Table 4 Period 7

*Unit 17:Populations and sustainability

*WWK

*Earth’s SubsystemsAnd how humans

affect them

*Earth’s subsystems

*Atmosphere- The blanket of gases surrounding a planet.

*Hydrosphere- All waters on Earth- Seas, lakes, clouds, etc.

*Biosphere- The area of Earth occupied by living creators.

*Geosphere- (Lithosphere) solid part of Earth made of crust & outer mantle.

*Reclamation- wasteland change to land to be suitable for cultivation.

*Pollution

*Trash that people dump on the of the street or left behind and the wind pick it up.Pollution is harmful to Earth and to every living thing on it.

*For example oil spills is harmful to the Hydrosphere sea life and birds around it because it can blind them and stop them to move or worst kill them.

*There are different type of Pollution and different ways man kind harm Mother Earth.

*Burning fossil fuel

* “Fossil fuels are oil, coal and natural gas. In 2006 primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum 36.8%, coal 26.6%, and natural gas 22.9%, amounting to an 86% share for fossil fuels in primary energy production in the world.”

* Everyone that owns a car, boat, plane, and so forth burn fossil fuel daily.

* Fossil fuel now and days are slowly going down that’s why price of gas goes up.

* The more fossil fuel we use we make a hole in the Atmosphere.

*Water pollution

* “Water or H2O is one of the main sources of life, a compound making up an average 65% of our body and 71% of the earth’s surface. When speaking of water most people think about oceans, which constitute 97% of the bodies of water on the globe. Yet water on our planet can also be found in lakes, rivers, glaciers, ice, ponds and of course underground aquifers.”

* Water Pollution harm sea life in many ways.

* Oil spills soda can rings and trash in general it effect sea life but stop them from growing correctly or killing them over time.

*Overpopulation

*Overpopulation might not seem so dangers to the Earth but think this if one little town gets overpopulation they need to get a wasteland but when doing that they put the risk of trash getting picked up by wind and going to home of animals.

*K.S.

*What is the total percentage shared for fossil fuels in primary energy production in the world in 2006?

*WWK

*Students will know how natural disasters such as tsunamis affect the Earth’s

biosphere in terms of population growth and the use of fresh water.

*Earthquakes

*Earthquakes are a series of vibrations induced in the earth’s crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating.

*An example is the earthquake that happened in Haiti in 2010. It had a magnitude of 7.0 quake.

*The earthquake left 314,000 people died and 1.6 million people homeless. From those 1.6 million people 7,600 people died from cholera because of the lack of fresh water caused by the earthquake.

*Tsunamis

*Tsunamis are described as unusually large sea waves produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption.

*The largest recorded tsunami was the one that hit Japan in 2011 with a magnitude of 8.9 quake.

*About 10,000 people died and left an estimated 350,000 people homeless. The tsunami also erased sources for fresh water and electricity.

*Hurricanes

*A hurricane is a violent, tropical, cyclonic storm of the western North Atlantic, having wind speeds of or in excess of 72 miles per hour (32 m/sec).

*Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest hurricane to hit the United States. It ranked sixth overall in strength of recorded Atlantic hurricanes. At its peak Hurricane Katrina maximum winds stretched 25 to 30 nautical miles and extremely wide swath of hurricane force winds extended at least 75 nautical miles to the east from the center.

*An estimated 1,836 people were killed and millions of others were left homeless along the Gulf Coast and in New Orleans. Many were lacking in food and fresh water causing them to get very ill. This made things even harder for them as medical care wasn’t really available because of the storm.

*Flooding

*Flooding is described as a great flowing or overflowing of water, especially over land not usually submerged.

*The flooding of Xian in 1998 left 3,000 people dead and one million people homeless. Along with destroying millions of peoples homes it also destroyed sources of food and fresh water.

*Flooding causes fresh water to become contaminated and if consumed causes infectious diseases. People may also get food poisoning as food may not be properly kept due to the electric supply shortage.

