Table of Content
I. Introduction History of Bureau of Fire Protection in the
Philippines Brief History of Isabela City Fire StationHistory of
WildfireWildfire
II. InstrumentationIII. Causes and EffectIV. Common ProblemV.
RecommendationVI. ConclusionVII. Reference
History of Bureau of Fire Protection in the Philippines
The Bureau of Fire Protection (Filipino: Kawanihan ng
Pagtatanggol sa Sunog) is an agency of the Department of Interior
and Local Government (DILG) responsible for implementing national
policies related to Firefighting and Protection as well as
implementation of the Philippine Fire Code (PD 1185), which was
repealed and replaced by the New Fire Code of the Philippines (RA
9514). Formerly known as the Constabulary Fire Protection Bureau,
the BFP is in charge of the administration and management of
municipal and city fire and emergency services all over the
country. The BFP traces its roots from the defunct Constabulary
Fire Protection Bureau, then later PC-INP Office of Fire Protection
Service. The agency was founded on January 29, 1991, pursuant to
the provisions of Republic Act 6975, which established the
Department of Interior and Local Government. The bureau now is in
charge of management, administration, and implementation of Fire
and emergency services all over the country.
Vision and Mission
The mission of the Bureau of Fire ProtectionTo prevent and
suppress destruction caused by fires. Implement the provisions of
RA 9514. Provide emergency medical and rescue services to the
general public.The Vision of the Bureau of Fire ProtectionA modern
fire protection agency working towards a safe and progressive
society.
The Bureau of Fire Protection was created by virtue of RA 6975
primarily to perform the following functions:
Be responsible for the prevention and suppression of all
destructive fires on: Building, houses and other structures;
Forest; Land transportation vehicles and equipment; Ships and
vessels docked at piers or wharves anchored in major sea ports;
Petroleum industry installations; Plane crashes; and Other similar
activities
Be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code of the
Philippines (PD 1185) and other related laws;
Shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires and if
necessary, file the proper complaint with the city or provincial
prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case;
In the time of national emergency, all elements of the BFP shall
upon direction of the President, assist the AFP in meeting the
national emergency; and
Shall establish at least one (1) fire station with adequate
personnel, firefighting facilities and equipment in every
provincial capital, city and municipality subject to standard rules
and regulations as maybe promulgated by the DILG.Brief history of
Isabela City Fire Station
The enactment of R.A 6975 also known as the Department of
Interior and Local Government act of 1990, which took effect on
January 1,1991 The DILG act Created three(3) Bureaus, The
Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Jail management and
Penology (BJMP), and Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Mindanao,
specifically in the Province of Basilan, Provincial Capitol. There
are twenty-three (23) former Fire Officer of Isabela Municipal Fire
Station Headed by; FINSP. Juan Lim (Ret), FINSP Melanio Mancenido
(Ret), FINSP Reynaldo Irong (Ret), FINSP Wilfredo Balansag (Ret),
FINSP Ramon Seneca (Ret) FINSP Nestor Garcia (Ret), FINSP Rolando
Atilano (Ret), FINSP Eleno Aroy (Ret), FINSP Recardo Estrada (Ret),
SFO4 Roberto Ong (Ret), SFO4 Edgardo Mirasol (Ret), SFO3 Arhusar
Edris, SFO3 Ignacio de jesus, SFO3 Benjamin Jaafar (Ret), SFO3
Edgardo Molina (Ret), SFO3 Mario Fernando (Ret), SFO3 Celso Garniel
(Ret), SFO2 Ernesto Luna (Ret), FO3 Legaspi Bohong. When the
Basilan Provincial Capitol building was razed down by fire to
include surrounding government building; Fire Station, Police
Station, Provincial Jail, Provincial Telephone System in 1993, the
Isabela Fire Station was temporarily transferred at Strong
Boulevard, Barangay Seaside Isabela Basilan. In 1994, during the
time of former Mayor Leonardo Pioquinto, the Municipal and
Provincial Government donated a lot for the establishment of new
Isabela Fire Station building at Barangay Sunrise, Isabela City.
Construction of the said building was funded by the Bureau of fire
Protection in 2001, when the Municipality of Isabela became a
chartered City, the Fire Station was separated into two, the Office
of the Provincial Fire Marshal Basilan and the Isabela City Fire
Station. The Isabela City Fire Station was retaining in region IX
and under OPFM Zamboanga Sibugay. The Former Fire Officials in
Isabela City Fire Station are; FINSP Melanio Mancenido (Ret) (Oct.
24,2000-Dec. 3, 2002), FINSP. Virgilio Alvarez (Ret) (Dec. 4,
2002-June 15, 2006), FSR.INSP. Dionisio T. Cayudong (Ret) (June 16,
2011-Jan. 15, 2014) and now the present Fire Marshal is FINSP.
Usman A. Husin who was assume last January 16, 2014.
History of Wildfire
The name wildfire was once a synonym for Greek fire but now
refers to any large or destructive conflagration. Wildfires differ
from other fires in that they take place outdoors in areas of
grassland, woodlands, bush land, scrubland, peat land, and other
wooded areas that act as a source of fuel, or combustible material.
Buildings may become involved if a wildfire spreads to adjacent
communities. While the causes of wildfires vary and the outcomes
are always unique, all wildfires can be characterized in terms of
their physical properties, their fuel type, and the effect that
weather has on the fire. Wildfire behavior and severity result from
the combination of factors such as available fuels, physical
setting, and weather. While wildfires can be large, uncontrolled
disasters that burn through 0.4 to 400 square kilometers (100 to
100,000 acres) or more, they can also be as small as 0.001 square
kilometers (0.25 acres; 1,000 m2) or less. Although smaller events
may be included in wildfire modeling, most do not earn press
attention. This can be problematic because public fire policies,
which relate to fires of all sizes, are influenced more by the way
the media portrays catastrophic wildfires than by small fires.
