<0,0006-0,060 mg/kg ww mean HPLC-ICP-MSLOD: 0,0006 mg/kg

Sloth et al., 2005

contaminants

inorganic arsenic marine mollusc wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,001-5,8 mg/kg ww / 0,011 mg/kg ww

min-max / median

HPLC-ICP-MSLOQ: 0,002 mg/kg ww

Sloth and Julshamn, 2008

inorganic arsenic marine fish wild

Atlantic, Northeast

<0,002-0,015 mg/kg ww min-max

HPLC-ICP-MSLOD: 0,003 mg/kg dwLOQ: 0,01 mg/kg dw

Julshamn et al., 2012

inorganic arsenic

freshwater/marine fish, crustacean wild/processed

Large supermarkets in two towns (Texas, USA) <0,001-0,003 mg/kg ww / 0,0005-

0,0019 mg/kg wwmin-max / mean

HGAASLOD: 1-2 ng/g ww

Schoof et al., 1999

total arsenic marine crustacean wild

Atlantic, Northeast 16-43 ww mg/kg ww meat; 14-49 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas; 8,6-47 mg/kg ww gonads

meanEDXRFLOD: 1 mg/kg dw

Barrento et al., 2009a

total arsenic marine crustacean wild

Atlantic, Northeast 11-17 mg/kg ww muscle; 20-24 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas; 12-17 mg/kg ww gonads

meanEDXRFLOD: 0,7 mg/kg dw

Barrento et al., 2008

total arsenic

seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean nm

Local markets, large supermarkets, and grocerystores from six important cities(Catalonia, Spain)

0,99-17,77 mg/kg ww min-max

ICP-MSLOD: 0,05 μg/g ww Falcó et al.,

2006

total arsenic marine fish wild/processed

Atlantic, Northeast2,9-4,9 mg/kg mean

EDXRFLOD: 0,7 mg/kg dw

Maulvault et al, 2012a

total arsenic marine fish wild/processed

Supermarkets from Novi Sad (Serbia)

<0,03 mg/kg ww; 0,43 mg/kg ww mean

GFAASLOD: 0,03 mg/kgLOQ: 0,07 mg/kg ww

Škrbić et al., 2013

total arsenic

marine fish (muscle, liver)

wild Atlantic, Northeast 1,7-44 mg/kg ww fillet; 3,9-50 mg/kg ww muscle

min-max ICP-MSLOQ: 0,02


mg/kg wwtotal arsenic marine fish (liver) wild Atlantic, Northwest 8-110 mg/kg ww liver min-max ICP-MS

LOD/LOQ: nmSonne et al., 2014

total arsenic fish processed

Local markets, big supermarkets, and grocery stores ofReus (Catalonia, Spain)


ICP-MSLOD: 0,100 µg/g ww

Perelló et al., 2008

total arsenic

seafood: fish and mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea 1,30-16,35 mg/kg ww/ 1,93-9,12

mg/kg wwmin-max / mean

ICP-MSLOD: 10 µg/g ww

Nadal et al., 2008

total arsenic marine fish wild

Atlantic, Northeast1,2-46 mg/kg dw / 2,4-31 mg/kg dw min-max /

mean


Afonso et al., 2013

total arsenic marine mollusc wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea 20,7-46,3 mg/kg dw mean GFAASLOD/LOQ: nm

Gavriil et al., 2007

total arsenic

marine mollusc, crustacean wild Asia -Inland waters 3,88±0,39 - 49,2±8,73 mg/kg dw mean ICP-MS

LOD/LOQ: nmZhang et al., 2013b

total arsenic aquaculture fish farmed Aquaculture/Taiwan 0,1-4,4 mg/kg min-max HGAAS

LOD: 0,2 µg/LHuang et al., 2003

total arsenic

aquaculture molluscs farmed Aquaculture/Taiwan 8,48±4,87 mg/kg dw mean HGAAS

LOD: 0,2 µg/L Liu et al., 2007

total arsenic

fish,mollusc, crustacean farmed Mediterranean and Black

Sea <5-200 mg/kg dw min-max GFAASLOD: nm

Fattorini et al., 2006

total arsenic

marine crustacean ( meat, hepatopancreas, gonads)

wild

Atlantic, Northeast 23,8 ± 2,6mg/kg meat; 34,4 ± 10,6 mg/kg hepatopancreas; 50,2 ± 6,7mg/kg gonads

mean


Marques et al., 2010

total arsenic


wild, farmed, processed

Central market and major supermarkets in the cityof Granada(Spain)

0,004-0,739 mg/kg ww median FIAS_AASLOD: 1,59 × 10−4 mg/kg wwLOQ: 5,31 ×

Olmedo et al., 2013

10−4 mg/kg ww

total arsenic

seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean wild/processed

A local sampling was performed, according to the standardized totaldiet study (TDS) methodology recommended by internationalCommittees and developed in the first French total diet study (Leblanc et al., 2005).


ICP-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Sirot et al., 2008

total arsenic marine fish wild/farmed

Indian Ocean, Eastern 0,16-1,8 mg/kg ww / 0,57-0,71 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

ICP-MSLOQ: 0,02 mg/kg

Padula et al., 2008

total arsenic

marine fish (fillet, liver) wild

Atlantic, Northeast <0,02-26,49 mg/kg ww fillet; <0,05 - 35,79 mg/kg ww liver / 1,25-8,63 mg/kg ww fillet; 3,04-5,72 mg/kg ww liver

min-max/ median

GFAASLOD/LOQ: nm Mormede and

Davies, 2001

total arsenic marine fish, mollusc wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea 0,58±0,01 - 6,55±0,06 mg/kg mean ICP-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Das et al., 2009

total arsenic marine fish, mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea 1,528±0,08-11,024±3,957 mg/kg

ww mean

ICP-MSLOD: 0,013 mg/kg wwLOQ: 0,13 mg/kg ww

Copat et al., 2013

total arsenic marine fish processed from market in Gwangju,

Korea1,23±0,20 - 44,54±5,69 mg/kg dw; 0,42±0,07 - 7,14±0,91 mg/kg ww mean ICP-MS

LOD/LOQ: nmIslam et al., 2010

total arsenic

seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean wild, processed

Local markets, small stores, supermarkets, and big grocery stores (Catalonia, Spain)

0,776-11,614 mg/kg ww / 5,483 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean


Martorell et al., 2011

total marine crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast 18-43 mg/kg ww meat; 20-49 mean EDXRF Barrento et

arsenic(meat, hepatopancreas, gonads)

mg/kg hepatopancreas; 11-47 mg/kg gonads

LOD: 0,7 mg/kg dw al., 2009b


Atlantic, Northeast4,1-5,2 mg/kg ww mean

GFAASLOQ: 0,04 mg/kg

Staveland et al., 1993

total arsenic

marine crustacean (meat, hepatopancreas, gonads)

wild

Atlantic, Northeast 47-75 mg/kg dw meat; 43-142 mg/kg dw hepatopancreas; 17-82 mg/kg dw gonads

mean


Teixeira et al., 2008


Mediterranean and Black Sea 0,01-70,9 mg/kg ww / 0,43-5,91

mg/kg wwmin-max / mean

GFAASLOD: 0,01 mg/kg dw

Bilandžić et al., 2011

total arsenic

marine fish, crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast 4,948-10,16 mg/kg ww min-max GFAAS

LOD/LOQ: nm Internal data

total arsenic


Atlantic, Northeast 1,1-190 mg/kg dw; 1,1-95 mg/kg dw / 3,3-134 mg/kg dw; 3,0-41 mg/kg dw

min-max/ mean

ICP-MSLOD/LOQ: nm Raimundo et

al., 2013

total arsenic

marine crustacean muscle ; brown meat

wild, processedAtlantic, Northeast

21-33 mg/kg ww; 15-21 mg/kg ww meanEDXRFLOD: 0,7 mg/kg dw

Maulvault et al, 2012b

total arsenic


seafood samplesfrom the Norwegian surveillance program on contaminants

0,22±0,03 - 67±8 mg/kg ww mean

ICP-MSLOD: 0,0006 mg/kg

Sloth et al., 2005

total arsenic marine mollusc wild

Atlantic, Northeast1,2-13,8 mg/kg ww / 1,7 mg/kg ww min-max /

median

ICP-MSLOQ: 0,07 mg/kg

Sloth and Julshamn, 2008


Atlantic, Northeast

0,3-110 mg/kg ww min-max

ICP-MSLOD: 0,003 mg/kg dwLOQ: 0,01 mg/kg dw


total arsenic

marine mollusc, crustacean wild Local market 6,9±0,3 - 7,4±0,2 mg/kg mean ICP-MS

LOD/LOQ: nmYang et al., 2009

total arsenic aquaculture fish farmed,

processed

Atlantic, Northeast0,52±0,05 - 0,80± 0,11 mg/kg ww mean

ICP-MSLOD: 0,01 mg/kg

Costa et al., 2013

total arsenic

marine fish, mollusc, crustacean wild

Atlantic, Northeast<1-65,8 mg/kg ww min-max

ICP-MS HG-AFS LOD: 0,03 mg/kg

De Gieter et al., 2002

total arsenic

marine, aquaculture seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean

wild, farmedAtlantic, Northeast 1,7-51,2 mg/kg ww / 2,9-32,2

mg/kg wwmin-max/ mean


Anacleto et al., 2009

total arsenic

marine fish, mollusc, crustacean wild Atlantic, Western central 2-53,9 mg/kg dw / 2,09-36,2 mg/kg

dwmin-max / mean

EDXRFLOD: nm

Hernández et al., 2011


Mediterranean and Black Sea 0,11-0,32 mg/kg ww mean

GFAASLOD: 0,17 µg/L

Tuzen, 2009

total arsenic

freshwater/marine fish, crustacean wild/processed Large supermarkets in two

towns (Texas, USA)0,025-6,1 mg/kg ww / 0,16-2,36 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

ICP-MSLOD: 3,6 ng/g

Schoof et al., 1999

total arsenic

marine/anadromous fish wild/farmed

Europe - Inland waters0,35-11,9 mg/kg ww min-max

ICPMSLOD: 0,003 mg/kg

Larsen et al., 2005

cadmium

total cadmium


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,01-0,02 mg/kg ww meat; 12-30 mg/kg hepatopancreas; 0,18-0,30 mg/kg gonads

mean

FAASLOD: 0,01 mg/kg ww


total cadmium

marine crustacean (meat, hepatopancreas)

wildAtlantic, Northeast 0,02 mg/kg ww muscle; 11 mg/kg

ww hepatopancreas meanFAASLOD: 0,01 mg/kg ww


total cadmium

marine crustacean (meat, hepatopancreas,

wild Atlantic, Northeast <0,01-0,03 mg/kg ww meat; 6-28 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas; 0,04-4,3 mg/kg ww gonads

mean FAASLOD: 0,01 mg/kg ww

Barrento et al., 2009b

gonads)

total cadmium

seafood: fish, mollusc processed

Atlantic, Northeast 0,01-1,10 mg/kg ww / 0,01-0,29 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean


Lourenço et al., 2004

total cadmium marine bivalve wild

Atlantic, Northeast <0,01-1,09 mg/kg ww / 0,02-0,37 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean



total cadmium marine crustacean wild


min-max/ mean


Lourenço et al., 2009a

total cadmium marine mollusc wild


min-max / mean


Lourenço et al., 2009b

total cadmium farmed fish farmed

Aquaculture/Portugal 0,005-0,020 mg/kg ww / <MDL-0,013 Mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

FAASLOQ: 0,010 mg/kg ww


total cadmium


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,0±0,0mg/kg meat; 2,1±0,6 mg/kg hepatopancreas; 0,0±0,0 mg/kg gonads

mean



total cadmium marine fish wild Atlantic, Northeast 0,005-0,011 mg/kg mean ICP-MS

LOD/LOQ: nmPrego et al., 2012

total cadmium


Local markets, large supermarkets, and grocerystores from six important cities(Catalonia, Spain)


