Table of Cases

• Application under Regulation 46(3) by the ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda,‘Prosecution’s Request for a Ruling on Jurisdiction under Article 19(3) of theStatute’, (ICC-RoC46(3)-01/18-1), ICC (9 April 2018)

• Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo, (New Application: 2000), (Dem-ocratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Koroma,3 February 2006, para. 26. Kambanda (ICTR-97-23-S)

• Bemba Decision Pursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute on theCharges of the Prosecutor Against Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, (ICC-01/05-01/08), (Pre-Trial Chamber II) ICC, 15 June 2009 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2009_04528.PDF > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro, Application of the Conven-tion on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, ICJ, 20 March1993

• Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro, Case Concerning the Appli-cation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime ofGenocide Judgment, ICJ, 26 February 2007 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/91/091-20070226-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Case of the S.S. Lotus, ICJ, Series-A.- No. 10, 7 September 1927 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/permanent-court-of-international-justice/serie_A/A_10/30_Lotus_Arret.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic ofthe Congo v. Belgium) (Merits) [2002] ICJ,<https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/121/13743.pdf> (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (DRC v. Belgium) Judg-ment 14 February 2002, ICJ Reports (2002) < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/121/121-20020214-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf> (last accessed 9 January 2019)

• Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic ofCongo v. Belgium), (Separate opinion of Judges Higgins, Kooijmans andBuergenthal) [2002] ICJ < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/121/121-20020214-JUD-01-05-EN.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019V. Tsilonis, The Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21526-2

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• Case Concerning the Application of the Convention on the Preventionand Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Judgment (No.91) 26 February2007 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/91/091-20070226-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Case Concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited(Belgium v. Spain) (Judgment) [1970] Second Phase, ICJ Rep. 50

• Case Concerning Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters(Djibouti v. France) Judgment 4 June 2008, ICJ Reports of Judgements, AdvisoryOpinions and orders (2008)< https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/136/136-20080604-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf > (last accessed 9 January 2019)

• Corrigendum to the Decision Pursuant to Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on theFailure by the Republic of Malawi to Comply with the Cooperation RequestsIssued by the Court with Respect to the Arrest and Surrender of Omar HassanAhmad Al Bashir (ICC-02/05-01/09-139-Corr) (Pre-Trial Chamber) ICC,15 December 2011

• Decision concerning Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 10 February 2006 andthe Incorporation of Documents into the Record of the Case against Mr. ThomasLubanga Dyilo, (ICC-01/04-01/06-8-US-Corr), ICC, 9 March 2006 < http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc236260.PDF >, (last accessed 28 January2019)

• Decision concerning Pre-Trial Chamber I’s Decision of 10 February 2006 andthe Incorporation of Documents into the Record of the Case against Mr. ThomasLubanga Dyilo, (ICC-01/04-01/06-8-Corr) (Pre-Trial Chamber I), ICC,24 February 2006, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc236260.PDF> (lastaccessed 7 February 2019)

• Decision on the “Prosecutor’s Application Pursuant to Article 58 as toMuammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi, Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and AbdullahAl-Senussi”, ICC-01/11-12, 27 June 2011 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1099314.pdf> (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against OmarHassan Ahmad Al Bashir, (ICC-02/05-01/09-3), ICC, 4 March 2009 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/pages/record.aspx?uri¼639096 > (last accessed 8 January2019)

• Decision on the “Prosecution’s Request for a Ruling on Jurisdiction under Article19(3) of the Statute”, ICC-RoC46(3)-01/1, 6 September 2018 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2018_04203.PDF > (last accessed 27 November 2018)

• Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorisation of anInvestigation into the Situation in the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, ICC-02/11-14(3 October 2011) < https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/7a6c19/pdf/ > (lastaccessed 7 January 2019)

• Decision Pursuant to the Article 87(7) on the Failure of the Republic of Malawi toComply with the Cooperation Requests Issued by the Court with Respect to theArrest and Surrender of Omar Hassan Ahmed Al-Bashir, Al-Bashir (ICC-02/05-01/09), (Pre-Trial Chamber I), ICC, 12 December 2011 < https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/476812/pdf/ > (last accessed 8 January 2018)

240 Table of Cases

• Decision Pursuant to Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the Failure by theRepublic of Chad to Comply with the Cooperation Requests Issued by the Courtwith Respect to the Arrest and Surrender of Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir,Al-Bashir (ICC-02/05-01/09) (Pre-Trial Chamber I), ICC, 13 December 2011< https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2012_04203.PDF > (last accessed8 January 2019)

• Decision requesting further submissions on issues related to the admissibility ofthe case against Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi”, (ICC-01/11-01/11- 239) (Pre-TrialChamber I), ICC, 7 December 2012

• Defence Application on behalf of Abdullah Al-Senussi for Leave to Reply to the“Libyan Government’s Response to ‘Defence Application on behalf ofMr. Abdullah Al-Senussi concerning Libya’s Announcement of Trial Date inAugust 2013’ and Defence Request for this Application and the Defence Appli-cation of 10 July 2013 to be decided on an urgent basis, (ICC-01/11-01/11-398),ICC, 9 August 2013 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1631011.pdf> (lastaccessed 28 January 2019)

• Decision under article 87(7) of the Rome Statute on the non-compliance byJordan with the request by the Court for the arrest and surrender or OmarAl-Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09-309, 11 December 2017 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo¼ICC-02/05-01/09-309&ln¼fr >, (last accessed8 March 2019).

• Dissenting Opinion of Judge Van den Wyngaert, International Court of Justice(ICJ) < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/121/121-20020214-JUD-01-09-EN.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Djibouti v. France, Certain Questions of Mutual Assistance in CriminalMatters, Separate Οpinion of Judge ad hoc Yusouf, ICJ, 4 June 2008 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/136/136-20080604-JUD-01-09-EN.pdf > (lastaccessed 9 January 2019)

• Eliezer Niyitegeka v. The Prosecutor, Decision on the Request for Reconsidera-tion of the Decision on Request for Review, (Decision) (ICTR-96-14-A) (AppealsChamber) 27 September 2006

• Hostages Trial, US Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (19 February 1948) 15 Ann.Dig. (1953)

• Judgement on the Prosecutor’s Appeal Against the Decision of Pre-Trial Cham-ber I Entitled “Decision on the Prosecutor’s Application for Warrants of Arrest,Article 58”, (Appeals Chamber) ICC, (ICC-01/04) 13 July 2006 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2006_01807.PDF > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Judgment on the Appeal of Mr. Abdullah Al-Senussi against the Decision ofPre-Trial Chamber I on 11 October 2013 on the Admissibility of the Case againstAbdullah Al-Senussi (ICC-01/11-01/11-565) (Appeals Judgement) (AppealsChamber), 24 July 2014 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1807073.pdf>(last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Legality of the Use of Force, Yugoslavia v United States, Order, ICJ, 2 June 1999< http://www.worldcourts.com/icj/eng/decisions/1999.06.02_use_of_force1.htm> (last accessed 7 January 2019)

Table of Cases 241

• Nottebohm Case (Lichtenstein v Guatemala) 6 April 1955 (Nottebohm Case(second phase), Judgement of April 6th, 1955, ICJ, Reports 1955 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/18/018-19550406-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf > (lastaccessed 8 January 2019)

• Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, ICC, 8 July1996 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/95/095-19960708-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Request to the Republic of Belarus for Cooperation in the Arrest and Surrenderof Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir, ICC-02/05-01/09, 4 December 2018<https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/record.aspx?docNo¼ICC-02/05-01/09-395 >,(last accessed 8 March 2019).

