TAFSEER AL BAQARAH

Sept 25, 2012

A. HAFZ CLASS

(Memorization)

وٲ�د ـ ��م إ ـ ��م وإ ن ٱ ر� ـ �� إ�� ھو ٱ ر� ـ إ �� )١٦٣(

Your God is One God; there is no God save Him, the Beneficent, the Merciful. (163)

وٲت وٱ(رض إن� '& %$ق ـ � �+ ف ٱ ��ل وٱ .��-ر / ٱ ـ وٱ 5$ك ٱ �1& 31رى '& / وٱ$1%-ء / ٱ 8�ر 8�- �.75 ٱ .�-س �-ء �ن �� �+ �ن ٱ ٱ(رض 8<د / و�- أ.زل ٱ;�8 -��?'

C و8ث� '�@- �ن A / �و1@- F / لE دا�8 ـ � Eر �-ب / وG1ر�ف ٱ �+ ر وٱ �%+� 8�ن / ٱت IEوم �<I$ون ـ �-ء وٱ(رض (� �+ ١٦٤(ٱ

Verily! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day,

and the ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind, and the water

(rain) which Allâh sends down from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its

death, and the moving (living) creatures of all kinds that He has scattered therein, and in the

veering of winds and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth, are indeed Ayât

(proofs, evidences, signs, etc.) for people of understanding. (164)

These Ayat 2/162 -163 talk about different Signs of Allah . 2/163 , وٲ�د ـ ��م إ ـ tells us we وإ

have One God to attach to for ALL our affairs . We are told ھو �� إ ـ إ �� there is no God but He ◌

And the 2 Names ��م ن ٱ ر� ـ �� . were mentioned ٱ ر�

Ayat 2/164 talks about the different signs Allah sends, by the Mercy of Allah, so we are

attached to Allah :

1st Sign

إن� Verily

&' in

وٲت وٱ(رض ـ � �+ %$ق ٱ the creation of the Heavens & the Earth

2nd Sign

و and

ف ـ the change – that comes after each other ( eg : night to day ) ٱ$1%

between night & day ٱ ��ل وٱ .��-ر

3rd Sign

وٱ 5$ك and the ship

&1� which ٱ

31رى sailed . ( 31رى means it flows or runs )

&' in – indicates ship AND submarine . ( if only ship, it will be said ‘ala)

ٱ 8�ر the sea

ٱ .�-س �.75 8�- benefitting the people ( because ships carry freight, used for fishing, etc)

There are 2 verbs here so far in this Ayat .

وٲت is NOUN because of the kasrah. Also Nouns are %$ق / khalqi = إن� '& %$ق ـ � �+ ٱ . because of the word AL (the) & the kasrah ( highlighted ….) و ٱ( ر ض

running or sailing and 75.� / benifitting are Verbs = present tense / 31رى

وٲت وٱ(رض ـ � �+ .is JAR MAJRUR '& %$ق HARF JAR here is &' .And . '& %$ق ٱ

Another example of ISM MAJRUR is 8�ر '& ٱ

4th Sign

و�- أ.زل ٱ;� whatever Allah send . أ.زل is VERB,

�-ء �+ �ن ٱ from sky (sama*)

-ء �ن �� from water

8 -��?' Allah send down rain fa ahya / to give life ( verb) bihi / with it

Earthٱ(رض

after death ( of the earth) 8<د �و1@-

5th Sign

و8ث� and spread

-@�' on the Earth

= C �ن AلE دا�8 from all moving (walk, crawl, etc) creatures . C ,means moving ( crawl, run, fly دا�8

etc). Includes humans, animals, etc

6th Sign

F ـ � Eر وG1ر�ف ٱ “ and change the wind” . G1ري is a VERB. F ـ � Eر ’is noun because of ‘AL ٱ

& KASRAH.

7th Sign

�-ب �+ وٱ “and the clouds” . ب-� �+ are ‘clouds’ between the Heavens & the Earth . This saHaab

can bring rain .

ر �%+� ٱ ”subjected” – Allah gave the clouds its job , that is to subject it to a certain area.

Noone can bring the clouds from one area to another – only Allah . Sakhkhara = means to

subject it to something . Sakhkhira means “ to mock” . Common factor between sakhkhara &

sakhkhira is ability to order ( sakhkhara) with authority & to put them down ( sakhkhira). Here

there are 3 same letters ; even when there are 2 common letters , the same meaning occurs .