ICP-MSLOD: 0,02 μg/g ww Falcó et al.,

2006

total cadmium marine fish wild/processed

Atlantic, Northeast<0,01-0,04 mg/kg mean


Maulvault et al., 2012a

total cadmium

fish processed Local markets, big supermarkets, and grocery stores of

ND-0,003 mg/kg ww min-max ICP-MSLOD: 0,002 µg/g ww


Reus (Catalonia, Spain)

total cadmium

marine fish (muscle, liver) wild/processed

Supermarkets from Novi Sad (Serbia) 0,003 mg/kg ww muscle; 0,029

mg/kg ww liver mean

GFAASLOD: 0,003mg/kgLOQ: 0,003 mg/kg ww


total cadmium

marine fish (muscle, liver) wild

Atlantic, Northeast <0,002 mg/kg ww muscle; 0,11-0,39 mg/kg ww liver min-max

ICP-MSLOQ: 0,002 mg/kg ww


total cadmium marine fish (liver) wild Atlantic, Northwest 0,49-2,56 mg/kg ww liver min-max ICP-MS


total cadmium


Mediterranean and Black Sea ND-0,34 mg/kg ww / ND-0,16



Nadal et al., 2008

total cadmium marine fish wild

Atlantic, Northeast

0,001-0,018 mg/kg dw / 0,003-0,011 mg/kg dw

min-max/ mean

GFAASLOD: 0,04 µg/kg wwLOQ: 0,12 µg/kg ww

Afonso et al., 2013

total cadmium marine fish, mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea 0,0004±0,0002 - 0,0053±0,0011

mg/kg ww mean

ICP-MSLOD: 0,0003 mg/kg wwLOQ: 0,003 mg/kg ww

Copat et al., 2013

total cadmium


Local markets, small stores, supermarkets, and big grocery stores (Catalonia, Spain)

0,007-0,354 mg/kg ww / 0,103 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean



total cadmium


wildAtlantic, Northeast <0,05 -0,06 mg/kg dw meat; 1,0 -

1,9 mg/kg dw hepatopancreas meanFAASLOD: 0,01 mg/kg ww


total cadmium

marine fish (muscle, liver, gonad)

wild Atlantic, Northeast <0,02-0,08 mg/kg ww muscle; 0,58-30,24 mg/kg ww liver; 0,03-

min-max / mean

FAASLOD: 0,02

Costa et al., 2009

1,30 mg/kg ww gonad / <0,02-0,02 mg/kg ww muscle; 3,15-9,2 mg/kg ww liver; 0,1-0,26 mg/kg ww

mg/kg ww

total cadmium

marine fish, crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast <0,005-0,399 mg/kg ww min-max GFAAS


total cadmium


Atlantic, Northeast 0,002-1,2mg/kg dw muscle, 0,14-90 mg/kg dw liver/ 0,002-0,022 mg/kg dw muscle, 0,31-53 mg/kg dw liver

min-max/ mean


al., 2013

total cadmium

marine crustacean muscle; brown meat wild, processed

Atlantic, Northeast 0,01-0,24 mg/kg ww muscle; 5,0-11 mg/kg ww brown meat mean


Maulvault et al., 2012b

total cadmium aquaculture fish farmed,

processed

Aquaculture/Portugal 0,002±0,000 - 0,003±0,001 mg/kg ww mean

GFAASLOD: 0,04 ug/kg

Costa et al., 2013

total cadmium marine fish (liver) wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea0,61-1,43 mg/kg dw muscle, 0,84-5,93 mg/kg dw liver mean FAAS

LOD/LOQ: nmKalay et al., 1999

total cadmium



Central market and major supermarkets in the city of Granada(Spain) 0,000-0,244 mg/kg ww median

AASLOD: 1,58 × 10−4mg/kg wwLOQ: 5,28 × 10−4 mg/kg ww

Olmedo et al., 2013

Lead

leadmarine crustacean (muscle, hepatopancreas)

wildAtlantic, Northeast 0,10 mg/kg ww muscle, 0,11 mg/kg

ww hepatopancreas meanFAASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg ww


lead


wild

Atlantic, Northeast <MDL-0,03 mg/kg ww meat; 0,02-0,10 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas, <mdl-0,04 mg/kg ww gonads

mean



lead seafood: fish, nm Local markets, large 0,002-0,25 mg/kg ww min-max ICP-MS Falcó et al.,

mollusc, crustacean

supermarkets, and grocerystores from six important cities(Catalonia, Spain)

LOD: 0,02 µg/g ww 2006

lead


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,0±0,0mg/kg meat, 0,1±0,0 mg/kg hepatopancreas, 0,0±0,0 mg/kg gonads

mean



lead marine fish (muscle, liver)

wild/processed Supermarkets from Novi Sad (Serbia) <0,003 mg/kg ww muscle; 0,011

mg/kg ww liver

mean GFAASLOD: 0,003mg/kgLOQ: 0,003 mg/kg ww


lead marine fish (muscle, liver) wild

Atlantic, Northeast <0,01 mg/kg ww muscle; < 0,01 mg/kg ww liver min-max



lead marine fish (liver) wild Atlantic, Northwest 0,06-1,71 mg/kg ww liver min-max ICP-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Sonne et al., 2014

lead fish processed

Local markets, big supermarkets, and grocery stores ofReus (Catalonia, Spain)




lead marine fish wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,01-0,08 mg/kg dw / 0,02-0,06 mg/kg dw

min-max/ mean

GFAASLOD: 0,6µg/kg wwLOQ: 1,8 µg/kg ww

Afonso et al., 2013

lead seafood: fish and mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea ND-0,34 mg/kg ww / 0,05-0,23



Nadal et al., 2008

lead marine fish, mollusc wild Mediterranean and Black Sea

0,003±0,001 - 0,071±0,006 mg/kg ww

mean ICP-MSLOD: 0,0001

Copat et al., 2013

mg/kg wwLOQ: 0,001 mg/kg ww

lead seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean wild, processed

Local markets, small stores, supermarkets, and big grocery stores(Catalonia, Spain)

0,017-0,499 mg/kg ww / 0,160 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean



leadmarine crustacean (meat, hepatopancreas)

wildAtlantic, Northeast <0,10-0,14 mg/kg dw meat, <0,10-

0,40 mg/kg dw hepatopancreas meanFAASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg ww


lead marine fish (muscle, liver) wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea4,43-9,11 mg/kg dw muscle, 4,73-11,21 mg/kg dw liver mean FAAS

LOD/LOQ: nmKalay et al., 1999

lead marine fish, crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast <0,005-0,11 mg/kg ww min-max GFAAS


lead marine fish (muscle, liver) wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,004-1,2mg/kg dw muscle; 0,004-5,3 mg/kg dw liver / 0,022-0,052 mg/kg dw muscle, 0,004-0,082 mg/kg dw liver

min-max/ mean


al., 2013

leadmarine crustacean (muscle, brown meat)

wild, processedAtlantic, Northeast <MDL-0,02 mg/kg ww muscle;

<MDL-0,02 mg/kg ww brown meat meanFAASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg


lead seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean


Central market and major supermarkets in the city of Granada(Spain) 0,004-0,548 mg/kg ww median

AASLOD:4,35 × 10−3 mg/kg wwLOQ: 1,45 × 10−2 mg/kg ww

Olmedo et al., 2013

Mercurymethylmercury

marine fish wild Atlantic, Northeast 0,18-0,46 mg/kg dw mean TDA-AASLOD: 0,5 µg/kg ww

Afonso et al., 2013

LOQ: 1,0 µg/kg ww

methylmercury aquaculture fish farmed,

processed

Atlantic, Northeast0,16±0,01 - 0,20±0,01 mg/kg ww mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg

Costa et al., 2013

methylmercury marine fish wild


min-max/ mean

CVAASLOD: 0,12 ng

Andersen and Depledge, 1997

methylmercury marine fish wild Atlantic, Northeast 0,05-8,98 mg/kg dw / 0,52-2,96

mg/kg dwmin-max/ mean

CVAASLOD: 10 ng

Magalhães et al., 2007

methylmercury marine fish wild, processed

The swordfish muscle samples were provided in 2005by companies that market this product in Spain.

0,16-1,53 mg/kg ww/ 0,49±0,32 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean

HPLC/CV-AFSLOD: 0,11 mg/kgLOQ: 0,00 mg/kg

Torres-Escribano et al., 2010

methylmercury marine fish, mollusc wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea ND-1,321 mg/kg dw mean GC-ECDLOD: 0,4 ng/g

Spada et al., 2012


Atlantic, Northeast0,017-0,078 mg/kg ww min-max

GC-ICP-MSLOQ: 0,01 mg/kg ww



Mediterranean and Black Sea


ICP-MS or AAS or TDA-AASLOQ: 0,001-0,010 mg/kg ww

Brambilla et al., 2013

methylmercury

marine mollusc (digestive gland and mantle)

wildAtlantic, Northeast 0,30-0,98 mg/kg dw digestive

gland; 0,26-1,6 mg/kg dw mantle min-maxGC-AFSLOD/LOQ: nm Raimundo et

al., 2014

methylmercury

marine fish, molluscs, crustacean

wild MAPA (BRASIL); ASPB/Barcelona (Spain)Local supermarkets in Barcelona (Spain)

<0,0003-2,23 mg/kg ww min-max LC-UV-CV-AFSLOD: 0,0003 mg/kg dwLOQ: 0,0010

Zmozinski et al., 2014

mg/kg dwmethylmercury marine fish wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea 0,214-2,35 mg/kg ww min-max GC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Miniero et al., 2013

methylmercury

freshwater, marine fish, mollusc wild, processed

Slovenian market0,002-1,080 mg/kg ww mean

GC-ECDLOD: 0,2 ng/gLOQ: 2 ng/g

Miklavčič et al., 2011

methylmercury


Atlantic, Northeast

0,005-1,352 mg/kg ww/ 0,012-0,197 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,005 mg/kg wwLOQ: 0,010 mg/kg ww

Cardoso et al., 2010

methylmercury marine mollusc wild

Atlantic, Northeast


TDA-AASLOD: 0,005 mg/kg wwLOQ: 0,010 mg/kg ww

Cardoso et al., 2012

methylmercury

freshwater fish, seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean

wild, processed

taken by the governmentalfood inspectors at retail trade in the German Federal StateBaden-Württemberg

ND-0,576 mg/kg / 0,022 mg/kg min-max/ mean

GC-AEDLOD: 6 ng/g Kuballa et al.,

2011

methylmercury

marine/ freshwater fish wild

Local market in Santa Maria City (Brazil) 0,016-1,05 mg/kg dw min-max

LC-CVG-ICP-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Schmidt et al., 2013

methylmercury marine fish wild/farmed/

processed

Local market in Valencia (Spain) 0,042-1,24 mg/kg ww min-max

TDA-AASLOD: 0,018 μg/g dw

Ruiz-de-Cenzano et al, 2014

methylmercury marine fish wild Mediterranean and Black

SeaND-1,74 mg/kg ww / 0,06-0,71 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean

GCLOD/LOQ: nm

Storelli et al., 2003

total mercury marine fish wild


min-max/ mean

CVAASLOD: 0,25 ng

Andersen and Depledge, 1997

total mercury marine fish wild Atlantic, Northeast 0,05-11,74 mg/kg dw / 0,59-3,70

mg/kg dwmin-max / mean

CVAASLOD: 12 ng

Magalhães et al., 2007

total mercury marine fish wild, processed

The swordfish muscle samples were provided in 2005by companies that market this product in Spain.

