tailieu orcad.pdf

CAD in t Chng 1 Ci t chng trnh

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CHNG 1. CI T ORCAD 9.2 Bc 1: Ci t

Cho a Orcad vo CD, a t chy (Autorun) hoc bn c th m a v click vo file "Setup.exe". Khi chy xong khi ng, giao din ci t 'Orcad Family Release 9.2 Setup' hin ra. Click chut vo nt 'Next'

Bn tip tc nhn vo nt 'Yes' v 'Next' cc ca s k tip


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n y, bn s ci cc ng dng. Bn ch cn chn a (ng dng v nguyn l), chn e (ng dng v Layout). Tip tc click chut vo nt nhn 'Next'

Tip tc in mt chui s bt k vo trng "Authorization codes" v nhn 'Next'


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Sau khi bn chn Next ca s trn, chng trnh s ci t Bc 2. CRACK Chn a cha CD Orcad, click chut phi chn 'Open'.


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M folder Crack, bn chy file PDXORCAD.exe (xem ca s di)

Phn mm ny yu cu bn ch ng dn cha th mc (Folder) orcad. Thng th khi ci t, Folder Orcad nm theo ng dn: C:\program files\ orcad. Khi chn xong ng dn ny, bn click chut vo nt 'Apply' v chn 'ByeBye' (Xem cc ca s di).


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Qu trnh ci t hon thnh. Bn c th vo Start\programs\Orcad Family release 9.2\Capture (Layout) chy chng trnh.

CAD in t Chng 2 V nguyn l

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CHNG 2 V S MCH NGUYN L

Di s h tr ca my tnh, cng vic thit k mch ngy cng tr nn d dng hn. thit k mt mch in trn ORCAD chng ta c th thc hin bng hai cch.

Cch 1: Ta v mch nguyn l (Orcad\Capture) v dch Netlist v k tip v mch in (Orcad\Layout) bng cch cho chy Layout lin kt linh kin. Bc ny thng hay tr cho ngi thit k v mt linh kin (parts) bn s Schematic c nhiu kiu chn (footprint) khc nhau chn la. Ta phi chn footprint no cho ph hp. Cui cng cho sp xp linh kin v v mch. Cch ny ngi ta thng chn hn.

Cch 2: Ta v mch in th cng bng cch m trc tip chngtrnh Orcad\Layout. Da trn s nguyn l c sn, ta chn footprint tng ng v sp xp cho ph hp. Bc k tip, ta ni dy v cho chy mch in t ng hoc v tay. Vi cch ny, ngi thit k t chn v ch v cc mch n gin.

Trong phn ny ta tp trung thit k theo cch th nht. to k nng v mch, bn hy tp trung thit k nhiu mch n gin quen lnh v thao tc lnh cho tht nhanh.

Hnh di y cho bn xem qua cc kh giy bn chn la. Cng vic ny c th thay

i song song trong qu trnh v mch. Ngha l khi v mch nguyn l, nu cn chn kh giy ln hn th ta chn li m vn khng nh hng n trang v.

Sau y l mt s v d. Cc v d ny, bt buc bn phi lm xuyn sut cc bc cho n khi han chnh mt mch in.


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V d 1: V mt mch ngun n p n gin.

Sau khi thit k xong mch ngun ny, bn c th thi cng cho mnh mt mch ngun th nghim sau ny.

Cc bc han tt mt bn v (nguyn l): 1. t linh kin ln bn v, sp xp hp l, chnh sa linh kin v v dy 2. Chy Anotate (Update) 3. Kim tra li 4. Dch netlist.

Qua 5 bc ny xem nh han chnh. Nu cc bn cha thc hin th phi xem li.

Bc 1: M Project mi . Khi ng chng trnh, Click chut vo Start\Orcad Release\Capture ta c c giao din nh hnh di.

Bn m mt d n mi nh sau. Chn file\new\project

Ca s 'new project' hin ra. Theo th t, bn g tn project 'name' Chn Schematic Vo 'Location' chn ni lu project (click chut vo browse chn hoc to Folder mi).


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Ca s trn, bn thy Location l: D:\THAYKHAI\day orcad. Nhm bn nn chn mt folder ring, ly tn ca cc bn. V d: 05E1_NHOM1.

to mt folder mi trong Orcad ta lm theo trnh t cc bc sau: Click chut vo Browse ca s Select Directory hin ra Vo Drives chn D

Click chut chn nt Creat Directory nh tn 05E1_NAM OK

Tip tc chn li 05E1_NAM OK

Tip theo, chn 'OK' bn nhn c giao din v mch nguyn l nh sau:


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Sau khi chn Ok bn nhn c giao din nh sau:

Chn vo nt Project manager ng giao din v nguyn l (tr v trang Project)

Thanh cng c

Kho st thanh cng c

Cng c Chc nng

Select: Chn la. Bn c th click chut vo y khi bn mun kt thc mt lnh no hoc click chut phi chn End command

Place part: Ly mt linh kin ra bn v.

Place wire: V dy ni cc chn linh kin


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Place net alias: t tn cho ng v (Net) hoc tn Bus

Place bus: V ng bus

Place junction: t du ni cho 2 ng dy ct nhau (nu cn)

Place bus entry: t ng r nhnh bus

Place power: t ngun

Place ground: t t

Place hierarchiecal block: t th t cc khi, ch thch cho khi

Place port: t ng vo/ra port

Place no connect: t du khng kt ni cho nhng chn linh kin khng dng trong s nguyn l

Place text: t nhn cho khi, s mch

Phm R Phm nng R: Xoay linh kin

V mch in theo s nguyn l sau:

lm bi ny, ta thc hin theo trnh t nh sau:

Bc 2: Ly linh kin t ln trang v

-+

D1

DIODE BRIDGE

1

2

3

4

D3

LED

D2

LED

C3104

R14K7

U2

79SR1

2 3

1

VIN VOUTGN

D

C5103

J2

+5

VD

C G

ND

-5V

DC

123

C4104

J1

12V

AC

0

1

2V

AC

123

R24K7

C12200UF

U1

78HT2

1 3

2

VIN VOUT

GN

D

C22200UF C6

103


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y l ln u tin bn ci t v mch in nn trc khi ly linh kin ra bn phi ly th vin ra trc (Add library). Hin ti th vin linh kin nm trong file orcad ni bn ci t. Nhng ln v sau th vin ny vn tn ti, khng cn thc hin bc ny.

By gi, cc bn bt u v mch. Chn cng c Place part (hnh di)

Ca s Place part hin ra Bn click chut vo nt Add Library , ca s Browse

file s m ra.

Chn file th vin Discrete.olb click chut chn Open

Trn ca s Place part bn thy ngay th vin Discrete nm trong Library. Click chut chn th vin Discrete


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a chut vo Part list hoc nh ng tn linh kin vo Part (v d Diode Bridge)

nu bn bit trc tn. Lp tc, cu diode hin ra. Chn OK

Click chut t linh kin ln trang v.

Tng t, cng trong th vin Discrete, ta chn linh kin t in C (c cc), Cap NP

(khng cc), in tr R, Led v t linh kin ln bn v.


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Tip theo l bc ly IC n p. thc hin bc ny, click chut chn Add Library, ca s

Browse File hin ra Chn th vin REGULATOR click chut chn OPEN.

Chn th vin REGULATOR trong Library G tn 78HT2 vo Part Linh kin n p 78(78XX) hin ra. Chn OK v linh kin ny dnh theo con tr. Bn hy t n ln bn v v tr ph hp. Tng t, ta chn linh kin n p m 79SR1 (79XX).

Bc k tip, ta ly linh kin CON3 (y l u ni 3 chn a ngun AC vo v

ngun DC ra. Linh kin ny nm trong th vin CONNECTOR. Bn hy t ly thm th vin CONNECTOR v trong th vin ny chn CON3.


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Bc 3: V dy

Sau khi han tt vic t linh kin ln trang v, ta bt u i ni dy. Chn cng c ni dy

Click chut vo mt u chn linh kin v r chut n chn linh kin cn li, sau click chut vo chn ni v kt thc. (Ch : Khi v dy mt cch lp lng, khng ni vo chn no th phi Double_Click mi kt thc c on dy ).

Sau khi ni mch xong, cho hin cc chn ngun cn thiu ca IC, vic ny ta c th

lm trc khi i ni dy. hin chn ngun, ta thc hin cc bc sau (y cng l cch chung chnh sa linh

kin): Chn linh kin cn chnh sa chn Click chut phi chn Edit Part

Ca s Edit Part hin ra, ta thy c mt chn linh kin kch c = Zero Double_Click chut vo chn ny, ca s Pin Properties xut hin Click chut vo cc nhn v chn theo nh hnh v


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Sau khi chn xong click chut chn OK, ta c c kt qu nh hnh di.

cp nht linh kin ny ln bn v, click chut chn du Close(x) bn di.

Ca s mi hin ra: Chn UPDATE CURRENT cp nht cho linh kin va chn chnh sa. Nu chn UPDATE ALL, n s lm cho tt c cc linh kin ging nhau cng cp nht mi theo linh kin ang sa. Nu chn Dicard, vic chnh sa c loi b.


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t GND (Ground) v v dy.

Bc 4: i tn, gi tr linh kin theo s cho trc

Cng on cui cng hon tt bn v l t gi tr linh kin. Mi mt linh kin c i km nhiu thuc tnh khc nhau. Trong bn ch 2 thuc tnh quan trng l tn v gi tr. Tn c i km vi s ch th t ca linh kin trong bn v ( v d C1, C2, C3R1,R2,R3). Gi tr linh kin c biu din bng mt tn (v d: T C, in tr R) chnh sa tn v gi tr ca linh kin bn 'Duoble_click' vo tn/gi tr v in tn, gi tr cn thay i.


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Sau khi chnh sa tn xong, cng vic v nguyn l xem nh han tt.