�-ء وٱ(رض �+ between the Heavens & the Earth 8�ن ٱ

All 7 Signs are ت ـ �) “the Signs” for us ون$I>� ومIE “ to understand” . The 2 LAMS ( at La

Ayat & La Qaumin) are LAM TAWKEEL / affirmation

ت ـ �) Lam Tawkeel

IEوم �<I$ون )١٦٤ “for the people of understanding “. Aqila is “ to understand.

Having aql to reflect . People who see all the 7 Signs above & do not feel faith are as if not

I>� (cannot reflect)$ون

****

Virtues of Seeking Knowledge

Gatherings of Knowledge is like Gardens of Paradise . Rasulullah salallahu alaihi wa sallam said : When u

pass any gardens of Paradise, u need to stay . The place where you remember Allah is Garden of

Paradise

(1)

Angles will surround those in the Gatherings of Knowledge.

(2)

When Angels surround any gathering, the Mercy of Allah will Descend upon them .

(3)

And with Allah’s Mercy covering them, then Tranquility will Descend upon them .

(4)

Then Allah will Mention your name & Allah will Talk about your magnificence to the Angels

(5)

And therefore / hence all your sins will be forgiven . Attending the Study Circle gets you the

expiation of your sins .

(6)

When 1-6 happens , in the Day of Judgement , you will be safe & feels NO REGRET & GUILT.

Often, people waste our deeds . If we are not in study circles, we will still be doing something

else ( – maybe of little or no benefit or worse still , deeds that sin). So when we are in Study

Circles, thank Allah for His Rahmah ( Mercy) because this gathering will make have no regret &

guilt in the Day of Judgement . Any place where there is no mention of Allah is VAIN TALK ,

hence causing REGRET in Day of Judgement ,

(7)

And your DOA WILL BE ANSWERED because the angels are witnessing you . Whatever doa you make

will be responded to

(8)

And all your SINS WILL BE REPLACED WITH GOOD DEEDS . Hence you leave with hasanat .

(9)

In Day of Judgement, our faces will GLOW & Allah will Honor us , putting us on a PLATFORM in

the Day of Judgement – even to the envy of Prophets & Matyrs . Because we are giving away

your TIME – something very dear to you – for the sake of Allah . People from different cultures

& countries are meeting for the sake of Allah.

(10)

*******

A. BAQARAH TAFSEER CLASS

Tafseer 2/ 168 :

8<وا %طوٲت �11 �- و 8 Eط� Q ـ - '& ٱ(رض �$ �- ٱ .�-س �$وا ��� R�? ـ ��8ن (١٦٨) R� TدوU �م ۥ ن إ.� ـ �ط �X ٱ

�$>1 � -� وء وٱ X�5-ء وأن I1و وا U$& ٱ;� R+ Y8 �ر�م?� -� ون إ.�)١٦٩ (

O mankind! Eat of that which is lawful and good on the earth, and follow not the

footsteps of Shaitân (Satan). Verily, he is to you an open enemy: (168) He [Shaitân

(Satan)] commands you only what is evil and Fahshâ (sinful), and that you should

say against Allâh what you know not. (169)

?R��- ٱ .�-س ـ � In Ayat 2/168, Allah addressed all mankind by saying س-�. �- ٱ R�? ـ � . Surah Baqarah is

Surah MADANIAH (received in Medina) – Surah Madaniyyah gives ahkam / rules & legislations

addressing the believers . Surah Madaniyyah also have command for all people . (Surah Makkiyyah

only address all mankind).

?R��- ٱ .�-س ـ � Allah addressing AN NAAS which is plural of Insaan / humans are prone to forget.. Plural

of insan is Naas . An Naas are the Sons of Bani Adam . 2 creations of Allah who are to obey Allah are

(1) An Naas

(2) Jinn

Command Allah say “ O you believers” vs “ O mankind “

@- ٱ �ذ�ن ءا�.وا R�? ـ � “ O u believers “ is always followed by DETAILED commands /

legislations of haram or halal. Detailed commands are given – as seen in Surah Hujurat . � fulfill the

commands of Allah & your faith will be increased when you apply it .

When Allah say س-�. �- ٱ R�? ـ � “ O An Naas “ , Allah talks GENERALLY ( to unbelievers) .

The way Allah talk to non believers differs from the way he speaks to believers. To the believers,

Allah talk in detail . To all (general) people, Allah talks generally & gives no detail of the Deen . To

apply this to ourselves : We should talk appropriately in the right place, at right time eg you

should show care to non believers & new reverts, & talk about what benefits them. If we talk in detail

( eg about hijab , about praying 5 times a day, about 4 wives) to the general people ( non believers or

to the new reverts) , we may frighten/discourage them . In Ayat 2/168 , Allah spoke generally to An

Naas eg in 2/168, Allah spoke generally about eating :

?R��- ٱ .�-س ـ � “ O Mankind”

“ ,Kulu meaning a command/order to “ eat “ . This is an order which is good. It is a Command �$وا

You need to eat “ .

eg People told to eat miso soup because it’s good for you � this is general .

