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Table of Contents
Development ...................................................................................................... 2
Economics .......................................................................................................... 4
Education ........................................................................................................... 8
Qassem Soleimani Assassination ..................................................................... 11
Politics .............................................................................................................. 19
Africa ............................................................................................................. 19
Asia ............................................................................................................... 21
China............................................................................................................. 22
Europe .......................................................................................................... 23
Iran ................................................................................................................ 24
Iraq................................................................................................................ 25
"Israel" ........................................................................................................... 26
Lebanon ........................................................................................................ 27
Middle East ................................................................................................... 28
Russia ........................................................................................................... 31
Syria .............................................................................................................. 32
Turkey ........................................................................................................... 34
United States ................................................................................................ 35
2
Development
1. Robert Yates, Chatham House, South Africa Can Easily Afford
National Health Insurance, December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/south-africa-can-easily-afford-
national-health-insurance
(4 pages)
2. Yusuf Hassan, Chatham House, African Agency Holds Power to
Account in a Social Media Age, December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/african-agency-holds-power-account-
social-media-age
(3 pages)
3. Asie.Visions, IFRI, India’s Space Program - International
Competition and Evolution, December 2019
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/rajeswari_pillai_rajagopalan_indias_s
pace_program_2019.pdf
(29 pages)
4. David Feinerman, Brookings, Many businesses have irrational
human resources practices. How Cuyahoga County, Ohio is
working to address that, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2019/12/19/cuyahoga-county-ohios-
experiment-in-helping-businesses-invest-in-talent/
(3 pages)
5. Stephen Moret, Brookings, Setting the stage for talent-driven
economic development, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2019/12/12/setting-the-stage-for-talent-
driven-economic-development/
(3 pages)
3
6. Will Holman, Ronald C. Williams, Ph.D., Brookings, How a
Baltimore makerspace is encouraging trust between local
residents, businesses, and institutions, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2019/12/10/how-a-baltimore-makerspace-
is-encouraging-trust-between-local-residents-businesses-and-institutions/
(3 pages)
7. Christian Bodewig, Brookings, Climate change in the Sahel: How
can cash transfers help protect the poor? December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/12/04/climate-change-in-
the-sahel-how-can-cash-transfers-help-protect-the-poor/
(3 pages)
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4
Economics
تقدير ،المركز االستشاري للدراسات والتوثيق، مديرية الدراسات االستراتيجي .1
2019كانون األول ، الفوائد االقتصادية للتكامل في بالد الشام
http://dirasat.net/uploads/research/8674679.pdf
(20 pages)
االقتصادأولياء الجمهورية: تشريح ،يزيد صايغ، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط .2
2019كانون األول ، العسكري المصري
https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/12/14/ar-pub-80489 (Arabic version)
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Sayigh-Egypt_full_final2.pdf
(English version 360 pages)
المال المهاجر في تونس ، مركز دراسات الوحدة الوطنية، عادل الوشاني .3
2019كانون األول ،وإمكانات تفعيله في تحقيق التنمية: الفرصة الضائعة
https://caus.org.lb/ar/المال-المهاجر-في-تونس-وإمكانات-تفعيله/
(2 pages)
تاريخ الخلل اإلنتاجي في اإلنسان:تصدير الثروة واغتراب ، عمر هشام الشهابي .4
2019كانون األول ، دول الخليج العربية
https://caus.org.lb/ar/تصدير-الثروة-واغتراب-اإلنسان-تاريخ-ال/
(2 pages)
أزمة السياسة النقدية في ،فرحات أسعد فرحاتمركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، .5
2019كانون األول ،لبنان وسبل الخروج منها
https://caus.org.lb/ar/أزمة-السياسة-النقدية-في-لبنان-وسبل-الخ/
(2 pages)
6. Policy Center for the New South, ATLANTIC CURRENTS: An Annual
Report on Wider Atlantic Perspectives and Patterns – The South in
the Time of Turmoil, December 2019
https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/atlantic_currents_AD2019.pdf
(162 pages)
5
7. Tighisti Amare, Chatham House, The African Continental Free Trade
Area Could Boost African Agency in International Trade, December
2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/african-continental-free-trade-area-
could-boost-african-agency-international-trade
(5 pages)
8. Fergus Kell, Damir Kurtagic, Can the New European Commission
Deliver on Its Promises to Africa? December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/can-new-european-commission-
deliver-its-promises-africa
(6 pages)
9. Professor Philip Hanson OBE, Chatham House, Russian Economic
Policy and the Russian Economic System: Stability Versus Growth,
December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/CHHJ7799-Russia-Economics-RP-
WEB-FINAL.pdf
(21 pages)
10. European Institute of the Mediterranean, The Role of China in the
Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Beyond Economic Interests,
December 2019
https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Report-27_The-role-of-
China-in-the-Middle-East.-Beyond-Economic-Interests.pdf
(6 pages)
11. Landry Signém, Brookings, What the United Arab Emirates can
teach resource-rich countries in Africa, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/19/what-the-united-arab-
emirates-can-teach-resource-rich-countries-in-africa/
(4 pages)
6
12. Dhruv Gandhi, Brookings, The Africa Growth Initiative’s top 5
figures of 2019, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/18/the-africa-growth-
initiatives-top-5-figures-of-2019/
(3 pages)
13. Louise Fox, Brookings, Income growth seems to be associated
with a more rapid employment transition in Africa, unless you are a
mineral exporter, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/17/income-growth-seems-
to-be-associated-with-a-more-rapid-employment-transition-in-africa-unless-you-
are-a-mineral-exporter/
(4 pages)
14. Zainab Usman, Indhira Santos, Jan Loeprick, Brookings, Show me
the money: How do we finance social protection for the future of
work in Africa? December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/12/show-me-the-money-
how-do-we-finance-social-protection-for-the-future-of-work-in-africa/
(3 pages)
15. Addisu Lashitew, Brookings, Ethiopia’s newly unified ruling party
pivots to a liberal political economy, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/06/ethiopias-newly-
unified-ruling-party-pivots-to-a-liberal-political-economy/ (4 pages)
16. Carlo Bastasin, Brookings, Why Italy cannot exit the euro,
December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/17/why-italy-cannot-
exit-the-euro/
(3 pages)
7
17. Lilia Burunciuc, Ivailo Izvorski, Brookings, Encouraging
transformations in Central Asia, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/12/13/encouraging-
transformations-in-central-asia/
(2 pages)
18. Paul RivlinMoshe Dayan Center (MDC), The Iranian Empire
Cracks, at Home and Abroad, December 2019
https://dayan.org/content/iranian-empire-cracks-home-and-abroad
(8 pages)
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8
Education
العوامل الميسرة سواط، تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم،طارق ال .1
كانون ،والمعيقة لقبول نشر نظم إدارة التعلم في المدارس الحكومية السعودية
2019األول
https://www.new-educ.com/نظم-إدارة-التعلم-في-المدارس-السعودية
(5 pages)
أثر المنصات تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم، سلمان علي الجهني، .2
2019كانون األول ،التعليمية في تنمية مهارات التعلم الذاتي
https://www.new-educ.com/المنصات-التعليمية-والتعلم-الذاتي
(5 pages)
محة تاريخية لتعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم، نوف بنت نايف العتيبي، .3
2019كانون األول ،لتطور مناهج التعليم في المملكة العربية السعودية
https://www.new-educ.com/تطور-مناهج-التعليم-في-السعودية
(5 pages)
مظاهر تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم، عيد عبد الغني الديب عثمان، .4
2019كانون األول ،تأثر مناهج التاريخ بعصر المعلومات
https://www.new-educ.com/تأثر-مناهج-التاريخ-بعصر-المعلومات
(5 pages)
نماذج تعليم ستم ، تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليمرويدة حسن أحمد، .5
STEM 2019، كانون األول ودور المعلم في تنفيذها
https://www.new-educ.com/نماذج-تعليم-ستم-stem-ودور-المعلم
(10 pages)
6. Christina Kwauk, Jessica Cooke, Elisa Hara, and Joni Pegram,
Brookings, Girls’ education in climate strategies, Opportunities for
improved policy and enhanced action in Nationally Determined
Contributions, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Girls-ed-in-climate-strategies-
working-paper-FINAL.pdf
(42 pages)
9
7. Emiliana Vegas, Rebecca Winthrop, Brookings, Top 7 global
education themes in 2019, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2019/12/20/top-7-global-
education-themes-in-2019/
(5 pages)
8. Tom Loveless, Brookings, The children PISA ignores in China,
December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/19/the-children-
pisa-ignores-in-china/
(5 pages)
9. Louis Serino, Brookings, Education may be pivotal in the 2020
election, Here’s what you need to know. Highlights from the Brown
Center Chalkboard in 2019, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/18/education-may-
be-pivotal-in-the-2020-election-heres-what-you-need-to-know/
(4 pages)
10. Paul T. Hill, Brookings, Desegregating schools: More than just
getting the numbers right, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/16/desegregating-
schools-more-than-just-getting-the-numbers-right/
(2 pages)
11. Dick Startz, Brookings, Advice matters: Faculty advisers and college
student success, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/10/advice-matters-
faculty-advisers-and-college-student-success/
(3 pages)
12. Tuan D. Nguyen, Matthew G. Springer, Reviewing the evidence on
teacher attrition and retention, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/04/reviewing-the-
evidence-on-teacher-attrition-and-retention/
(3 pages)
10
13. Ilana Umansky, Hanna Dumont, Do teachers have biased academic
perceptions of their English learner students? December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/03/do-teachers-
have-biased-academic-perceptions-of-their-english-learner-students/ (3 pages)
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11
Qassem Soleimani Assassination
الواليات المتحدة قتلت قاسم ،مايكل يونغ، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط .1
2020كانون الثاني سليماني، قائد فيلق القدس،
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80691 (Arabic Article, 4 pages)
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80690 (English Article, 4 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
تقارير عن نقل إيران في خضم مايكل يونغ، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط، .2
صواريخ بالستية قصيرة المدى إلى العراق لتنفيذ ضربات ضد القوات
2020كانون الثاني األميركية، كيف قد يكون رد واشنطن على هذه الخطوة؟
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80567 (Arabic Article, 3 pages)
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80562 (English Article, 3 pages)
(Iran, Iraq, United States)
انتقام إيران لسليماني: نهاية جولة في الصراع مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .3
2020الثاني كانون ،المتواصل