Bc 5. Cp nht bn v (U?) Click chut chn biu tng U? (xem hnh v), ca s Annote hin ra. Cc khai bo

theo mc nh nh trn hnh. Click chut chn OK. Bc ny han tt.

Bc 6. Kim Tra Li (DRC) Click chut chn biu tng DRC (xem hnh v), ca s Design Rules Check hin

ra. Cc khai bo theo mc nh nh trn hnh. Click chut chn OK. Bc ny han tt. Trong trng hp ny, mch in khng c li nn ng ra (Output) trong ca s Project Manager cho ra mt file Ve Mach Nguon.drc


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Bc 7. Dch NETLIST Mc ch ca dch netlist l lin kt ng dy ni vi chn linh kin.

Trong bc ny, bn phi nh ng dn ni cha file .mnl dng trong phn v mch in (Trong v d ny file 've mach nguon.mnl' nm theo ng dn D:\thay khai\day orcad\ve mach nguon.mnl)

Bc 8. Dch BILL (Danh mc linh kin)

tin vic kim tra cng nh mua linh kin, ta cn phi in danh mc linh kin (Bill of materials)

Click chut chn biu tng c ch Bill of materials


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Danh mc linh kin hin ra c i l '.BOM'. M file ny ta thy c danh mc linh

kin rt r rng

CAD in t Chng 3 V mch in

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CHNG 3 V MCH IN

Cng vic ny c tin hnh qua 5 bc: 1. Chy Auto Eco lin kt linh kin t s nguyn l (parts) vi s chn (footprints). 2. Sp xp linh kin . 3. Chn lp v kch thc ng mch in. 4. Chy mch in (t ng hoc v th cng) 5. Chnh sa tn linh kin v gi tr cho ph hp, t tn cho bo mch. 6. V ng bao cho bo mch. 7. Ph ng (nu cn thit).

Bc 1. Chy Auto Eco Chy Auto Eco lin kt linh kin t s nguyn l (parts) vi s chn (footprints).

Bc lin kt linh kin s t ng thc hin cho nhng ln v sau i vi nhng linh kin c. Click chut vo Start\Programs\Orcad Family..\Layout.

Click chut chn File\New

Chn file '_DEFAULT.TCH'\ Chn Open . Ch : Khi chn File\New file

_Default.tch xut hin theo ca s Load Template File. Tuy nhin, nu khng thy file ny, bn click chut vo Look in v tr theo ng dn C:\Program files\ Orcad\ Layout\ Data.

Khi chn Open, ca s Load Netlist Source xut hin. Bn cn chn file 'Ve Mach

Nguon. mnl' (Hy nh li file ny nm u). Click chut vo Look in v ch ng dn cha file 'Ve Mach Nguon. mnl'.


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Sau khi tm thy 've mach nguon.mnl', bn hy chn v click chut vo Open

Sau khi click nt OPEN (hnh trn) bn thy ca s Save File As hin ra v file 've mach nguon.max'. Mi bn click chut vo nt Save chy Auto Eco.

Di y l giao din Auto Eco v ang yu cu lin kt chn linh kin (footprint) cho

cu diode (DIODE_BRIDGE). lin kt vi linh kin c sn trong th vin, bn chn vo nt 'LINK EXISTING FOOTPRINT TO COMPONENT' . By gi bn ln lc lin kt cc linh kin theo yu cu hin trn ca s.

Lin kt cho Diode: Chn nt 'LINK EXISTING FOOTPRINT TO COMPONENT'

Ca s Footprint hin ra. Chn ng dn n th vin c linh kin cn tm (Bn cn

thm th vin (nu cha c) bng cch nhn nt 'Add'. ). Chn linh kin cn tm.


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Vic chn v lin kt linh kin ht sc n gin. Ta ch vic c dng yu cu lin kt linh kin no. V d nh hnh trn, ECO ang yu cu lin kt D1 (Cu Diode). Tip theo, ta chn nt lnh " LINK EXITING FOOTPRINT TO COMPONENT" v ca s linh kin hin ra, tm kim linh kin trong th vin tng ng v chn (Cu diode c th chn CON4 trong th vin BCON 156T). n y cng vic lin kt han thnh.

Ci kh trong bc ny l linh kin ang cn cha trong th vin no v kch thc gia cc chn l bao nhiu. Di y l mt s th vin thng dng. Kho st th vin trong Orcad Layout.

Khi s dng th vin lin kt linh kin, ta cn phi bit r kch thc, hnh dng linh kin.

Sau y ta kho st mt s th vin linh kin thng dng c sn trong ORCAD LAYOUT.

1. Th vin IC Footprint cho ic loi chn cm cha trong th vin Dip100T

V d: DIP.100/14/W.300/L.700 l kiu chn cm cho IC 14 chn, b rng 300mils v

di 700 mils.

V d: DIP.100/40/W.600/L.2025 l kiu chn cm cho IC 40 chn, b rng 600mils v

di 2025 mils.

2. Th vin cu ni (Jumper) Cc cu ni dng ni cc ng mch khng ni trc tip vi nhau

V d: JUMPER200 l cu ni c kch c 200mils


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3. Th vin r_le Trong th vin RELAY cha cc loi R_le thng dng. Mt s linh kin khng c trong

th vin th ta phi to.

4. Th vin connector.

Ta c th vo th vin SIP ly cc u ni (connector). Ngoi ra, mt s th vin khc nh PCON100T, LCON100T, BCON 156T

V d: SIP/TM/L.800/8 c chiu di 800, s chn l 8

V d: POLCON.100/VH/TM1SQS/W.300/3 c chiu rng l 300, s chn l 3

V d: BCON 156T cha BLCON. 1560/VH/TM1SQS/W.300/4 c chiu rng l 300,

s chn l 4, hai chn cch nhau 156mil 5. Th vin TELE.

Trong th vin ny cha cc kiu chn cho linh kin u ni in thoi v mng.


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6. Th vin TM_AXIAL. Trong th vin TM_AXIAL cha cc kiu chn cho in tr.

V d: AX/.300X.100/.028 l in tr c chiu di 300mils v rng 100mils, kiu chn .028

7. Th vin TM_CAP_P v TM_CYLND. Trong th vin cha TM_CAP_P cha cc chn ca loi t c chn hai u. V d:

CPAX/.600X.200/.034 l t c chiu di 600mils, rng 200mils v loi chn .034.

Th vin TM_CYLND cha cc loi kiu chn cho t c chn ni bn i thn t.V d: CYL/D.300/LS.100/.031 l t c ng knh 300mils, khong cch chn 100mils v kiu chn l .031

8. Th vin TM_DIODE. Trong th vin TM_DIODE cha cc kiu chn cho Diode v Zener. Ta phi ch rng,

khi linh kin bn s nguyn l (part) c cc chn c khai bo thuc tnh Number l '1,2' th bn mch in (footprint) phi chn ng l 1,2 (Xem hnh). Nu linh kin bn s nguyn l c thuc tnh Number l A,C th bn mch in phi chn ng l 'A v C' (Xem hnh di)


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9. Th vin TM_RAD

Trong th vin TM_RAD cha cc kiu chn linh kin led

V d: RAD/.100X.050/LS.100/.031 l kiu chn Led c khong cch chn l 100 mils.

11. Th vin TO. Th vin TO cha cc kiu chn cho Transistor, Transistor cng sut, Transistor

trng, SCR, Triac, n p (xem hnh)

Transistor cng sut (S),SCR,Triac, n p


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12. Th vin VRES Th vin VRES cha cc kiu chn cho bin tr.

13. Th vin DBUST

Th vin DBUS cha cc kiu chn ca cng kt ni my tnh.

Mc d c rt nhiu th vin v linh kin, nhng ta nn to ring mt th vin tin s dng trong thit k.

Sau khi chn v lin kt tt c cc linh kin, mt giao din mi c to ra v cha tt c cc linh kin trong s nguyn l. Cc ng dy ni gia cc chn linh kin chng ta thy l ng tin ni. Bc tip theo, ta i sp xp linh kin.

Bc 2. Sp xp linh kin. Sau khi lin kt tt c cc linh kin, mt giao din v mch in c hin ra cng vi tt

c linh kin bn va khai bo. Linh kin phi c sp xp sao cho hp l. Trc khi sp xp linh kin, ta kho st mt s cng c trn giao din (Xem hnh v).


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Kho st cc cng c

Component tool: Dng thao tc trn linh kin.

Pin tool: Dng thao tc trn chn linh kin.

Obstacle tool: Dng v ng bao, ph ng

Text tool: Dng t text

Connection tool: Dng kt ni dy gia cc chn footprint trong phng php v th cng

Color settings: n hin mu sc cho cc lp.

Online Design Rule Check: Kim tra li khi v

Reconnect mode: n hin ng dy ni / ng mch in.

Autopath Route mode: T ng v ng mch c chn

Shove track mode: Chnh sa dy, v dy th cng

Edit segment mode: Chnh sa dy,

Add/Edit route mode: Chnh sa dy

Design Rule Check: Kim tra li

View spreadsheet: Cc khai bo lin quan n lp v, kch c s ng v

Library Manager: Qun l th vin.


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Sau khi kho st qua cc cng c, chng ta tin hnh cng vic sp xp linh kin

Chn DRC loi b kim tra li "online" Click chut chn Component Tool sp xp linh kin. Trong qu trnh thao tc, bn nhn phim nng R xoay linh kin.

Khi chn DRC, bn thy biu tng khng cn hin th mu => Lc ny phn mm khng kim tra li. Trc khi sp xp linh kin, bn nn n i mt s lp cho d nhn. y, ta cn n lp mu xanh trn trang v: Click chut chn biu tng Color Settings (c 4 mu), ca s Color hin ra

Trong ca s Color, bn chn lp Default ASYTOP v nhn phm du '-' n/hin.