• Request to All States Parties to the Rome Statute for the Arrest and Surrender ofOmar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Situation in Darfur (ICC-02/05-01/09-7 1/6 EOPT), Registry, 6 March 2009

• Request for authorization of an investigation pursuant to article 15, (ICC-02/17-7-Conf-Exp), (Pre-Trial Chamber), 20 November 2017

• Request to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya for the arrest and surrender of MuammarMohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi, Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi(ICC-01/11-01/11) (Pre-Trial Chamber I) 4 July 2011 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2011_08694.PDF > (last accessed 9 January 2019)

• Request Under Regulation 46(3) of the Regulations of the Court, Decision on the“Prosecution’s Request for a Ruling on Jurisdiction under Article 19(3) ofthe Statute” (ICC-RoC 46(3)-01/1) (Pre-Trial Chamber I), 6 September 2018< https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2018_04203.PDF > (last accessed28 January 2019)

• Situation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Decision on the Applicationsfor participation in the proceedings of VPRS 1, VPRS 2, VPRS 3, VPRS 4, VPRS5 and VPRS 6 (Public Redacted Version), (ICC-01/04-101-tEN-Corr), ICC,17 January 2006 < http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc183441.pdf > (lastaccessed 28 January 2019)

• Supplementary Request to All States Parties to the Rome Statute for the Arrestand Surrender of Omar Ηassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Situation in Darfur (ICC-02/05-01/09-96 1/6 RH PT) Registry 12 July 2010

• The Prosecutor v. Akayesu (Case No. ICTR-96-4-T), Judgment (Champer I)2 September 1998 < http://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr .org/files/case-documents/ictr-96-4/trial-judgements/en/980902.pdf > (last accessed 8 January2019)

• Τhe Prosecutor v. Anton Furundzija (IT-95-17/1-T) (Trial Judgment), ICTY,10 December 1998

• The Prosecutor v. Bahr Idriss Abu Garda, Decision on the Prosecutor’s Appli-cation under Article 58 (Public Redacted version), (ICC-02/05-02/09), ICC,7 May 2009 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2009_03857.PDF >(last accessed 9 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Blagojevic and Jokic, (IT-02-60-T) (Trial Judgment), ICTY,17 January 2005

242 Table of Cases

• The Prosecutor v. Blaskic, (IT-95-14-A) (Appeals Judgement) (Appeals Cham-ber), ICTY, 29 July 2004

• The Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda (ICC-01/04-02/06) 28-30 August 2018< https://www.icc-cpi.int/drc/ntaganda > (last accessed 9 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Brdanin (Case No. IT-99-36-T) Judgment (Trial Chamber II),1 September 2004 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/brdanin/tjug/en/brd-tj040901e.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Clement Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana, (Case No. ICTR-95-1-T) Judgment 21 May 1999 < http://www.refworld.org/docid/48abd5760.html> (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Clement Kayishema and Obed Ruzindana,(ICTR-95-1-A),Judgement, 1 June 2001 < http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/134/Kayishema-and-Ruzindana/ > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Đorđević (IT-05-87/1-T) Judgment, ICTY, 23 February 2011< http://www.icty.org/x/cases/djordjevic/tjug/en/110223_djordjevic_judgt_en.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadić a.k.a.“Dule”, (IT-94-1-T), (Trial Judgement)ICTY, 7 May 1997 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/tjug/en/tad-tsj70507JT2-e.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, (IΤ-94-1-Α) (Appeal Judgement), 15 July 1999< http://www.icty.org/x/cases/tadic/acjug/en/tad-aj990715e.pdf> (last accessed7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda (Case No: ICTR-96-3-T) 6 December 1999 < http://www.refworld.org/docid/48abd5880.html >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Situation in the Democratic Republic ofCongo, Dissenting Opinion of Judge Van den Wyngaert, (ICC-01/04-01/07-3484-Anx1), ICC, 24 May 2014 < https://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/121/121-20020214-JUD-01-09-EN.pdf > (last accessed 9 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Goran Jelisić (Case No. IT-95-10-T), Judgment 14 December1999 para 66 < http://www.icty.org/x/ cases/jelisic/tjug/en/jel-tj991214e.pdf >(last accessed 7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Gotovina et al. (IT-06-90-T) Trial Judgment, ICTY, 15 April2001

• The Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema (Case No. ICTR-95-1A-T), Appeal Judg-ment 7 June 2001 < http://www.refworld.org/docid/48abd5170.html > (lastaccessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema (ICTR-95-lA-T) (Trial Judgement) (TrialChamber I), ICTR, 7 June 2001

• The Prosecutor v. Kunarac, Kovac and Vukovic (IT-69-23/IT-96-23-1) AppealsJudgment, ICTY, 12 June 2002

• The Prosecutor v. Laurent Bucyibaruta (Decision on the Prosecutor’s Request forthe Referral of Laurent Bucyibaruta’s Indictment to France), ICTR 2005-85-I,20 November 2007< http://www.unictr.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-05-85/trial-decisions/en/071120.pdf” > (last accessed 7 January2019). The

Table of Cases 243

Prosecutor v. Wenceslas Munyeshyaka (Decision on the Prosecutor’s Request forthe Referral of Wenceslas Munyeshyaka’s Indictment to France) ICTR-2005-87-I,20 November 2007< http://www.unictr.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-05-87/trial-decisions/en/071120.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Jelisić and Cesić (Case No. IT-95-10-I) Initial Indictment21 July 1995 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/jelisic/ind/en/jel-ii950721e.pdf >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Jelisić and Cesić (Case No. IT-95-10-I) First Amended Indict-ment 3 March 1998 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/jelisic/ind/en/jel-1ai980512e.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Jelisić and Cesić (Case No. IT-95-10-I) Second AmendedIndictment 19 October 1998 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/jelisic/ind/en/981019.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Jelisić and Cesić (IT-95-10-T) Trial Judgment, ICTY,14 December 1999 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/jelisic/tjug/en/jel-tj991214e.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Jelisic (IT-95-10-A) Dissenting Opinion of Judge Wald, ICTY,5 July 2001-

• The Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony and Vincent Otti (ICC-02/04-01/05), ICC,13 October 2005 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/uganda/kony > (last accessed9 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony and Vincent Otti, Decision to Convene a StatusConference on the Investigation in the Situation in Uganda in Relation to theApplication of Article 53 (ICC-02/04-01/05-68) (Pre-Trial Chamber II), ICC2 December 2005 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc97225.pdf> (lastaccessed 7 February 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Karadzić and Mladić (Case Nos. IT-95-18-R61, IT-95-5-R61)Transcript of Hearing of 27 June 1996, 24 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/karadzic/trans/en/960627it.htm > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, “Judgment onthe Appeal of Mr. Germain Katanga against the Oral Decision of Trial ChamberII of 12 June 2009 on the Admissibility of the Case”, (ICC-01/04-01/07-1497)(Appeals Chamber), ICC, 25 September 2009, <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc746819.pdf> (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Decision on the confirmation of charges,(ICC-01/04-01/07-717), (Pre-Trial Chamber I), ICC, 30 September 2008,< https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2008_05172.PDF > (last accessed8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v Kordic and Cerke, (IT-95-14/2-A) (Appeals Judgment), ICTY17 December 2004

• The Prosecutor v. Kunarac et al., (IT-96-23-T & IT-96-23/1-T), (Trial Judgment),ICTY, 22 February 2001 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kunarac/tjug/en/kun-tj010222e.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

244 Table of Cases

• The Prosecutor v. Kunarac, Kovac and Vukovic (IT-96-23/IT-96-23/1-A) AppealsJudgement, ICTY, 12 June 2002 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kunarac/acjug/en/kun-aj020612e.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Kupreškić et al. (IT-95-16-T) Trial Judgment, ICTY, 14 January2000 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/kupreskic/tjug/en/kup-tj000114e.pdf > (lastaccessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Kupreskic et al, (IT-95-16-A) (Appeals Judgement) (AppealsChamber), ICTY, 23 October 2001

• The Prosecutor v. Krnojelac (IT-97-25-T) Trial Judgment, ICTY, 15 March 2002• The Prosecutor v. Kvocka et al., (IT-98-30/1-A) (Appeals Judgment) (Appeals

Chamber), ICTY, 25 February 2005• The Prosecutor v. Michel Bagaragaza (Decision on Rule 11bis Appeal), ICTR-

2005-86-11bis, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 30 August2006< http://www.worldcourts.com/ictr/eng/decisions/2006.08.30_Prosecutor_v_Bagaragaza.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v Milorad Kronjelac, (IT-97-25-T), (Trial Judgment), ICTY,15 March 2002

• The Prosecutor v Musema (ICTR-96-13-A) Trial Judgment, ICTR, 27 January2000 < http://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-96-13/trial-judgements/en/000127.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v Naletelic and Martinovic, (IT-98-34-T), (Trial Judgment),ICTY, 31 March 2003

• The Prosecutor v. Nicolić a/k/a “Jenki”, «Review of the Indictment Pursuant toRule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Case No. IT-94-l-R61)20 October 1995

• The Prosecutor v. Ntagerura et al, (ICTR-99-46-A), Appeals Judgement (AppealsChamber), ICTR, 7 July 2006