https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/4542 (5 pages)
4. Karim Sadjadpour, Time, Why the U.S. Assassination of Soleimani
Is a Windfall for Iran’s Mullahs, January 2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/09/why-u.s.-assassination-of-soleimani-is-
windfall-for-iran-s-mullahs-pub-80758 (12 pages)
(Iran, United States)
5. MEE Staff, Middle East Eye, Who was Qassem Soleimani? January
2020
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/who-was-qassem-soleimani (5 pages)
(Soleimani)
6. Michele Dunne, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Iran
and the United Statess: This Is the Moment to Step Back, January
2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/03/iran-and-united-Statess-this-is-moment-to-
step-back-pub-80695 (2 pages)
(Iran, United States, Soleimani)
12
7. Aaron David Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
Trump’s Approach to Iran Is Muddled and Unpredictable, January
2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/01/trump-s-approach-to-iran-is-muddled-and-
unpredictable-pub-80686 (3 pages)
(Iran, United States)
8. Kim Ghattas, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
Qassem Soleimani Haunted the Arab World, January 2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/03/qassem-soleimani-haunted-arab-world-
pub-80705 (2 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
9. Aaron David Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
Where’s the Strategy? January 2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/05/where-s-strategy-pub-80700 (2 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
10. Frances Z. Brown, Los Angeles Times, Trump says he wants out
of costly foreign wars. But his actions say otherwise, January 2020
https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-01-08/trump-says-he-wants-out-of-
costly-foreign-wars-but-his-actions-say-otherwise (5 pages)
(Iran. United States, Middle East, Trump)
11. William J. Burns, Jake Sullivan, Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace, Soleimani’s Ultimate Revenge, January 2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/06/soleimani-s-ultimate-revenge-pub-80699
(3 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
12. Aaron David Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
Trump and Khamenei Want the Same Thing, January 2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/08/trump-and-khamenei-want-same-thing-
pub-80741 (2 pages)
(Iran, United States)
13
13. Andrew Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, On
Iran, Momentary Relief Amid Trump’s Failed Policy, January 2020
https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/08/on-iran-momentary-relief-amid-trump-s-
failed-policy-pub-80735 (2 pages)
(Iran, United States, Trump)
14. Rudra Chaudhuri, Carnegie India, India’s View on Soleimani, Iran,
and the United States, January 2020
https://carnegieindia.org/2020/01/09/india-s-view-on-soleimani-iran-and-united-
Statess-pub-80743 (2 pages)
(Iran, India)
15. Crisis Group, Iran Sanctions under the Trump Administration,
December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-
peninsula/iran/iran-sanctions-under-trump-administration (5 pages)
16. Robert Malley, Crisis Group, A Perilous Turning Point in the U.S.-
Iran Confrontation, January 2020
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-
peninsula/iran/perilous-turning-point-us-iran-confrontation (English Article, 3 pages)
https://www.crisisgroup.org/ar/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-
peninsula/iran/perilous-turning-point-us-iran-confrontation (Arabic Article, 3 pages)
17. Crisis Group, The Iran Nuclear Deal at Four: A Requiem? January
2020
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/210-iran-nuclear-deal-at-four-a-requiem.pdf
(English Article, 43 pages)
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/210-iran-nuclear-deal-at-four-arabic.pdf
(Arabic Article, 36 pages)
18. Professor Paul Stevens, Chatham House, Iran Crisis: The Impact
on Oil Markets, January 2020
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/iran-crisis-impact-oil-markets
(5 pages)
(Iran, United States)
14
19. Sima Shine, Eldad Shavit, INSS, The Strategic Balance between
Iran and the United States after the Targeted Killing of Qasem
Soleimani, January 2020
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/special-publication-23012020.pdf
(9 pages)
(Iran, United States, Soleimani)
20. Dr Sanam Vakil, Dr Renad, Chatham House, Mansour How the
Soleimani Assassination Will Reverberate Throughout the Middle
East, January 2020
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/how-soleimani-assassination-will-
reverberate-throughout-middle-east
(3 pages)
(Iran, Iraq, Soleimani)
21. Dr Lindsay Newman, Chatham House, Iran Crisis Pushes Foreign
Policy to Top of 2020 Election Debate, January 2020
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/iran-crisis-pushes-foreign-policy-top-
2020-election-debate
(3 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
22. The New York Times, U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani,
Commander of Iranian Forces, January 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-
attack.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage
(7 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
23. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, Killing Iran’s Qassem Suleimani
changes the game in the Middle East, But has Trump really thought
out what comes next? January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/03/killing-irans-qassem-
suleimani-changes-the-game-in-the-middle-east/
(3 pages)
(Iranm Soleimani)
15
24. Tanvi Madan, Brookings, India’s reaction to the killing of Iranian
commander Qassem Soleimani, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/03/indias-reaction-to-the-
killing-of-iranian-commander-qassem-soleimani/ (6 pages)
(Iran, India)
25. Alice Friend, Mara Karlin, Loren Dejonge Schulman, Brookings,
Why did the Pentagon ever give Trump the option of killing
Soleimani? January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/14/why-did-the-pentagon-
ever-give-trump-the-option-of-killing-soleimani/ (5 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
