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Table of Contents

Outline of the Module: EARTHQUAKE RISK MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT

Background

Intended Audience(s)

Learning Objectives

Module Overview

Module Delivery Outline

Module Activities

Supporting Materials

Module Feedback

Sub Module 1 : Planning for Earthquake Safety of Rural & Urban Masonry buildings.

school buildings.

Sub Module 2: Earthquake Safe Foundations

Sub Module 3: Bureau of Indian Standards, National Building Codes 2005 and codel provisions

earthquake safe buildings.

Sub Module 4: Construction of earthquake resistant buildings and structural and non-structural

measures for risk reduction.

Sub Module 5: Earthquake effects – Ground/building failures and micro-zoning of ground

failures.

Sub Module 6: Use of building materials and low cost technology for disaster safe building

construction.

Sub Module 7: Filed visit for HRVC analysis and report presentations.

Aim of the Course:

To develop skill and capacity to mitigate the earthquake risks by incorporating building codes

and designs in the construction of masonry housing and RCC structures

Expected Outcome:

Streamline earthquake safe building codes & designs for improvement of hazard safety of

the built environment

Apply tools for Risk Analysis

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Course Schedule

Day /

Date

Sessions Topic

Day 1

Session 1 Introductory Activities, Course

Objectives, Schedule, Ground rules,

Expectations

Inauguration

Session 2

National building code 2005 – Salient

Features

Session 3

Earthquake Safety: Planning for safety

of masonry buildings in rural & urban

areas

Session 4

Understanding Building failures owing

to earthquake forces

Session 5 RCC Building Designs for earthquake forces

Session 6

Demonstration of Earthquake safe design example : steps to be followed for design multi-storey RCC structure

Day 2

Session 1 Multi-hazard building Bye-laws for earthquake safety

Session 2 Design of foundations for earthquake safety.

Session 3 Types of foundations for earthquake safety

Session 4 Earthquake safe low cost building

techniques & role of engineers

Session 5 Earthquake safe low cost building

techniques & role of engineers

Demonstration of low cost safe

techniques for housing 1.

Session

6 & 7 Fire Safety in public buildings

Demonstration of Equipments

Day 3 Session 1 Field visit for HRVC analysis of buildings 2. Devaraja Market Buildings

3. School / college

Hospital building

Session 2

Session 3 Presentations of field reports by

groups

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Sessions 4

& 5

Case Studies

1. Bellary building collapse

2. Rana Plaza Building collapse

3. Collapse of Rural buildings

4. Collapse of Lanse down

building

5. Hampi heritage structures

Case studies from the individual

participants

Session 6 Evaluation & Validation

Compo

nent

Description

BACKGROUND The fact that the exact place, magnitude and intensity of earthquakes across the

country or globe can’t be predicted. Hence, facing the wrath of earthquake is

inevitable. We are left with an option of safe construction of our buildings and

habitat. The Bureau of Indian Standards has developed a set of good disaster

safe building codes of practice. The codes provide guidelines for safe

construction of simple houses, masonry buildings, multistory apartments and

other public buildings and services. Despite the availability of these codal

provisions, houses and buildings built by majority of the individuals and those

of others in the construction industry are either avoiding these codes due to

increasing cost or inadequate understanding of intricacy of these codes by local

contractors and professionals. The consequences are devastation of 4.7 Lakh

rural rubble masonry houses and failure of 179 high rise RCC buildings as a

result of Bhuj earthquake. Similar is the experience in earthquakes of Latur,

Uttarakashi etc., and cyclones and floods of Orissa, Andrapradesh etc.

Karnataka is no exception, every year, heavy rainfall, flood and other hazards

induce heavy damage to thousands of houses and properties. In Karnataka 10

districts are falling in moderate earthquake risk zone III and a few north and

western districts are falling in the moderate risk zone to wind and cyclone.

Even when appropriate building codes exist, their application requires

knowledge and skills. Therefore, appropriate retrofitting of existing buildings

including rural buildings and safe new construction practices go a long way in

reducing the disaster risks. Training to all Officers involved in the construction

is necessary to implement these codal provisions for safety

Intended

Audience(s) Engineers and Officers from the departments of Public Works,

Irrigation, PRIs, UDAs and ULBs involved in the activities of planning,

design and construction. Learning

Objectives At the end of the course, participants will be able to;

Discuss the forces released by earthquakes

Explain the importance of earthquake safe building codes and designs

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Identify various building codes and construction methods for earthquake

safety

Plan and design earthquake safe buildings as per codes

Describe multi-hazard building bye-laws

Describe safe techniques for earthquake

Module Overview Structure and Content

Earthquake forces

Planning for safety in residential buildings

Building Codes & Designs

NBC 2005 and earthquake codes

Design & construction of masonry buildings

Design & construction of multi-storeyed buildings

Retro-fittings techniques for existing buildings

Case studies on safe & unsafe buildings

Case studies on building collapses

Module

Delivery

Outline

(Topics under Each Heading)

Awareness

Safety in planning & Designing, Simple tips to be followed in

construction

Understanding the functions of foundation, plinth beam, Lintel beam,

corner reinforcement, spacing, length walls, materials, connections,

anchoring, bracing, soft storey.