• The Prosecutor v. Ntakirutimana, (ICTR-96-10-A and ICTR-96-17-A), AppealsJudgement, (Appeals Chamber), ICTR, 13 December 2004

• The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Public Redacted Version,Decision on the Prosecution’s Application for a Warrant of Arrest against OmarHassan Ahmad Al Bashir, (ICC-02/05-01/09-3), ICC, 4 March 2009 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2009_01517.PDF > (last accessed 8 January2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Perišić (IT-04-81-T) Trial Judgment, ICTY, 6 September 2011• The Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić (Case No. IT-98-33-T) Trial Judgment,

2 August 2001 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/tjug/en/krs-tj010802e.pdf >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić (Case No. IT-98-33-A) Judgment 19 April2004 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/acjug/en/krs-aj040419e.pdf > (lastaccessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v Rutaganda (ICTR-96-3-T) Trial Judgment, ICTR, 6 December1999

• The Prosecutor v. Ruto, Koshey and Sang, Decision on theConfirmation ofChargesPursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute,(ICC-01/09-01/11), ICC,

Table of Cases 245

23 January 2012 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2012_01004.PDF >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi, Declaration of Judge Christine Van denWyngaert, (ICC-01/11-01/11-466-Anx) (Pre-Trial Chamber I), ICC, 11 October2013 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1663117.PDF> (last accessed28 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi (Pre-TrialChamber, Decision on the admissibility of the case against Saif Al-IslamGaddafi), ICC-01/11-01/11-344-Red, International Criminal Court (ICC),31 May 2013 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1599307.pdf> (lastaccessed 7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi (Pre-TrialChamber I, Public redacted: Summary of the Decision on the Admissibility ofthe Case Against Mr. Abdullah Al-Senussi) ICC-01/11-01/11, InternationalCriminal Court (ICC) 11 October 2013 <https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2013_07445.PDF> (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Semanza (ICTR-97-20-T) (Trial Judgement and Sentence),ICTR 15 May 2003, para 317 < http://www.ictrcaselaw.org/docs/doc37512.pdf> (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Sikirica et al. (Case No. IT-95-8-I) Judgment on DefenceMotion to Acquit, 3 September 2001 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/sikirica/tjug/en/010903r98bis-e.pdf > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milosevic, Decision on Preliminary Motions, ICTY,8 November 2001 < http://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/tdec/en/1110873516829.htm > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Stakić (Case No. IT-97-24-A) Appeal Judgment 22 March 2006< http://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfb550.html > (last accessed 8 January2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Taylor (SCSL-03-01-I-059) (Appeals Chamber) Decisionon Immunity from Jurisdiction, Special Court for Sierra Leone, 31 May 2004< http://www.worldcourts.com/scsl/eng/decisions/2004.05.31_Prosecutor_v_Taylor.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment on the Appeal ofMr. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo against the Decision on the Defence Challenge tothe Jurisdiction of the Court pursuant to Αrticle 19(2)(a) of the Statute of3 October 2006 (ICC–01/04– 01/06-772) (Appeals Chamber) ICC, 13 December2006 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc243774.pdf > (last accessed28 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Public Redacted Version with Annex I,Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, ICC-01/04-01/06, 29 January 2007< https://www.icc-cpi.int/pages/record.aspx?uri¼247813 > (last accessed7 January 2019)

• The Prosecutor v Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment, (ICC-01/04-01/06-2842),(Trial Chamber I), 14 March 2012 < http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1379838.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

246 Table of Cases

• The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of theStatute (ICC-01/04-01/06-2842) (Trial Chamber I), ICC, 05 April 2012< https://www.icc-cpi.int/pages/record.aspx?uri¼1379838 > (last accessed 9 January2019)

• The Prosecutor v. Vasiljević (IT-98-32-T) Trial Judgment, ICTY, 25 February2004

• Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal,Nuremberg, Germany (1947) < https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/NT_Vol-I.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Warrant of Arrest for Abdullah Al-Senussi (ICC-01/11-01/11-4), (Pre-TrialChamber I), ICC, 27 June 2011 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc1101360.pdf> (last accessed 7 February 2019)

• Warrant of Arrest for Joseph Kony issued on 8th July 2005 as amended on27th September 2005, (ICC-02/04-01/05-53) (Pre-Trial Chamber II), ICC,28 September 2005 <http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/doc/doc97185.pdf> (lastaccessed 7 February 2019)

• Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir (ICC-02/05-01/09-1)04 March 2009, (Pre-Trial Chamber I), ICC < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2009_01514.PDF > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Warrant of Arrest for Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi (ICC-01/11) (Pre-Trial Chamber I)ICC, 27 June 2011 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2011_08353.PDF > (last accessed 9 January 2019)

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Table of Legislation and Documents

Laws

• Agreement for the Repression of Obscene Publications (1929)• ‘Arbitration, Security and Reduction of Armaments: Protocol for the Pacific

Settlement of International Disputes’ (League of Nations) (1925) <http://digital.library.northwestern.edu/league/le000016.pdf > (last accessed 7 January2019)

• Charter of the International Military Tribunal - Annex to the Agreement for theprosecution and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis(“London Agreement”)< https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid¼3ae6b39614 > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000)• Circular of the Ministry of Interior, Hellenic Republic, F. 82215/18303, Provi-

sion of clarifications on the conceptual definition of the terms“citizenship”,“citizenship” and “nationality”, [Εγκύκλιoς τoυ Υπoυργείoυ Εσωτερικω�ν, Φ.82215/18303, Παρoχή διευκρινίσεων σχετικά με τoν εννoιoλoγικóπρoσδιoρισμó των óρων «ιθαγε�νεια», «υπηκoóτητα» και «εθνικóτητα» 09-07-2013] < http://www.ypes.gr/UserFiles/f0ff9297-f516-40ff-a70eeca84e2ec9b9/eggr_f_82215_090713.pdf > (last accessed 3 December 2015)

• Covenant of the League of Nations < http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp > (last accessed 28 January 2019).

• Draft Code of Offences against the Peace and Security of Mankind, (1954)< http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/7_3_1954.pdf >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• European Convention on Human Rights (1950)• First Protocol to the ECHR (1950)• Fourth Protocol to the ECHR (1963)

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249

• France, Great Britain and Russia Joint Declaration (1915) < http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.160/current_category.7/affirmation_detail.html> (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Hague Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and itsannex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land (1907)< https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/195 > (last accessed 8 January2019)

• International Convention for the Protection of Submarines Telegraph Cables(1884)

• International Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951)< http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10 > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• International Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft(1971)

• International Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safetyof Civil Aviation (1973)

• International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism; GARes 59/290, A/Res/59/290 (2005)

• International Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment or Punishment 1465 UNTS (1987)

• International Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psycho-tropic Substances, 20 December 1988, 28 ILM (1989)

• International Convention on the Traffic in Persons and the Exploitation of theProstitution of Others (1951) GA Res 317, UN GOAR, 4th session, 264η Assembly(1949)

• International Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (1954)< http://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/1954-Convention-relating-to-the-Status-of-Stateless-Persons_ENG.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• International Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961)< http://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/wp-content/uploads/1961-Convention-on-the-reduction-of-Statelessness_ENG.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of theWounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (1949)

• Τhe Second Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition ofWounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (1949)

• Τhe Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War(1949)

• Τhe Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons inTime of War (1949)

• ICC, Rules of Procedure and Evidence (2013)• International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency (1931)• International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic (1951)• International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Dis-

appearances, GA Res 61/177, A/Res/61/177 (2006)• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (1966) 999 UNTS

171

250 Table of Legislation and Documents

• International Military Tribunal for the Far East Charter (IMTFE Charter)< http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.3_1946%20Tokyo%20Charter.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• International Opium Convention (1912)• Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement (“Oslo II”) < https://www.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/interimtoc.html> (last accessed7January2019).

• Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip-Annex IV: Protocol Concerning Legal Affairs (1995) < https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/iaannex4.html> (last accessed 7 January2019)

• Laws of War: Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (Hague I) < http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_ce ntury/hague01.asp > (last accessed 28 January2019)

• Laws of War: Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV) (1907) < http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hague04.asp > (last accessed 28 January2019)

• Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, EspeciallyWomen and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention againstTransnational Organized Crime (2003), GA Res 55/25, A/Res/55/25 (2000)

• Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998)• Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1975)• Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY Statute)

(1993) < http://www.icty.org/x/file/Legal%20Library/Statute/statute_sept09_en.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR Statute) (1994) < http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ictr_EF.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (2000) < http://www.rscsl.org/Documents/scsl-statute.pdf > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Treaty for Renunciation of War (Kellogg-Briand Pact) (1929) <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/kbpact.asp> (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• United Nations Charter (1945) < https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/ctc/uncharter.pdf > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psycho-tropic Substances (1990)

• United Nations Convention Against Corruption (which entered into force on14 December 2005); GA Res 58/4, A/Res/58/4 (2003)

• Updated Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugosla-via, as amended by Resolution 1877/7-07-2009 < https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/updated-statute-of-the-international-criminal-tribunal-for-the-former-yugoslavia/ > (last accessed 8 January 2019).

Table of Legislation and Documents 251

United Nations and Other InternationalDocuments

• Amnesty International Report, ‘Our Job is to Shoot, Slaughter and Kill’ BokoHaram’s Reign of Terror in North-East Nigeria (Amnesty International, 2015)

• Annex I (B), Final Act of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Pleni-potentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court (U.N. Doc.A/CONF.183/13 on 17 July 1998) < http://legal.un.org/icc/rome/proceedings/E/Rome%20Proceedings_v1_e.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Annex III: Report of the Working Group on the Crime of Aggression, AttachmentIII: Understandings regarding the Amendments to the Rome Statute of the Interna-tional CriminalCourt on theCrime ofAggression, Referrals by the Security Council,RC-11 (2010) < https://asp.icc-cpi.int%2Ficcdocs%2Fasp_docs%2FRC2010%2FRC-11-Annex.III-ENG.pdf&usg¼AOvVaw37O9t3YYvtd1zBKuGpYbbfp > (lastaccessed 28 January 2019)

• Annex to the “Paper on some policy issues before the Office of the Prosecutor”:Referrals and Communications (15 September 2016) < https://www.icc-cpi.int/itemsdocuments/20160915_otp-policy_case-selection_eng.pdf > (last accessed7 February 2019)

• Application on behalf of the Government of Libya relating to AbdullahAl-Senussi pursuant to Article 19 of the ICC Rome Statute, ICC-01/11-01/11-307-Red2, 03-04-2013 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2013_02635.PDF > (last accessed 7 February 2019)

• ASP President welcomes the revocation of South Africa’s withdrawal fromthe Rome Statute, 11 March 2017 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name¼pr1285 > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Bruno Cathala. Antonio Cassese et al, ‘Decision of the Director of the ICCCommon Services at the time’, Informal Expert Paper: The Principle of Com-plementarity in Practice, (ICC-01/04-01/07-1008-AnxA), ICC, 30 March 2009 <https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/90915d/pdf/ > (last accessed 7 February 2019)

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253

• Communication by Raphael Lemkin, 2 Executive Sessions of the Senate ForeignRelations Committee, Historical Series 781-805 (1976)

• Decision on the Meeting of African States Parties to the Rome Statute of theInternational Criminal Court (ICC), Doc. Assembly/AU/13(XIII), Assembly/AU/Dec.245(XIII), Rev.1 < https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/9560-assembly_en_1_3_july_2009_auc_thirteenth_ordinary_session_decisions_declarations_message_congratulations_motion_0.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Declaration Accepting the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court,31 December 2014 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/PIDS/press/Palestine_A_12-3.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Dominican Republic: Proposal Regarding the Preamble, UN Doc.A/CONF.183/C.1/L.52 < https://www.dropbox.com/s/z1gc07v13ofb34o/Proposal%20Submitted%20by%20the%20Dominican%20Republic.pdf?dl¼0 >(last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Draft Statute for the International Criminal Court. Part 2. Jurisdiction, Admis-sibility and Applicable Law, UN Doc. A/AC.249/1998/CRP.8, 2 ft 1 < https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/e652fe/pdf/ > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Final Act of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries onthe Establishment of an International Criminal Court (U.N. Doc. A/CONF.183/13 on 17 July 1998) < http://legal.un.org/icc/rome/proceedings/E/Rome%20Proceedings_v1_e.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Geneva Academy, Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project <http://www.geneva-academy.ch/RULAC/international_criminal_law.php> (last accessed 7 January2019)

• UNGA Resolution 96(I), A/PV.55, 11 December 1946 < http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol¼A/RES/96(I)&Lang¼E&Area¼RESOLUTION >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• General Assembly, The Situation in the Middle East, GA Res. 37/123,16 December 1982, Chapter D < http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/37/a37r123.htm > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• General Assembly, ‘General Assembly Votes Overwhelmingly to Accord Pales-tine ‘Non-Member Observer State’ Status in United Nations’, Sixty-seventhGeneral Assembly, Plenary, 44th & 45th Meetings, GA/11317 (29 November2012) < https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/ga11317.doc.htm > (last accessed7 January 2019)

• Human Rights in Palestine and Other Occupied Arab Territories: Report of theUnited Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (15 September 2009)< https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/blog/document/human-rights-in-palestine-and-other-occupied-arab-territories-report-of-the-united-nations-fact-finding-mission-on-the-gaza-conflict/ > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Referral letter by the Government of Mali, 13 July 2012,<http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/A245A47F-BFD1-45B6-891C-3BCB5B173F57/0/ReferralLetterMali130712.pdf> (last accessed 7 February 2019)

254 United Nations and Other International Documents

• Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an InternationalCriminal Court, A/CONF.183/2/Add.1, 14 April 1998 < https://undocs.org/A/CONF.183/2/Add.1 > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Report of the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court,Finalized Draft Text of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, PCNICC/2000/1/Add.1, 2 November 2000 < https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/1a75a9/pdf/ > (lastaccessed 7 January 2019)

• Report on Preliminary Examination Activities 2014, 2 December 2014< https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-Pre-Exam-2014.pdf > (last accessed7 January 2019)

• ILC, ‘Documents of the Fifth Session including the Report of the InternationalLaw Commission to the General Assembly’ (1 June-14 August 1953) UN Doc A /CN.4/SER.A/1953/Add 1

• ILC, ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its forty-third session’ (29 April-19 July 1991) Supplement No 10 UN Doc A/46/10(1991) <http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/reports/a_46_10.pdf>(last accessed 7 January 2019)

• ILC, Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1991 UN Doc A/CN.4/SER.A/1991/Add.1 (Part 2) < http://legal.un.org/ilc/publications/yearbooks/english/ilc_1991_v2_p2.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• ILC, Yearbook (1992) UN doc. a/cn.4/ser.a/1992/add.1 55 < http://legal.un.org/ilc/publications/yearbooks/english/ilc_1992_v2_p1.pdf > (last accessed7 January 2019)

• ILC, Yearbook of the International Law Commission (1993) ‘Report of theInternational Law Commission on the Work of its Forty-Fifth Session(3 May-23 July 1993)’, UN Doc. A/CN.4/SER.A/1993Add.1, Volume II (Part 2)< http://legal.un.org/ilc/publications/yearbooks/english/ilc_1993_v2_p2.pdf >(last accessed 8 January 2019)

• ILC, ‘Yearbook of the International Law Commission: Report of the Commissionto the General Assembly on the Work of Its Forty-sixth Session’, Volume II, PartTwo (1994)

• ILC, ‘Yearbook of the International Law Commission: Summary Records ofthe Meetings of the Forty-eighth Session 6May-26 July 1996’, Volume I(1996) < http://legal.un.org/docs/?path¼../ilc/publications/yearbooks/english/ilc_1996_v1.pdf&lang¼EFSRAC > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• ILC, ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of itsForty-eighth Session’ (6 May-26 July 1996) (Draft Code of Crimes Againstthe Peace and Security of Crimes of Mankind) Supplement No 10 UN DocA/51/10 16<http://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/reports/a_51_10.pdf> (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• ILC, ‘Report on the Facilitation on the Activation of the Jurisdiction of the Interna-tionalCriminalCourt over theCrime of Aggression’ (ICC-ASP/16/24), 27November

United Nations and Other International Documents 255

2017, Annex III Elements of an activation decision presented by delegations, sub. A< https://www.asp.icc-cpi.int%2Ficcdocs%2Fasp_docs%2FASP16%2FICC-ASP-16-24-ENG.pdf&usg¼AOvVaw330Lhve0B51gVKcZCISCVS > (last accessed28 January 2018)

• Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the notorious “DisengagementPlan” < https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/israeli%20disengagement%20plan%2020-jan-2005.aspx > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Jackson R. H., Report, United States Representative to the International Con-ference on Military Trials (US Government Printing Office, Washington DC1949)

• The Jurisdiction of the International Court, An Informal Discussion papersubmitted by Germany U.N. Doc. A/AC.249/1998/DP.2

• Letter of Prosecutor, 9 February 2006 < http://www.iccnow.org%2Fdocuments%2FOTP_letter_to_senders_re_Iraq_9_February_2006.pdf&usg¼AOvVaw3xBEGUPqeF4y6gXJXYxlme > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Luis Moreno-Ocampo, Statement made at the ceremony for the solemn under-taking of the Chief Prosecutor of the ICC, Monday 16 June 2003, Palace ofPeace, Hague < https://www.icc-cpi.int%2Fnr%2Frdonlyres%2Fd7572226-264a-4b6b-85e3-2673648b4896%2F143585%2F030616_moreno_ocampo_english.pdf&usg¼AOvVaw1fjXPDoMKo4ikgz7_l7S57 > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Luis-Moreno Ocampo, OTP Letter to Senders for the situation in Iraq,9 February 2006 < http://www.iccnow.org/documents/OTP_letter_to_senders_re_Iraq_9_February_2006.pdf > (last accessed 8 January 2019)

• Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Paper on Some Policy Issues Before the Office ofthe Prosecutor’, September 2003 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/1fa7c4c6-de5f-42b7-8b25-60aa962ed8b6/143594/030905_policy_paper.pdf >(last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Response to Communications Received ConcerningIraq’ (9 February 2006) < https://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/04D143C8-19FB-466C-AB77-4CDB2FDEBEF7/143682/OTP_letter_to_senders_re_Iraq_9_February_2006.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Response to Communications Received ConcerningVenezuela’ (9 February 2006) < https://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/4E2BC725-6A63-40B8-8CDC-ADBA7BCAA91F/143684/OTP_letter_to_senders_re_Venezuela_9_February_2006.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019).

• Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Report on the Activities Performed During the FirstThree Years (June 2003-June 2006) (12 September 2006) < https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/d76a5d89-fb64-47a9-9821-725747378ab2/143680/otp_3yearreport20060914_english.pdf > (last accessed 7 February 2019)

• Office of the Prosecutor, ‘Report on Preliminary Examination Activities 2016’(14 November 2016) < https://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/161114-otp-rep-pe_eng.pdf > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

256 United Nations and Other International Documents

• Palestinian National Authority, Ministry of Justice, “Declaration recognisingthe Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court” 21 January 2009 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/74EEE201-0FED-4481-95D4-C8071087102C/279777/20090122PalestinianDeclaration2.pdf> (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Paper on Some Policy Issues Before the Office of the Prosecutor, ICC-OTP<http://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/1fa7c4c6-de5f-42b7-8b25-60aa962ed8b6/143594/030905policy_paper.pdf> (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Preparatory Committee on International Criminal Court Concludes Third Ses-sion Press Release L/2824, 21 February 1997 < http://www.iccnow.org/documents/3PrepCmtConcludes21Feb97.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Preparatory Committee on The Establishment of An International CriminalCourt, Decisions Taken by The Preparatory Committee at its Session Heldfrom 11 to 21 February 1997 A/AC.249/1997/L.5 2 < http://www.iccnow.org/documents/DecisionsTaken11to21Feb97.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• President of the Assembly regrets withdrawal of any State Party from theRome Statute and reaffirms the Court’s fight against impunity, 22 October2016, < https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name¼pr1248 > (lastaccessed 7 February 2019)

• President of Uganda Refers Situation Concerning the Lord’s Resistance Army(LRA) to the ICC< https://www.icc-cpi.int/pages/item.aspx?name¼president+of+uganda+refers+situation+concerning+the+lord_s+resistance+army+_lra_+to+the+icc > (last accessed 7 February 2019)

• Press Conference by the President of the Assembly on withdrawal from the RomeStatute, today at 15:00 (GMT) in Dakar, 24 October 2016, < https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name¼ma206 > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Press Release: Palestine declares acceptance of ICC jurisdiction since 13 June2014, 05/01/2015, ICC-CPI-20150105-PR1080 < https://www.icc-cpi.int//Pages/item.aspx?name¼pr1080 > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Press Release: The State of Palestine accedes to the Rome Statute, 7 January2015 < https://www.icc-cpi.int//Pages/item.aspx?name¼pr1082_2 > (lastaccessed 7 January 2019)

• Press Release: The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, FatouBensouda, opens a preliminary examination of the situation in Palestine,16 January 2015 < https://www.icc-cpi.int//Pages/item.aspx?name¼pr1083 >(last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Registrar (of the ICC), Letter to the Palestinian National Authority, 2009/404/SA/LASS, dated 23 January 2009 < https://www.icc-cpi.int%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F74EEE201-0FED-4481-95D4-C8071087102C%2F279778%2F20090123404SALASS2.pdf&usg¼AOvVaw1GDhBsDMgynsLki6VzdOC3> (last accessed 8 March 2019).

• Security Council, ‘Letter Dated 24 May 1994 from the Secretary-General to thePresident of the Security Council’, UN Doc. S/1994/674, 27 May 1994 < http://www.icty.org/x/file/About /OTP/un_commission_of_experts_report1994_en.pdf> (last accessed 8 January 2019)

United Nations and Other International Documents 257

• Situation on Registered Vessels of Comoros, Greece and Cambodia Article 53(1)Report, 06 November 2014 < http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-COM-Article_53%281%29-Report-06Nov2014Eng.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• Situation in Georgia, Public Document with Confidential, EX PARTE,Annexes A, B, C, D.2, E.3, E.7, E.9, F, H and Public Annexes 1, D.1, E.1, E.2,E.4, E.5, E.6, E.8,G, I, J, ICC-01/15-4 13-10-2015 1/160 EO PT, 13 October2015 < https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2015_19375.PDF > (lastaccessed 28 January 2019)

• Statement of the President of the Assembly of States Parties on the process ofwithdrawal from the Rome Statute by Burundi, 18 October 2016, < https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name¼pr1244 > (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Ms FatouBensouda, regarding the situation in the Kasaï provinces, Democratic Republicof the Congo, 31 March 2017, <https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name¼170331-otp-stat> (last accessed 28 January 2019)

• The Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and onEnforcement of Penalties, Recommendation, Report Presented to the PreliminaryPeace Conference, 29 March 1919, (1920) 14 (1-2) AJIL 95

• Tomuschat C. (2008) “Uniting for Peace” UN Audiovisual Library of Interna-tional Law < http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ufp/ufp_e.pdf > (last accessed7 January 2019)

• UCLA Forum, ‘Invited Experts on Gaza Jurisdiction Debate’ (September 2010-January 2011) < http://uclalawforum.com/gaza > (last accessed 7 January2019)

• United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establish-ment of an International Criminal Court Rome, Official Records, 15 June -17 July 1998, < http://legal.un.org/icc/rome/proceedings/contents.htm >, (lastaccessed 8 March 2019).

• United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establish-ment of an International Criminal Court Official Records: Summary records ofthe plenary meetings and of the meetings of the Committee of the Whole, ThirdMeeting A/CONF.183/C.1/SR.3 < http://legal.un.org/icc/rome/proceedings /E/Rome%20Proceedings_v2_e.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• UN Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of anInternational Criminal Court, 9th Plenary Meeting, UN Doc. A/CONF.183/SR.9, 122< http://legal.un.org/icc/rome/proceedings/E/Rome%20Proceedings_v2_e.pdf > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• UN, Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of anInternational Criminal Court, Republic of Korea: proposal regarding articles6 [9], 7 [6], and 8 [7]; Acceptance and Exercise of Jurisdiction of the Court, UNDoc. A/CONF.183/C.1/L.6, 18 June 1998 < https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/2fba4e/pdf/ > (last accessed 7 January 2019)

• UN Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of anInternational Criminal Court, UN Doc. A/CONF.183/SR.9, 25 January 1999

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Index

AAcceptance

Ad hoc, 19, 28, 30, 31, 37, 38, 45, 57,60–63, 70–73, 77, 86, 105, 144,160, 185, 203, 218, 238, 241, 259

of ICCRSt amendments, 57–60, 132, 156,158, 164

on the meaning of the term and acomparison with the terms of caseand situations (see Case; Situation)

regarding which crime, 59, 155on war crimes (see Jurisdiction)