26. Suzanne Maloney, Brookings, Iran knows how to bide its time.
Don’t expect immediate retaliation for Soleimani, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/iran-knows-how-to-
bide-its-time-dont-expect-immediate-retaliation-for-soleimani/ (5 pages)
(Iran, Soleimani)
27. Chris Meserole, Brookings, Iran spent years building a cyber
arsenal. Will it unleash that arsenal now? January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/iran-spent-years-
building-a-cyber-arsenal-will-it-unleash-that-arsenal-now/ (3 pages)
(Iran)
28. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, Trump’s reckless Middle East policy
has brought the US to the brink of war, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/trumps-reckless-middle-
east-policy-has-brought-the-us-to-the-brink-of-war/ (5 pages)
(Iran, United States, Trump)
29. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, How terrorism helps — and hurts —
Iran, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/how-terrorism-helps-
and-hurts-iran/ (5 pages)
(Iran)
16
30. Ali Fathollah-Nejad, Brookings, What the killing of Qassem
Soleimani could mean, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/07/what-the-killing-of-
qassem-soleimani-could-mean/ (English Articles, 10 pages)
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/12/-ما-يمكن-أن-يعنيه-قتل
(Arabic Article, 10 pages) /قاسم-سليماني
(Iran, Soleimani)
31. Caitlin Talmadge, Brookings, Was it risky for the US to take public
responsibility for killing Soleimani? January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/07/was-it-risky-for-the-us-
to-take-public-responsibility-for-killing-soleimani/ (3 pages)
(Iran, Trump)
32. Thomas Wright, Brookings, How Donald Trump thinks about Iran,
January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/07/how-donald-trump-
thinks-about-iran/ (4 pages)
(Iran, Trump)
33. Strobe Talbott, Brookings, The only winner of the US-Iran
showdown is Russia, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/09/the-only-winner-of-the-
us-iran-showdown-is-russia/ (5 pages)
(Iran, US)
34. Bruce Riedel, Brookings, How the Iran-Iraq war shaped the
trajectories of figures like Qassem Soleimani, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/09/how-the-iran-iraq-war-
shaped-the-trajectories-of-figures-like-qassem-soleimani/ (3 pages)
(Iran, Iraq, US)
35. Shadi Hamid, Brookings, American self-criticism borders on
narcissism, The US role in the Middle East, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/10/american-self-criticism-
borders-on-narcissism/ (3 pages)
(Iran, United States)
17
36. Michael C. Horowitz, Elizabeth N. Saunders, War with Iran is still
less likely than you think, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/10/war-with-iran-is-still-
less-likely-than-you-think/
(3 pages)
(Iran, US)
37. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, Iran’s next move, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/10/irans-next-move/
(3 pages)
(Iran, US)
38. Christopher Clary, Caitlin Talmadgem, Brookings, The US-Iran
crisis has calmed down — but things won’t ever go back to how
they were before, January 2020
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/17/the-u-s-iran-crisis-has-
calmed-down-but-things-wont-ever-go-back-to-how-they-were-before/ (2 pages)
39. Galip Dalay, Brookings, US-Iran tensions are set to widen Iraq's
sectarian divide, January 2020
https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iraqs-sunnis-and-kurds-must-pick-side-iran-
us-battle (6 pages)
(Iran, Iraq)
40. Paul Khalife, Middle East Eye, Death of Soleimani: A huge blow to
Hezbollah, January 2020
https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/death-soleimani-huge-blow-hezbollah
(3 pages)
(Hezbollah, Soleimani)
41. Suadad al-Salhy, Middle East Eye, Tracked, targeted, killed:
Qassem Soleimani's final hours, January 2020
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/tracked-targeted-killed-qassem-soleimanis-final-
hours
(10 pages)
(Soleimani, Iran)
18
42. Nader Entessar, Kaveh Afrasiabi, Middle East Eye, Qassem
Soleimani assassination: Trump is playing with fire to save his
presidency, January 2020
https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/washington-and-tehran-are-collision-course-
iraq (5 pages)
(Trump, Soleimani)
43. Marco Carnelos, Middle East Eye, Qassem Soleimani
assassination: Trump's new year fireworks will backfire, January
2020
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-us-trump-war
(3 pages)
(Trump, Soleimani)
Go to the top
19
Politics
Africa
الجماعات المسلحة بنيجيريا حكيم نجم الدين، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .1