Chn cng c Component Tool , click chut chn vo linh kin di chuyn v sp xp (Bm phm R xoay linh kin nu cn).

Phm R Phm nng dng xoay link kin

Phm I Phm nng dng thu nh

Phm O Phm nng dng phng ln


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Bc 3. Chn lp. Click chut chn biu tng View Preadsheet\ Layer chn lp v. Ca s Layer

hin ra.

y, orcad mc nh v 4 lp (Routing): Top, Bottom, Inner1, Inner2. Cn li cc lp khc mc nh khng s dng Unused

khng s dng mt lp v no , ta click chut vo ch Routing ca lp Click chut phi\ Chn properties

Ca s Edit layer hin ra, click chut chn Unused Routing


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Tng t, bn i ROUTING thnh UNUSE cho cc lp Inner1, Inner2 v Top. Nh vy ta ch cho php v mch in mt lp (lp di).

Bc 4. Chn lp chn kch thc ng v .

Click chut chn biu tng View Spreadsheet chn Net.

Ca s Net xut hin, bn xem ct c tiu Width (Min Con Max) thy kch c ng v mc nh l 12 mils. (1 mils =1/1000 inches). Kch c ny hi nh, nu nh bn t ra mch th s kh. By gi ta phi chnh sa li kch c ng v ny.

Click chut chn tn ng mch cn sa Click chut phi, chn Properties

Ca s Edit Net hin ra, click chut ln lc vo 3 v sa 20, 40, 60 Click chut

chn OK chp nhn. ng GND cn phi chn ln (30 50) m bo cho Ground .


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Tng t nh bc trn, dng chut chn tt c cc rn ng v cn li

Click chut phi chn Properties, trong ca s Edit Net click chut in ln lc 10,35,60 Click chut chn OK. y l mch ngun nn ng mch phi ln. Kch thc cc ng ny c th bng hoc nh hn GND.

Ch : Nu l ng tn hiu th bn ch cn chn 15 20 l va. Nu lm th cng, bn nn chn c 25 -30.

Bc 5. V mch in t ng

Click chut chn Auto Chn AutoRoute Chn Board.

Khi chn Autoroute, phn mm s chy mch in. Cng vic ny thc hin nhanh hay chm l do phc tp ca mch. khi chy khng c nu nh bn chn 1 lp.


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Bc 6. V ng bao cho board mch i vi cc bo c hnh dng gc cnh phc tp th bc ny phi thc hin trc khi v

mch in. Nu thc hin sau khi v s rt kh chnh li ng mch. Nu bo l l hnh n gin (Bo mch hnh vung, ch nht) th bc ny c th thc hin sau khi v.

Click chut chn biu tng Ostacle Tool a con tr vo trong, click chut phi chn New

Tip tc click chut phi, chn Properties

Ca s Edit Obstacle hin ra, click chut vo Obstacle Type chn Board outline Vo Obstacle Layer chn lp Global layer Vo Width chn c 20 Chn nt OK chp nhn.


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Click, gi chut v ko mt khi bao bo mch. y chnh l ng bao ca Bo mch in. ng ny l ng vin my c th nh v v ct theo. Ti c s mch in, ngi ta da vo kch thc ng vin ny tnh tin cho bo mch.

Bc 7. t Text v chnh kch c tn linh kin chnh sa tn, gi tr cho linh kin, kch c ch, t Text cho bo mch ta chn cng

c Text tool. t Text cho bo mch: Chn Text tool

Click phi chut chn new

Ca s Text Edit hin ra, ta in vo cc ni dung nh hnh di. Sau khi chn xong, click chut chn OK bn s thy ngay ch 'VE MACH NGUON'. Click chut t on text ny xung bo mch.


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Khi t Text xung bo mch, bn s thy Text nm ng chiu. Nhng nu in mch layout

ny ln lp di (bottom) ca bo mch in bn s thy ch s b ngc. Vy dng ch nm thun chiu khi lm bo, bn phi o n li (mirror).

o ch li, ta lm nh sau: Click chut chn ch cn sa Click chut phi chn Mirror

Khi chn Mirror xong, bn c ngay Text c chiu ngc li. By gi, bn hy tng tng nu nhn t pha sau ra pha trc trang v th ch s thun chiu, ng khng?

Chnh c ch cho tn hoc gi tr linh kin, ta tip tc nh du khi v click chut

phi chn Properties


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Khi chn Properties, ca s Text Edit hin ra ta tm th thay i c ch l 10 v

80, so voi ban u l 8 v 60 Chn OK kt thc

Tr li ca s linh kin, ta thy ngay c kch c cc ch tng ln. Nhn chut vo

mt im bt k trn mn hnh kt thc.

Bc 8. Chnh chn linh kin Thc t, chn linh kin trong th vin c rng rt nh (pad), Khi hn linh kin, phn

ch bm vo l rt t. Chnh v vy sau mi ln chy mch in xong, cng vic tip theo l phi chnh chn linh kin cho ln ln. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

Chn cng c PIN TOOL Chn linh kin cn sa Nhn t hp phm 'SHIFT+T'

Mt ca s thuc tnh chn linh kin hin ra


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Click chut nh du khi vo lp bottom (hoc c top v bottom) Click chut phi

chn PROPERTIES

ca s EDIT PADSTACK hin ra Khai bo nh hnh di

Chn OK ta c chn linh kin ln hn

Chnh cho chn cn li Chn chn linh kin lm tng t cc bc trn


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ca s EDIT PADSTACK hin ra Khai bo nh hnh di

Chn OK chp nhn v ta c kiu chn vung ln hn

Ln lc thc hin cho cc chn cn li

Chn led sau khi chnh theo kiu chn OBLONG


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Chn linh kin cho c bo mch sau khi chnh. Ch khi chnh chn linh kin s xy ra

trng hp chn chm vo ng mch. Ta phi y ng mch ra khi chn linh kin b dnh:

Click chut b ch kim tra li (DRC). Chn cng c Edit Segment Mode

Click chut vo ng dy v ko n ra khi chn linh kin ang dnh. Kt qu c nh hnh v.

Han thnh bc ny, ta c mt mch in tt v han chnh hn


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Bc 9. Ph ng mch in bn p, kh nng chng nhiu tt hn, khi v mch in xong bn phi thc

hin bc ph ng. Chn cng c Obstacol Tool

Click phi chut vo trang v, chn New

Click phi chut chn Properties

Ca s Edit Obstacle hin ra, trong Obstacle Type chn Copper pour, Obstacle

Layer chn Bottom, Width chn 20 (mils)bn v Clearance chn 30 (y l khong cch gia lp ph ng ti ng mch/ chn linh kin. Chn OK chp nhn.


- 40 -

Click chut vo trong trang v nh khi ph ng.

y l bi tp n gin, gip bn hon thin cc bc v mt bo mch in. hnh thnh k nng, k xo cho v mch bn cn thao tc tht nhiu v c mt kin thc c bn v in t.


- 41 -

V d 2: Thit k mt mch khuch i ghp tng.

Hng dn: V nguyn l

Bc 1: To Project mi c tn Mch khuch i ghp tng. Bc 2: Ly linh kin t ln trang v. Chu Tranhsistor nm trong th vin

TRANSISTOR chn PNP, SW1 nm trong th vin DISCRETE, J1 nm trong th vin CONNECTOR.

Bc 3: V mch nguyn l. Bc 4: Thay i gi tr linh kin theo ng s , t tn bo mch hoc khi nu cn

thit. Bc 5: Chy ANNOTATE UPDATE linh kin. Bc 6: Kim tra li. Bc 7: Dch NETLIST Bc 8: Dch BILL (nu cn)

V mch in Bc 1: Chy AUTO ECO lien kt chn linh kin. Bc 2: Sp xp linh kin. Bc 3: Chn lp. Bc 4: Chn ng v. Bc 5: Chy mch in t ng hoc th cng. Bc 6: V ng bao cho bo mch. Bc 7: t TEXT, chnh kch thc linh kin Bc 8: Chnh chn linh kin Bc 9: Ph ng

C5

10UF

R21K

R7150

R58K2 C4

47UF

R61K

J1

9VDC

12

Q1C828

SW1

INPUT

R3330

R1820K

VCC

C3

104

C2

47UF

C1

10UF

Q2D468

MACH KHUECH DAI GHEP TANG

R468K

R810K

CAD in t Chng 4 To linh kin

- 42 -

Phn 4. TO LINH KIN Trong phn ny, thng qua v d chng ta s to linh kin phn CAPTURE (part)

v phn LAYOUT (footprint) . Sau khi to linh kin l phn ng dng thit k mt mch c th.

V d 3: To linh kin led 7 on v v mch nguyn l

1. To linh kin trong s Schematic

Bc 1. M mt th vin mi Khi ng OrcadChn file New Library

Th vin mi xut hin

Chn th vin mi Click chut phi chn New Part

VCC

R5R

D5

D1

D5

D1

D4

D0

R1R

C3

33P

D3

C1C

U2

74LS245

23456789

191

1817161514131211

20

10

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

GDIR

B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7

VC

CG

ND

R3R

D5

D5

VCC

Y1

ZTA

D2

D2

D1

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

D0

D0

LE

D1

R2

R

Q3PNP BCE

D7

D3

D7

D2

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

LE

D2

D6D7

VCC

D3

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

SW1

SW PUSHBUTTON

R6

RR7R

LED3

D7

D2

Q2PNP BCE

VCC

D6

D4

D3

LE

D3

Q1PNP BCE

LED2

D4

D6

D0

VCC

D1

LED1

D1

D6

R4

R

U1

8051

2930

40

20

31

19

18

9

3938373635343332

12345678

2122232425262728

1011121314151617

PSENALE

VCC

GN

D

EA

X1

X2

RST

P0.0/AD0P0.1/AD1P0.2/AD2P0.3/AD3P0.4/AD4P0.5/AD5P0.6/AD6P0.7/AD7

P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P2.0/A8P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15

P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXDP3.2/INT0P3.3/INT1P3.4/T0P3.5/T1P3.6/WRP3.7/RD

VCC

D3

D2

C2

33P

D4


- 43 -

Ca s t thuc tnh cho linh kin hin ra t tn cho linh kin cn to l LED_7SEG (t ty sao cho hp l).