African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights,56–57

Aggressionaggressive acts pursuant to the ICCRSt, 82aggressive acts pursuant to the UNGA

Resolution, 53, 77, 254, 259Barcelona Traction case, 155crime of, 3, 6–11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25,

28, 29, 32, 33, 35–37, 39, 58–59,149–166, 187, 192, 208, 253, 255

as defined in UN Charter, 153elements, 39, 80–81, 145ICCRSt definition, 81–82preconditions to the exercise of the ICC’s

jurisdiction (see Jurisdiction)USA v Goering case (Nuremberg), 152

Agreement Establishing the World TradeOrganisation, 54

Apartheid, 11, 15, 21, 103, 106, 107, 109Applicable Law (by the ICC), 137, 174, 181,

182, 219, 254Armed Conflict, see ConflictArrest

ICJ case, 184, 185Milosevic judgment (ICJ), 177, 178Omar Al-Bashir judgment (ICC), 97, 169,

170, 172, 175, 177, 179, 180, 183,193, 201, 202

Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and AbdullahAl-Senussi (ICC), 1, 4, 198, 199,202, 224, 226, 227, 229, 232,240–242, 246, 247

warrant, 9, 10, 30, 97, 169, 170, 177, 178,184, 185, 188, 193, 197–199, 201,202, 239

Attackagainst buildings dedicated to religion,

education, art, science or charitablepurposes, historic monuments,hospitals and places where thesick and wounded are collected,provided they are not militaryobjectives, 129

against civilians, as a war crime, 129as a defence, 109definition of organisation, according to

Schabas, 121, 123, 124definition of organisation, according to the

author, 122definition of organisation, correlation with

state, 120, 122as distinct from armed conflict, 108–109as distinct from violence, 106, 108, 109,

116, 117first proposed interpretation, 110second proposed interpretation, 110third proposed interpretation, 113fourth proposed interpretation, 115

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019V. Tsilonis, The Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21526-2

275

Attack (cont.)interpretation in the Bemba case, 118, 119interpretation in the Katanga case, 118interpretation in the Ruto, Koshey and Sang

case, 117as a necessary element of crimes against

humanity, according to the ICTY,108

against personnel, installations, material,units or vehicles involved in ahumanitarian assistance orpeacekeeping mission in accordancewith the Charter of the UnitedNations, as a war crime, 129

pursuant to or in furtherance of a state ororganizational policy to commit suchattack, 110

against towns, villages, dwellings orbuildings which are undefendedand which are not militaryobjectives, 130

widespread and/or multiple commissionand/or systematic, 110(see also Arrest)

Aut dedere aut judicare, 219

BBassiouni, C. M., 12–16, 20, 21, 43, 52, 79, 92,

93, 122–124, 155, 220Bekou, Olympia, 44, 209Belarus, 180, 242Blue Helmets or Blue Berets, 35

CCase

as distinct from crime, 71–73as distinct from situation, 71–73

Cassese, A., 9–11, 21, 31, 33–35, 39, 57, 58,65, 73, 134, 135, 153, 154, 217–219,253

ChadChad judgment, 173–180tu quoque (see Attack; Defence)

Citizenship, see NationalityComplementarity

actual complementarity (in contrast topassive, positive, proactive andradical complementarity), 236–238

aut dedere aut judicare, 219awakening hypothesis of complementarity,

2, 4, 207–238definition, 236foundations, 217

passive complementarity, 238position adopted by the author, 237–238positive complementarity, 237–238proactive complementarity, 237–238radical complementarity, 237–238self-referral (see Referral)

Conflictarmed, 4, 5, 14, 35, 43, 67, 108, 109, 125, 126,

128, 129, 138–139, 142–144, 254as distinct from aggression, 108–110as distinct from crimes against humanity,

125elements of crimes, 35grave violations of the laws and customs

applicable in international armedconflict, as a war crime, 43, 128, 129,138

ICC definition, 38–39ICTY definition, 37other serious violations of the laws and

customs applicable in armed conflictsnot of an international character,within the established framework ofinternational law, as a war crime, 43,128, 129, 138, 144, 145

other serious violations of the laws andcustoms applicable in internationalarmed conflict, within the establishedframework of international law, as awar crime, 138

as a precondition of war crimes, 106serious violations of article 3 common to the

four Geneva Conventions of12 August 1949 in the case of anarmed conflict not of an internationalcharacter, as a war crime, 129, 138,144

Consentad hoc jurisdiction (see Jurisdiction)principle of mutual consent, 56surrender (request for the surrender),

169–171, 200Convention of the Reduction of Statelessness,

65Convention on International Liability for

Damage Caused by SpaceObjects, 54

Convention on the Prevention and Punishmentof the Crime of Genocide, 77, 78, 82,86, 91, 168, 239, 240

Convention on the Rights of Persons withDisabilities (CRPD), 54

Convention Relating to the Status ofRefugees, 67

Cook Islands

276 Index

recognition as a state, 54self-governed legal personality, 54, 55

Cooperationthe lack of a cooperation obligation for state

parties, 189obligation of complete cooperation,

199, 201state parties’ refusal to cooperate, 131, 198of state parties with the iCC, 192, 208,

213, 218Crime

continuing, 61–62definition with regards to ad hoc acceptance,

70–73of genocide (see Genocide)grounds for excluding criminal

responsibility, 137against humanity (see Humanity)international (see International Crime)traditional definition, 73transnational (see Transnational Crime)war crimes (see War)

Custom, see International Customary Law

DDeby Itno, 172Defence

against the ICC’s jurisdiction, 179lawful, individual or collective, 152preemptive, 189self-defence, 152–154

Disappearanceas a crime against humanity under the

ICCRSt, 106as a crime against humanity under the

ICTY, 105definition as a crime against humanity, 106enforced disappearance of persons, as a

crime against humanity, 106, 107enforced disappearance of persons, as an

international crime, 106, 107enforced disappearance of persons,

definition, 106–107of a group (see Genocide, destroy a group in

part)as a war crime, 103

EElements of crimes

applicable law, 80, 137, 174, 219crime of aggression, 155

in relation to the ICCRSt, 134–136, 175war crimes, 134, 137, 138

Enslavementas a crime against humanity, 104definition as a crime against humanity, 106

European Convention of Human Rights, 10, 11,22, 23, 55, 249

European Court of Human RightsDrozd and Janousek case, 55Stardust Marine case, 55

European Court of Justice (ECJ, today Court ofJustice of the European Union)

Stardust Marine Case, 55Extermination

as a crime against humanity, 104definition, 106

FForce, 4, 11, 13, 17, 18, 23, 31, 32, 36, 41,

44–46, 57–59, 61–63, 77, 80, 108,122, 136, 138, 146, 149, 150, 152,153, 155–159, 161–164, 169, 171,189, 201, 202, 209, 213, 236

forcibly transferring children of the group toanother group, as a crime ofgenocide, 79, 100

GSaif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi

(ICC), 1, 4, 198, 199, 202, 224, 226,227, 229, 232, 240–242, 246, 247

Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949(on armed conflicts), 128, 129,144–145

GenocideBagilishema case, 85correlation with crimes against humanity,

10, 14, 35, 208definition

definition according to the Elements ofCrimes, 134

definition according to the ICCRSt, 120definition of national, ethnical, racial or

religious group, 81most recent definition, 124

destroy a group in part, 88Genocide Convention, 77–80, 84–89, 92,

96, 102geographical dimension, 88, 90, 91, 95, 96intent to destroy the group in whole, 79, 81–

88, 90, 91, 95–96

Index 277

Genocide (cont.)Jelisić case, 90Kayushema and Ruzindana case, 84, 89–91mens rea, 79–95Nikolic case, 84Nottebohm case on national group, 88, 242qualitative criterion, 92, 95Rutaganda case, 85, 109Schabas, 81, 87Stakić case, 85, 91substantial part, 89–91, 95, 96substantial part according to the Radislav

Krstić trial judgment, 90, 91viable entity, 89, 91

Goldstone, 47report, 47, 48

Grouppolitical, 78, 83, 86, 87racial, religious, ethnic, national

(see Genocide)viable (see Genocide)