0,41-2,11 mg/kg ww / 0,96±0,47mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

HPLC-CV-AFSLOD: 0,02 ng/g

Torres-Escribano et al., 2010

total mercury marine fish, mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea ND-1,867 mg/kg dw mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,2 ng/g dw

Spada et al., 2012

total mercury

freshwater, marine fish, mollusc wild, processed

Slovenian market0,002-1,160 mg/kg ww mean

CVAASLOD: 0,1 ng/gLOQ: 1 ng/g

Miklavčič et al., 2011

total mercury marine fish wild Mediterranean and Black

SeaND-1,87 mg/kg ww / 0,06-0,76 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean

GCLOD/LOQ: nm

Storelli et al., 2003

total mercury


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,05-0,16 mg/kg ww meat; 0,10-0,23 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas; 0,01-0,07 mg/kg ww gonads

mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg ww


total mercury


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,10-0,15 mg/kg ww meat; 0,09-0,13 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas; 0,01mg/kg ww gonads

mean



total mercury


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,16- 0,61 mg/kg ww meat, 0,15-0,51 mg/kg ww hepatopancreas, 0,06-0,17 mg/kg ww

mean



total mercury

seafood: fish, mollusc processed

Atlantic, Northeast 0,01-1,0 mg/kg ww/ 0,02-0,34 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

CVAASLOD: 0,01 mg/kg ww


total mercury marine bivalve wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,01-0,08 mg/kg ww/0,02-0,04 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean



total mercury marine crustacean wild


min-max/ mean


Lourenço et al., 2009a

total mercury marine mollusc wild


min-max / mean


Lourenço et al., 2009b

total mercury farmed fish farmed

Aquaculture (Portugal) 0,03-0,21 mg/kg ww/ 0,06-0,14 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean



total mercury


wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,1±0,1 mg/kg meat; 0,1±0,0 mg/kg hepatopancreas; 0,0±0,0 mg/kg gonads

mean



total mercury


Local markets, large supermarkets, and grocerystores from six important cities(Catalonia, Spain).


ICP-MSLOD: 0,05 µg/g ww Falcó et al.,

2006

total mercury marine fish wild/processed

Atlantic, Northeast0,67-1,2 mg/kg mean


Maulvault et al., 2012a

total mercury


Atlantic, Northeast 0,019-0,075 mg/kg ww muscle; <0,01-0,12 mg/kg ww liver min-max






ICP-MS or AAS or TDA-AASLOQ: 0,001-0,010 mg/kg ww

Brambilla et al., 2013

total mercury

marine mollusc (digestive gland and mantle)

wildAtlantic, Northeast 0,53-2,4 mg/kg dw digestive gland;

0,30-1,8 mg/kg dw mantle min-maxTDA-AASLOD/LOQ: nm Raimundo et

al., 2014

total mercury

marine fish and crustacean wild



TDA-AASLOD: 0,2 ng/g wwLOQ: 0,7 ng/g ww

Koenig et al., 2013

total mercury

marine fish, molluscs, crustacean

wild

MAPA (BRASIL); ASPB/Barcelona(Spain)Local supermarkets in Barcelona (Spain)

<0,003-2,33 mg/kg ww min-max

ICP-MSLOD: 0,001 mg/kg dwLOQ: 0,003 mg/kg dw

Zmozinski et al., 2014

total mercury marine fish (liver) wild Atlantic, Northwest 0,01-0,29 mg/kg ww liver min-max ICP-MS


total mercury marine fish wild Mediterranean and Black

Sea 0,284-2,54 mg/kg ww min-max TDA-AASLOD/LOQ: nm

Miniero et al., 2013

total mercury fish processed

Local markets, big supermarkets, and grocery stores ofReus (Catalonia, Spain).




total mercury


Mediterranean and Black Sea ND-0,43 mg/kg /0,00-0,20 mg/kg

wwmin-max/ mean

ICP-MSLOD: 10 µg/g ww

Nadal et al., 2008


Atlantic, Northeast

0,03-1,13 mg/kg dw / 0,21-0,54 mg/kg dw

min-max/ mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,5 µg/kg wwLOQ: 1,0 µg/kg ww

Afonso et al., 2013

total mercury


Local markets, small stores, supermarkets, and big grocery stores(Catalonia, Spain)

0,006-0,869 mg/g ww / 0,156 mg/kg ww

min-max/ mean



total mercury


wildAtlantic, Northeast 0,17-0,27 mg/kg dw meat; 0,12-

0,35 mg/kg dw hepatopancreas meanTDA-AASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg ww


total mercury

marine fish (muscle, liver, gonad) wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,27-2,76 mg/kg ww muscle; 0,42-50,23 mg/kg ww liver; 0,03-2,74 mg/kg ww gonad / 0,69-1,45 mg/kg ww muscle; 1,56-5,83 mg/kg ww liver; 0,18-0,41 mg/kg ww gonad

min-max / mean

CVAASLOD: 0,012 mg/kg ww Costa et al.,

2009

total mercury

marine fish, crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast 0,021-0,160 mg/kg ww min-max CVAAS


total mercury

marine crustacean muscle ; brown meat

wild, processedAtlantic, Northeast 0,10-0,23 mg/kg ww; 0,03-0,17

mg/kg ww meanTDA-AASLOD: 0,02 mg/kg ww


total mercury



Central market and major supermarkets in the cityof Granada(Spain) 0,000-0,698 mg/kg ww median

AASLOD: 1,07 × 10−5 mg/kg wwLOQ: 3,56 × 10−5 mg/kg ww

Olmedo et al., 2013

total mercury

freshwater fish and seafood: fish, mollusc, crustacean

nm


CVAAS/HGAASLOQ: 0,051 mgkg dw

Plessi et al., 2001

total mercury

marine fish, mollusc, crustacean wild


CVAASLOD: 1 μg/kg wet weight

Schuhmacher et al., 1994

total mercury marine fish processed

Retail outlets in Montgomery and Atlanta (USA)

0,0154-0,7396 mg/kg ww/ 0,0328-0,2848 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,02 ng

Ikema and Egieborb, 2005

total mercury


Atlantic, Northeast 0,06-1,75 mg/kg ww fillet, 0,04-3,96 mg/kg ww liver / 0,33-0,66 mg/kg ww fillet, 0,21-0,31 mg/kg ww

min-max / mean

TDA-AASLOD: 0,005 mg/kgLOQ: 0,01 mg/kg

Afonso et al., 2008

total marine fish wild Atlantic, Northeast 0,08-0,15 mg/kg ww mean HGAAS Staveland et

mercury LOQ:0,02 mg/kg al., 1993

total mercury

marine fish (muscle and liver) wild

Atlantic, Northeast 0,017-0,071 mg/kg ww; 0,018-0,064 mg/kg ww min-max


Polak-Juszczak, 2015

AAS: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, AED: Atomic Emision Detection, AFS: Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy, CV : Cold Vapour, CVG: Chemical Vapor Generation, ECD: Electron Capture Detector, EDXRF: Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence, FAAS: Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, FIAS: Flow Injection Hydride Generation System, GC: Gas Chromatography, GF: Graphite Furnace, HG: Hydride Generation, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, ICP: Inductively Coupled Plasma, MS: Mass Spectrometry, nm: not mentioned, SPE: Solid Phase Extraction, TDA: Thermal Degradation Amalgamation, UV: UV irradiation

Table S2: Levels of endocrine disruptors in marine biota and seafood

Contaminant Matrix Processed/wild/farmed Origin Levels Min-max/

mean/medianMethod

LOD/LOQ Reference

bisphenols

bisphenol A canned seafood processed

purchased in differentlocal markets in North Portugal

1,0-99,9 ng/g min-max

DLLME-GC-MSLOD: 0,2 ug/kgLOQ: 1,0 ug/kg Cunha et al.,

2012

bisphenol A canned fish processed

Austrian supermarkets

2-67 ng/g mean

Extraction with ACN shaking, clean up by sol-gel immunoaffinity chromatography,HPLC-FLLOD: tuna 0,4 ng/g, sardines 0,2 ng/g, mackerel 0,2 ng/gLOQ: tuna 0,8 ng/g, sardines 0,4 ng/g, mackerel 0,4 ng/g

Podlipna and Cichna-Markl, 2007

bisphenol A marine fish (fillet, liver) wild Europe - Inland waters

5-11 ng/g dw muscle; 2-75 ng/g dw liver

min-max HPLC-GC-MS/MSLOD: 2.6ng/sampleLOQ: 7.8ng/sample

Belfroid et al., 2002

bisphenol A marine fish (muscle, liver) wild


0-5 ng/g ww muscle; 0-6 ng/g ww liver

meanHPLCLOD:nm Mita et al., 2011

bisphenol A marine bivalves wildMediterranean and Black Sea 11 ng/g dw mean

Sonication extraction/Florisil clean up/HPLC-ESI-MSLOD: 0,3 to 5,0 ng/g dw

Pojana et al., 2007

bisphenol A seafood (fish, mollusc, crustacean) nm

Supermarket Singapore

13,3±8,4 ng/g ww - 213,1±20,2 ng/g ww

meanMASE-GC-MSLOD: 1,36 ng/g Basheer et al.,

2004

alkylphenolsNP, NP1EO,NP2EO marine mollusc wild Pacific, Eastern

Central ND-192 ng/g ww min-max ESI LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,2-11,9 ng/g ww

Klosterhaus et al., 2013

NP, NP1EO, NP2EO marine mollusc wild Pacific, Eastern

central 25-470 ng/g dw mean ESI LC-MS/MSLOD: 1, 9-6,4 ng/g dw

Dodder et al., 2014

NP, NP1EO marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <0,2-240 ng/g dw min-max

Sonication extraction/Florisil clean up/HPLC-ESI-MS0,3 - 5,0 ng/g dw

Pojana et al., 2007

4-NP,4-nOP, 4-tOP

seafood (fish, mollusc, crustacean) nm

Supermarket Singapore

3,3±1,0 - 197,0±13,1 ng/g ww

meanMASE-GC-MSLOD: 0,15-0,21 ng/g Basheer et al.,

2004

OPs, NPs, AP ethoxylates

marine fish fillet and crustacean wild Mediterranean

and Black Sea 0,2-1431 ng/g ww mean GC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Ferrara et al., 2005

OPs, NPs, AP ethoxylates

seafood (fish, mollusc, crustacean) wild Mediterranean

and Black Sea0,2-1220 ng/g ww; 6,3-147 ng/g ww

min-max; mean

GC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm


OPs, NPs, AP ethoxylates marine mollusc wild Mediterranean

and Black Sea nd-696 ng/g ww mean GC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm


4-NP marine fish liver wild Pacific, Eastern central 102 ng/g dw mean GC-MS

LOD: 50 ng/gMaruya et al., 2012

perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in marine biotaPFBS, PFHxA, PFHS, PFHpA, PFOA, PFOSA, PFOS, PFNA

marine molluscs wild

Pacific, Northwest 0,0093-2,9570

ng/g ww; 0,0631-19,2013 ng/g dw

mean

HPLC-HR-ES-MSLOQ: 10 pg/g dw So et al., 2005

PFHxS, PFOS marine molluscs wild Atlantic, Northeast 0-5 ng/g dw min-max LC-ToF-MS

LOQ: 0,1 ng/g Wille et al., 2011

PFBS, PFHxA,PFHpA, PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, PFDS, PFDcA, PFUnDA,

marine fish, mollusc, crustacean

wild Mediterranean and Black Sea

<0,030-8,32 ng/g ww/ nd-2,70 ng/g ww

min-max/ mean

UPLC-ES-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Domingo et al., 2012

PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFTDA

PFPA, PFBS, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, PFDS

marine fish nm

purchased in retail fish marketsand supermarkets

<LOQ-42,03 ng/g mean

LC–QqLIT–MSLOQ: 0,005-0,15 ug/kg Llorca et al.,

2009

PFBS, PFOS, PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA

marine/aquaculture fish wild/farmed

Atlantic, Northeast <0,0013-0,29 ng/g

ww min-max

UPLC-ES-MS/MSLOD: 1,4-100 pg/g Eriksson et al.,

2013

PFOS crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast 19-877 ng/g ww min-max HPLC-ES-MS/MS