Chn OK, ca s san tho LED_7SEG c hin ra. ng nt mnh l ng bao

thn linh kin Ch : Chn linh kin bm trn ng bao ny. Nn khi v, thn linh kin phi trng ng bao ny.

Chn v khng dnh ng li (mu ), dnh li (mu xm)

Chn linh kin

V chn linh kin

V mng chn linh kin

V hnh dng linh kin

t text

Bc 2. To thn linh kin Dng cc cng c v cc nt trn ca led 7 an. Cc an cch nhau gn 2 2,5

li l va led_7seg (xem hnh).


- 44 -

'Double Click ' vo cc an v chn m ca nt v sao cho ph hp

V du chm thp phn cho led 7 an ta cn phi chn nt lnh SNAP TO GRID c

mu Chn cng c v hnh trn v mt hnh trn nh Chnh kch thc nt v ln

ta s c c ngay mt du chm.

Bc 3. To chn linh kin

Trc khi v chn cho linh kin, ta phi chn SNAP TO GRID tr li mu xm

khi v dnh theo ng li. Chn cng c to chn linh kin v in cc thuc tnh ca chn theo hnh v

chn OK kt thc. Tng t, ta to cc chn cn li

Sau khi to xong, trong th vin library1 c mt linh kin LED_7SEG. Bn c th i tn th vin Library1 thnh th vin c tn THU VIEN RIENG cho d nh.

Snap to grid

Snap to grid


- 45 -

i tn, ta click chut vo ng dn c cha Library1.olb v click phi chut

chn SAVE AS v i tn.

2. ng dng v mch nguyn l Bc 1. To project mi

Bc 2. Ly linh kin t ln trang v

Trong bc ny, chng ta phi cp nht mt th vin mi to vo ca s linh kin. Chn cng c ly linh kin Click chut vo nt Add Library Tm th vin va

to chn OPEN

Sau khi chn OPEN, mt th vin mi c cp nht Click chut ly linh kin

t ln trang v


- 46 -

Hng dn: IC 74LS245 cha trong th vin BUSDRIVETRANSCIVER, IC 8051 cha trong th vin Microcontrollor. Cc linh kin khc xem cc v d khc.

Ta c th tm linh kin bng cch sau: G tn linh kin cn tm (nu khng nh k t m rng th ta c th g du * thay

th). V d tm IC 74ls245 th g *74*245*. Click chut chn Part search

Chn ng dn phi ng .\orcad\capture\library (ni cha th mc th vin)

Chn Begin Search

Sau khi tm, mt lat cc linh kin c trng phn 74245 s xut hin v ta chn linh

kin dng yu cu

Sau khi t tt c linh kin ln trang v ta c hnh b tr nh sau:


- 47 -

Bc 3. V ng BUS v dy ni Chn cng c v Bus v v ng bus nh hnh

Chn cng c v ng r nhnh bus Place Bus Entry v t tt c cc ng r nhnh bus

Chn cng c v dy Place Wire v ng ni t an r nhnh BUS n chn linh kin.

Sau khi v xong ta c s v mch nh hnh v

VCC

R5R

R1R

C3

33P

C1C

U2

74LS245

23456789

191

1817161514131211

20

10

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

GDIR

B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7

VC

CG

ND

R3R

VCC

Y1

ZTA

D1

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

R2

R

Q3PNP BCE

D2

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

VCC

D3

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

SW1

SW PUSHBUTTON

R6

RR7R

Q2PNP BCE

VCC

Q1PNP BCE

VCC

R4

R

U1

8051

2930

40

20

31

19

18

9

3938373635343332

12345678

2122232425262728

1011121314151617

PSENALE

VCC

GN

D

EA

X1

X2

RST


P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P2.0/A8P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15

P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXDP3.2/INT0P3.3/INT1P3.4/T0P3.5/T1P3.6/WRP3.7/RDC2

33P


- 48 -

t tn ng BUS: Click chut vo biu tng t tn ng BUS

t tn ng BUS ln ng BUS

Bc 4. Chy U? update linh kin Bc 5. Kim tra li Bc 6. Dich netlist

3. TO LINH KIN V V MCH IN 3.1. To linh kin

Khi ng ORCAD LAYOUT

VCC

R5R

D5

D1

D5

D1

D4

D0

R1R

C3

33P

D3

C1C

U2

74LS245

23456789

191

1817161514131211

20

10

A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

GDIR

B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7

VC

CG

ND

R3R

D5

D5

VCC

Y1

ZTA

D2

D2

D1

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

D0

D0

LE

D1

R2

R

Q3PNP BCE

D7

D3

D7

D2

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

LE

D2

D6D7

VCC

D3

LED7_SEG

765 42110

9

3 8

ABP CDEG F

AC

1A

C2

SW1

SW PUSHBUTTON

R6

RR7R

LED3

D7

D2

Q2PNP BCE

VCC

D6

D4

D3

LE

D3

Q1PNP BCE

LED2

D4

D6

D0

VCC

D1

LED1

D1

D6

R4

R

U1

8051

2930

40

20

31

19

18

9

3938373635343332

12345678

2122232425262728

1011121314151617

PSENALE

VCC

GN

D

EA

X1

X2

RST


P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P2.0/A8P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15

P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXDP3.2/INT0P3.3/INT1P3.4/T0P3.5/T1P3.6/WRP3.7/RD

VCC

D3

D2

C2

33P

D4


- 49 -

Chy Auto Eco Khi chy AUTO ECO , chng trnh s tm linh kin D1 l LED_7SEG. Click chut

chn nt 'Create or modify footprint library'

Bc 1. M ca s to tn linh kin. Ca s to linh kin hin ra Click chut chn nt 'Create New Footprint' t

tn cho linh kin cn to (LED_7SEG) OK tip tc

Bc 2. To chn. Khi chn OK mt giao din mi c to ra v c mt chn linh kin mc nh.

Nhn phm Insert trn bn phm to ra chn linh kin mi. Sp xp theo th t

nh hnh v. Ch LED_7_an n c kch thc gia 2 chn l 100 (2 li x 50mil), 2 hng chn cch nhau 600 mil (12 li x 50mil). xc nh kch thc ca linh kin thc t, ta phi dng thc c n v mil o.

Bc 3. To ng bao linh kin.


- 50 -

Chn cng c v ng bao a con tr vo trang v, click phi chut chn NEW

Tip tc click phi chut chn Properties

Chn cc thuc tnh theo trn hnh Chn OK tip tc

Click chut vo trang v v nh du khi v ng bao linh kin. ng ny l ng gii hn cc linh kin khc nhau.

Tng t, chn v cho cc lp cn li: Lp SSTOP v lp ASYTOP


- 51 -

Lp ASYTOP l lp mu xanh l nhng phi trng vi lp SSTOP. v n gin, ta ch cn copy lp SSTOP v nhn t hp phm CTRL+V copy v click phi chut chn Properties Chn lp ASYTOP Chn OK v t trng ln lp SSTOP.

n y, vic to linh kin FOOTPRINT xem nh han tt.

Bc 4. Lu linh kin Chn nt SAVE AS. Chn th vin lu hoc to th vin mi. Nu to th

vin mi ta chn nt Create New Library.

t tn th vin mi (v d THU VIEN RIENG).


- 52 -

Sau khi to xong tn th vin mi. Nhn nt SAVE lu v quay li ca s lu linh kin

Khi quay li ca s ny, chn nt Browse v tm th vin va to

Chn OK tip tc. n y, vic to linh kin xem nh xong.

ng ca s th vin bng cch click chut vo nt CLOSE (X) ca ca s th vin

Mt message box hin ra chn OK ng v tip tc sang trang v mch in

Ca s AUTO ECO vn cn v cng vic tip theo l lin kt linh kin

4. V MCH IN Bc 1: Lin kt linh kin

Khi quay v li ca s AutoECO, chn 'LINK EXISTING FOOTPRINT TO COMPONENT'

---------------------------

Layout

---------------------------

Close Library Manager?

---------------------------

OK Cancel

---------------------------


- 53 -

Chn ADD cp nht th vin va to. Chn linh kin LED_7SEG lin kt s

nguyn l

Hng dn: Cc linh kin khc chng ta kho st phn trc

Sau khi lin kt tt c cc linh kin trong trang v, ta c mt mch nh hnh v.

Bc 2: Sp xp linh kin

Bc 3: Chn lp

Chn mch in 2 lp (top v Bottom) Bc 4: Chn kch thc ng v


- 54 -

Chn ng GND c 40 mil

Chn ng Vcc c 30 mil

Chn cc ng cn li c 20 mil

Cc c s thi cng mch in nh ti TP.HCM c kh nng lm ng mch l 10mil v

mch in ti a 3-4 lp ti thi im hin ti. Bc 5: V mch t ng

Bc 6: V ng bao bo mch Bc 7: t kch thc cho bn v.

Trn thanh Menu chnh chn OPTIONS chn SYSTEMSETTINGS

Trong ca s System Settings chn Mils, hoc Millimeters Chn OK chp

nhn


- 55 -

Quay li trn thanh Menu chnh, chn Tool Chn Dimention Chn Select tool

t kch thc ng v.

Click chut vo trang v v ko chut t im u n im kt thc cn o. Sau khi k xong 2 ng kch thc ngang v dc ta c nh hnh v.

Bc 8. Chnh sa, xut file, in n 1. Chnh sa xut file ra dng file nh.

Chn Color Setting Cho hin mu nn (lp Background), ng bao (lp Globle layer) v lp mch in pha trn (lp Top)


- 56 -

ng ca s Color Settings ta c bo mch nh hnh v.