HHarm, 79, 81, 122

causing serious bodily or mental harmto members of the group, asgenocide, 79

Hostages Trial, 5–7, 9, 241definition of war crimes, 9

Humanitycrimes against humanity, 3, 6, 8–16, 21, 25,

32, 33, 35, 40, 42, 75–77, 82, 83, 97,98, 102–126, 129, 139, 142, 143,145–147, 153, 177, 184, 185, 187,193, 195, 201, 208, 220, 222, 224

definition according to the ICTY Statute,108

pursuant to or in furtherance of a state ororganizational policy(see also Organisation; State,quasi-state)

recognition as international crimes, 16specific crimes, 32, 104

IImmunity

African Union on Omar Al-Bashir, 169,170, 173, 177, 179, 180, 183

as a defence against jurisdiction, 194diplomatic, 31, 167, 168, 171, 181, 184, 185

heads of state parties, 174–176, 178, 181,182, 185, 186, 188

ICC decision on Chad and Malawi,173–180

indirect waiver, 168Miloševic case, 176–178Status of Forces Agreements, 169Taylor case, 175, 178waiver, 31, 168–169, 196

Inabilityunable genuinely to carry out the

investigation or prosecution, 203,226

See also Jurisdiction, national, Prosecution,inability/unwillingness of stateparties

Inadmissibility (Admissibility)challenges to the admissibility of a

case, 56, 225decisions on admissibility by the Pre-Trial

Chamber, 173–174existence of domestic proceedings relating

to the same case, 227, 232Injury

causing great suffering, or serious injuryto body or health, as a war crime,106, 132

improper use of a flag of truce, of the flag orof the military insignia and uniformof the enemy or of the UnitedNations, as well as of the distinctiveemblems of the GenevaConventions, resulting in death orserious personal injury, as a warcrime, 130

intentionally launching an attack in theknowledge that such attack willcause incidental loss of life or injuryto civilians or damage to civilianobjects or widespread, long-term andsevere damage to the naturalenvironment which would be clearlyexcessive in relation to the concreteand direct overall military advantageanticipated, as a war crime, 129–130

Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 57International Centre for Settlement of

Investment Disputes, 55International Court of Justice

Barcelona Traction judgment, 155case Concerning Certain Questions of

Mutual Assistance in Criminal

278 Index

Matters (Djibouti v. France), 185,240

case Concerning the Application of theConvention on the Prevention andPunishment of the Crime ofGenocide, 82, 86, 91, 239, 240

case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of11 April 2000 (DRC v. Belgium), 9,10, 30, 178, 239

case of Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbiaand Montenegro, 82, 86, 91, 95,96, 239

case of DRC v Belgium, 178, 239case of Yugoslavia v USA, 80, 241Kosovo case, 54Lotus judgment, 63Nottebohm judgment, 88, 242Slobodan Milosevic judgment, 176–178

International CrimeAuthor’s definition, 1Bassiouni’s definition, 12–16, 20, 21Cassese’s definition, 9–12, 21definition in the Hostages Trial, 5–7, 9definitions, 1–25as distinct from transnational crimes, 9, 16,

17, 21, 22establishment of jurisdiction over

international crimes, 15history, 3initiating aggressive war as a major war

crime (USA v Goering), 5Morais’s definition, 16suppression conventions, 17–18war crime, 5–10, 14–16, 18, 21, 25

International Criminal CourtAl-Senussi decision, 224–235Appeal judgment on Al-Senussi, 95competence (Kompetenz-Kompetenz), 55decision on Chad, 173–180decision on Malawi, 173–180jurisdiction (see Jurisdiction)Omar Al-Bashir case, 169–173, 183,

193, 201proposing amendments, 58, 59, 136, 156,

163, 164regarding the crime of aggression, 3, 6,

8–10, 14, 15, 18, 21, 25, 28, 29, 32,33, 35–37, 39, 58, 59, 149–166, 187,192, 208

Statute amendment (see Acceptance)Thomas Lubanga Dyilo case, 181, 208, 211,

222, 223voting on the text of the ICC Statute, 165

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda(ICTR)

Akayesu case, 87, 109, 110Bagaragaza, Bucyibaruta and Munyagishari

cases, 30Bagilishema case, 85, 86jurisdiction, 75, 108, 110Kayishema Clement case, 84, 90Musema case, 109operation, 200, 203principle of primacy, 209, 213Ruzindana Obed case, 84Semanza case, 86, 91

International Criminal Tribunal for SierraLeone

Jurisdiction, 178Taylor case, 175, 178, 246

International Criminal Tribunal for the formerYugoslavia (ICTY)

Blaškić case, 119, 133Brdanin case, 85, 243definition of international armed conflict,

43, 44Đorđević case, 108Erdemović and Vasiljević cases, 115Furundžija case, 178Jelisić case, 84, 90jurisdiction, 115Kordić & Čerkez judgment, Blagojević &

Jokić judgment, 116Kronjelac judgment, 132Krstić case, 82, 90, 94Kunarac et al. case, 109, 122Kupreškić et al. case, 82, 109, 115Milosevic case, 176, 178Nikolić case, 85operation, 194, 200Perišić case, 108, 109, 245principle of primacy, 209, 213Sikirica case, 91, 96Stakić case, 85, 91Tadić case, 43, 63, 68, 108, 110, 112, 125Tadic judgment, 110

International Customary Law, 9–11, 16, 22, 46,108, 109, 122, 123, 126, 128, 142,145, 168, 184, 189

application, 184International Law Commission (ILC), 9, 13, 14,

77, 89, 91, 104, 105, 146, 207, 255Investigation, see Prosecutor; ReferralIsrael

crimes of genocide, 58operation Brother’s Keeper, 62operation Cast Lead, 41, 46–49, 60operation Protective Edge, 62prosecution of crimes, 58Six-Day War, 42

Index 279

JJordan, 52, 78, 89, 142, 145, 161, 179, 180,

241Jurisdiction

acceptance (see Acceptance)accession, 54, 56, 59–61admissibility of the exercise of jurisdiction,

39, 216in case of a UNSC referral, 183, 196, 199,

203, 204crime of aggression, 28, 29, 36, 39, 58, 59,

157–162criminal (see also Palestine)disputed territories, 46–59duration of jurisdiction, 192excluded territories, 40exclusive jurisdiction, 6, 32, 194, 196, 197,

200, 203exemptions from jurisdiction, 196, 205exercise of jurisdiction, 29, 35, 36, 39, 50,

56–58, 65, 70, 99, 159, 183, 216,217, 221

final text of Article, 209formal-written referral of a situation, 38,

183, 187–206ICC amendment entry into force, 61, 158ICC entry into force, 36, 61, 122, 136, 156,

169, 202informal-oral referral of a situation, 38initial and eventual jurisdiction, 211jurisdiction based on a UNSC referral, 205jurisdiction based on territorial sovereignty,

33, 64, 65, 69jurisdiction based on the location of the

perpetrator’s arrest, 30jurisdiction based on the principle of active

personality, 34, 64–70jurisdiction based on the principle of passive

personality, 34–36Kompetenz-Kompetenz, 55limitation of jurisdiction (see Referral, of a

situation by the Security Council)national juridiction, 27, 57, 124, 198, 208,

209, 213, 214negative conditions, 63, 85, 86, 188obligation, 176, 201occupied territories, 41–46organs of the court, 205preconditions regarding war crimes, 27–73,

99, 109, 121, 139, 146, 150, 188preconditions to the exercise of jurisdiction

over the crime of aggression, 36, 56preconditions to the exercise of the ICC’s

jurisdiction, 36, 37, 41, 49, 62, 66,73, 113, 183

Pre-Trial Chamber I judgment, 43, 44,97–99, 101, 102, 116, 169–174,176–178, 199, 201, 208, 212, 222,224–235

quasi states (see Palestine)ratione loci, 3, 40, 42, 51, 202ratione materiae, 40, 80, 176ratione personae, 40, 42, 51, 63ratione temporis, 62, 165, 201, 202retroactive force, 62suggested solutions during the adoption of

the Statute, 27–33unwillingness, 210, 222, 223, 229, 230, 234

(see also Inability)war crime, 127–147

Jus Cogensfoundations for the categorisation of

international crimes, 46humanitarian law, 5, 44, 46, 47, 93, 193,

195, 197, 204the prohibition of the use of force, 153, 189

KKellogg-Briand Pact, 150, 251Kompetenz-Kompetenz, 55Kosovo, see International Criminal Tribunal for

the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) casesICJ Advisory Opinion on the Independence

of Kosovo, 53unilateral declaration of independence by

the Provisional Institutions ofSelf-Government, 54

LLibya

Al-Senussi decision (ICC), 224–235ICC Appeal judgment on the Al-Senussi

case, 236ICC warrant for the arrest of Muammar

Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi,Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and AbdullahAl-Senussi, 198, 227, 232, 240