Knowledge

BIS codes on building safety & NBC 2005 provisions

Retrofitting techniques

Soil, Foundation, Masonry & RCC structures

Building components & safety measures

Building bye-laws

Skill

Case studies on building collapse

Visual inspection of buildings

Assessment of safety

Field visit

Design of RCC building for earth quake safety

Steps in construction of masonry building

Precautions in rural buildings

Precautions in multi storied buildings

Module Activities

/Methodology Following training methods are used to make it participatory and

experience sharing

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Lecture with visual aids

Group exercises

Hands on Training on MS-Project

Project management games

Presentations and lessons

Role play as team members

Cases on projects

Short films

Field visits

Supporti

ng

Materials

Earthquake and its forces and history of earthquake tragedies

Action Research on Assessment of Disaster Safe Construction Practices

and Building Bye-Laws – A Case Study of Selected Buildings in

Mysuru by Dr Ashok Sanganal

BIS codes on safety

NBC 2005 provisions

Reading materials on safe building practices

Hand Book on Civil Works for Non Engineers authored by Dr Ashok

Sanganal(available in ww.atiMysuru.gov.in)

Case studies on

1. Bellary building collapse,

2. Rana plaza building collapse,

3. Lanse down building,

4. Devaraja market building.

Dr Ashok Sanganal, Action research on cost effective & safe building

technology – A case study of MNK projects

Website: www.taylordevicesindia.com

Website of IIT Kanpur

Website of BMTPC, New Delhi

Website of HUDCO

Website of CBRI, Roorkee

Module

Feedbac

k

Exercises in every Session

Quiz

Immediate reaction questionnaire

Oral feedback

Assessment of Field Reports and Presentations

Module

Develop

er

ATI, Lalitha Mahal Road, Mysuru

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Session-wise designing of modules

Day 1

Session 1 Introductory Activities, Course Objectives, Schedule, Ground rules,

Expectations

Sessions 2 National building code 2005 – Salient Features

Contents

Salient features of NBC 2005

Part 1 – Definitions,

Part 2 – Administration

Part 3 – General building requirements

Part 4 – Fire & life safety

Part 5 – Building materials

Part 6 – Structural design

Part 7 – Constructional practices & safety

Module

Delivery

Outline

Awareness

Knowledge

Skill

The Resource person makes a PPT on the salient features of NBC-2005 and

earthquake codes of BIS highlighting the general building requirements with

suitable illustrations on white board and photographs of building violations in

terms of safety.

Objectives

To describe the salient features of NBC 2005

To discuss the safety measures to be taken as per National building code

2005 in Part 1 to Part 7.

Module

Activities

PPT, RP’s Illustration of examples using white board and marker pens

Duration

Time allocation:

RP’s presentation and discussion- 3/4 hour

Question & Answers - 15 minutes

Supporting

Material

Part 1-7 of NBC 2005

Handout on NBC 2005

Earthquake Codes of BIS

Training Aid PPT, White Board, LCD Projector and Computer, Hand outs,

Module

Feedback MCQs (Prepared by Dr. Ashok Sanganal)

Day-1

Sessions 3 Session – 3: Earthquake Safety: Planning for safety of masonry buildings in

rural & urban areas

Contents Planning & design guidelines for safety

Simple tips for safe construction

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Module

Delivery

Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP will make a PPT on planning and design guidelines for cost effective

and safe housing. Examples of safe low cost foundation techniques, walling,

beams, corner vertical reinforcement, spacing between openings etc., will be

discussed with illustrations on white board. Earthquake forces and their effect

on masonry structures will be discussed. The structural mitigation measures

will be presented.