Wildfire
A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible
vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area.
Other names such as brush fire, bush fire, forest fire, desert
fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veld
fire may be used to describe the same phenomenon depending on the
type of vegetation being burned, and the regional variant of
English being used. A wildfire differs from other fires by its
extensive size, the speed at which it can spread out from its
original source, its potential to change direction unexpectedly,
and its ability to jump gaps such as roads, rivers and fire breaks.
Wildfires are characterized in terms of the cause of ignition,
their physical properties such as speed of propagation, the
combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the
fire.
Wildfires are a common occurrence in Australia; because of the
generally hot and dry climate, they pose a great risk to life and
infrastructure during all times of the year, though mostly
throughout the hotter months of summer and spring In the United
States, there are typically between 60,000 and 80,000 wildfires
that occur each year, burning 3 million to 10 million acres of land
depending on the year. Fossil records and human history contain
accounts of wildfires, as wildfires can occur in periodic
intervals. Wildfires can cause extensive damage, both to property
and human life, but they also have various beneficial effects on
wilderness areas. Some plant species depend on the effects of fire
for growth and reproduction. Although large wildfires may also have
negative ecological effects.
InstrumentationWildfires occur when all of the necessary
elements of a fire triangle come together in a susceptible area: an
ignition source is brought into contact with a combustible material
such as vegetation, which is subjected to sufficient heat and has
an adequate supply of oxygen from the ambient air. High moisture
content usually prevents ignition and slows propagation, because
higher temperatures are required to evaporate any water within the
material and heat the material to its fire point. Dense forests
usually provide more shade, resulting in lower ambient temperatures
and greater humidity, and are therefore less susceptible to
wildfires. Less dense material such as grasses and leaves are
easier to ignite because they contain less water than denser
material such as branches and trunks. Plants continuously lose
water by evapotranspiration, but water loss is usually balanced by
water absorbed from the soil, humidity, or rain when this balance
is not maintained, plants dry out and are therefore more flammable,
often a consequence of droughts.
Causes and Effects
The most common cause of wildfires varies throughout the world.
For example, lightning is the major source of ignition. In other
parts of the world, human involvement is a major contributor;
wildfires can be attributed to human activities such as animal
husbandry, agriculture, and land-conversion burning. Human
carelessness is a major cause of the source of wildfires can be
traced to both lightning strikes and human activities such as
machinery sparks and cast-away cigarette butts. Typically more than
six times the number of wildfires is caused by human means such as
campfires and controlled agricultural burns than by natural means.
However, in any given year there could be far more acres burned by
wildfires that are started by natural means than by human.
Wildfires are caused by a combination of natural factors such as
topography, fuels, and weather. Other than reducing human
infractions, only fuels may be altered to affect future fire risk
and behavior. Heat, droughts, cyclical climate changes such as El
Nio, and regional weather patterns such as high-pressure ridges can
increase the risk and alter the behavior of wildfires dramatically.
Years of precipitation followed by warm periods can encourage more
widespread fires and longer fire seasons. Since the mid-1980s,
earlier snowmelt and associated warming has also been associated
with an increase in length and severity of the wildfire season in
the Western United States. However, one individual element does not
always cause an increase in wildfire activity. For example,
wildfires will not occur during a drought unless accompanied by
other factors, such as lightning (ignition source) and strong winds
(mechanism for rapid spread).
Common Problem
There are plenty of immediate concerns in a fire: protecting
homes and businesses, saving lives, limiting the number of acres
consumed and so on. But increasingly, researchers and policymakers
are finding that the lingering health and safety impacts of
wildfires may be far more worrisome and more widespread.The most
noticeable common problem of wildfires is its effects rather than
its causes. The destruction of property and biomass are one of the
seen effects of wildfire. However, the release of hazardous
chemicals from the burning of wild land fuels significantly impacts
health in humans. Wildfire smoke is composed primarily of carbon
dioxide and water vapor. The degree of wildfire smoke exposure to
an individual is dependent on the length, severity, duration, and
proximity of the fire. People are exposed directly to smoke via the
respiratory tract though inhalation of air pollutants. Indirectly,
communities are exposed to wildfire debris that can contaminate
soil and water supplies. Firefighters are at the greatest risk for
acute and chronic health effects resulting from wildfire smoke
exposure. Due to firefighters occupational duties, they are
frequently exposed to hazardous chemicals at a close proximity for
longer periods of time.The unnoticeable common problem of wildfire
is its causes, wherein human has a large contribution on it.
Climate change, Global warming, pollution is some examples of
unseen causes which give risk to a wildfire attack.
Recommendation I recommend that wildfires be treated like other
natural disasters, such as earthquakes or floods, where officials
focus on adaptation and loss mitigation as opposed to prevention
and response. The federal government currently spends billions of
pesos each year fighting and controlling wildfires; up to half of
that expense is spent defending homes and structures built in
fire-prone areas. Development in these areas has increased since
this strategy was implemented because the federal government has
demonstrated its willingness to protect public and private
structures in these areas.
Conclusion I also conclude that the fire protector should always
take advantage in all circumstances on this kind of wildfire
because it is so dangerous. They should always focus in this kind
of situation so that it will not take a big damage to the forest or
in any place that wildfire would occur.
Reference
www.ltrr.arizona.eduwww.wikipedia.com
Wildfire Phenomenal
THE COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION A STUDENT OFBASILAN
STATE COLLEGE: A CASE ANALYSIS
Presented to theFaculty of College of Criminal justice Education
of Basilan State College
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of Practicum
2(On-the-Job Training)
Presented By:Hadjirul , Jay-Ar T.