*Storm Surge

* Storm surge is an abnormal rise in the level of the sea along a coast caused by the onshore winds of a severe cyclone. Primarily caused by the relationship between the winds and the ocean’s surface. The water level rises when the winds are the strongest and is pushed in the direction the winds are blowing. If a cyclone develops in the:

* Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be largest in the right-forward part of the storm.

* Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be largest in the left-forward part of the storm.

* Atmospheric pressure, the force exerted by the weight of air in the Earth’s atmosphere, is also another factor that contributes to storm surges. At the edges of ta cyclone the pressure is higher than at the center, this pushes down the water in the outer parts of the storm, causing the water to bulge at the eye and eye wall. The eye wall is the location where the winds have helped add to the rise in sea level.

* Other factors that can contribute are:

* The slope of the land off the coast because water can easily flood a shallow coast more than a steep one.

* The water level can reach as high as 10 meters (33 feet) if the storm surge happens at the same time as high tide.

*K.S.

*What is the force exerted by the weight of air in the Earth’s atmosphere?

*VIDEO!

*Storm surge

*WWK

*We will understand the basic functions & means of producing many different types of energy such as solar, wind, hydrogen, bio-fuels, hydroelectricity,

and geothermal electricity.

*Solar energy:

*When you place 2 pieces of silicon on top of a junction(a special kind of semiconductor) you produce something known as a photovoltaic cell. The energy from the sun comes in an energy form known as photons, which are little packets of energy, when they hit the top layer of silicon they either are absorbed, reflected, or pass right through. If they're absorbed they split into electron and neutrons. Electrons flow off through the junction and become useable electricity. The protons dissipate out of the panel through the “hole flow” on to whatever surface the panel is attached to.

*Wind Energy

*A wind turbine is basically a giant windmill. The large blades spin by the power of the wind which in turn spins a gearbox turning the energy of the wind into mechanical energy which is in turn converted to electrical energy by an electric generator.

*Hydroelectricity

*A man made structure known as a hydroelectric dam is used to produce electricity by the power of water pressure. Some form of flowing water is blocked by the dam causing it to try and push through the dam, but it can only get through the intake ports which causes the water to move through the dam with extreme force and pressure which spins a large turbine at a very high speed which in turn produces electricity.

*Bio fuels

*The process for producing Bio-fuels is extremely complicated and varied depending on which type of fuel is being produced by which organic material. The basic idea for bio-fuels is any kind of fuel that was originally some form of organic material. That material is broken down into oil and that oil in refined to the specifications for the intended use of the fuel. An example of a bio-fuel would be ethanol, which is famously made from corn.

*Hydrogen fuels?

* A hydrogen fuel cell acts a lot like a battery. The hydrogen reacts to a catalyst which in turn converts the hydrogen atoms into electrons and positively charged ions, the electrons are thus taken out to be used as electricity, and the ions combine with the oxygen to produce water which is the only bi-product. Unlike a battery a hydrogen fuel cell will never die, as long as there is a supply of oxygen and hydrogen both of which naturally occur in our atmosphere. The only draw back of hydrogen fuel cells is that compared to electric conductors of the same size is that they produce a significantly less amount of electricity. An 8v battery can produce as much electricity as a 20 pound hydrogen cell. They are being greatly improved currently though.

*Coal

*Coal is easily one of the most simple of all fuel types and can produce electricity in a copious amount of ways, and is the MOST VERSATILE of all energy sources! From boiling water to produce steam to using heat conduction, the burning remains of ancient organisms remain one of the world’s largest ways of producing electricity and one of the most pollutant causing of all form of energy production.

*Nuclear!!!

*Nuclear energy is easily one of the most complicated forms of energy production, easily the most controversial, and arguably one of the most dangerous. So why don’t I leave it to the professionals?

*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJfIbBDR3e8

*Yes it is a pro-nuclear power video, but how could you not be pro nuclear power? If a nuclear power plant fails we all get super powers anyways!... So I guess I'm pro nuclear power plant failure.

*Let’s kick start this PP

*What are the other types of power plants that are very similar to a nuclear power plant? (from the video)