Command of kulu وا$� came 2 ways – dunia & akhirat . Here Allah said “EAT” , otherwise you will die

– so when done for sake of Allah, eating & drinking is actually following Allah’s command – you still eat

even if not so delicious because it is good for you . Allah Command with the Mercy of Allah, Wud Allah /

Love of Allah to care for us .

The Command or Order of وا$� came in 2 ways :

(i) وا$� In the Dunia - Allah command us to eat to avoid death . Eating & drinking is by the

Command of Allah – ibadah . You eat everything but not too much – overeating causes

illnesses .

(ii) وا$� in the Akhirat - However, in the Akhirah, we eat & drink with no limit. Eating & Drinking

in Akhirat is for na’im / for delight . When commanded by Allah, even food will help us in

our ibadah.

- ��� = = whatever

&' in / on

the Earth � plants, animals ٱ(رض

Food from under the Earth & from on top of the Earth. = - ��� includes plants, vegetables,

fruits but the blessing of Allah is to tell us to eat whatever from in/on Earth . But it need to have 2

conditions – see below. Allah did not say “ this is haram “ first but He commanded the positive

first � apply this to us ie talk positive first before telling her of the restriction eg you can do wear henna

( which allows wudhu to be sah) on your nails instead of cutex ( which does not allow wudhu to be

sah).

Q ـ $�- 8 Eط� FIRST Allah commanded (then later in the Ayat, Allah gave restriction.)

Now the food has 2 types :

(1) halalan / lawful - Permissible food which we eat. Halal food is

a. the food itself is halal

b. the food you bought is from halal source ( not from riba, or stealing .) Allah wants the

source of your food to be good too. Money must be from halal source because it affect

your sayings, thinking & your deeds. Anything that goes in us will affect the OUTCOME

– if you eat halal & tayyib , your kalam/words & thinking will be good , your emotion will

be balanced ( not angry, use foul language)

(2) tayyiban - Tayyib / good / pure, then your kalam, thinking will be good , your emotion

will be balanced (not angry , not bad thinking) . Tayyib = when not tayyib , then it is bad food .

EVERYTHING is halal except when told (are HARAM) ( eg blood, swine, dead meat) , so

there are more halal than haram . Adam was allowed to eat everything in Paradise except from

ONE TREE .

We are allowed to eat everything except a few. Other Ayat tell what is haram. When

Allah command - 8 Eط� Q ـ - '& ٱ(رض �$ then we must not eat food with �$وا ���

preservatives, chemicals , colors which harm. Colorful & attractive food may harm us.

RULE : ORIGINALLY, EVERYTHING IS HALAL . Haram is ONLY when there is evidence. This

command benefits a believer AND a non believer. BUT there is a difference :

• If believer follow this, he is submitting to Allah’s Command for the sake of Allah then he will be

rewarded.

• If a disbeliever follow this, he will NOT be rewarded because the 1st condition is not there – that

is he does only for his own benefit & NOT to do deeds for Allah’s sake.

Submission to Allah is short cut – in Surah Qamr. You will not waste money for researches – because

we know about the harm from Allah Himself . Follow Allah’s Commands, and we can save lots of money .

Disbelievers do (scientific)research to find out what Allah has ALREADY told us all. Believers

take halal & tayyiba because ALLAH SAID SO ( halal & haram) . Anyone far from Allah’s way , will see

earth will be ruined & mischief will spread. eg mad cow disease . eg Cows are not to eat meat,

chicken, eggs but to eat grass only. When the way is disturbed , the animals are badly affected. Mad Cow

Disease is one of the consequence. When something is disturbed, the ecosystem is ruined .

Same with halal & haram � food even affect manners, & cause diseases. Halal & Tayyib food make

all good ( manners , health) . Believer do not ask for proof of research � he will just submit to Allah

orders . eg A Muslim doctor told long reasonings about what is bad of swine meat . A revert Muslim

doctor just said “ Allah forbids it . That’s it”. When you know the Quran , you know with knowledge (that

Allah gave in the Quran) – chemistry, biology, anatomy will not affect them . So we must Value our

religion � the Quran will be expert about life – law, psychology, all other studies are actually already in

the Quran & the Quran will benefit you regarding the Earth.

