Problem Type Rule

I II III IV

Equal 100 100 100 100

Dominant 100 100 100 100

Subordinate 0 (should say balance)

100 100 100

Conflict- Dominant

100 100 33 (Chance Responding)

100

Conflict- Subordinate

0 (Should say right down)

0 (Should say right down)

33 (Chance Responding)

100

Conflict- Equal 0 (Should say right down)

0 (Should say right down)

33 (Chance Responding)

100

Prediction of percentage of correct answers and error patterns for children using Rules I-VI on projection of shadow task.

TABLE 3Developmental Trends Observed and

Predicted On Different Problem-Types in Experiment 1a

Problem Type

Age Predicted Developmental Trends

5-6 9-10 13-14 16-17

Balance 94 99 99 100 No change – all children at high level

Weight 88 98 98 98 No change – all children at high level

Distance 9 78 81 95 Dramatic improvement with age

Conflict-Weight

86 74 53 51 Decline with age – possible upturn for oldest

Conflict-Distance

11 32 48 50 Improvement with age

Conflict Balance

7 17 26 40 Improvement with age

Model of Rule I

Weight Same?

Balance Greater Weight---------> Down

Model of Rule II

Weight Same?

Greater Weight---------> Down

Distance Same?

Greater Weight---------> Down

Balance

Model of Rule III

Weight Same?

Distance Same?

Greater Distance

----> Down

Balance

Distance Same?

Greater Weight---------> Down Greater

Weight Same Sise ad Greater

Distance? Same?

Muddle

Through

Greater Weightand Distance---------> Down

Model of Rule IV

Weight Same?

Distance

Same?

Greater Distance

----> Down

Balance

Distance

Same?

Greater Weight---------> Down

Greater Weight

Same Side as Greater Distance?

Same?

Greater Weightand Distance---------> Down

Cross Product Same?

Balance Greater Product---------> Down