Tables of lower limb

8/7/2019 Tables of lower limb

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Great saphenous vein

Begins at medial end of dorsal venous arch of foot

Ascends in front of medial malleolus and along medial aspect of tibia along with the saphenous nerve,

passes behing medial condyles of tibia and femur, and then ascends along medial side of femur

Passes through saphenous opening in the fascia lata and pierces femoral sheath to join femoral vein

Suitable vessel for use in coronary bypass

Piriformis syndrome-hypertrophy of piriformis muscle as it exits greater sciatic foramen causing

compression of structures exiting the foramen

Mimics lumbar disc herniation causing sciatica

Motor for Common Fibular:

Anterior leg muscles

Lateral leg muscles

Dorsum of foot muscles

Sensory:

Skin over lateral and anterior distal thigh

Skin over dorsum of foot and adjacent toe 1 and 2


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Posterior Muscles of Thigh/Flexor compt of thigh/knee flexors/Hamstrings

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action Blood

Supply

Semitendinosus

Muscle

Ischial

tuberosity

Proximal tibia Tibial nerve Flex thigh

and flex andextend knee

joint

Semimembranosus

Muscle

MOST MEDIAL

Ischial

tuberosity

Proximal tibia Tibial nerve Flex and

extend kneejoint

Biceps Femoris

long head

Ischialtuberosity

Tibial nerve Flex andextend knee

joint

Biceps Femoris

Short Head

Midwaydown shaft of

femur

Head of fibula CommonFibular Nerve

Flex andextend knee

joint


3/15

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve

Supply

biceps femoris, long

head

ischial

tuberosity

head of fibula flexes and

laterally

tibial part

of sciatic


4/15

rotates leg,extends thigh

nerve

biceps femoris, short

head

shaft of

femur

head of fibula flexes and

laterallyrotates leg

common

fibularnerve

semitendinosus ischial

tuberosity

upper part

medialsurface of

tibia

flexes and

mediallyrotates leg;

extends thigh

tibial part

of sciatic

semimembranosus ischialtuberosity

medialcondyle of

tibia;

forms oblique

popliteal

ligament

flexes andmedially

roates leg;

extends thigh

tibial partof sciatic

adductor magnus

(hamstring part)

ischial

tuberosity

adductor

tubercle of

femur

extends thigh tibial part

of sciatic


5/15

Anterior Muscles of Thigh/Extensors Compartment

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action Blood Supply

Iliacus Iliac fossa Lesser

trochanter

Femoral Flexes thigh

with psoas

majorSartorius ASIS Tibia Femoral Flexes and

laterally

rotates hip

Flexion of

knee

Femoral

Rectus femoris ASIS Femoral Flexes hip and

extends leg

Vastus medialis Femur Tibial tuberosity Femoral Extend

leg/knee

Vastus lateralis Femur Femoral Extend

leg/knee

Femoral/Lateral

descending

branch of

profunda

brachi

Vastus

intermedius

Femur Femoral Extends

leg/knee

Femoral/Lateral

descending

branch of

profunda

brachi


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Medial Muscles of Thigh

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action Blood

Supply

Adductor

longus

Pubis Posterior

femor

Obturator Adducts hip

joint-

Adducts and

flexes thigh

Femoral

artery

Adductor

brevis

Pubis Posterior

femor

Obturator/Anterior/Posterior

Branches

Adducts and

flexes thigh

Femoral

Adductor

magnus

Pubis Posterior

femor

Obturator Adducts,

flexes, and

extends

thigh

Femoral

Pectineus Pectineal

line

Linea aspira Obturator/Femoral Adducts and

flexes thigh

Femoral

Gracilis Pubis tibia Femoral

ObturatorExternus

Pubis Obturator Lateralrotator of

thigh


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8/15

Shin splints=torn muscle

Especially tibialis anterior

Anterior tibial syndrome caused by intermittent claudication

Crural fascia is cut-so it expand

Testing Achilles:

S1 and S2

Sensory posterior leg

Plantar flex


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Anterior and Lateral Muscles of Leg

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action Blood Supply

Tibialis

anterior

Tibia base of 1st

metatarsal

Deep Fibular Dorsiflexes

and inverts

foot

Anterior Tibial

Artery

Extensor

hallucis longus

Tibia/Interosseous

membrane

Base of distal

phalanx of big

toe

Deep Fibular Extends big

toe

Anterior Tibial

Artery

Extensor

digitorum

longus

Shaft of fibula Base of middle

and distal

phalanges

Deep Fibular Extends toes

Fibularis

Tertius

Distal 1/3 of

fibula; interossous

membrane

Base of 5th

metatarsal

Deep Fibular Dorsiflexes

and everts

foot

Anterior Tibial

Artery

LateralFibularis

longus

Base 1st

metatarsal

Superficial

fibular

Everts and

plantar flexes

foot

Fibularis

brevis

Base 5th

metatarsal

Superficial

fibular

Everts and

plantar flexes

foot


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11/15

Posterior Muscles of the Leg

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action

Gastrocnemius Lateral femoral

condyle

Medial femoral

condyle

Posterior aspect

of calcaneus

Tibial Flexes knee;

plantar flexes

Soleus Upper fibular

head, soleal line

on tibia does not

cross knee joint

Posterior aspect

of calcaneus

Tibial Plantar flexes

Plantaris Distal lateral end

of femur, crosses

knee joint

Posterior surface

of calcaneus

Tibial Flexes leg;

plantar flexes

Deep Group

Tibial

Popliteus Lateral condyle of

femur

Posterior side of

tibia

Tibial Flexes by

unlocking kneeFlexor hallucis

longus

MOST LATERAL

Lower 2/3 of

fibula,

intermusclar

septa

Base of distal

phalanx of big toe

Tibial Plantar flexes,

flexes distal

phalanx of big toe

Flexor digitorum

longus

MOST MEDIAL

Middle posterior

aspect of tibia

Distal phalanges

of lateral four

toes

Tibial Flexes lateral four

toes

Tibialis posteriorMIDDLE

Interosseousmembrane

Tuberosity ofnavicular,

sustentacular tali

Tibial Plantar flexes


12/15

e


13/15

Posterior-Tibial

Anterior-

Lateral-Deep Fibular

Lateral-eversion

Posterior-inversion

Except for popliteus


14/15

Tarsal bone-calcaneus, cuboid, talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, metatarsal

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action

Extensor digitorum Deep Fibular Extend toe

Extensor hallucis

brevis

Deep Fibular Extend big toe

Abductor digiti

minimi

Flexor digitorum

brevis

Flexes toe

Abductor hallucis

muscle

Attaches to 1st

metatarsal

Helps maintain

medial

longitudinal arch2nd layer-2 muscles-

2 tendons

Quadratus plantaemuscle Tibial Flex toes withoutinversion

Flexor digitorum

longus tendon

inverts

Lumbricals

Flexor hallucis

longus tendon

4th layer

Long plantar

ligament

Between tendons of extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis


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Nerve Cause of Injury Motor Deficit Sensory Deficit

Obturator Anterior hip

dislocation

Thigh adduction Medial thigh

Femoral Pelvic fracture Thigh flexion and

leg extension

Anterior thigh and

medial legCommon fibular Trauma to lateral

aspect of leg or

fibula neck

fracture

Foot eversion and

dorsiflexion; toe

extension

Anterolateral leg

and dorsal aspect

of foot

Tibial Knee trauma Foot inversion and

plantarflexion; toe

flexion

Sole of foot

Superior gluteal Posterior hip

dislocation or polio

Thigh abduction

(positive

Trendelenburgsign)

Inferior gluteal Posterior hip

dislocation

Cant jump, climb

stairs, or rise from

seated position

PED=Common Fibular Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropped (dorsiflex-extend foot)

TIP=Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured, cant stand on TIP toes

Documents

Tables of lower limb