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Table 11-1. Chapter 11 Outline (Kerbo, p. 343)
• Defining Race and Ethnicity
• Racial and Ethnic Inequality
• A History of Race and Ethnicity
• Global Immigration: Comparative Views
• Theories of Racial and Ethnic Inequality
Table 11-2. Black/White and Latino/White Household Income (Percent), 1972-2005 (Kerbo, p. 347)
Year Black/White Latino/White
1972 57.5% 74.4%
1975 59.5% 71.3%
1980 56.6% 71.7%
1985 58.1% 68.6%
1990 58.4% 69.8%
1995 60.2% 61.1%
2000 66.3% 72.8%
2003 62.0% 69.0%
2005 61% 71%
Figure 11-1. Median Household Income by Race
Figure 11-2. Median Household Income (in Thousands of 2007 U.S. Dollars) by Race of Householder
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
black
latino
white
asian
Source: Table H-5. Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder--Households by Median and Mean Income: 1967 to 2000 (census.gov)
Figure 11-3. Median Household Income (in Thousands of 2007 U.S. Dollars) by Race of Householder
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
black
latino
white
asian
Source: Table H-5. Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder--Households by Median and Mean Income: 1967 to 2000 (census.gov)
Figure 11-4. Racial and Gender Gaps (Compared to White Men) in Mean Income, 1974-2004
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1974 1984 1994 2004
Black F
Black M
White F
Source: Hogan and Perrucci 2006 (census.gov, 2005)
Table 11-3. Unemployment Rates for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos, 1980-2006 (Kerbo, p. 349)
Year Whites Blacks Latinos
1980 6.3% 14.3% 10.1%
1985 6.2% 15.1% 10.5%
1990 4.8% 11.4% 8.2%
1995 4.9% 10.4% 9.3%
1998 3.9% 8.9% 7.2%
1999 3.7% 8.0% 6.4%
2000 3.5% 7.6% 5.7%
2001 4.2% 8.6% 6.6%
2002 5.1% 10.2% 7.5%
2004 5.0% 10.1% 7.0%
2006 4.1% 9.2% 5.6%
Table 11-4. Occupational Distribution for Blacks and Latinos, 1983-2002 (Kerbo, p. 332)
Percent Black Percent Latino
1983 2002 2005 1983 2002 2005
Prof/Mgr 5.6% 8% 8.1% 2.6% 5.8% 6.4%.
Tech/Sales 7.6% 10.8% 11.2% 4.3% 9.8% 11.1%
Service 16.6% 17.6% 15.8% 6.8% 18.1% 19.2%
Craft 6.8% 7.4% 7.1% 6.2% 17.1% 23.1%
Labor 14% 15.1% 14.1% 8.3% 19.6% 19.2%
Figure 11-5. Median Household Income by Race
Table 11-5. White, Black and Latino Percent High School Graduates, 1960-2005 (Kerbo, p. 355)
Year Whites Blacks Latinos
1960 43.2% 20.1% -
1970 54.5% 31.4% 32.1%
1980 68.8% 51.4% 44.0%
1990 79.1% 66.2% 50.8%
2000 84.9% 78.5% 57.0%
2005 85.7% 81.1% 58.5%
Figure 11-6. White, Black, and Latino Percent College Graduates, 1960-2005 (Kerbo, p. 355)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Latinos 4.5 7.6 9.2 10.6 12
Blacks 3.1 4.4 8.4 11.3 16.5 17.6
Whites 8.1 11.3 17.1 22 26.1 28
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
Figure 11-7. Percent White, Black, and Latino Persons Aged 25-29 By Educational Attainment in 2003 (Kerbo, p. 357)
0102030405060708090
100
<HS HS someColl
BA+
White
Black
Latino
Figure 11-8. Income for White, Black, and Latino Persons By Educational Attainment in 2004 (Kerbo, p. 359)
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
White $19,3 $28,6 $51,5 $67,4 $116, $95,2
Black $17,9 $23,4 $42,2 $57,1 $101, $82,6
Latino $19,0 $25,9 $45,2 $57,5 $94,1
<HS HS BA MA Pro PhD
Figure 2-10. Median U.S. Household Net Worth by Race, 1991 and 2004 (from Kerbo, p. 34) and Percent of White Wealth for Black Households
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
White $44,408 118,300
Black $4,604 $11,800 10% 10%
1991 2004 % of W 1991 %of W 2004
Figure 2-11. Median Income and Net Worth for White Families and Other Families in 2001(From The Wealth Inequality Reader, p. 14)
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
White $45,200 $120,900
Other $25,700 $17,900 57% 15%
Income Net Worth%White Income
% White Net Worth
Table 11-6. Percent of Population Foreign Born by Country, 1997 (Kerbo, Sixth Edition, p. 353; compiled from CIA report)
Country Foreign Born (Percent)
Canada 17.4%
United States 9.3%
Sweden 6.0%
Netherlands 9.2%
Japan 1.2%
Britain 3.6%
France 6.3%
Switzerland 19.0%
Australia 21.2%
Germany 9.0%
Figure 11-9. Foreign Born in U.S. By Region of Origin
Figure 11-10. Foreign Born Population in the U.S., 1960-2003 (in Millions)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1960 1970 1980 1990 2003
Foreign
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Table 3. Foreign –Born Population: 1960 to 1990; Current Population Survey, 2003, Annual Social and Economic Supplement
Table 10-7.Wright’s Class Categories by Race and Sex (Kerbo, p. 338)
Class White Males White Females Black Males Black Females
Capitalist 3.0% 0.7% 0% 0%
Small employer 8.2% 4.9% 0% 1.3%
Petit Bourgeois 6.4% 8.8% 3.6% 0%
Tot Self Empl 17.6% 14.4% 3.6% 1.3%
Expert Mgrs 8.5% 2.8% 5.1% 0%
Skilled Mgrs 5.7% 2.4% 2.0% 0%
Unskilled Mgrs 2.3% 3.9% 1.0% 6.3%
Expert Super 4.2% 1.7% 1.3% 1.7%
Skilled Super 7.9% 4.3% 7.5% 2.0%
Unskilled Supr 5.0% 9.3% 4.6% 7.7%
Experts 3.2% 3.5% 2.9% 1.8%
Skilled Worker 17.4% 7.7% 23.3% 10.9%
Unskilled Wkr 28.2% 50.0% 47.7% 68.4%