Vo thanh Menu chnh chn FILE Chn Print/plot

Ca s Print Plot xut hin Ta khai bo nh hnh di

Chn OK Ca s Print hin ra, Chn Microsoft Office Document Image Writer Chn Print.

Chng trnh s xut file trong vi giy. File ny c lu trong th mc ang lm

vic.


- 57 -

Tng t x l cho lp di Chn lp di, n lp trn

Chn in Print/Plot to file

Bc 9. Chn ra file WORD

Trn thanh menu chnh ca Word, chn th Insert chn Picture chn From File

Chn file cn chn. Kt qu sau khi chn file


- 58 -

2. Chnh sa xut file ra my in. Vic ny cng lm tng t nh trn nhng khng chn vo Print/Plot To File Vo thanh Menu chnh chn File Chn Print/plot v khai bo nh hnh. Chn

OK in.

Ch : in ra gip v lm mch in th phi khai bo thm vo v tr MIRROR trc

khi in

CAD in t Chng 5 Lm mch in th cng

- 59 -

CHNG 5 LM MCH IN TH CNG

Phn ny s gii thiu cc bn cch lm board 1 lp th cng ti nh t cc s mch in v trn OrCAD Layout 5.1 Dng c cn thit - Panel: tm ng , ty theo board xc nh kch thc ( mua ch Nht To ). - Dung dch n mn: FeCL3 mua ch, hoc HCL, H2O2. - Ph kin: Km, khoan (cc mui thng dng 0.6mm 0.8mm 1mm 3mm), giy rp hoc r ra bt hoc c xoong 5.2 Chun b bn in

Sau khi thit k bn chun b in, nu nh c my in th tt, khng c th phin y ! Nu bn ci Adobe Acrobat, MS Office 2003 hay FinePrint th c mt tin ch my in o, bn s in ramy in o ny ri em ra ngoi in v tp tin c cc my in to ra l pdf hoc file nh. Nh th ca hng bn em in khng c

OrCAD cng khng sao. Vn y l bn phi thuyt phc ch tim cho bn in thi. Hin nay c mt s ca tim cho php bn in mch file .MAX, nhng hi mc. Khng th cc bn chp ci OrCAD protable trong USB v em ra tim m ci OrCAD chn m file cn in ln v in thi.

Nu bn dng giy can th in ln mt bng (mt bng ca n ging nh mt sau ca ci nhn v dnh (phn b i)). Loi ny dc nh gi cao nht, n i c nhng ng mch 10mil. Cn giy hng h cng c, nhng bn nn ng mch phi c 15mil tr nn.

i vi nhng my in mi HP1100 hay Canon LBP 800 tr nn, bn phi chn kiu giy nh nht nu khng mt giy rng chu. Khi chn giy nn chn loi giy mu vng, nh vy khi i th s thy r hn.

Sau khi hon thnh file layout .MAX, ta em file i in, nh ni l in giy nh:


- 60 -

1. Ct phn layout t giy in: ( v layout kh nh nn ta in c 6 bn trn 1 mt giy tit kim ng thi cng c ci thay th ngay khi i mch khng dnh ht )

2. o trc phn mch cn i khong bao nhiu ri dng thc k khung bn mch cn i. Sau ct nh trong hnh:

Ch :

- Board ng nn mua loi L, c size 2030 k tim Ngc Nht To l 17k. - Dao ct mch cng ch gi 10k , c th dng ca nh thay th. - Thc nn dng loi thc cng, thc st g cng tt, trnh dng nha mm s h thc v d trt vo tay.

Ta nn ct theo thc mt vi ln ly ng canh, sau th khng cn thc na.


- 61 -

Thao tc theo hnh, dng gc di ca dao m ct.

Sau khi ct mch trn su n n 1/3 dy board, ta lt mt sau ct theo ng , trnh trng hp ch ct 1 mt khi b mt sau s khng p.


- 62 -

Sau cng dng tay b nh, ta c mnh board cn i:

5.3 i mch Trc tin bn nh sch b mt tm ng, cng sch cng tt, em ra sch ri lau

kh, bn ct tm ng thnh tm c kch thc bng vi board bn thit k. Cn giy bn phi ct to hn khung l xong c ch m bc.

nhit bn l ch max. Sau khi t bn in ln bo ng bn t bn l, l trong khong 5-10 pht, ch l k phn mp. ngui. Nu l giy can th c th bc, cn giy hng h th phi em ngm nc cho giy mc ra ri bc i. Khng nn i lu v nh vy s lm nhe ng mch, lm cong board,... Lm cng nhiu th bn s t rt ra kinh ngim cho ring mnh.

1. Dng giy nhm hoc ming ra chn ch board nh hnh, nhm nh ht phn ng oxi ha mc d dnh ln. Yu cu: board sau khi nh phi sch v sng.


- 63 -

2. Thoa nha thng lng (nha hn ch), hp ny mua k tim Ngc tm 6k-8k.

3. Dng tay thoa u nh hnh, khng cn nhiu, ch cn lp mng l , nha ny s gip vic truyn nhit tt hn

4. Dng giy lau tht sch


- 64 -

5. Ta gp cc np gia giy v board nh du sao cho mch sau khi i nm ng v tr.

6. Dng mt t bng dn c nh nh hnh:


- 65 -

7. Dng bn i, lc ny nng sn ( t nng mc max ) hn ln board v ko t t, t mp bn ny sang mp bn kia, mc va phi.

8. Sau i i, ri li i li; i ti ri li i lui cho n khi cc ng nt mch ln ln nh hnh th dng li, vi board c 68 ny th tm khong 4p-5p l c.

- i vi cc bn mi lm th phn trung tm mch v cc mp ngoi d b b st v do mc khng dnh ht. Ta cn ch dng mi bn i v cc phn gn cnh bn i m ch k cc phn .


- 66 -

9. Cc ch :

- Phn qut nha thng lng l option, nha thng lng gip tit kim thi gian i v i d dng hn. Bn no cm thy t tin ri th c th b qua phn ny. - Vic mnh qu mc c th lm giy trt trn board -> hng, hoc dng mi bn i ch mch s gy rch giy.


- 67 -

5.4 Ngm mch Bn ly mt t FeCL3 pha vi nc tt nht l nc si. Pha n khi n bo ha. cho vo mt ci a. t tm ng vo a, nghing a nh ngi ta i vng nu bn pha vi nc si th khong 1 pht l xong. Cn nc ngui th khong 5 pht. Bn thy ng phn khng c ngmch bong ht ra l c. Sau dng c xoong nh sch.

- Board sau khi i xong em ngm vo nc sch, ch khong 2 pht cho giy mm v r ra:

- Lt giy ra, t t, chm v nh thi.

- Dng phn tht ca ngn tay ch nh trn board ch i phn giy cn bm li (ch cn tng i thi)


- 68 -

- Tm tm th ny:

- Dng bt lng k li vt mc mt (4k/cy). Nh dng giy thm cho mch kh ri k.


- 69 -

- Ngm mch vo nc pha bt st, vi lng nc th ny + bch bt st 3k/gi c th ngm 5-6 board 6cmx8cm.

- Nh p mt board ng xung di ri lc nh, nu lc lin tc th tm 10p l ta c mch. Cn 3p lc mt ln th thi gian lu hn.

Lu : Dung dch ngm mch kh c, khng nn dy vo tay/mt, cc bn c th khoan 1 l nh trn board ri xuyn 1 si dy qua cm, trnh tip xc vi nc ngm mch.


- 70 -

- Dng giy nhm/ming ra chn ch mc ra, vic ch s nhanh hn nu dng thm axeton (16k/chai)

- V thnh phm l y:

Ch trong phn ny: - Cc dng c v ha cht c th mua k tim Ngc / Nht To, ch ny chuyn bn lm mch bng tay. - Cc l nh chnh gia chn linh kin dng khoan khng b trt, cn ch ra sch giy v ngm cho ht my l ny. - Dung dch st nu cn dng c th y li th ln sau mi dng tip c. - Vi cc mch ng nt ln th khng cn dng axeton ( kh c nu tip xc nhiu ), ngc li vi cc nt nh 12-15mils th ch dng giy nhm s d bay lun ng ng.


- 71 -

5.5 Khoan board

Mi 0.6 khoan chn c chn nh nh diode zener, mi 0.8 l tr, 1 l diode chnh lu. 3 l khoan l bt vt. Bn t mi khoan vung gc vi board, bm cng tc, cho khoan qua th tt, tip tc chuyn sang l khc.

K mch ln cao khoan cho d.

- a mi khoan st vo l ri bm nt, t tin ri th dng khoan khi cn nt nhn lun.

- Cn ch trnh run tay, mi khoan s ph hng pad ng, gi chc tay v khoan dt khot.


- 72 -

- Qua th nghim ca ring ngi vit , khoan mua k tim Ngc (55k/ci) dng vi 4 diode 1N4007 mc cu + bin p 12V/1A + t 100uF ( khng phi 1000uF nh ) khoan kh v t. Khoan mua nhng ch khc vi iu kin tng t c th yu hn v khng khoan c. - Mi khoan c cc loi 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1 1k/mi. - C th dng ngun l cu diode mc trn test board v dng kp c su kp vo khoan.