2019ول ، كانون األوالسيناريوهات المحتملة بعد البغدادي
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-
01/013f52f5087d4b359184d3ff0c792650_100.pdf
(7 pages)
(Africa, ISWAP)
تنظيم الدولة والتمدد في إفريقيا: بلهول نسيم، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .2
2019كانون االستثمار في الهشاشة،
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-
01/8e24c08906584e909d4a93a3a0ea1c7a_100.pdf
(11 pages)
(Africa)
3. Shoji Matsumoto, Policy Center for the New South, Separatism in
Africa - A Fundamental Problem – December 2019
https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/PB%20-%2043-
19%20%28Matsumoto%29%20%281%29.pdf
(16 pages)
(Africa, Nigeria)
4. Christopher Vandome, Chatham House, Can Liberation Movements
Really Rid Southern Africa of Corruption? December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/can-liberation-movements-
really-rid-southern-africa-corruption (3 pages)
(Africa, Liberation Movements)
5. Benjamin AUGE, IFRI, Angola under Joao Lourenço: Who Are the
New Players of MPLA State? December 2019
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/auge_angola_under_joao_lo
urenco_2019.pdf (31 pages)
(Angola)
20
6. Benjamin AUGE, IFRI, The Development of Hydrocarbons in East
Africa: Political and Security Challenges, December 2019
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/auge_hydrocarbons_east_af
rica_2019.pdf
(30 pages)
(East Africa)
7. Crisis Group, Keeping Ethiopia’s Transition on the Rails, December
2019
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/283-keeping-ethiopias-transition.pdf
(31 pages)
(Africa, Ethiopia)
8. Crisis Group, A New Approach for the UN to Stabilise the DR Congo,
December 2019
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b148-a-new-approach-for-the-un.pdf
(16 pages)
(Africa, Congo)
9. Hannah Armstrong, Crisis Group, Behind the Jihadist Attack in
Niger's Inates, December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/sahel/niger/behind-jihadist-attack-inates
(3 pages)
(Africa, Jihad)
10. Crisis Group, A New Approach for the UN to Stabilise the DR Congo,
December 2019
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b148-a-new-approach-for-the-un.pdf
(16 pages)
(Africa, Congo)
11. Crisis Group, A Short Window to Resuscitate South Sudan’s Ailing
Peace Deal, December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/south-sudan/short-window-
resuscitate-south-sudans-ailing-peace-deal (4 pages)
(Africa, Sudan)
o to the topG
21
Asia
12. Sinan Ülgen, Foreign Policy, Don’t Blame Turkey for NATO’s Woes,
December 2019
https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/03/dont-blame-turkey-for-natos-woes/
(5 pages)
(Turkey, NATO)
13. Duyeon Kim, Crisis Group, Counting Down to North Korea’s Year-
end Deadline, December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/korean-peninsula/counting-down-
north-koreas-year-end-deadline
(7 pages)
(Asia, Korea)
14. Crisis Group, A Sustainable Policy for Rohingya Refugees in
Bangladesh, December 2019
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/303-a-sustainable-policy-for-rohingya.pdf
(28 pages)
(Asia, Bangladesh)
Go to the top
22
China
لحزام ا ، المركز االستشاري للدراسات والتوثيق،مديرية الدراسات االستراتيجية .15
2019كانون األول ،أشكال متنافسة من العولمةوالعالم: والطريق" الصيني
http://dirasat.net/uploads/research/2650582.pdf (53 pages)
16. Alice EKMAN, Etudes de l'Ifri, China’s Smart Cities: The New
Geopolitical Battleground, December 2019
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ekman_smart_cities_battlegroun
d.pdf (31 pages)
(China)
17. Crisis group, Why China must send Michael Kovrig home,
December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/china/why-china-must-send-michael-
kovrig-home (3 pages)
(China)
18. Adam P. LIFF, Brookings, China, Japan, and the East China Sea:
Beijing’s “gray zone” coercion and Tokyo’s response, December
2019
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2019/12/FP_20191202_east_china_sea_liff.pdf (16 pages)
(China, Japan)
19. Zach Vertin, Brookings, Red Sea geopolitics: Six plotlines to watch,
December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/research/red-sea-geopolitics-six-plotlines-to-watch/
(7 pages)
(The Red Sea)
20. Kharis Templeman, Brookings, Taiwan’s January 2020 elections:
Prospects and implications for China and the United States,
December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2019/12/FP_20191231_taiwan_election_templeman-1.pdf (29 pages)
Go to the top
23
Europe
21. Çiğdem Üstün, European Institute of the Mediterranean, The Impact