LOD: nmVan de Vijver et al., 2003

PFOS marine molluscs wild

Atlantic, Northeast and Mediterranean and Black Sea

0,005-0,9 ng/g ww/ 0,04-0,2 ng/g ww

min-max/ mean

LC- MS/MSLOQ: 0,02-0,2 ng/g Munschy et al.,

2013

PFOS, PFHS, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, PFOA, PFHpA, PFHxA


from local markets in China

< 0,25-13,9 ng/g ww mean

HPLC-MS/MSLOQ: 0,25 ng/g ww Gulkowska et al.,

2006

PFOS, PFOA marine fish, mollusc (muscle, liver) nm


<1,5-43 ng/g muscle; <1,5-83 ng/g liver / <1,5-15 ng/g muscle; 6-53 ng/g liver)

min-max/ mean

LC-MS/MSLOD: 1,5 -2 µg/kg Nania et al.,

2009

PFOS marine mollusc wildAtlantic, Western central

42-1225 ng/g dw min-maxHPLC-MS/MSLOQ: 10 ng/g ww Kannan et al.,

2002

PFOA, PFO, PFOSA

seafood (fish, mollusc, crustacean) processed

Czech retail market <0,2-12,8 ng/g min-max

LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,05-0,1 µg/kgLOQ: 0,2-0,3 µg/kg

Hrádková et al., 2010

PFOS, PFOA, marine fish wild food samples ND-2,6 ng/g min-max LC-MS/MS de Voogt et al.,

PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTrDA

from the Netherlands

LOD/LOQ: nm2008

PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, PFUA, PFDoDA, PFTeDA

marine fish, crustacean wild, processed

Canadian market

<MDL-2,6 ng/g ww min-max

LC-MS/MSLODs: in the 0,5-1ng/g range, Two analytes (PFDA and PFTeDA) had LODs that rangedfrom 2 to 6 ng/g

Tittlemier et al., 2007

PFHxS, PFOS, PFHxA, PFOA marine fish processed

local markets, largesupermarkets and grocery stores from two different areas of Tarragona Province,Catalonia, Spain

<0,003-0,179 ng/g ww mean

UPLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,001- 0,063 ng/g

Jogsten et al., 2009

estrogens

17 α-ethinylestradiol marine bivalves wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea <3-38 ng/g dw min-max


Pojana et al., 2007

17 α-ethinylestradiol marine fish farmed

purchased at a local supermarket ND ng/g mean

Precipitation/centrifugation/filtration; SPE; Derivatization BSTFA-TMCS 99:1; GC-MSLOD: 2,4 ng/Kg

Azzouz et al., 2011

17 β-estradiol marine bivalves wildMediterranean and Black Sea <1,5 ng/g dw min-max


Pojana et al., 2007

17 β-estradiol marine fish farmed purchased at a local

0,52-1,3 ng/g mean Precipitation/centrifugation/filtration; SPE; Derivatization

Azzouz et al., 2011

supermarket BSTFA-TMCS 99:1; GC-MSLOD: 2,6 ng/Kg

estrone marine bivalves wildMediterranean and Black Sea <1,5 ng/g dw min-max


Pojana et al., 2007

estrone marine fish farmed

purchased at a local supermarket 0,52-1,3 ng/g mean

Precipitation/centrifugation/filtration; SPE; Derivatization BSTFA-TMCS 99:1; GC-MSLOD: 2,4 ng/Kg

Azzouz et al., 2011

hexachlorobenzene

hexachlorobenzene marine fish wild/processed

local markets,big supermarkets, and grocery stores of Reus (Catalonia, Spain)

0,009-0,345 ng/g ww min-max

US EPA method 1625 and CARB method 429LOD: 0,01 ng/g fresh weight Perelló et al.,

2009

hexachlorobenzene


local markets, small stores, supermarkets, and largegrocery stores from 12 representative cities from Catalonia, Spain

0,003-0,585 ng/g ww/ 0,170 ng/g ww

min-max/ mean

US EPA method1625 and CARB method 429LOD: 0,1 ng/kg


hexachlorobenzene

marine fish, mollusc wild/ processed randomly obtained in local markets, bigsupermarkets,

0,025-0,781 ng/g ww

mean HR-GC-MSLOD: 5 ng/kg wet weight

Falcó et al., 2004

and grocery stores from seven cities in Catalonia, Spain

hexachlorobenzene


randomly acquired in local fish markets, bigsupermarkets and grocery stores from six important cities ofCatalonia.

0,02-1,68 ng/g ww mean

US EPA method 1625 and CARB method 429LOD: 5 ng/kg

Falcó et al., 2008

hexachlorobenzene marine fish, crustacean wild

Atlantic, Northeast <0,006-1,3 ng/g

ww min-maxUS EPA method 1625 and CARB method 429LOD/LOQ: nm

Internal data

PFBS: perfluorobutanesulfonate, PFHxA: perfluorohexanoic acid, PFHS: perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, PFHpA: perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOSA: perfluorooctane sulfonamide, PFOS: perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid, PFDcA: Perfluorodecanoate, PFUnA: Perfluoroundecanoate, PFDoA: Perfluorododecanoate, PFTriA: Perfluorotridecanoate, PFTeA: Perfluorotetradecanoate, PFPeDA: Perfluoropentadecanoate, NP: nonylphenol, NPE: nonylphenol ethoxylates, NPEC: nonylphenol ether carboxylates, NP1EO: nonylphenol monoethoxylates, NP2EO: nonylphenol diethoxylates

BSTFA-TMCS: N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane, DLLME: Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction, ES(I): Electrospray (ionization), FL: fluorescence detection, GC: Gas Chromatography, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HR: High-Resolution, LC: Liquid Chromatography, MASE: Membrane-Assisted Solvent Extraction, MS/MS: tandem Mass Spectrometry, nm: not mentioned, QqLIT: Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap, SPE: Solid phase extraction, ToF: Time-of-Flight, UPLC: Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

Table S3: Levels of endocrine disruptors in freshwater biota


mean/medianMethod

LOD/LOQ Reference

bisphenolsbisphenol A freshwater fish (fillet,

liver)wild Asia -Inland

waters10,1-83,5 ng/g dw muscle; ND-106,7 ng/g dw liver

min-max MAE with cyclohexaene:EtAc (1:1), GPC, derivatisation and GC/MSLOD: 0,3-0,7 ng/g

Liu et al., 2011a

bisphenol A freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

1-5 ng/g dw min-max HPLC-GC-MS/MSLOD: 2.6ng/sampleLOQ: 7.8ng/sample

Belfroid et al., 2002


<20-79 ng/g dw/ 13,7 ng/g dw

min-max/ mean

FMAE with DCM, SPE, LC-MS/MSLOQ: 10-15 ng/g

Miège et al., 2012

bisphenol A freshwater fish wild Asia -Inland waters

30,8±21,4 ng/g ww

mean UHPLC-MS/MSLOD: 0.37 ng/gLOQ: 0.99 ng/g

Chen et al., 2012b


<MDL-223,91 ng/g dw

min-max QuEChERS-UHPLC–MS/MSLOD: 0,003-0,01 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,008-0,04 ng/g dw

Jakimska et al., 2013

alkylphenols4-NP,4-CP, 4-tOP

freshwater fish (fillet, liver-

wild Asia -Inland waters

ND-18,9 ng/g dw muscle, ND-67,5 ng/g dw liver

min-max MAE-SPE-GC-MSLOD: 0.3-0.7 ng/g

Liu et al., 2011a

NP, NPE, NPEC brackish crustacean wild Atlantic, Northeast

<45,5-1119 ng/g dw

min-max MSPD-LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Verslycke et al., 2005

NP, NP1EO, OP brackish fish/liver wild Europe -Inland waters / Atlantic, Northeast

ND-180 ng/g ww min-max GC-FID and GC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Lye et al., 1999

NP, OP, NPEC, freshwater fish wild Asia -Inland ND-238 ng/g ww mean UHPLC-MS/MS Chen et al.,

NP1EO, NP2EO waters LOD: 0,12-6,89 ng/gLOQ: 0,17-11,5 ng/g

2012b

4-tOP, 4-NP freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<20-343 ng/g dw min-max FMAE with DCM, SPE, LC-MS/MSLQ ranged from 10 to 15 ng/g dw.

Miège et al., 2012

perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)PFHxS, PFOS, PFOSA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDcA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFTriA, PFTeA, PFPeDA

freshwater/ anadromous fish

wild Atlantic, Northeast and Europe - Inland waters

<0,02-23,1 ng/g ww

min-max HPLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,02-0,30 ng/g ww

Berger et al., 2009

PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFDoA, PFOS, PFDS

freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<0,2-865,6 ng/g dw

min-max LC-MS/MSLOD: 0.01-1 ng/g dwLOQ: around 0.1 ng/g dw except for PFOA and PFOS with LOQof 0.2 and 1 ng/g dw, respectively

Miège et al., 2012

estrogens17 α-ethinylestradiol

freshwater fish fillet/liver


ND-11,3 ng/g dw fillet; ND-18,7 ng/g dw liver


Liu et al., 2011a

17 α-ethinylestradiol

freshwater fish wild Asia -Inland waters

<MDL ng/g ww mean UHPLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,22 ng/gLOQ: 0,40 ng/g

Chen et al., 2012b

17 β-estradiol freshwater fish wild Asia -Inland waters

1,40±0,40 ng/g ww

mean UHPLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,05 ng/gLOQ: 0,12 ng/g

Chen et al., 2012b

17 β-estradiol freshwater fish (fillet, wild Asia -Inland <MDL-4,8 ng/g min-max MAE with cyclohexaene:EtAc Liu et al., 2011a

liver) waters dw muscle; 11,5 ng/g dw liver

(1:1), GPC, derivatisation and GC/MSLOD: 0,3-0,7 ng/g

estriol freshwater fish wild Asia -Inland waters

0,45±0,30 ng/g ww


Chen et al., 2012b

estriol freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL dw fillet, <MDL-3,4 ng/g dw liver


Liu et al., 2011a

estrone freshwater fish wild Asia -Inland waters

0,80±0,91 ng/g ww


Chen et al., 2012b

estrone freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL-3,6 ng/g dw fillet, <MDL-10,7 ng/g dw liver


Liu et al., 2011a

hexachlorobenzenehexachlorobenzene

freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<1,0-19,7 ng/g dw; 3,8 ng/g dw

min-max FMAE with DCM, SPE, LC-MS/MSLOQ: 10-15 ng/g

Miège et al., 2012

hexachlorobenzene

anadromous fish (liver) wild Asia -Inland waters

10,3 ng/g ww, 98,0 ng/g ww liver

mean GC-MSLOD: 0.07 ng/g

Wan et al., 2007

triazolestolyltriazole freshwater fish wild Europe -

Inland waters<MDL-10,18 ng/g dw

min-max QuEChERS-UHPLC–MS/MSLOD: 0,09-0,12 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,28-0,45 ng/g dw


PFBS: perfluorobutanesulfonate, PFHxA: perfluorohexanoic acid, PFHS: perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, PFHpA: perfluoroheptanoic acid, PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOSA: perfluorooctane sulfonamide, PFOS: perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid, PFDcA: Perfluorodecanoate, PFUnA: Perfluoroundecanoate, PFDoA: Perfluorododecanoate, PFTriA: Perfluorotridecanoate, PFTeA: Perfluorotetradecanoate, PFPeDA: Perfluoropentadecanoate, NP: nonylphenol, NPE: nonylphenol ethoxylates, NPEC: nonylphenol ether carboxylates, NP1EO: nonylphenol monoethoxylates, NP2EO: nonylphenol diethoxylates

AED: Atomic Emission Detector, FMAE: Focussed Microwave Assisted Extraction, FID: Flame Ionization Detector, GC: Gas Chromatography, GPC: Gel Permeation Chromatography, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HR: High-Resolution, LC: Liquid Chromatography, MAE: Microwave Assited Extraction, MS: Mass Spectrometry, MSPD: matrix solid phase dispersion, MS/MS: tandem Mass Spectrometry, nm: not mentioned, SPE: Solid phase extraction, UHPLC: Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography, QuEChERS: Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe

Table S4: Levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in marine biota and seafood


mean/medianMethod

LOD/LOQ Reference

analgesics/anti-inflammatoriesacetminophen / paracetamol marine mollusc wild Atlantic,

Northeast 0-115 ng/g dw min-max UHPLC-MS/MSLOQ: 2,5 ng/g Wille et al., 2011

diclofenac marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast ND ng/g dw mean SPE-LC-MS/MS

LOQ: 29 ng/gMcEneff et al., 2014

ibuprofen marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central <RL ng/g ww min-max