- Board sau khi khoan xong:

5.6 Bo v mch trnh cho mch khi b oxi ha bn phi qut ln mch mt lp bo v. Sau khi hn xong, bn ph lp bo v. Dung dch bo v: RP7 (hng sa xe my, ch tri cng c), Sn bng , nha thng (c bn ch Nht To). Vi RP7 hoc sn bng bn phun trc tip vo phn c ng mch. Cn vi nha thng bn em p nh, em ha tan bng xng hoc axeton (hiu thuc hoc hng mnh), c mt dung dch dng keo, sau ly bt lng qut ln. Khi axeton hoc xng bay hi th lp nha thng s bo v mch. Hn t linh kin thp nht n cao nht. Mch ny c 1 jump, ta hn jump u tin. Jum c

th ly chn linh kin ct ra, mnh hay xi chn led v thy n vung vung p . Sau hn tip in tr, t 22p,47p; ri 104p; ri dip, nt nhn


- 73 -

- Chi tit hng dn hn nm ngoi phm vi bi vit ny. Nhng i vi cc bn mi bt u th cc bn ch th ny: phn mi hn tip xc vi c pad ng v chn linh kin, ch 1 t cho pad nng ln, ri va a ch hn va xoay mi hn v gt dt khot mi hn ra l c.


- 74 -

- Sau khi hn xong, cc bn nn qut mt lp nha thng pha xng thm ln mch bo v mch, nu khng th ch sau 1 vi ngy ng ng b oxy ho en thui, dn in km v nhn board rt xu. (nha thng mua v p nh, pha vi xng thm # vi nha thng lng dng phn trc)


- 75 -


- 76 -

Chng 6 M PHNG PSPICE A/D

6.1 Tng quan v phn mm m phng Pspice 6.1.1 Gii thiu v Pspice

K thut in l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu nhng ng dng ca cc hin tng in, t nhm bin i nng lng v tn hiu, bao gm vic thu hp , gia cng, x l, truyn ti tn hiu

thun tin cho vic tnh ton, thit k cc thit b in t, ngi ta thng thay th cc mch in thc t bng cc m hnh thay th v cc s mch in tng ng. Vic phn tch cc mch in nhm d on v kim tra kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b in t hoc nhm a ra cc sn phm ph hp vi yu cu t ra.

Phng php thc t kim tra mt mch in l xy dng chng. Tuy nhin hin nay, khi m cc thnh phn ca mt mch tch hp c kch thc ngy cng nh b th vic xy dng cc vi mch ny tr nn rt kh khn, Bn cnh , nhng tc ng vt l, m thanh, nh sng,...khng nh hng n mch in thng thng nhng li gy nhiu rt ln i vi cc vi mch. V vy, vic lp rp cc vi mch t cc thnh phn trong phng th nghim i hi nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tin bc

S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin cho php xy dng cc phn mm m phng v phn tch qu trnh lm vic ca mch in t. Khi ta c th xy dng, th nghim, kho st hot ng ca mch ng vi cc trng hp cng nh vic thay i cc thng s k thuaaj cng nh kho st nh hng ca chng n qu trnh lm vic ca mch. Do tng tnh mm do v kh nng kho st nhiu trng hp, tnh hung khc nhau

Vn kh khn khi s dng cc phn mm l tnh chnh xc ca m hnh. Nu cc m hnh khng c cc c tnh ging nh cc phn t thc th vic m phng l v ngha

Spice ( Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis ) l mt chng trnh tnh ton m phng v m hnh ha cc mch in t tng t c pht trin t nhng nm 1970 ti i hc California Berkeley

Pspice ( Power Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis ) c pht trin bi hng MicroSim, l mt trong nhng phin bn thng mi c pht trin t Spicevaf tr thnh phn mm m phng ph bin nht trn th gii. Pspice cho hp chng ta m phng cc thit k trc khi di vo xy dng phn cng. CHng trnh m phng cho php chng ta quan st ha ng ca mch cng nh nhng thay i ca cc tn hiu u vo hoc cc gi tr ca cc thnh phn trong mch in. Do c th kim tra li cc thit k xem chng c chy ng trong thc t hay khng. Pspice ch m phng v tin hnh cc php o kim tra ch khng phi l phn thit k ca mch in

6.1.2 Cc tnh nng ca Pspice Pspice c a ra th trng nhiu phin bn khc nhau, mi phin bn cung cp cc

tnh nng khc nhau ty thuc vo yu cu khch hng. Trong phn ny, ti s hng dn dng phn mm Pspice A/D i km trong b phn

mm OrCAD Pspice A/D l chng trnh dng m phng cc mch in tng t v s. Cc tnh nng chnh ca Pspice A/D:

- Phn tch xoay chiu, mt chiu, qu : Tnh nng ny cho php chng ta kim tra cc p ng cu mch in khi c cung cp u vo khc nhau. C th :

+ Phn tch mt chiu ( DC Analysis ): Cho php xc nh in p nh mc v tr s dng in cho tt c cc nt ca mch bng cch qut ton b gi tr ca in p trong mt khong do ngi dng nh ngha. iu ny c ngha khi mun xc nh ng c tnh ca cc mch in c cha cc phn t phi tuyn nh: diode, transistor,.. hoc mun xc nh in th nh mc ca cc mch khuch i

+ Phn tch qu ( Transient Analysis ) : nhm d on cc trng thi ca mch khi c cc s kin qu xy ra


- 77 -

+ Phn tch xoay chiu ( AC Analysis ) : m phng hi p tn s ca mch in, tc l ta c th quan st c cc trng thi ca mch in khi tn s ca ngun in thay i trong mt dy cho trc. Da vo ta c th tm thy tn s cng hng ca mch

- Phn tch tham s, nhy, gi tr gii hn : vi nhng tnh nng ny chng ta c th quan st nhng bin i ca mch in khi thay i cc gi tr ca cc thnh phn ca n

- Phn tch thi gian ca cc mch s cho php tm ra s c v thi gian xut hin khi kt ni cc tn hiu c tn s thp trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu

Pspice A/D cng cung cp cc m hnh ha v cc ng x ca cc thit b tng t v s, v vy chng ta c th m t cc hm chc nng ca mch in s dng cc biu thc v hm ton hc. Do c th xy dng v phn tch cc c tnh phc tp ca thit b thng quam hnh ton hc. Cc m hnh ha c xy dng trong Pspice A/D khng ch l cc in tr, in cm, in dung m cn c cc m hnh sau :

- M hnh dy dn, bao gm tr, di, tn hao, tn x v tp m - M hnh ca cun dy t phi tuyn, bao gm bo ha v t tr - M hnh ca MOSFET - M hnh ca transisitor trng c cc iu khin cch ly IGBT MOSFET - M hnh ca cc phn s vi vo ra tng t

6.2 Cc bc tin hnh m phng v phn tch mch in kho st mt mch in ni chung cng nh mt mch in t cng sut ni ring

ta tin hnh theo cc bc sau: - Xc nh m hnh cc phn t cn thit xy dng mch in. a s cc phn t ny

u c trong th vin m hnh ca chng trnh, tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp ta phi xy dng th vin mi. Vic xy dng m hnh mi i hi am hiu su sc v k thut in- in t bi v m hnh phi phn nh ng c im v tnh cht vt l ca thit b thc. M hnh cng gn vi thc t th kt qu phn tch cng ng tin cy. Mc d vy, trong mt s trng hp, khi kho. st mt s c tnh no th ta ch cn m hnh ha cc tham s, thng s lin quan n c tnh , trnh gy ra nhng phc tp khng cn thit

- Thit lp s nguyn l ca mch in cn nghin cu. Cn phi m bo chc chn rng s nguyn l c xy dng l ng n

- Chuyn i t chng trnh nguyn l sang chng trnh m hnh ha theo ngn ng chuyn dng ca phn mm ( i vi phin bn hin ti ca Pspice th vic ny l hon ton t ng ).

- Thit lp cc thng s ca s v cc tham s kho st - Tin hnh kho st:

+ Chy th chng trnh vi ch quen thuc m kt qu bit trc kim tra chnh xc ca m hnh

+ Khi m hnh hot ng t tin cy th ta tin hnh nghin cu vi cc ch cn kho st theo yu cu t ra C th vi Pspice A/D trong OrCAD ta tin hnh theo 3 bc:

- B1: Thit k mch bng CAPTURE + To mt d n Analog Or Mixed A/D + a vo cc phn t + Ni dy v hon chnh s mch

- B2: Xc nh kiu m phng + To tp tin m t + Xc nh kiu phn tch: 1 chiu, xoay chiu, qu , thi gian, tn s + Chy PSPICE

- B3: Quan st kt qu + Thm cc ng th + Phn tch dng sng

Kim tra tp tin u ra nu cn + Lu v in kt qu


- 78 -

6.3 Thit k mch bng CAPTURE V phn Capture ti hng dn c th cho cc bn phn trn, nn phn ny ti ch

hng dn nhng g lin quan ti Pspice. 6.3.1 To 1 project mi

Khi ng ca s lm vic ca Capture. Chn File -> New -> Project to project mi Ca s New project xut hin.

Trong ca s ny, bn g vo tn tp tin trong phn Name, chn th mc lu tr tp tin trong phn Location. Trong th Create a New Project Using bn nh du vo trn th nht : Analog or Mixed A/D. Nhn Ok ng to Project mi Lc ny trnh Capture m ra mt ca s Create Pspice Project, bn hy chn mc Create a blank Project trnh Capture m ra trang v trng

OK hon tt v vo vng lm vic chnh ca Capture Vi vic lin thng vi trnh Pspice A/D th thanh Capture c thm thanh cng c h tr cho vic lin thng vi Pspice.


- 79 -

y ti s m phng mch dao ng s dung IC nh thi 555, loi IC ny c dng rng ri trong mch in t tng t. S nguyn l ca 1 mch to xung dng 555 nh sau:

Cc bn thc hin vic ly linh kin v i dy hon thin mch nh hnh trn Lu :

- Th vin s dng cho trnh m phng Pspice c ly trong th vin pspice theo ng dn mc nh l: \capture\library\pspice Mt s th vin thng dng dng trong m phng Pspice bao gm:

Analog: cha cc phn t th ng ( R,L,C ), h cm, ng truyn v cc ngun dng, ngun p ph thuc( ngun p ph thuc in p E, ngun dng ph thuc dng in F, ngun dng ph thuc dng in G v ngun p ph thuc dng in H ) Source: bao gm cc loi ngun dng v ngun p c lp nh VDC, IDC, VAC , IAC , VSIN ,VEXP, xung,...