of Migration Policies on the EU’s Image as a Value Driven Normative
Actor, December 2019
https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/EuroMeSCo46_Cigdem-
Ustun.pdf
(38 pages)
(European Union)
22. Sherin Gharib, European Institute of the Mediterranean, Who Owns
What? – Free Trade Policies, Migration Management and the
Ambiguity of “Joint Ownership” December 2019
https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/EuroMeSCo45_Joint-
Ownership_Migration_Trade_.pdf
(42 pages)
(European Union)
23. Crisis Group, Digging out of Deadlock in Nagorno-Karabakh,
December 2019
https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/255-digging-out-of-deadlock.pdf
(48 pages)
(Europe)
24. Crisis Group, Picturing the Uncertain Calm on Armenia’s Front
Lines, December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/caucasus/armenia/picturing-uncertain-
calm-armenias-front-lines
(10 pages)
(Armenia)
25. Jeffrey Gedmin, Brookings, How “populist” is the AfD? A 'Muslims
in the West' reaction essay, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-populist-is-the-afd/
(5 pages)
(Europe)
Go to the top
24
Iran
الجيوبوليتيك الشيعي والمخيلة مركز الجزيرة للدراسات،، فراس إلياس .26
2019، كانون األول الجيوستراتيجية اإليرانية: مجاالت التأثير وبناء النفوذ
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-
ar/documents/60c6d464eca14f20989f7f21775b785a_100.pdf (19 pages)
(Iran, Shiite geopolitics)
ان وأوروبا: الخالفات تتصاعد بشأن إير عماد آبشناس، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .27
2019كانون األول االتفاق النووي،
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-
01/d941edc9dc1d49b1bd56e52e460cfc88_100.pdf (8 pages)
(Iran, Europe)
اإليراني -التجاذب األميركي فراس عباس هاشم، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .28
2019كانون األول وتأصيل القوة المحورية في الشرق األوسط،
https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/4517 (3 pages)
(Iran, America)
29. Eldad Shavit, Sima Shine, Bat Chen Feldman, INSS, Political
Instability in Iraq: A Serious Threat to Iran’s Interests, December
2019
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1240.pdf (4 pages)
(Iran, United States)
30. Dr Sanam Vakil, Chatham House, As Parliamentary Elections Loom,
the Legitimacy of Iran’s Regime Has Been Shaken, December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/parliamentary-elections-loom-
legitimacy-iran-s-regime-has-been-shaken (3 pages)
(Iran, United States)
31. Crisis Group, Learning the Right Lessons from Protests in Iran,
December 2019
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-
peninsula/iran/learning-right-lessons-protests-iran (5 pages)
(Iran)
Go to the top
25
Iraq
األهلية، العراق: وعود االنتفاضة الشعبية ونذر الحرب مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .32
2019كانون األول
https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/node/4511 (6 pages)
(Iraq)
33. Crisis Group, Rescuing Iraq from the Iran-U.S. Crossfire, January
2020
https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/rescuing-iraq-iran-us-
crossfire (English Article, 3 pages)
https://www.crisisgroup.org/ar/middle-east-north-africa/rescuing-iraq-iran-us-
crossfire (Arabic Article, 3 pages)
(Iraq, Iran, United States)
34. Daniel L. Bymanm, Brookings, Is change likely in Iraq? December
2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/20/is-change-likely-
in-iraq/
(3 pages)
(Iraq)
35. Suadad al-Salhy, Middle East Eye, EXCLUSIVE: Iran tasked
Nasrallah with uniting Iraqi proxies after Soleimani's death,
December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-iran-asked-nasrallah-organise-
iraqi-militias-after-soleimanis-death
(4 pages)
(Iraq, Iran)
36. MEE Staff, Middle East Eye, Rocket attack in northern Iraq kills
US contractor, wounds military personnel, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/rocket-attack-northern-iraq-kills-us-
contractor-wounds-military-personnel
(3 pages)
(Iraq, US)
Go to the top
26
"Israel"
النكبة الفلسطينية وتأسيس ، مركز دراسات الوحدة الوطنية،سّيار الجميل .37
في مسردات التاريخ العالمي )دراسة نقدية في التاريخ الموسوعي « إسرائيل»
2019كانون األول ،المقارن(https://caus.org.lb/ar/النكبة-الفلسطينية-وتأسيس-إسرائيل-ف/ (2 pages)
(Palestine)
38. Aaron David Miller, Robert Malley, Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace, Netanyahu’s Exit Won’t Jump-Start a Peace
Deal, December 2019
https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/12/04/netanyahu-s-exit-won-t-jump-start-
peace-deal-pub-80494 (3 pages)
(Israeli-Palestinian peace, Netanyahu)
39. Oded Eran, Shimon Stein, INSS, A New Leadership at the
European Union: A Chance for Better EU Ties with Israel?