Solvent extraction-SPE-LC-MS/MSLowest calibration point: 3,75 ng/ml


naproxen marine mollusc wild




mefenamic acid marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast ND-< 23 ng/g dw mean SPE-LC-MS/MS

LOQ: 23ng/gMcEneff et al., 2014

salicylic acid marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast 0-490 ng/g dw min-max U-HPLC-MS/MS

LOQ: 10 ng/g Wille et al., 2011

lipid regulators and cholesterol lowering statin drugsgemfibrozil marine mollusc wild Pacific, Eastern

Central<RL ng/g ww min-max Solvent extraction-SPE-LC-

MS/MSKlosterhaus et al., 2013

Lowest calibration point: 0,375 ng/ml

gemfibrozil marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast ND ng/g dw mean SPE-LC-MS/MS


psychiatric drugs

alprazolam marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-0,8 ng/g dw min-max

PLE-SPE-UHPLC-MSLOD: 0,01-0,02 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,03-0,08 ng/g dw

Alvarez-Muñoz et. al. 2015

carbamazepine marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast 0-11 ng/g dw min-max U-HPLC-MS/MS


carbamazepine marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central 1,3-5,3 ng/g ww min-max



carbamazepine marine mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea / local markets in the Montpellierarea

<MDL-3,5 ng/g dw min-max

QuEChERS/centrifugation/HR-MSLOD:0,1ng/gLOQ:0,03 ng/g

Martínez Bueno et al., 2013

carbamazepine marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast ND-<6 ng/g dw mean SPE-LC-MS/MS


carbamazepine marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-2,1 ng/g dw min-max



citalopram marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-1,9 ng/g dw min-max

PLE/SPE/UHPLC-MSLOD: 0,01-0,06 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,02-0,14 ng/g dw


diazepam marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central <RL ww min-max



diazepam marine fish liver wild America, North 23-110 ng/g ww/ min-max/ SPE-LC-MS/MS Maruya et al.,

- Inland waters 56 ng/g ww mean LOD: 4-10 ug/kg 2012

epoxycarbamazepine marine mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-1,3 ng/g dw min-max

PLE-SPE-UHPLC-MSLOD: 0,01 -0,02 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,03-0,05 ng/g dw


hydroxycarbamazepine marine mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-1,3 ng/g dw min-max

PLE-SPE-UHPLC-MSLOD: 0,01 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,02-0,03 ng/g dw


O-demethylvenlafaxine

marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MQL-1,4 ng/g dw min-max


Alvarez-Muñoz et al., 2015

sertraline marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central 1,4 ng/g dw mean

Solvent extraction-SPE-LC-MS/MSReporting Limit (RL): 0,23 ng/g ww

Dodder et al., 2014

sertraline marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central 0,1-1,4 ng/g ww min-max



venlafaxine marine mollusc wild

Mediterranean and Black Sea / local markets in the Montpellierarea

<MQL-2,7 ng/g dw min-max

QuEChERS/centrifugation/HRMSLOD:0,1ng/gLOQ:0,5 ng/g

Martínez Bueno et al., 2014

venlafaxine marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea 2,1-2,7 ng/g dw min-max



histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists

diphenhydramine marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

β-blocking agents

atenolol marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

atenolol marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central <RL-0,3 ng/g ww min-max



metoprolol marine mollusc wild




propanolol marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast 0-63 ng/g dw min-max U-HPLC-MS/MS


antihypertensives

valsartan marine mollusc wild


Solvent extraction-SPE-LC-MS/MSLowest calibration point: 1 ng/ml


antihelmintics

thiabendazole marine mollusc wild




tranquilizer

azaperone marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-1.6 ng/g dw min-max



stimulant drugsamphetamine marine mollusc wild Pacific, Eastern 2,3 ng/g dw mean Solvent extraction-SPE-LC- Dodder et al.,

Central MS/MSReporting Limit (RL): 2,69 ng/g ww

2014

caffeine marine mollusc wild




caffeine marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Eastern Central 14 ng/g dw mean


Dodder et al., 2014

cocaine marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

methylprednisolone marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

calcium channel blockers

diltiazem marine mollusc wild




diltiazem marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-1,5 ng/g dw min-max



antibacterial/antifungal

azithromycin marine mollusc wildMediterranean and Black Sea 1,2-3,0 ng/g dw min-max



amitriptyline marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

ciprofloxacin marine mollusc wildPacific, Northwest 0-208 ng/g dw /

14,54 ng/g dwmin-max/ mean

LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,1 μg/kgLOQ: 0,3 μg/kg

Li et al., 2012

clarithromycin marine mollusc wild




enrofloxacin marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

erythromycin marine mollusc wildPacific, Northwest 0-31,3 ng/g dw /



Li et al., 2012

erythromycin marine mollusc wild




erythromycin marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

florfenicol marine fish nm

local supermarket 0,6-3,4 ng/g mean

Precipitation/centrifugation/filtration; SPE; derivatization, BSTFA-TMCS 99:1; GC-MSLOD: 0,5 ng/Kg

Azzouz et al., 2011

lomefloxacin marine mollusc wild Pacific, Eastern Central

29 ng/g dw mean Solvent extraction-SPE-LC-MS/MSReporting Limit (RL): 1,42

Dodder et al., 2014

ng/g ww

ofloxacin marine mollusc wildPacific, Northwest 0-242 ng/g dw /



Li et al., 2012

ofloxacin marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast 0-65 ng/g dw min-max U-HPLC-MS/MS


ofloxacin marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

ronidazole marine molusk wildMediterranean and Black Sea <MDL-1,8 ng/g dw min-max



sulfamethazine marine mollusc wild



Dodder et al., 2014

sulfamethoxazole marine mollusc wild

Pacific, Northwest 0,0-20,10 ng/g

dw / 1,01 ng/g dwmin-max/ mean


Li et al., 2012

sulfamethoxazole marine mollusc wild




total macrolides marine mollusc wild

Asia -Inland waters 1-36,21 ng/g dw min-max

PLE-SPE-LC-MS/MS (HPLC) + Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 0,04-0,6 ug/kgLOQ: 0,06-0,6 ug/kg

Li et al., 2012

total quinolones marine mollusc wild

Asia -Inland waters 0,71-1575 ng/g dw min-max

PLE, SPE, LC-MS/MS (HPLC) + Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 0,1-0,3 ug/kgLOQ: 0,3-0,6 ug/kg

Li et al., 2012

total sulfonamides marine mollusc wild

Asia -Inland waters 1-76,75 ng/g dw min-max

PLE, SPE, LC-MS/MS (HPLC) + Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 0,02-0,05 ug/kgLOQ: 0,06-0,6 ug/kg

Li et al., 2012

triclocarban marine fish wild

Pacific, Western Central 0,004-157 ng/g lw min-max

High Speed Solvent Ectraction (HSSE), silica gel clean up, UFLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,001-0,015 ng/gLOQ: 0,003-0,049 ng/g

Ramaswamy et al., 2011

triclocarban marine fish wildPacific, Western Central

27-39,9 ng/g lw min-maxHSSE, silica gel clean up, UFLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,001-0,006 ng/glw

Kim et al., 2011

triclocarban marine mollusc wild


Solvent extraction-SPE/ LC-MS/MSLowest calibration point: 0,75 ng/ml


triclosan marine fish wild

Pacific, Western Central 0,021-507 ng/g lw min-max

HSSE, silica gel clean up, UFLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,001-0,015 ng/gLOQ: 0,003-0,049 ng/g


triclosan marine fish wildPacific, Western Central

39,9-278 ng/g lw min-maxHSSE-UFLC–MS/MSLOD: 6 pg/g lwLOQ: 21 pg/g lw

Kim et al., 2011

trimethoprim marine mollusc wild Atlantic, Northeast

<4-9,22±1,54 ng/g dw mean SPE-LC-MS/MS


trimethoprim marine mollusc wild


Solvent extraction-SPE/ LC-MS/MSLowest calibration point: 0,375 ng/ml


polycyclic musks

galaxolide (HHCB) marine fish farmed, wild

America, North - Inland waters; aquaculture

<1-3,2 ng/g ww min-maxGC-MSLOD: 1 ng/g wet weight Kannan et al.,

2005

galaxolide (HHCB) marine crustacean wild, farmed

Seafood market survey USA and other countries (Mexico, India, Equador, Thailand, China and others).

48-762 ng/g lw min-max

GC-MS-EILOD/LOQ: nm

Sapozhnikova et al., 2010

tonalide (AHTN) marine fish farmed, wild America, North - Inland waters <1-1,6 ng/g ww min-max CG-MS

LOD: 1 ng/g wet weightKannan et al., 2005

tonalide (AHTN) marine crustacean wild, farmed

Seafood market survey USA and other countries (Mexico, India, Equador, Thailand, China and others).

ND-384 ng/g lw min-max

GC-MS-EILOD/LOQ: nm

Sapozhnikova et al., 2010

musk ketone marine mollusc, crustacean

wild Aquaculture, Europe – Inland waters, Atlantic, Northeast

10-50 ng/g lw / 30-40 ng/g lw

min-max / mean

GC-ECDLOD: 0,01 mg/kg lipid

Rimkus et al., 1995

musk xylene marine mollusc, crustacean

wild Aquaculture, Europe – Inland waters, Atlantic, Northeast

10-40 ng/g lw / 10-20 ng/g lw

min-max / mean


Rimkus et al., 1995

preservatives

butylparaben marine fish wild

Pacific, Western Central <0,003-70 ng/g lw min-max



butylparaben marine fish wildPacific, Western Central

6,61-37,3 ng/g lw min-maxHSSE, silica gel clean up, UFLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,001-0,006 ng/glw

Kim et al., 2011

butylparaben fish, mollusc, crustacean nm

several local grocery stores in Albany, New York, UnitedStates

ND−0,068 ng/g ww / 0,009 ng/g ww

min-max / mean

HPLC-MS/MSLOQ: 0,01 ng/g

Liao et al., 2013

ethylparaben marine fish wild

Pacific, Western Central

<0,011-840 ng/g lw min-max



ethylparaben marine fish wildPacific, Western Central

46,6-195 ng/g lw min-maxHSSE-UFLC–MS/MSLOD: 3 pg/gLOQ: 11 pg/g

Kim et al., 2011

ethylparaben fish, mollusc, crustacean nm


ND−2,27 ng/g ww / 0,11 ng/g ww

min-max / mean


Liao et al., 2013

methylparaben marine fish wild


<0,05-3600 ng/g lw min-max



methylparaben marine fish wildPacific, Western Central

605-1580 ng/g lw min-maxHSSE-UFLC–MS/MSLOD: 15 pg/gLOQ: 49 pg/g

Kim et al., 2011

methylparaben fish, mollusc, crustacean nm


ND−12,2 ng/g ww / 1,09 ng/g ww

min-max / mean


Liao et al., 2013

propylparaben marine fish wild Pacific, <0,024-1100 ng/g min-max HSSE-silica gel clean up, UFLC- Ramaswamy et

Western Central lw

MS/MSLOD: 0,001-0,015 ng/gLOQ: 0,003-0,049 ng/g

al., 2011

propylparaben marine fish wildPacific, Western Central

46,6-129 ng/g lw min-maxHSSE-UFLC–MS/MSLOD: 7 pg/gLOQ: 24 pg/g

Kim et al., 2011

propylparaben Fish, mollusc, crustacean nm


ND−0,408 ng/g ww / 0,093 ng/g ww

min-max / mean


Liao et al., 2013

benzylparaben fish, mollusc, crustacean nm


ND−2,47 ng/g ww / 0,129 ng/g ww

min-max / mean


Liao et al., 2013

UV filters

2-ethylhexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC)

marine mollusc wild

Atlantic Northeast; Mediterranean and black sea

3-256 ng/g dw min-max

GC-MSLOD: 2 ng/g dwLOQ: 5 ng/g dw

Bachelot et al., 2012

benzophenone marine bivalves WildMediterranean and black sea <3 ng/g dw min-max

Sonication extraction/Florisil clean up/HPLC-ESI-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Pojana et al., 2007

octocrylene (OCT) marine mollusc wild


2-7112 ng/g dw min-max



octyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (OD-PABA)

marine mollusc wild


ND min-max



total UV filters marine fish wild Pacific, ND-179 ng/g lw min-max HSSE, silica gel clean up, Kim et al., 2011