Learning

Objectives

Participants will be able to:

Describe the norms for safe planning and design of masonry

construction

Discuss the low cost safer construction technology and methods

Module

Activities

PPT, Demonstration, Individual Exercises, Case studies and Presentations by

participants

Duration

Time allocation:

Introduction ¼ Hour

Illustration of Examples through PPT and on white board ½ hour

Question and answer at the end ¼ hour

Supporting

Material

Reading materials sent to each participants

NBC and earthquake codes of BIS

Training Aid White board, PPT and Computers, LCD projector

Module

Feedback Question and answer and Quiz

Day-1

Session – 4 Session – 4: Understanding Building failures

Contents

- Building failure modes

- Causes for failures

- Earthquake effects on Buildings

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The Resource Person will discuss the different types of building failures

occurred in the past in our country and also give the causes for building

collapses during major disasters like earthquake. The RP will make a pictorial

PPT showing the failure modes giving the reasons for collapses. The

earthquake demonstration table will be shown through video.

Learning Objectives

Participants will be able to;

Discuss the failure modes

identify earthquake effects on buildings

explain the causes for failure

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Module Activities

PPT, Demonstration, discussion, video on EDT

Duration

Time: PPT & Discussion on failures of masonry and RCC structures– 3/4

hour Failure demo through video ¼ Hour Questions and answer 5 min

Supporting Material

Reading material sent through email to all the participants

Training Aid White board, flip chart, ppt, software and computer, LCD Projector

Module Feedback

IRQ and Quiz

Day-1

Session – 5 and 6

Session – 5: RCC Building Designs for earthquake forces Session- 6: Demonstration of Earthquake safe design example : steps to be followed for design multi-storey RCC structure

Contents

Earth quake forces. Design parameters Design example of RCC Multistorey building Overview of BIS Codes, IS 1893 – 2002, IS - 1893-1984, IS – 4326,

IS – 4967, IS – 4991, IS – 13920, SP – 22, MHA Masonry IV, MHA Masonry V.

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP will make a PPT on the design parameters for RCC multistorey buildings with photographs of earlier buildings constructed in India and other countries. The structural design as per BIS codes and the procedure to calculate loads & forces that impact the building will be explained. The RP will take an example of a building plan and explain the steps to consider loads and follow the design from ground floor to upper storey. The participants will be allowed to ask & clarify the doubts while calculating the loads & parameters for designs.

Learning Objectives

Participants will be able to : Describe the steps for calculation of earthquake forces. Explain the steps for designing a RCC multistorey building.

Module Activities

PPT, Lecture, Discussion, Illustration & Question & Answer

Duration

Time allocation: PPT on various buildings designed for earthquake safety ½ hour PPT on design procedure & parameters ¾ hour Illustration of design example ½ hour

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Questions & answers ¼ hour Supporting

Material Overview of BIS Codes, IS 1893 – 2002, IS - 1893-1984, IS – 4326,

IS – 4967, IS – 4991, IS – 13920, SP – 22, MHA Masonry IV, MHA Masonry V.

Training Aid PPT, White Board

Module Feedback

IRQ & Question & Answer session

Day-2

Session- 1 Session – 1: Multi-hazard building Bye-laws

Contents Multi-hazard building bye-laws Multi-hazard building bye-laws of City corporations in Karnataka

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP will make a PPT on multi-hazard building bye-laws practiced as per the town & country planning act. The bye-laws made by different city corporations in Karnataka specifically Mangalore City Corporation, Bangalore City Corporation. The RP highlights the violations of building by-laws in various cities & the resultant damages & risks accumulated over a period. The role & responsibilities of civic authorities & development authorities shall be explained with suitable examples. Towards the end, questions and answers session will be conducted.

Learning Objectives

Participants will be able to : Describe the multi-hazard building bye-laws Illustrate examples of building violations Discuss the roles and responsibilities of civic authorities and

officers. Module

Activities PPT, Lecture, Discussion and Question & Answer

Duration

Time allocation: Building bye-laws - ½ hour Queries & answers- ½ hour

Supporting

Material Document on multi-hazard building bye-laws of MCC & BCC

Training Aid Flip chart, white board, LCD projector, computer

Module Feedback

Question & Answers session and IRQ

Day-2

Session- 2 & 3 Session – 2: Design of foundations for earthquake safety. Session – 3: Types of foundations for earthquake safety

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Contents

Low cost foundations for safety of masonry buildings Types of foundations for RCC buildings Strengthening of foundations

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

In the first session, the RP will give a pictorial PPT of different types of foundations for different types of soil conditions. An earthquake shaking table experiment with different types of foundation will be demonstrated through a video to expose the participants on how the foundation failures take place during earthquake shaking. In the second session, the RP will explain the designing of foundations for different soil conditions in earthquake prone areas. This will be followed by discussions & illustrations on viable strengthening & retrofitting measures for the existing buildings which have been assessed & found to be weak. Towards the end, queries and answers will be taken up.