V nhiu th vin khc cha cc thnh phn ca mch in nh cc linh kin in t cng sut: diode, transistor, thyristor, mosfet, cc cng logic, cc thit b giao tip

- Cc im ni ca mch c nh du bng cc s nguyn dng, trong bt buc phi c nt s 0 v lun c hiu l im t ( Ground ). im 0 ny rt quan trng v khi chy chng trnh my s tnh ton in p gia mi nt trong mch in vi im t ny trong tng bc tnh

ly im 0 ta kch chut vo biu tng bn thanh cng c hoc nhn phm G. Hp thoi Place Groud hin ra, ta chn th vin SOURCE v chn k hiu 0


- 80 -

- Vic v mch bng Capture phc v cho trnh m phng Pspice phi tuyt i chnh

xc t vic chn linh kin n ni dy v cc thng s linh kin, nh vy vic m phng mi m bo c

- Vi cc mch dao ng bn phi t vo mch mt iu kin khi u ( lnh IC: Initial Condition). Hy m ca s Place Part v chn th vin Special ri chn tn linh kin l

IC1. Bn hy nhp chut ln ch IC ghi vo mc volr khi u ( vd : 0V ). 6.3.2 Hon thin bn v

Sau khi hon tt vic ly linh kin v i dy, cn phi gn tn v gi tr cho cc phn t. Cc nt li: Danh sch cc nt li bao gm ton b cc phn t ca mch c lit k theo cu trc c quy nh. to ra cc nt li t s mch nguyn l, ta dng lnh Pspice -> Create netlist t thc n ca chng trnh. Danh sch ny c lu trong tp tin c ui .net v c qun l bng trnh trnh qun l d n, ta c th chn vo tp tin ny xem ni dung bn trong ca n. V y l ni dung ca tp tin ng vimch ang xt:

6.4 Phn tch v m phng

6.4.1 Xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng

Trc ht hy nhp chut vo biu tng m trang phn tch mch. Ca s New Simulation xut hin:


- 81 -

g vo Name tn ca trang phn tch. Nhn phm Create m ca s chn kiu dng phn tch. Giao din nh sau:

Trong th Analysis, mc Analysis type c 4 la chn kiu phn tch chnh:

- Bias poit: dng xc inhj iu kin phn cc DC ca mt mch in. Tnh ton xong, ta s c cc mc p DC trn cc ng mch v c dng in chy qua cc nhnh ca mch

- DC Sweep: dng qut thng s DC phn tch cc c tnh ca cc linh kin in t. Nh v cc ng cong c tnh ca diode, transistor, scr, triac, cc cng logic,..Kho st mch vi cc mc ngun nui DC khc nhau...

- Time Domain ( Transient ): dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc im ca mch in ly theo bin thi gian ( y trc X ly theo bin thi gian ). N c cng dng nh bn ang dng mt my hin sng nhiu tia xem cc tn hiu trn cc im ni ca mch in. - AC Sweep/Noise: dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc ng ni ca mch in thoe bin tn s v gc pha ( trc X ly theo bin tn s hay bin gc pha ). N dng v ra ng cong p ng bin tn, pha tn camch. 6.4.2 Thc hin m phng

Trong v d trn, ban u bn hy chn cch phn tch l Bias Point v nhn OK ng Chn Pspice -> Run ( hoc biu tng trn thanh cng c )


- 82 -

quan st kt qu ca qu trnh m phng phn tch 1 chiu, ta c th m tp u ra hoc quay tr li s mch v kch vo biu tng ( cho php hin th in p dch ) hoc ( dng in dch ) hoc ( cng sut tiu tn trn cc phn t ) Kt qu ca qu trnh phn tch:

Tip theo chng ta chn cch phn tch Transient ( Trc X ly theo bin thi gian ). dng phn tch ny bn ch cn g s vo cc trng ( xem hnh ):

Trong Run to time : g vo khong thi gian phn tch Start saving data after: xc nh thi im bt u cho h tn hiu Maximum step size: chn bc in ( bc in cng nh th tn hiu in ra s cng net, hnh cng p nhng tp tin d liu ghi li trn a s ln v thi gian phn tch s ko di hn ).


- 83 -

Sau khi chn xong th nhn phm OK tr li trang v. Chn u d Volt v gn vo v tr ca chn ra OUTPUT s 3 ca IC 555. Nhn chn Run xem kt qu phn tch:

Trong trang th ny, chng ta thy tn hiu ra trn chn s 3 ca IC555 c dng xung vung. Lc ny mun xem tn hiu trn im no ca mch in th t ng d ngay trn im . Nu nh cng lc bn t ng d trn 2 chn s 6 v s 3. Chng ta s thy tn hiu trn chn 3 l dng xung vung, cn trn chn 2,6 l dng tn hiu rng ca, c hai cng hin trn 1 th

Kt qu m phng:


- 84 -

Bn c th thay i tr s ca cc linh kin trn mch in ri cho phn tch bn s thy kt qu khc.

Trn vng lm vic ca Pspice, bn nhp chut vo 2 trc ca th thay i ta v li hin th sao cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca bn


- 85 -

Bn cng c th xem cc ng biu din khc. M ca s add trace bng lnh Trace add trace... hoc biu tng trn thanh cng c. Trong ca s Function or Macro, bn chn hm cn xem, trong thanh Trace Expression chn bin cn quan st, nhn OK xem:

Ngoi ra bn c th chn ch qut DC_Sweep phn tch cc c tnh ca linh kin.


- 86 -

y l phn mm m phng mnh v c dng rt ph bin. V s dng c phn mm ny mt cch thu o i hi cc bn phi c mt kin thc chuyn su v k thut in t. Trong phn ny ti ch gii thiu khi qut v cng c m phng Pspice cc bn c th bit cch m phng mt s mch in t phc v cho vic hc tp ca mnh. Vic dng Pspice phn tch nhy, phn tch nhiu, phn tch Fourier, phn tch tham s, phn tch nhit , m phng s,...v nhiu vn khc ti s khng cp n trong ti liu ny. N s c hng dn chi tit, thu o trong mt ti liu khc chuyn bit c th gip bn c th i su vo khai thc phn mm m phng Pspice.


- 87 -

MT S BI TP V D

Bi 1. Thit k mch in cho mch bo v dng mt pha

Hng dn:

Bin tr (c tn RESISTOR VAR) cha trong th vin Discrete

AD741 cha trong th vin OPAM

Bi 2. Thit k mch in mch iu chnh v nh tc ng c


- 88 -

Hng dn:

SW 3 chu (c tn SW MAG-SPDT) nm trong th vin Discrete


- 89 -

L1: Cun dy c li FERRITE (c tn INDUCTOR FERRITE) nm trong th vin DISCRETE

Bi 3. Thit k mch in cho mch iu chnh sng n.


- 90 -

Bi 4. V mch in cho mch ghi m sau.

Hng dn:

A2

A4

A3

A9

RJ2

CO

N2

1 2

RC

50.1

UF

A0

PE

\

EO

M\

A4

RJ5

CO

N2

12

A7

RA

R1

CO

N9

123456789

A8

RD

2

OV

F\

A8

RJ4

SP

EA

KE

R

12

A6

RR

9330

A1

EO

M\

A0

CE

\

A6

A2

RC

1

0.1

UF

RJ1

CO

N8

12345678

A1

A5

A0

A1

RR

810K

RC

70.1

UF

A7

CE

\

RC

0470K

A0

A5

OV

F\

RA

R2

CO

N5

12345

VC

C

A4

RC

2

0.1

UF

A9

RR

710K

VC

C

A9

A7

A7

A3

OV

F\

RR

10

330

A5

A8

RR

41k

VC

C

RJ3

CO

N5

12345R

Q2

NP

N E

CB

3 2

1

A4

RR

24.7

UF

RQ

1N

PN

EC

B

3 2

1

SW

2

SW

DIP

-10/S

M

A5

RR

510k

A2 A

1

A8

A9

VC

C

A3

A6

PE

\

RD

1

EO

M\

PD

RC

40.1

UF

RR

1100K

A3

A2

RC

3

0.1

UF

RU

1IS

D2560

12345678

12

13

21

14

15

910

19

22

23

25

11

17

18

20

24

26

16

28

27

A0/M

0A

1/M

1A

2/M

2A

3/M

3A

4/M

4A

5/M

5A

6/M

6A

7

GN

DA

GN

D

AN

A O

UT

SP

+S

P-

A8

A9

AGC

OV

FC

EE

OM

AU

XIN

MIC

MIC

RE

FA

NA

INP

D

XC

LK

VC

C+V

CC

PE

RR

610k

RA

R3

CO

N5

12345

EO

M\

OV

F\

RC

6220U

F

RR

35K

1

A6


- 91 -

Tm linh kin ISD2560 Click chut chn PLACE PART Chn PART SEARCH (tm kim linh kin)

G tn *ISD2560* (du * thay cho mt k t bt k) click chut chn Begin

Search.

Sau khi tm xong, nu c linh kin ng tn th trong Libraries s xut hin th vin cha linh kin cn tm Chn OK

Linh kin tm thy v chn

Chnh sa linh kin sao cho ging nh s . Tt c cc linh kin cn li bit cch ly ra.


- 92 -

Bi 5. V mch in cho s mch iu khin ma trn bng thanh ghi dch

Hng dn: Tm linh kin 74595 bng cch chn PART SEARCH g tn linh kin 74*595 (* thay th cho k t bt k) Chn BEGIN SEARCH Sau khi tm thy nhn chn OK.