December 2019
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1237.pdf (4 page)
(Israel, European Union)
40. Pnina Sharvit Baruch, INSS, The International Criminal Court on
Israel: Another Step toward Investigation, December 2019
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1239.pdf (5 pages)
(Israel)
41. Lily Galili, Middle East Eye, Gulf-Israel ties: A new Middle East or
a distraction from domestic chaos? December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-gulf-ties-katz-transportation-peace-
nuclear-iron-dome (3 pages)
(Israel)
Go to the top
27
Lebanon
خطوط الصراع في عقد …2020 عمرو حمزاوي، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط، .42
2019كانون األول د، العرب الجدي
https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/12/30/ar-pub-80714 (3 pages)
…في تفسير احتجاجات العرب عمرو حمزاوي، مركز كارينغي للشرق األوسط، .43
2019انون األول كبحث الحكام والمواطنين عن عقد اجتماعي جديد،
https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/12/17/ar-pub-80615
(4 pages)
(Lebanon)
الحراك اللبناني: البواعث والمكونات شفيق شقير، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .44
2019كانون األول والتداعيات،
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-
01/0885cafcf0ad482a893da78859c1c3d1_100.pdf
(10 pages)
(Lebanon, Lebanese movement)
45. Jeffrey Feltman, Brookings, With Lebanon making fragile
progress, now is the wrong time to pull US assistance, December
2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/11/01/with-lebanon-
making-fragile-progress-now-is-the-wrong-time-to-pull-u-s-assistance/
(3 pages)
(Lebanon)
Go to the top
28
Middle East
كانون ،ما يعنيه شهٌر في حياة بلد غي للشرق األوسط،يبدر السيف، مركز كارن .46
2019األول
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80551 (Arabic Article, 3 pages)
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80486 (English Article, 4 pages)
(Middle East, Kuwait)
، بين التغيير واستمرار خيبة األملغي للشرق األوسط، يبدر السيف، مركز كارن .47
2019كانون األول
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80673 (Arabic Article, 3 pages)
https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80647 (English Article, 4 pages)
(Middle East, Kuwait)
: سمات الموجة الثانية من الثورة العربية وآفاق، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات .48 ها،رح ل
2019انون األول ك
https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/641 (6 pages)
(Sudan, Algeria)
االنتخابات الرئاسية في الجزائر مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، بلغيث عبد اهلل، .49
2019كانون األول سي، وتحديات االستقرار السيا 2019ديسمبر
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-
ar/documents/820a4aa6725145e381af16c918518cfd_100.pdf
(11 pages)
(Algeria)
ليبيا في سياسة تركيا محمود سمير الرنتيسي، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .50
2019كانون األول الخارجية حقائق جديدة في معادالت البر والبحر،
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-
ar/documents/ef310d4865904c15b7bd7faf58bb41ef_100.pdf
(9 pages)
(Libya, Turkey)
منذ ، الجيوبوليتيكيق، دكتور محمد طّي، المركز االستشاري للدراسات والتوث .51
2019، كانون األول حتى اليوم، منتصف القرن التاسع عشر
http://dirasat.net/uploads/research/5579342.pdf (54 pages)
Go to the top
29
52. Nael M. Shama, Al Jazeera Centre for Studies, The Geopolitics of
a Latent International Conflict in Eastern Mediterranean,
December 2019
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-
01/8a79585b90e9471c9d883a2ab5ba4f57_100.pdf
(14 pages)
(Middle East)
53. Middle East Eye, 2020 outlook: Where is the Middle East heading?
December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/2020-middle-east-key-issues-to-watch
(15 pages)
(Middle East)
54. Joe Gill, Middle East Eye, 2010-2019: The Middle East's decade
of revolution, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/middle-east-and-revolution-who-fell-and-
who-survived-decade
(10 pages)
(Middle East)
55. Frederic Wehrey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
With the Help of Russian Fighters, Libya’s Haftar Could Take
Tripoli, December 2019
https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/12/05/with-help-of-russian-fighters-libya-s-
haftar-could-take-tripoli-pub-80511
(5 pages)
(Russia, Libya)
56. Shimon Stein, INSS, Another Arab Bid to Establish a Weapons of
Mass Destruction Free Zone in the Middle East, December 2019
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1241.pdf (4 pages)
(Middle East, Israel)
Go to the top
30
57. Mahmoud Hammad, European Institute of the Mediterranean,
Graffiti and Political Sarcasm as Tools for Political Participation
in Egypt, December 2019
https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Brief105_graffiti-and-
political-sarcasm_Egypt.pdf (12 pages)
(Middle East, Egypt)
58. Anna Stahl, Jana Treffler, European Institute of the
Mediterranean, Germany’s Security Assistance to Tunisia: A
Boost to Tunisia’s Long-Term Stability and Democracy?
December 2019
https://www.euromesco.net/wp-
content/uploads/2019/12/EuroMeSCo44_Germany-Security-Assistance-to-
Tunisia.pdf (66 pages)
(Tunisia, Germany)
59. European Institute of the Mediterranean, Francesca Caruso, Tin
Hinane El Kadi, Kamel Meili, Luca Miehe & Salah Eddine Salhi,
Algeria: To Vote or Not to Vote? December 2019
https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Spot-On-13-Algeria-to-
vote-or-not-to-vote.pdf (6 pages)
(Algeria)
60. Yossi Melman, Middle East, Israel is increasingly looking at
Yemen with concern, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-increasingly-looking-yemen-concern
(3 pages)
(Yamen)
61. Mira Tzoreff, Moshe Dayan Center (MDC), ʿAbd al-Fattah al-Sisi's
"Rehabilitation of Anwar al-Sadat”, December 2019
https://dayan.org/content/abd-al-fattah-al-sisis-rehabilitation-anwar-al-sadat
(5 pages)
(Egypt)
Go to the top
31
Russia
62. Kate Mallinson, Chatham House, Can Uzbekistan’s President Meet