Learning Objectives

Discuss the types of foundations for disaster safety Describe the steps for designing foundations for safety Discuss strengthening & retrofitting measures for weak foundation

Module Activities

PPT, Lecture, Discussion, Question & Answer, FAQs

Duration

Time allocation: Types of foundations for disaster safety ½ hour Steps for designing foundations for safety ½ hour Strengthening & retrofitting measures for weak foundation ½ hour Question & answers ½ hour

Supporting Material

Handout on foundations

Training Aid Flip chart, white board, LCD projector, computer

Module Feedback

Question & Answers session and IRQ

Day-2

Session – 4 & 5

Session – 4: Earthquake safe low cost building techniques & role of engineers

Session – 5: Demonstration of low cost safe techniques for housing

Contents Importance of low cost building techniques

Building materials

Construction techniques for rural housing & masonry buildings

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

In the first session, the resource person will make a pictorial PPT of various

low cost safe construction techniques for earthquake & flood prone areas.

The RP shall elicit reactions of the participants about the practical utility of

these building techniques especially in the context of rising cost of

conventional building materials like cement, steel, wood, bricks etc. The RP

based on the reactions, explain through projects which were implemented

earlier in various parts of the country, how such building techniques &

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materials would help in the cost reduction, safety & eco-friendly. The RP will

explain a few examples of projects taken up with these techniques in

Karnataka & other states for building awareness. Learning

Objectives Participants will be able to :

Discuss the importance of low cost building techniques

Explain different types of locally available appropriate building

materials

Illustrate construction techniques for rural housing & masonry

buildings Module

Activities Lecture with PPT, Discussion & Demonstration

Duration

Time allocation:

Importance of low cost building techniques ½ hour

Types of locally available appropriate building materials ½ hour

Illustration of construction techniques for rural housing & masonry buildings

¾ hour

Queries and Answers ¼ hour Total 2 hours

Supporting Material

Case study on cost effective & safe construction technology by Dr.

Ashok Sanganal

Handout on building materials Website of CBRI, Roorkee Website of BMTPC, New Delhi Website of HUDCO

Training Aid Flip chart, white board, LCD projector, computer

Module Feedback

IRQ & Quiz

Day-2

Session 6 & 7 Session 6: Fire Safety in public buildings

Session 7 : Demonstration of Equipments

Contents Types of buildings Classification of Fires Fire extinguishing & preventive measures in buildings

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP will make a PPT on fire safety measures in different types of buildings. The provisions given in the NBC 2005 for various buildings will be explained with appropriate examples of cities. The penal provisions for violations are also highlighted. The RP also demonstrate the safety & preventive measures through an exhibition of the equipment & fire engines. At the end, the queries will be taken for answering.

Learning Objectives

Discuss the fire safety measures Explain types of buildings

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Describe the planning of fire safety measures in building as per NBC Demonstrate equipment and fire engine (Rescue Van).

Module Activities

Lecture with PPT, Demonstration, Queries and answers

Duration

Time Allocation Lecture with PPT : ¾ hour Queries & answer : ½ hour Demonstration : ¾ hour Total : 2 Hours

Supporting Material

NBC provisions, GOs on fire safety & permits Guidelines of NDMA on Fire safety measures

Training Aid White board, LCD, Computer, Rescue Van & equipments, Pamplets

Module Feedback

IRQ & Quiz

Day-3

Session – 1&2 Session – 1&2: Field visit for HRVC analysis of buildings

Contents

Study visits to:

4. Devaraja Market Buildings

5. School / college

6. Hospital building

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP gives a brief about the hazard, risk, vulnerability & the tools used for

conducting the survey. Different formats in which the participants groups will

collect the information from the field will be given before visiting the sites. 3

groups will be formed with six to eight members in each group. Each group

will be assigned with one building complex.

The RP will identify & make preparatory arrangements and the logistics for

the field visit. The RP/CC will discuss with the concerned about the profile of

the buildings to be visited by the participants well in advance. The RP shall

prepare a checklist of observations for seeking information from the

authorities, owners & inmates of the buildings. Necessary demonstration,

professional interaction by the concerned Officers at the project site and

Project Office shall be ensured. The participants will be a given a checklist for

structured interaction in addition to understanding the overall picture of the

project. The Participants will prepare and make a presentation of the HRVC

analysis of the buildings in the following session. The field report will be

submitted by the groups to Coordinator. Learning

Objectives

Visit the buildings & sites

Conduct the survey by using tools & formats Prepare reports of the field visit Present the reports before the experts/CC

Module Activities

Project Details/Handout

Checklist for field visit

Field experience sharing and exposure to Projects

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Interaction with the project authorities, owners & inmates

Field report preparation and presentation

Duration 2 hours

Supporting Material

Tools for HRV analysis, Checklist for field visit, Field report format,

Training Aid Flip chart, white board, Checklist for field visit

Module Feedback

Field Reports and presentations by Participant groups

Day-3

Session – 3 Sessions – 3: Presentations of field reports by groups

Contents Finalisation of group reports

PPT Presentations by participant groups

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP explains the tips for effective presentation by groups & invites each

group to make presentation using PPT & field reports.