- 8 Eط� Q ـ - '& ٱ(رض �$ shows Allah tells about halal & haram for our safety , because �$وا ���

He wants for us only our happiness, safety, and all benefits in the dunia & akhirat. Take care of our food

to benefit the best

Allah tells about laws & commands in Surah Al Baqarah . We follow the rules about fasting, etc

BUT to make it easy to follow Allah’s Commands , we MUST take care of our food.

What stops us from eating Halal & Tayyib ?

After commanding “O mankind! Eat of that which is lawful and good on the earth” ,

then Allah forbid something : ن ـ �ط �X 8<وا %طوٲت ٱ �11 � SATAN is the obstacle from taking و

halal & tayyib food – any small or big problem in dunia is satan & he is laughing at those who

follow him.

:This Ayat is applied to all problems for satan is behind all problems

� And DON’T و

8<وا �11 ◌ follow (the FOOTSTEPS of satan). ITTABA’A is ‘ to follow ‘

ن ـ �ط �X the footsteps of shaitan – do not follow the footsteps of satan . Satan will take %طوٲت ٱ

you away SLOWLY in footsteps

• towards sinning or

• leaving good deeds or

• to stop doing good deeds of higher hasanat/good rewards to ones of lesser hasanat .

Satan has footsteps to destroy the obligatory, & undo the hasanat of ibadah, Allah warns us that

satan will take people step by step into sin - ways & tricks to undo our good deeds (the analogy

of undoing the sweater, garden, commit sin.) As long as we are alive, satan is after us.

. footsteps al shaitan / %طوٲت Footsteps . Any type of sin is the result of the = %طوٲت

Satan will try on all – to follow him in footsteps . طوٲت% meaning “ STEPS” from shaitan as

long as we are alive . Satan footsteps is in ANY sin, in any evil/bad , in neglecting obligations or

voluntaries .

Satan will divert us with :

(1) Logical reasonings – eg fasting is for a whole day – satan gave reason to sleep whole

day . We should just sami’na wa a Ta’na (hear & obey) what Allah commands . Satan

will use logical reasonings :

a. with deeds

eg Allah say to lower your gaze because the pressure to sin increases by looking

at haram – but satan will use ‘logical’ reasonings that looking balances the body !

The pressure to sin is very strong when we look at something sinful.

eg In Islam, men & women must separate – but satan says to humans that kids are

more normal when they are in mixed schools.

eg eat from left hand is haram but some say they are left handed so ‘logically’

they eat with their left hand! A sahabah once ate from his left hand & the

Rasulullah told him to eat from his right hand because satan eat from the left

hand. So it is HARAM to eat from the left hand .

b. even when we are already doing ibadah – if we go to class 5 days a week, satan

tell us to reduce with ‘logical ‘reasons like family, tiredness , etc till we may end

us reducing going to class.

Do not measure religion with our logical measurements .

(2) JEALOUSY is another source of ن ـ �ط �X Every human has jealousy which . %طوٲت ٱ

is ن ـ �ط �X %طوٲت ٱ

eg What started as jealousy between the two sons of Adam ended up in killing . Jealousy

then got to be hatred and later to pride. Then to arrogance, to back biting, to Mocking &

it goes on. That is why jealousy is called ن ـ �ط �X %طوٲت ٱ

After warning us ن ـ �ط �X 8<وا %طوٲت ٱ �11 � و

Then Allah say �8ن R� TدوU �م ۥ إ.�

�8ن R� TدوU �م ۥ here is your plain & clear enemy ‘. Allah tell us we have ONE‘ إ.�

CLEAR enemy : satan, who is behind ALL problems . Satan will not go to the heart that has a

cage (of taqwa) guarding the heart. When satan discourage you to do good & encourage bad,

use your mind to fight it & DO THE OPPOSITE to increase your good deed or ibadah:

eg I want to donate 1000 Dhs – satan tell just 500 Dhs because we need grocery money � so

we counter satan’s whispers & give MORE (2000 Dhs) . If you do extra, satan will give up .

eg satan whisper to sleep at Fajr so you wake up & do more solat , ie obligatory and 4 raka’at

nawafil.

Eg you pardon someone who hurt you . When you want to speak , do so with good because satan

is waiting to create problems between you and the other person .Satan will not whisper with

sinners for they are already his supporters – but satan will strife to go in between those on

the religion. Hence Allah WARNS us that satan is our apparent enemy �8ن R� TدوU �م ۥ إ.�taking us to harm & destruction .