Resolution for the situation in Libya,198–201, 205

London Agreement, 151, 167, 209, 249

MMalawi, 78, 169–181, 183, 184, 240

judgment, 177Multiple Commission, see AttackMurder

of civilian population as a crime againsthumanity, 111, 119, 122

280 Index

of a combatant who, having laid down hisarms or having no longer means ofdefence, has surrendered atdiscretion, as a crime againsthumanity, 130

treacherously killing individuals belongingto the hostile nation or army, as a warcrime, 130

NNationality

definition, 67 (see also the definition ofnational group in the Nottebohmjudgment)

double nationality, 70foundation of the principle of active

personality, 65stateless perpetrator, 66

OOrganisation

criminal organisation, 126definition according to the Ruto case, 126definition according to the Tadic case, 68,

125as distinct from quasi state, 124pursuant to or in furtherance of a state or

organizational policy, 110Oslo, 50, 52

accords, 52

PPalestine

criminal jurisdiction, 51declaration recognizing the ICC’s

jurisdiction, 51, 52under the ICC’s jurisdiction, 50Palestinian National Authority, 52as a state, 52–54, 60, 61

Palestinian National Authority, see PalestinePeople’s Republic of Congo

Ituri situation, 44, 119, 223PRC v Belgium (ICJ case), 30preconditions to the ICC referral, 223Thomas Lubanga Dyilo case (ICC), 35, 43,

128Persecution

as a crime against humanity, 103, 104definition as a crime against humanity,

104, 105

of a group as an act of genocide, 102of persons with diplomatic immunity, 106

Personality, 34, 37, 45, 63–70principle of active/passive personality

(see Jurisdiction, preconditions to theexercise of the ICC’s jurisdiction)

Principle of active/passive personality,see Jurisdiction

Principle of complementarity,see Complementarity

Prisoners (and internationally protectedpersons)

compelling a prisoner of war or otherprotected person to serve in theforces of a hostile Power, as a warcrime, 129

rights, 204of war, 129wilfully depriving a prisoner of war or

other protected person of the rightsof fair and regular trial, as a warcrime, 129

Property, 11, 31, 63, 64, 129, 130, 168, 185, 191extensive destruction and appropriation, as a

war crime, 129Prosecution

cooperation of state parties, 192of crimes by states, 14of crimes by the ICC, 221, 224deferral of prosecution/ power to prosecute

given by the Security Council, 39,161, 170, 196

duty or right towards a criminal act, 14of Heads of states, 174, 175inability/unwillingness of state parties, 210,

216, 234by Palestine to the ICC (see Palestine)of persons with diplomatic immunity,

184, 185by a state party, 98, 99, 101, 208subject, 226

Prosecutorapplying the principle of complementarity,

237exercise of jurisdiction following a referral

by a state party (see Referral)exercise of jurisdiction following a referral

by a state party Prosecutor, 36, 38,39, 49, 50, 183

ICC, 34, 38, 39, 50, 206informing state parties, 36, 218investigation proprio motu, 36, 39, 183,

188, 220

Index 281

Prosecutor (cont.)request for a warrant of arrest, 224, 226study on complementarity, 232

QQuasi state, see State

RRape

as a crime against humanity, 122as a crime against humanity under the

ICTY, 122as a war crime, 128

Raska Lukwiya (ICC), 223Referral

acceptance by the ICC, 218, 219application by state parties, 192–200application by the Prosecutor, 210–212for the crime of aggression, 164, 165request for the exercise of jurisdiction, 57,

160, 216, 217resolution on the situation in Darfur

(Sudan), 170, 175, 182, 188, 200,204

resolution on the situation in Libya, 199,201, 205

self-referral, 188, 220–224of a situation by the Security Council, 194by a state party, 221temporal limitation, 201See also Prosecution

Refugee, 67, 68, 95Under the ICC’s jurisdiction, 67, 68

Rightof the accused, 235of citizenship, 88to cooperate in the prosecution and

punishment, of mutual cooperationin judicial affairs, 15

to declare war, 225of defence, 62, 234 (see also Defence)depriving of rights, as a war crime, 129to elect and be elected, 87to the exercise of national jurisdiction, 213,

214of extradition, 33to fair trial, 230, 233, 234freedom, 25human, 2, 5, 10, 11, 17–19, 22–24, 41, 44,

46–48, 55, 57, 64, 65, 77, 96, 97,104, 106, 172, 175, 193, 195, 204,205, 230, 233, 235, 249, 254, 259

of the ICC Prosecutor (see Prosecutor)

of immunity, 186international conventions, 153within a national group, 88of property, 64, 129to prosecute, 15protecting them through crimes against

humanity, 151of punishment, 15of safety in the transit of people, 31of veto, 37, 195violated by international crimes, 29

Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 30–32, 66,67, 72, 73, 84, 134–138, 169, 172,174, 175, 212, 219, 234, 255

SSchabas, William, 2, 30, 31, 40–43, 52, 76,

81, 87, 89, 121, 123, 124, 132, 133,135, 142, 146, 147, 153, 169, 201,211–214, 217, 220, 223, 233

Sea, 15, 21, 204, 250Security Council, see United NationsSegregation

as a crime against humanity, 11definition, 11racial (apartheid), 11, 15, 21

Sex, 107definition, 107

Situationcomparison to the terms of case and crime,

72definition, 72referral of a situation by a state party

(see Prosecutor; Referral)Slavery

as an international crime, 21as a crime against humanity, 126Sexual, 106, 131as a war crime, 16

SovereigntyNational/state, 33, 37, 54, 149, 172, 193territorial, 33, 64, 65, 69

Special Court for Sierra Leone, 176, 209, 246,251

Statefoundations for the exercise of its

jurisdiction, 178, 180quasi state, 46–59, 124–126

Stateless Person, see NationalityStatus of Forces Agreements, see ImmunitySudan

the African Union’s lack of complianceto the ICC’s arrest warrant,169–173

282 Index

ICC warrant for the arrest of OmarAl-Bashir, 97, 169, 173–174, 177,179, 180, 183, 193, 201

resolution on the situation in Darfur(Sudan), 141, 170, 183, 188, 193,195, 197, 200, 201, 204

Suppression Conventions, 17, 18definition and regulation scope, 32

Surrender, 31, 70, 130, 163, 168–174, 176–180,182, 184, 193, 196, 198–200, 219,234

Request for Surrender by the ICC, 70, 168,171–173, 176, 179, 180, 182, 198, 219

TTorture

as a crime against humanity, 112as a crime against humanity under the

ICTY, 129definition as a crime against humanity, 112recognition as an international crime, 19, 20

Transfercases, 30definition as a crime against humanity, 113forcible transfer of population, 107by the Occupying Power of parts of its own

civilian population into the territoryit occupies, as a war crime, 130

Transnational Crimedefinition of international crime (Morais

definition), 17as distinct from international crimes, 18suppression conventions, 18

Treaty of Westphalia, 149Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear

Weapons, 154Tu quoque (see Attack; Defence)

UUganda

under the ICC’s jurisdiction, 222self-referral for the situation in North

Uganda, 188, 222, 223United Nations

Charter, 22, 23, 37, 38, 151–157, 161, 176,187–206

General Assembly, 53, 77, 95, 151,155–158, 190, 193

Human Rights Council, 47, 96, 97Peacekeeping Force (Blue Helmets or Blue

Berets), 128, 129Secretary General, 41, 60, 156Security Council, 29, 34, 37, 49, 57, 105,

152–155, 170, 175, 188, 193, 198,203, 224

State parties, 59, 136, 156

VVienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

(VCLT), 9, 29, 34

WWar

aggressive, 5mens rea in correlation with Article

30 ICCRSt, 134mens rea in correlation with the Elements of

Crimes, 133particular crimes, 153as part of a plan or policy or as part of a

large-scale commission, 139–143war crimes, 6, 8, 10, 14–18, 21, 25, 31–33,

35, 39, 40, 43, 45, 48, 56, 57, 61, 69,97, 103, 106, 127–147, 152, 177,184, 185, 187, 192, 193, 201, 208

ZZeidy, 69, 209, 223

Index 283