The RP will assess the reports & presentations with reference to the hazards,

risk & vulnerability of the buildings visited & the mitigation measures

suggested by the groups. Each group will be given feedback on the

effectiveness of reports & presentations with a grading 1 to 4

Learning

Objectives Participants will be able to : Conduct HRVC analysis of buildings Suggest structural & non structural mitigation

Module Activities

Group work, preparation of reports and presentation

Duration

Time allocation:

Briefing by RP :10 min

Presentation for each Group : 10 min

Feedback by experts : 05 min

Summing up by RP : 05 min

Total 1 hour Supporting

Material Group-wise Field reports, group-wise PPTs

Training Aid Flip chart, white board, LCD projector, computer, PPT

Module Feedback

Presentations and Feedback by peer groups and experts / RP

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Day 3

Session – 4 & 5

Session – 4 : Case studies

Session – 5 : Case studies presentation

Contents

Case Studies

6. Bellary building collapse

7. Rana Plaza Building collapse

8. Collapse of Rural buildings

9. Collapse of Lanse down building

10. Hampi heritage structures

11. Case studies from the individual participants

Module Delivery Outline

Skills and

Knowledge

The RP on the first day of the course explains to all the participants about the

task of preparation & presentation of cases of various building collapses. 5

case studies will be Xeroxed in advance & handed over to all the participants.

The participants will be formed in to 5 groups & each group will be assigned

one case study as listed in the content. The RP explains to all the groups to

keep attention in every class of the course & make note of the learning points

for incorporating the same in the case study presentation. The participants are

also asked to prepare the PPT of the case studies given to them well in advance

even by referring internet sources on each case study assigned. Some

individual participants will be encouraged to choose their own case study

experienced by them.

In this session, the participants will finalise the group & individual reports of

the case study for presentation. Learning

Objectives Participants will be able to : Finalise the group & individual reports Present the reports

Module Activities

Group work, preparation of reports and presentation

Duration

Time allocation:

Review & finalisation of reports : 1 hour

Briefing by RP :10 min

Presentation for each Group : 10 min

Feedback by experts : 05 min

Summing up by RP : 05 min

Total 2 hour Supporting

Material Individual & group reports, group-wise PPTs

Training Aid Flip chart, white board, LCD projector, computer, PPT

Module Feedback

Presentations and Feedback by peer groups and experts / RP

Evaluation

Internal Validation: Oral feedback and written feedback

The RP shall distribute the IRQs to all participants for filling up of formats.

After collection of all filled up forms/IRQs, a few participants may be asked

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give the oral feedback on each session and the objectives whether achieved or

otherwise. Participants shall be requested to give their free and frank,

suggestions for improvement. The DG would be requested to be present during

the evaluation session.

Reference Materials

Action Research on Assessment of Disaster Safe Construction Practices and Building

Bye-Laws – A Case Study of Selected Buildings in Mysuru by Dr Ashok Sanganal

BIS codes on safety

NBC 2005 provisions

Reading materials on safe building practices

Hand Book on Civil Works for Non Engineers authored by Dr Ashok Sanganal(available

in ww.atiMysuru.gov.in)

Case studies on

5. Bellary building collapse,

6. Rana plaza building collapse,

7. Lanse down building,

8. Devaraja market building.

Dr Ashok Sanganal, Action research on cost effective & safe building technology – A

case study of MNK projects

Website: www.taylordevicesindia.com

Website of IIT Kanpur

Website of BMTPC, New Delhi

Website of HUDCO

Website of CBRI, Roorkee

Summary of the Course Module

The 3 days training module on Earthquake Risk Mitigation & Management has been designed

keeping the needs of Engineers & Officers of PWD, Water Resource Department, ULBs, UDAs,

Slum Clearance Board, Housing Board. The course covers basic inputs on earthquake effects on

buildings, safety codes, building bye-laws, NBC provisions, construction techniques & materials

to provide a first hand experience to all the engineers & other officers involved in the planning &

construction of public housing & buildings. The course is subject to revision from time to time

depending on the changes in the building codes & by-laws. The course module accordingly

needs to be modified as & when the need arises for revision.