Western Central

UFLC-MS/MSLOD: 0,002-0,009 ng/g lw

GC: Gas Chromatography, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HR: High-Resolution, HSSE: High Speed Solvent Ectraction, LC: Liquid Chromatography, MAE: Microwave Assited Extraction, MS: Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS: tandem Mass Spectrometry, nm: not mentioned, PLE: Pressured Liquid Extraction, Quenchers: Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective,Rugged and Safe, SPE: Solid phase extraction, Q trap: Triple quadrupole/linear ion trap, UFLC : Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography, UHPLC: Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HR: High-Resolution, LC: Liquid Chromatography

Table S5: Levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in freshwater biota


mean/medianMethod

LOD/LOQ Reference

analgesics/anti-inflammatories

acetminophen / paracetamol

freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL ng/g ww min-max LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,30 ng/gLOQ: 0,99 ng/g

Ramirez et al., 2007

celecobix freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL-430 ng/g ww

min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: nm

Du et al., 2014

celecobix freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

ND min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: nm

Du et al., 2014

codeïne freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL ng/g ww min-max LC-MS/MSLOD: 1,07ng/gLOQ: 3,55 ng/g


diclofenac freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

4,1-8,8 ng/g dw mean PLE –GPC-UPLC-Q-Trap analysisMDL: 0,50 ng/g dwMQL: 1,66 ng/g dw

Huerta et al., 2012a

diclofenac freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL-33 ng/g ww

min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: nm

Du et al., 2014

diclofenac freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

<MDL-0,54 ng/g ww

mean Isotope dilution-SGC-SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,048 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,32 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

ethenzamide freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

<MDL mean Isotope dilution-SGC-SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,025 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,086 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

ibuprofen freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

<MDL-2,9 ng/g ww


Tanoue et al., 2014

indomethacin freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

1,2-3,3 ng/g ww mean Isotope dilution-SGC-SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,029 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,19 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

mefenamic acid freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

<MDL-8,2 ng/g ww


Tanoue et al., 2014

bezafibrate freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

<MDL mean Isotope dilution-SGC-SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,022 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,10

Tanoue et al., 2014

ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

clofibric acid freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters


Tanoue et al., 2014

feniofibric acid freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

<MDL mean Isotope dilution-SGC- SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,031 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,26 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

lipid regulators and cholesterol lowering statin drugsgemfibrozil freshwater fish wild America,

North - Inland waters



gemfibrozil freshwater fish (fillet, liver)

wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL- 90 ng/g liver

min-max Rotatory extraction-centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 25 ng/g liver


gemfibrozil freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


ND ww fillet , 11-34 ng/g ww liver

min-max LC-MS/MS (ESI)LOD: 7,5 ng/g (10μl), fillet 1,3 ng/g (100μl) fillet 7,3 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2012

atorvastatin freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<0,25 ng/g ww mean SPME-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,08-0,21LOQ: 0,09-0,64 ng/g

Togunde et al., 2012

atorvastatin brackish water fish (plasma)


ND mean Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer-cetrifuged-LC-MS/MS

Gelsleichter et al., 2013

LOD: 0,3 ng/mlLOQ: 1,25 ng/ml

psychiatric drugscarbamazepine freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland

waters<MDL- 0,068 ng/g ww

mean Isotope dilution-SGC-SPE-LCMSLOD: 0,0092 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,19 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

carbamazepine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<40 ng/g ww mean SPME-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,08-0,21LOQ: 0,09-0,64 ng/g


carbamazepine freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL-1,9 ng/g ww

min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: 0,55 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,19 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 0,94 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2014


0,83-1,44 ng/g ww / 1,16 ng/g ww

min-max/ mean

LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,03ng/gLOQ: 0,12 ng/g


carbamazepine freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL-3,1 ng/g fillet; <MDL-8 ng/g liver

min-max Rotatory extraction-centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 0,54 ng/g muscle, 1,9 ng/g liver


carbamazepine freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL-0,60 ng/g ww fillet; <MDL-1,1 ng/g ww liver

min-max LC-MS/MS (ESI)LOD: 0,55 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,19 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 0,19 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2012


ND-0,60 ng/g ww/0,20 ng/g dw

min-max/ mean

PLE with methyl chloride, mix-mode cation exchange-SPE-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,10 ng/g

Wang and Gardinali, 2012

carbamazepine freshwater fish, liver wild Europe - Inland waters

1,03 ng/g ww muscle/ 0,77 ng/g ww liver

mean Extraction solvent-LC-MS/MS (ESI)LOD: 1 ng/g

Garcia et al., 2012

citalopram freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

0,8 ng/g dw mean PLE extraction-GPC clean-up-UPLC-Q-Trap analysisMDL: 0,12 ng/g dwMQL: 0,41 ng/g dw


citalopram freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<LOQ-2,9 ng/g ww

mean PLE cleaned up MCX cartridge SPE-LC-MS/MS Q Trap chemical ionization (APCI)LOQ: 0,5 ug/kg

Metcalfe et al., 2010

citalopram brackish water fish (plasma)


ND-0,40 ng/ml plasma

mean Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer- centrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,10 ng/mlLOQ: 0,25 ng/ml


desmethylcitalopram


ND-2,84 ng/g ww mean PLE cleaned up MCX cartridge SPE-LC-MS/MS Q Trap chemical ionization (APCI)LOQ: 0,5 ug/kg


Desmethyl sertraline




desmethylcital freshwater fish (fillet, wild America, 8,5-12 ng/g ww min-max LC-MS/MS (ESI) Du et al., 2012

opram liver) North - Inland waters

fillet; 140-600 ng/g ww liver

LOD: 3,7 ng/g (10μl), fillet 1,2 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 8,1 ng/g liver

desmethylsertraline

freshwater fish wild Europe – Inland waters

1,65-4,72 ng/g ww

min-max PLE-GPC-LC-MS/MSLOD:0,2 ng/g ww

Subedi et al., 2012

desmethylcitalopram

freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

nd-97 ng/g ww min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: nm

Du et al., 2014

diazepam freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL fillet ww, <MDL-10 ng/g ww liver

min-max LC-MS/MS (ESI)LOD: 4 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,78 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 8,6 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2012

fluoxetine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<0,64-4,0 ng/g ww

mean SPME-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,08-0,21LOQ: 0,09-0,64 ng/g


fluoxetine freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

ND-22 ng/g ww min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: 5,3 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,78 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 5,7 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2014

fluoxetine brackish water fish (plasma)


ND- <MQL ng/ml plasma

mean Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer-cetrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,15 ng/mlLOQ: 0,25 ng/ml





fluoxetine freshwater fish (liver) wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL- 80 ng/g liver

min-max Rotatory extraction-centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 12 ng/g liver


fluoxetine freshwater fish (fillet; wild America, ND ng/g ww fillet; min-max LC-MS/MS (ESI) Du et al., 2012

liver) North - Inland waters

18-86 ng/g ww liver

LOD: 5,3 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,78 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 5,7 ng/g liver

fluoxetine freshwater fish (fillet; liver)


0,11±0,03 ng/g ww fillet, 1,34±0,65 ng/g ww liver

mean GC-MS in the negative chemical ionization modeLOD: 0,01 ng/gLOQ: 0,05 ng/g

Brooks et al., 2005


ND-1,02 ng/g ww min-max PLE –SPE- LC–APCI-MS/MSLOD: 0,02 ug/kgLOQ: 0,07 ug/kg

Chu and Metcalfe, 2007


ND-< lod ng/g ww mean PLE cleaned up MCX cartridge SPE-LC-MS/MS Q Trap chemical ionization (APCI)LOQ: 0,5 ug/kg


fluvoxamine brackish water fish (plasma)



min-max Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer- centrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,10 ng/mlLOQ: 1,00 ng/ml


N-desmethylvenlafaxine




norfluoxetine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

3,49-5,14 ng/g ww; 4,37 ng/g ww

min-max LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,32 ng/gLOQ: 1,08 ng/g


norfluoxetine freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL-5 ng/g ww fillet,<33-130 ng/g liver

min-max Rotatory extraction-centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 2,9 ng/g muscle, 15 ng/g liver


norfluoxetine freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


ND ww fillet, 15-110 ww ng/g liver


Du et al., 2012

norfluoxetine freshwater fish (fillet; liver)


1,07±0,41 ng/g ww fillet; 10,27±5,73 ng/g ww liver

mean GC-MS in the negative chemical ionization modeLOD: 0,01ng/gLOQ: 0,05ng/g

Brooks et al., 2005


ND-1,08 ng/g ww min-max PLE-SPE -LC–APCI-MS/MSLOD: 0,04 ug/kgLOQ: 0,14 ug/kg



<0,64 ng/g ww mean SPME-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,08-0,21LOQ: 0,09-0,64 ng/g


norfluoxetine freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL-13 ng/g ww


Du et al., 2014

norfluoxetine brackish water fish (plasma)



min-max Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer-cetrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 1,5 ng/mlLOQ: 2,5 ng/ml


paroxetine brackish water fish (plasma)

wild America, North - Inland


min-max Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-


waters mixer-cetrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,5 ng/mlLOQ: 1,25 ng/ml

paroxetine freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


< mdl ww fillet; 6,4-13 ng/g ww liver


Du et al., 2012

paroxetine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

ND-0,58 ug/kg ww

min-max PLE-SPE-LC–APCI-MS/MSLOD: 0,07 ug/kgLOQ: 0,24 ug/kg


paroxetine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<0,14-0,40 ng/g ww



sertraline freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<0,24-2,09 ng/g ww



sertraline freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

nd-370 ng/g ww min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: 2,1 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,53 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 9,6 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2014

sertraline freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters


Tanoue et al., 2014

sertraline brackish water fish (plasma)



min-max Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer- centrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,10 ng/ml


LOQ: 0,25 ng/mlsertraline freshwater fish wild America,




sertraline freshwater fish (fillet, liver)


<MDL- 19 ng/g ww fillet, < 21 - 545 ng/g liver

min-max Rotatory extraction-centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 3,6 ng/g muscle, 17 ng/g liver


sertraline freshwater fish (fillet; liver)


ND fillet; 75-110 ng/g ww liver


Du et al., 2012

sertraline freshwater fish (fillet; liver)


0,34±0,09 ng/g ww fillet, 3,59±1,67 ng/g ww liver

mean GC-MS in the negative chemical ionization modeLOD: 0,01 ng/gLOQ: 0,05 ng/g

Brooks et al., 2005

sertraline freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<LOQ-3,83 ng/g ww

mean PLE cleaned up MCX cartridge SPE-LC-MS/MS Q Trap chemical ionization (APCI)LOQ: 0,5 ug/kg


venlafaxine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<0,09-17 ng/g ww mean SPME-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,08-0,21LOQ: 0,09-0,64 ng/g


venlafaxine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters



venlafaxine freshwater fish wild Europe – Inland waters

0,6 ng/g dw mean PLE –GPC-UPLC-Q-Trap analysisMDL: 0,04 ng/g dwMQL: 0,15 ng/g dw


venlafaxine brackish water fish (plasma)


<MQL-0,53 ng/ml plasma

min-max Extraction with n-butyl chloride by vortex-mixer-cetrifuged-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,10 ng/mlLOQ: 0,25 ng/ml


histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonistscimetidine freshwater fish wild America,




crotamiton freshwater fish wild Asia – Inland waters


Tanoue et al., 2014

diphenhydramine

freshwater fish wild Asia – Inland waters

0,68-23 ng/g ww mean Isotope dilution-SGC-SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,011 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,066 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

diphenhydramine


0,45-25 ng/g ww min-max Isotope dilution-LC-MSLOD: 0,07 ng/g (10μl), fillet 0,04 ng/g (100μl) fillet , 6,0 ng/g liver