Raised Expectations? December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/can-uzbekistan-s-president-meet-
raised-expectations
(2 pages)
(Russia)
63. Annette Bohr, Chatham House, Kazakhstan: Reaching Out to
Central Asian Neighbours, December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/kazakhstan-reaching-out-central-
asian-neighbours
(5 pages)
(Russia, Central Asia)
64. Tatiana MITROVA, Vitaly YERMAKOV, IFRI, Russia’s Energy
Strategy-2035: Struggling to Remain Relevant, December 2019
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mitrova_yermakov_russias_energy
_strategy_2019.pdf
(44 pages)
(Russia)
65. Tatiana Kastouéva-Jean, Russia Matters, Is a 'Reset' Between
France and Russia Needed and, If So, Is It Possible? December 2019
https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/reset-between-france-and-russia-needed-
and-if-so-it-possible
(4 pages)
(Russia, France)
66. Michael E. O’Hanlon, Adam Twardowskim Brookings, Unpacking
the China-Russia ‘alliance’, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/13/unpacking-the-china-
russia-alliance/
(3 pages)
Go to the top
32
Syria
67. Eyal Tsir Cohen, Brookings, What can we learn from the escalating
Israeli raids in Syria? December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/06/what-can-we-learn-
from-the-escalating-israeli-raids-in-syria/ (5 pages)
(Syria, Israel)
68. Harun al-Aswadm, Middle East Eye, For Syrians in Idlib, the road to
Damascus does not pass through Libya, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/syrians-idlib-road-damascus-does-not-pass-
through-libya ( pages)
(Syria, Libya)
69. MEE staff, Middle East Eye, UN increases 2020 operating budget to
investigate Syria war crimes, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-increases-2020-operating-budget-
investigate-syria-war-crimes
(UN, Syria)
70. MEE staff, Middle East Eye, Almost empty': More than 235,000 flee
southern Idlib as bombing intensifies, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/almost-empty-more-235000-flee-southern-
idlib-bombing-intensifies (2 pages)
(Syria, Idlib)
71. Ragip Soylu, Harun al-Aswad, Turkey to send Syrian rebel fighters
to battle Haftar in Libya, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-send-syrian-rebel-fighters-fight-haftar-
libya (4 pages)
(Turkey, Syria)
72. Sheren Khalel, Middle East Eye, 'Don't be a tough guy': Trump
statements that shaped US-Syria policy in 2019, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/trump-syria-policy-seven-statements-2019
(3 pages)
(Syria, US)
Go to the top
33
73. Yossi Melman in Tel Aviv, Middle East Eye, The rules have changed':
Iran-Israel tensions hit high gear with Syria attack, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-iran-syria-attacks-strikes-netanyahu-
us-drawdown-missiles
(5 pages)
(Syria, Iran, Israel)
Go to the top
34
Turkey
ماد التركية: اعت-العالقات القطرية طارق الشرقاوي، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .74
2019، كانون متبادل وفرص سانحةhttps://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-
ar/documents/d301f8b3415043818564ea21e9fa01c3_100.pdf (7 pages)
(Turkey, Qatar)
75. Gallia Lindenstrauss, Sarah J. Feuer, Ofir Winter, INSS, The Perils
of the Turkey-Libya Maritime Delimitation Deal, December 2019
https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1238.pdf (4 pages)
(Turkey, Libya)
76. Ömer Taşpınar, Brookings, ISIS and the false dawn of Kurdish
statehood, December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/13/isis-and-the-false-
dawn-of-kurdish-statehood/ (3 pages)
(Kurdish, ISIS)
77. Kemal Kirişci, Brookings, How to leverage trade concessions to
improve refugee self-reliance and host community resilience,
December 2019
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/15/how-to-leverage-
trade-concessions-to-improve-refugee-self-reliance-and-host-community-
resilience/ (6 pages)
(Turkey)
78. Umar A Farooq, Middle East Eye, Erdogan's White House visit:
Strategic success or 'kicking the can down the road'? December
2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/erdogan-white-house-visit-success-or-
stalemate (5 pages)
(Turkey, Trump)
79. Hay Eytan Cohen Yanarocak, Moshe Dayan Center (MDC), Erdoğan
under Political Siege, December 2019
https://dayan.org/content/erdogan-under-political-siege (4 pages)
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35
United States
جولة عاشرة من المفاوضات حميد اهلل محمد شاه، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .80
2019كانون األول ، نقاط الخالفمع "طالبان":
https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-
ar/documents/0fc42b46fdb44686a44a58bf3eb3f1af_100.pdf
(6 pages)
(United States, Taliban)
إدارة ترامب للسياسة ، مركز دراسات الوحدة الوطنية،علي موسى الددا .81
2019كانون األول ،الخارجية األمريكية في الشرق األوسط
https://caus.org.lb/ar/إدارة-ترامب-للسياسة-الخارجية-األمريك/
(2 pages)
82. Erik Brattberg, Philippe Le Corre, Carne The Case for
Transatlantic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific
https://carnegieendowment.org/files/WP_BrattbergLeCorre_FINAL1.pdf
(47 pages)
(United States)
83. Héloïse Goodley, Chatham House, Trump’s Threat to Target Iran’s
Cultural Heritage Is Illegal and Wrong, December 2019
https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/trump-s-threat-target-iran-s-
cultural-heritage-illegal-and-wrong (2 pages)
(United State, Iran, Trump)
84. Arnault BARICHELLA, IFRI, The Battle Heats Up: Climate Issues in
the 2020 US Presidential Election, December 2019
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/barichella_energy_us_elections_2
019.pdf (6 pages)
(United States, Elections)
85. Ali Harbm Middle East Eye, US policy in Middle East: 10 defining
moments from decade, December 2019
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-policy-middle-east-10-defining-moments-
decade (10 pages)
(Middle East, US)
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