Du et al., 2014

diphenhydramine


0,66-1,32 ng/g ww / 0,96 ng/g ww

min-max/mean

LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,01 ng/gLOQ: 0,03 ng/g


diphenhydrami freshwater fish (fillet, wild America, <MDL-2,5 ng/g min-max Rotatory extraction- Ramirez et al., 2009

ne liver) North - Inland waters

ww fillet ; <MDL-11,1 ng/g liver

centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Qtrap (ESI)LOD: 0,05 ng/g muscle, 0,26 ng/g liver

diphenhydramine

freshwater fish (fillet; liver)


0,14-0,31 ng/g ww fillet; <MDL-8,6 ng/g ww liver


Du et al., 2012

diphenhydramine

freshwater fish wild Europe – inland waters

0,04-0,07 ng/g ww

min-max PLE-GPC-LC-MS/MS + Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 0,04 ng/g

Subedi et al., 2012

diphenhydramine


0,08-0,97 ng/g ww / 0,55 ng/g dw

min-max/ mean

PLE with methyl chloride-mix-mode cation exchange-SPE-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,08 ng/g


β-blocking agentsatenolol freshwater fish wild America,




carazolol freshwater fish wild Europe – Inland waters

3,8 ng/g dw mean PLE-GPC-UPLC-Q Trap analysisMDL: 0,12 ng/g dwMQL: 0,41 ng/g dw


metoprolol freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters



propanolol freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL ng/g ww min-max LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,01ng/gLOQ: 0,03 ng/g


propanolol freshwater fish wild Europe – Inland waters

4,2 ng/g dw mean PLE -GPC-UPLC-Q Trap analysisMDL: 0,09 ng/g dw


MQL: 0,29 ng/g dwantihypertensiveslorsatan freshwater fish wild Asia – Inland

waters<MDL mean Isotope dilution-SGC-

SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,021 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 0,053 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

sidenafil citrate brackish water fish wild America, North - Inland waters

ND min-max Gelsleichter et al., 2013

to treat asthmasalbutamol freshwater fish wild Europe –

Inland waters2,6 ng/g dw mean PLE -GPC-UPLC-Q-Trap

analysisMDL: 0,07 ng/g dwMQL: 0,25 ng/g dw


anticoagulantwarfarin freshwater fish wild America,




antihelminticsthiabendazole freshwater fish wild America,




stimulant drugscaffeine freshwater fish wild America,




caffeine freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

ND-4,5 ng/g ww/1,3 ng/g dw

min-max/ mean

PLE with methyl chloride-mix-mode cation exchange SPE-LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,81 ng/g


caffeine freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<MDL-21,40 ng/g dw

min-max QuEChERS-UHPLC-MS/MSLOD:0,03-0,17 ng/g dwLOQ: 0,08-0,51 mg/g dw


calcium channel blockersdiltiazem freshwater fish wild America,


0,11-0,27 ng/g ww / 0,21 ng/g ww

min-max/ mean

LC-MS/MSLOD: 0,04 ng/gLOQ: 0,13 ng/g


diltiazem freshwater fish; liver wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL-0,2 ng/g ww fillet; <MDL-0,9 ng/g liver

min-max Rotatory extraction-centrifuge-LC-MS/MS+ Q Trap (ESI)LOD: 0,12 ng/g muscle, 0,26 ng/g liver


diltiazem freshwater fish fillet; liver


<MDL ng/g ww fillet; <MDL-0,86 ng/g ww liver


Du et al., 2012

diltiazem freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL-0,37 ng/g ww


Du et al., 2014

antibacterial/antifungalerythromycin freshwater fish wild America,




methyltriclosan freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<2-365 ng/g lw; <0,01-35 ng/g ww

min-max GC-MSLOD: <1 ng/g-5 ng/g

Balmer et al., 2004

methyltriclosan freshwater fish wild Europe – Inland waters

47-1010 ng/g lw; 1,0-33 ng/g ww

mean GC-MSLOQ: 0,25 ng/g ww or 13–63 ng/g lw

Rüdel et al., 2013

sulfamethoxazo freshwater fish wild America, <MDL ng/g ww min-max LC-MS/MS Ramirez et al., 2007

le North - Inland waters

LOD: 0,23 ng/gLOQ: 0,76 ng/g

triclocarban freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters


Tanoue et al., 2014

triclosan freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

<MDL ww fillet min-max GC-MS/MSLOD: 38 ng/g


triclosan freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters

21±4 ng/g ww mean GC–SIM–MSLOD: 5,5 ng/g

Mottaleb et al, 2008

triclosan freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<2-69 ng/g lw; <0,2-3,4 ng/g ww

mean GC-MSLOQ: 0,20 ng/g ww or 3,0–50 ng/g lw

Rüdel et al., 2013

triclosan freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<MDL-1,25 ng/g dw



triclosan freshwater fish wild Asia - Inland waters

19-22 ng/g ww mean Isotope dilution-Silica Gel Chromatography- SPE-LC-MSLOD: 0,57 ng/g ww (fish plasma), 1,1 ng/g ww (fish liver/brain)

Tanoue et al., 2014

trimethoprim freshwater fish wild America, North - Inland waters



polycyclic musks2-amino musk freshwater fish, mollusc wild Europe – <2-100 ng/g lw; min-max GC-MS Gatermann et al.,

xylene Inland waters 0,2-1,6 ng/g ww LOD: 5 ng/g lipid 20022-amino musk ketone

freshwater fish, mollusc wild Europe – Inland waters

7-180 ng/g lw; 0,04-4,7 ng/g ww

min-max GC-MSLOD: 4 ng/g lipid

Gatermann et al., 2002

4-amino musk xylene


55-3600 ng/g lw; 2-30 ng/g ww



celestolide (ABDI)


<0,13-600 ng/g lw min-max GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

celestolide (ABDI)

freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-18,3 ng/g ww / 0,41-1,14 ng/g ww

min-max / mean

GC-MSLOD: 0,03 µg/kg

Duedahl-Olesen et al., 2005

celestolide (ABDI)


ND min-max GC-MS-SIMLOD: 1 ng/g

Draisci et al., 1998

galaxolide (HHCB)

freshwater fish, mollusc wild Europe - Inland waters

0,06-3,61 mg/kg ww; 4,8-155 mg/kg lw

min-max GC-MSnm

Franke et al., 1999

galaxolide (HHCB)


<4-47 ng/g min-max GC-MS-SIMLOD: 4 ng/g


galaxolide (HHCB)


569±256 ng/g ww mean Rotatory extraction with acetone, clean up on a silica gel column, derivatization and GC-MS (SIM)LOD: 5,0 ng/g


galaxolide (HHCB)


<100-2100 ng/g ww

min-max GC-MS/MSLOD: 12 ng/g


galaxolide (HHCB)


4600-160000 ng/g lw; 43-3600 ng/g ww



galaxolide (HHCB)

freshwater fish, mollusc, crustacean


<LOQ-3000 ng/g lw; 2-29 ng/g ww



galaxolide (HHCB)

freshwater fish farmed aquaculture 1,5-4,97 ng/g ww / 5,87-8,54 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



galaxolide (HHCB)

anadromous fish (fillet, liver)


<LOQ ng/g ww fillet; 4 ng/g ww liver

mean GC-MSLOD: 1,3 ng/g

Wan et al., 2007

galaxolide (HHCB)


<14-13700 ng/g lw

mean GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

musk ambrette freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-1,93 ng/g ww /0,32-0,73 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



musk ketone freshwater fish, mollusc, crustacean


76-17700 ng/g lw; 13-140 ng/g ww



musk ketone freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

< 13- 295 ng/g lw mean GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

musk ketone freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-5,16 ng/g ww /0,65-1,02 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



musk ketone freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

300-1800 ng/g lw; 2-65 ng/g ww



musk ketone freshwater fish wild, farmed Aquaculture, Europe – Inland waters, Atlantic, Northeast

<10-380 ng/g lw / 20-140 ng/g lw

min-max / mean


Rimkus et al., 1995

musk moskene freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-14,6ng/g ww /1,03 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



musk xylene freshwater, marine fish, wild, farmed Aquaculture, <10-1060 ng/g min-max / GC-ECD Rimkus et al., 1995

mollusc, crustacean Europe – Inland waters, Atlantic, Northeast

lw / 10-330 ng/g lw

mean LOD: 0,01 mg/kg lipid

musk xylene freshwater fish, mollusc, crustacean


<LOQ-110 ng/g lw; 0,3-0,8 ng/g ww



musk xylene freshwater fish, mollusc wild Europe – Inland waters

<3- 273 ng/g lw mean GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

musk xylene freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-1,59 ng/g ww /0,54-0,76 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



musk xylene freshwater fish, mollusc wild America, North - Inland waters

18-440 ng/g lw, 0,14-41 ng/g ww



phantolide (AHMI)


<3-642 ng/g lw mean GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

phantolide (AHMI)

freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-21,5 ng/g ww /1,16 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



tonalide (AHTN)


0,05-3,22 mg/kg ww; 2,6 - 45 mg/kg lw

min-max GC-MSLOD: 1 ng/g wet weight

Franke et al., 1999

tonalide (AHTN)


ND-105 ng/g min-max GC-MS-SIMLOD: 3 ng/g


tonalide (AHTN)


58±23 ng/g ww mean GC–SIM–MSLOD: 4,8 ng/g


tonalide (AHTN)

anadromous fish fillet, liver)


<LOQ ng/g ww fillet; 0,22 ng/g ww liver

mean GC-MSLOD: 0,5 ng/g

Wan et al., 2007

tonalide (AHTN)


<21-290 ng/g ww min-max GC-MS/MSLOD: 13 ng/g


tonalide (AHTN)

freshwater fish, mollusc, crustacean


<LOQ-1100 ng/g lw; 2-9 ng/g ww



tonalide (AHTN)


<3-2160 ng/g lw mean GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

tonalide (AHTN)

freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-21,5 ng/g ww /2,24-2,70 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



tonalide (AHTN)


2600-45000 ng/g lw, 34-1500 ng/g



traseolide (ATII) freshwater fish, mollusc wild Europe - Inland waters

<13-1230 ng/g lw min-max GC-MS/MSLOQ: between 0,1 and 0,5 ng/g wet weight

Rüdel et al., 2006

traseolide (ATII) freshwater fish farmed aquaculture ND-15,4 ng/g ww /0,40-0,73 ng/g ww

min-max / mean



preservativesmethylparaben freshwater fish wild Europe -

Inland waters<MDL-84,69 ng/g dw



propylparaben freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<MDL-3,48 ng/g dw



benzylparaben freshwater fish wild Europe - Inland waters

<MDL-0,54 ng/g dw



UV filtersbenzophenone freshwater fish wild America,


57±18 ng/g ww mean Rotatory extraction with acetone, clean up on a silica gel column, derivatization and GC-MS (SIM)LOD: 7,5 ng/g


APCI: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization, ECD: Electron Capture Detector, ESI: Electrospray Ionisation, GC: Gas Chromatography, GPC: gel permeation chromatography, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HR: High-Resolution, HSSE: High Speed Solvent Ectraction, LC: Liquid Chromatography, MAE: Microwave Assited Extraction, MS: Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS: tandem Mass Spectrometry, nm: not mentioned, PLE: Pressured Liquid Extraction, Quenchers: Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective,Rugged and Safe, SGC: Silica Gel Chromatography, SIM: selected ion monitoring, SPE: Solid phase extraction, SPME: Solid Phase Microextraction, Q Trap: Triple quadrupole/linear ion trap, UFLC : Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography, UHPLC: Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HR: High-Resolution, LC: Liquid Chromatography

Table S6: Available publications concerning the occurrence and quantification of microplastics in fish and seafood

Contaminant MatrixProcessed/wild/

farmed Origin Levels Method Reference

microplastics marine mollusc

wild/farmed farmed: mussel farms at the Eastern Scheldt/ wild: North sea

2,6 – 5,1 total fibres / 10g ww acid destruction whole organism

De witte et al., 2014


wild/farmed farmed: aquaculture site off the west coast of Newfoundland and Labrador / wild: McCormack’s Beach and Rainbow Haven Beach back lagoon, Canada

178 fibres/ farmed mussel; 126 fibres/ wild mussel

H2O2 treatment whole mussel; Saline (NaCl) solution floatation and filtration; visual inspection under microscope

Mathalon and Hill, 2014

microplastics marine fish wild North Sea 2,6 % of the examined fish contained microplastics

KOH digestion digestive tract Foekema et al., 2013

microplastics marine fish wild English Channel 36.5 % of the examined fish containedplastics; 1,90 ± 0,10 particles / fish

visual inspection digestive tract under microscope; identification of plastic type with FT-IR spectroscopy

Lusher et al., 2013


farmed mussel farm in Germany/ bought in a supermarket and originated fromBrittany, France

Mytilus edulis: 0,36 ± 0,07 particles/g ww; Crassostrea gigas: 0,47 ± 0,16 particles/g ww

acid destruction whole organism; identification of plastic type with micro-Raman spectroscopy

Van Cauwenberghe and Janssen, 2014

microplastics freshwater fish

wild French rivers 12 % of collected fish are contaminated by microplastics

visual inspection digestive tract under microscope

Sanchez et al., 2014

microplastics marine fish wild North Sea and Baltic Sea 5,5 % of all analysed fishes had ingested plastic

visual inspection digestive tract under microscope; identification of plastic type with FT-IR spectroscopy

Rummel, 2014

microplastics marine crustacean

wild Clyde sea 83 % of animals contained plastics in stomach

visual inspection stomach under microscope; further analysis of ingested items with SEM and micro-Raman spectroscopy

Murray and Cowie, 2011

microplastics marine fish wild Goiana Estuary, Brazil plastic fragments were found in 7,9% of the fish

visual inspection stomach under microscope

Dantas et al., 2012


wild North Sea 0.2 ± 0.3 particles/g ww acid destruction whole mussel; identification of plastic type with micro-Raman spectroscopy

Van Cauwenberghe and Janssen, 2015

Table S7: A small selection of the occurrence of the different marine toxins in fish and seafood

Contaminant Matrix Levels Origin Method LOD/LOQ Reference

azaspiracids

azaspiracids 2 mussels 6 µg/kg Mediterranean and Black Sea

LC-MS and Immunoassay kitLOD/LOQ: nm

Elgarch et al., 2008

azaspiracids oyster 2450 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-ESI-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Furey et al., 2003

azaspiracids mussels (Mytilus edulis) 314 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-ESI-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Furey et al., 2002

azaspiracids mussels (Mytilus edulis) 20-850 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Hess et al., 2005

azaspiracids mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

39-606 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast Q trap-MSLOD: 0,0021-0,0031 µg/gLOQ: 0,007-0,01 µg/g

Skrabáková et al., 2010

azaspiracids mussels (Mytilus edulis) 130-4200 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

James et al., 2002


900 µg/kg Mediterranean and Black Sea

LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Taleb et al., 2006


240 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-ESI- ion trap MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Magdalena et al., 2003

azaspiracids scallops (Pecten maximus)

20-320 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-ESI- ion trap MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Magdalena et al., 2003

azaspiracids 2 blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

5-16 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Vale, 2004

azaspiracids brown crabs (Cancer pagurus)

1,4-733 µg/kg Atlantic, Northeast LC–MSLOD: 0,0004 µg/gLOQ: 0,0012 µg/g

Torgersen et al., 2008

ciguatoxins

ciguatoxins fish 0,1-52,9 µg/kg Not specified CBA and LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Dickey et al., 2008

ciguatoxins coral cod (Cephalopholis miniata)

1,6 µg equivalents Pacific ciguatoxin-1/kg

Pacific, Eastern Central

CBA and LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Dickey et al., 2008

ciguatoxins kingfish (Scomberomorus cavalla)

0,51 µg equivalents Caribbean ciguatoxin-1/kg

Atlantic, Western Central


Dickey et al., 2008

ciguatoxins red bass (Lutjanus bohar) 0,07 µg/kg Pacific,Western Central

HPLC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Stewart et al., 2010

ciguatoxins sawtooth barracuda (Sphyraena putnamae)

11,4 µg/kg Pacific,Western Central

HPLC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Stewart et al., 2010

ciguatoxins fish fillet (Seriola dumerilii)

0,058-6,23 ng/g Atlantic, Eastern Central

CBALOQ: 0.0096 ng CTX1B eq/ g

Caillaud et al., 2012

ciguatoxins fish fillet (raw and cooked)

1,6 and 2,1 ng/g Atlantic, Western Central


Abraham et al., 2012

ciguatoxins fish fillet, mollusc, sea urchin

0,008-0,059 ng/g (fish); 2,167 ng/g (giant clam); 0,050 ng/g (sea urchin)


CBALOQ: 0,026 ng P-CTX-3C eq/g

Pawlowiez et al., 2013

ciguatoxins lionfish (Pterois volitans) 0,3 ng/g Atlantic, Western Central

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Robertson et al., 2013

ciguatoxins amberjack (Seriola fasciata)

25,3 µg/kg 51-hydroxy-Pacific Ciguatoxin-3C

Atlantic, Eastern Central

MBA, LC-MS/MS, CBA and RBALOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010b

ciguatoxins amberjack (Seriola dumerili)

39,4 µg/kg 51-hydroxy-Pacific Ciguatoxin-3C

Atlantic, Eastern Central

MBA, LC-MS/MS, CBA and RBALOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010b

palytoxins

palytoxins marine invertebrates 373-625 µg/kg Mediterranean and black sea

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2009b

palytoxins marine invertebrates, crustaceans

1,2 x 106 mouse unit/individual

Pacific, Eastern Central

MBA and confirmation by LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Yasumoto et al., 1986

palytoxins marine invertebrates, crustaceans

350 haemolytic unit/g

Atlantic, Western Central

hemolysis test and HPLCLOD/LOQ: nm

Gleibs et al., 1995

palytoxins trigger fish (Melichtys vidua)

0,27 mouse unit/g


MBALOD/LOQ: nm

Fukui et al., 1987

palytoxins parrotfish (Scarus ovifrons)

0,5-2 mouse unit/g

Pacific, Northwest MBALOD/LOQ: nm

Taniyama et al., 2003

palytoxins butterfly fish (muscle) 71 µg/g Atlantic, Western Central

hemolysis test and HPLCLOD/LOQ: nm

Gleibs and Mebs, 1999

palytoxins sardine (Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus)

2-20 ng/fish Indian Ocean, Western

hemolysis test, MBA and chromatographic confirmationLOD/LOQ: nm

Onuma et al., 1999

palytoxins mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

33,3-97 µg/kg Mediterranean and Black Sea

MBA and HNALOD: 450 ng/kg

Aligizaki et al., 2008a

palytoxins mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

120-200 µg/kg Mediterranean and Black Sea

CBALOD: 0.5 ng /mlLOQ: 0.08 µg/kg

Belloci et al., 2008

palytoxins octopus 115 µg/kg p-palytoxin


LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Aligizaki et al., 2011

palytoxins octopus 971 µg/kg ovatoxin-a


LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Aligizaki et al., 2011

palytoxins sea-urchin 500 µg/kg Mediterranean and Black Sea

CBALOD: 0.5 ng /mlLOQ: 0.08 µg/kg

Belloci et al., 2008

palytoxins sea-urchin 450 µg/kg Mediterranean and Black Sea

LC-MS/MSLOD: 10 µg/kgLOQ: 25 µg/kg

Amzil et al., 2011

tetrodotoxins

tetrodotoxins trumpet shell (Charonia lampassauliae)

1510 μg/kg in meat; 255000 μg/kg in digestive glands

Spain LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Fernández-Ortega et al., 2010

tetrodotoxins gastropod (Nassarius) 1350 μg/kg China LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Huang et al., 2008

tetrodotoxins pufferfish (L.sceleratus)-liver

87 mg/kg Greece, Mediterranean and Black Sea

MBALOD: 1.10 µg/g

Katikou et al., 2009

tetrodotoxins pufferfish (L.sceleratus)-gonad


MBALOD: 1.10 µg/g


tetrodotoxins pufferfish (L.sceleratus)-gastrointestinal tract


MBALOD: 1.10 µg/g


tetrodotoxins pufferfish (L.sceleratus)-muscle


MBALOD: 1.10 µg/g.


tetrodotoxins pufferfish (L.sceleratus)-skin


MBALOD: 1.10 µg/g


tetrodotoxins pufferfish (L.sceleratus)-muscle

2,9 mg/ kg Greece, Mediterranean and Black Sea

UPLC–MS/MSLOD: 7.3 µg/kgLOQ: 24.5 µg/kg

Nzoughet et al., 2013

tetrodotoxins sea slug (P. maculata) 91-850 mg/kg New Zealand, Pacific, Southwest

LC-MS and Mouse bioassayLOD/LOQ: nm

McNabb et al., 2010

tetrodotoxins pufferfish (Takifugu oblongus)

1,64-356 mg/kg Thailand LC-MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Diener et al., 2007

cyclic imines

spirolid-C shellfish 4-25 µg/kg France, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010a

20-methyl spirolid-G shellfish 4-20 µg/kg France, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010a

13-desmethyl spirolid-C

shellfish 20-50 µg/kg France, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain

LC-MS/MSLOD: 0.8-20 µg/kgLOQ: 1,6-70 µg/kg

EFSA, 2010a

total equivalents of spirolides

shellfish 90 µg/kg France LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010a


shellfish 105 µg/kg Italy, , Mediterranean and Black Sea

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010a


shellfish 9,6 µg/kg The Netherlands, Atlantic, Northeast

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

EFSA, 2010a

13-desmethylspirolide C

blue mussels 226 mg/kg Norway, Atlantic, Northeast

LC-MS/MSLOQ: 0.5 µg/kg

Rundberget et al., 2011

acyl esters of spirolides

blue mussels N/A Norway, Atlantic, Northeast

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Aasen et al., 2006

pinnatoxin-G blue mussels 115 mg/kg Norway, Atlantic, Northeast


Rundberget et al., 2011

pinnatoxin-G blue mussels 80 μg/kg Canada LC-MS/MSLOQ: 1 µg/kg

McCarron et al., 2012

pinnatoxin-G blue mussels and clams 40 μg/kg France, Mediterranean and Black Sea


Hess et al., 2013

acyl ester metabolites of Pinnatoxins

blue mussels > 70 μg/kg Canada LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

McCarron et al., 2012

gymnodimine-A clams ND-2136 μg/kg Tunisia, Mediterranean and Black Sea

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Naila et al., 2012

gymnodimine-A clams 220 μg/kg Australia LC-MS/MS Takahashi et al., 2007

LOD: 0.05 µg/kggymnodimine-A oysters 43 μg/kg Australia LC-MS/MS

LOD: 0.05 µg/kgTakahashi et al., 2007

gymnodimine-A pacific oysters and mussels

N/A South Africa, Atlantic, Southeast

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Krock et al., 2009b

gymnodimine-A shellfish 6-41 μg/kg China LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

Liu et al., 2011b

acyl ester metabolites of gymnodimines

clams > 20000 μg/kg Tunisia, Mediterranean and Black Sea

LC-MS/MSLOD/LOQ: nm

De la Iglesia et al., 2013

CBA: cytotoxin B assay, ESI: Electrospray Ionisation, GC: Gas Chromatography, HNA: hemolysis neutralization assay, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, LC: Liquid Chromatography, MBA: Mouse bioassay, MS: Mass Spectrometry, MS/MS: tandem Mass Spectrometry, Q trap: Triple quadrupole/linear ion trap, RBA: Receptor Binding Assay

References

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Abraham, A., Jester, E.L.E., Granade, H.R., Plakas, S.M., Dickey, R.W., 2012. Caribbean ciguatoxin profile in raw and cooked fish implicated in ciguatera. Food Chem. 131(1), 192–198.

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Table 1: Levels of seafood-relevant toxic elements (and ... · Web viewCommittees and developed in the first French total diet study (Leblanc et al., 2005)