To ma trn led 7 on (xem li cch to linh kin)

VCC

c1

c1

9

C14

STR_R

C10C2

JOUT1

CON18

123456789

101112131415161718

H8

c9

HP4

C23

HP6

c1

1

c2

8

C30

J6

CON9

123456789

H2

CL

Rc

32

UD2

74F595/SO

14

11

10

12

13

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9

16

8

SDI

CL

K

MR

ST

RO

E

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

QS

VC

C

GN

DHP3

C18

ARR1

CON9

123456789

h2

OE

OE

R4

R

C6

DGR_OUT

c7

CLK_R

DGR_OUT

HP8

h6

HP1

HP7

ARR2

123456789C16

C9

CLK_R

STR_GR

Q2

BC213

13

2

UD1

74F595/SO

14

11

10

12

13

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9

16

8

SDI

CL

K

MR

ST

RO

E

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

QS

VC

C

GN

D

c5

h1

C1

STR_R

c2

1

H4c

13

R6

R

HP3

C22

CTR[0..4]

c1

7

C29

HP2

c2

7

H5

DR_IN

C17

CLR

Q7

BC213

1

3

2

C26

VCC

VCC

C5

DR_OUT

HP5

h5

HP5

CL

K_

GR

UX1

74F595/SO

14

11

10

12

13

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9

16

8

SDI

CL

K

MR

ST

RO

E

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

QS

VC

C

GN

D

C13

Q5

BC213

1

3

2

Q8

BC213

1

3

2c

30

HP7

Q1

BC213

1

3

2

c1

4

C28

HP4

ST

R_

GR

R7

R

DGR_IN

HP5

OE

ST

R_

GR

c1

6

CLK_GR

Q3

BC213

1

3

2

HP3

H7

C21

c6

c2

2

C25

VCC

C12

HP4

H1h4

OE

c1

8

C32

VCC

c2

6

c1

5

VCC

C4

VCC

C27

R2

R

VCC

OE

R1

R

HP1

c1

0

h8

H3

CLK_R

c8

C20

VCC

c4

HP7

HP2

c2

9C

LK

_G

R

C8

CL

R

h3

Q6

BC213

1

3

2

c2

HP1

c2

3

C31

HP8

c2

5

U200

1 2

34 5

67 8

91

0

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

C15

R3

R

VCC

C3 C11

R5

R

C24

HP8

R8

R

c1

2

HP6

h7

c3

H6

DR_OUT

HP2

C19

HP6

UX2

74F595/SO

14

11

10

12

13

15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9

16

8

SDI

CL

K

MR

ST

RO

E

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

QS

VC

C

GN

D

Q4

BC213

1

3

2

c2

4

c2

0

CLR

C7

STR_R

CLR

ARG2

123456789

VCC

U100

1 2

3

4 5

6

7 8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

c3

1


- 93 -


- 94 -

Bi 6. V mch in cho khi hin th bng led 7 on

DO4

LE

D4

D4

D6

LE

D1

LR

9

DO6

INT0

LE

D3

INT0

DO5

GIA

Y_D

DO2

CJ1

12345678910

11

12

13

14

15

16

DO0

DO0

DO0

DO6

DO

0

L7D

2

12

3

4

5

67

8910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

DO1

D1

DO1

D3

LR

6

DO3

VC

C

J3

CO

N1

1

J2

CO

N1

1

DO3

DO

5

LE

D4

LQ

3

2 3

1

DO6

VC

C

DO2

LQ

2

2 3

1

LR

5

LE

D1

KC

2

12

LR

14

INT1

DO

4

DO4

LE

D3

LR

13

LR

4

DO

3LR

12

KC

1

12

DO5

L7D

1

12

3

4

5

67

8910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

L7D

3

12

3

4

5

67

8910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

DO3

LD

S7

LE

D

12

DO4

LQ

1

2 3

1

DO1

LR

11

DO6

LR

2

LR

7

VC

C

LE

D2

DO0

VC

C

DO4

GIA

Y

LR

3

LE

D2

LR

15

DO

2

LR

1

DO

[0..7

]

LR

10

DO5

J4

CO

N1

1

LQ

4

2 3

1

L7D

4

12

3

4

5

67

8910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

LD

S6

LE

D

12

DO

6

SW

17

12

LR

8

D0

J1

CO

N1

1IN

T1

DO2

LR

17

150

DO5

D5

SW

18

12

DO2

DO3

DO

1D

2

DO1

CU

01

23456789

19 1

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

2010

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

G DIR

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

VCCGND


- 95 -

VC

C

CL

R

CR

110K

CA

R1

4K

7

123456789

DL

Q1

C8

28

1

23

U3

DS

12

88

7

19

23

2412

45678910

11

14

17

1

18

15

13

IRQ

SQ

W

VCCGND

AD

0A

D1

AD

2A

D3

AD

4A

D5

AD

6A

D7

AS

DS

MOT

RS

T

R/W

CS

PC

4

104

H6

P1.2

AD

7

VC

C

AD

1

P2.5

RS

T

VC

C

AD

4P

1.2

J2

CO

N1

1

P2.4

PD

2LE

D

12

MO

SI

AD

2

P1.4

STR

_R

OE

VC

C

P1.1

AD

5

IRQ

H5

CS

W1

1 2

MO

SI

- +

PD

1CAU

DIO

DE

3

1

2

4

DG

R_

IN

PC

2103

RR

3RV

CC

VC

C

DL

C1

10U

F

12

AD

2

AD

4

J5

CO

N1

1

U6

74A

BT2

45

23456789

19 1

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

20

10

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

G DIR

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

VC

CG

ND

RJ0

CO

N3

1 2 3

DL

R2

10K

DA

TA

_R

EM

OTE

P1.3

DR

_IN

DA

TA

_R

EM

OTE

VC

C

CU

00

89S

8252

29

30

40

20

3119

18

9

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

12345678

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

PS

EN

ALE

VCC

GND

EAX1

X2

RS

T

P0.0

/AD

0P

0.1

/AD

1P

0.2

/AD

2P

0.3

/AD

3P

0.4

/AD

4P

0.5

/AD

5P

0.6

/AD

6P

0.7

/AD

7

P1.0

P1.1

P1.2

P1.3

P1.4

P1.5

_M

OS

IP

1.6

_M

ISO

P1.7

_S

CK

P2.0

/A8

P2.1

/A9

P2.2

/A10

P2.3

/A11

P2.4

/A12

P2.5

/A13

P2.6

/A14

P2.7

/A15

P3.0

/RXD

P3.1

/TXD

P3.2

/INT0

P3.3

/INT1

P3.4

/T0

P3.5

/T1

P3.6

/WR

P3.7

/RD

PR

23K

3

P1.3

RS

T

VC

C

CA

R2

4K

7

123456789

CL

K_

GR

RR

1

4K

7

VC

C

SC

K

P2.2

P2.7

PJ1

PO

WE

R_

AC

/DC

1 2

MO

SI

P2.3

SC

KWR

\

P2.0

DL

R3

470

MIS

O

H4

RQ

0

C8

28

AD

3

P1.4

RR

2

4K

7

VC

C

WR

\

P1.2

IRQ

INT_

RE

MO

TE

SC

K

RR

0

10K

CA

R0

4K

7

123456789

PD

3

5.6

V

DL

R1

10K

MIS

O

VC

C

SC

K

ALE

CJ0

2_

CO

N9

123456789

C2

VC

C

VC

CV

CC

AD

7

CL

K_

R

H3

J3

CO

N1

1

VC

C

MIS

O

P1.0

P1.1

DL

D1

LE

D

12

H7

AD

0

AD

1

P1.1

PC

1

220

0U

F

MIS

O

J4

CO

N1

1

CY

01

ZTA

P2.1

P2.6

INT_

RE

MO

TE

Q1

H1

06

1

23

1

VC

C

P1.4

RD

\

CJ0

6

CO

N6

123456

RD

\

AD

5

AD

0S

TR

_G

R

H2

RD

1

LE

D

12

C1

P1.0

U5

74A

BT2

45

23456789

19 1

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

20

10

A0

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7

G DIR

B0

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

VC

CG

ND

AD

6

VC

C

AD

3

P1.0

H1

PR

13K

3

P1.3

AD

6

H8

CC

01

10U

F

MO

SI

J1

CO

N1

8

12345678910

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18


- 96 -

AD

1

D0

10

D0

14

D0

13

OU

1

DM

74L

S5

73

23456789

111

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

10 20

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

LE

OE

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

GND VCC

AD

5

AD

2

AD

7

VD

D D03

VC

C

VD

D

D0

6

AD

7

D0

9

P1

CO

NN

EC

TO

R D

B25

13

25

12

24

11

23

10

22

921

820

719

618

517

416

315

214

1

OU

21

UL

N2

80

3

12345678

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

I0I1I2I3I4I5I6I7

O0

O1

O2

O3

O4

O5

O6

O7

CO

MG

ND

L7C

H1

23

1

4

5

67

8910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

D8

D0

D2

VC

C

D6

VD

D

VC

C

L7C

H2

23

1

4

8

67

5910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

DO

NV

I

CH

UC

D1

2

D0

2

AD

0

D5

L7D

V2

23

1

4

8

67

5910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

D1

3

D0

5D

4A

D3

D1

5

D3

OU

2

DM

74L

S5

73

23456789

111

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

10 20

D0

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

LE

OE

Q0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

GND VCC

AD

1

AD

6

D0

7

AD

4

D0

4

AD

6

D1

1

D7

D1

AD

2

D1

0A

D3

L7D

V1

23

1

4

5

67

8910

ed

a1

c

p

ba

a2fg

AD

5

OU

11

UL

N2

80

3

12345678

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

I0I1I2I3I4I5I6I7

O0

O1

O2

O3

O4

O5

O6

O7

CO

MG

ND

AD

0D

01

D0

0

D1

4

D0

8

VD

D

AD

4

D0

15

D0

12

D0

11

D9


- 97 -

R11

1K

C4

22N

IN3

R2310K

C9100n

C1210n

C7

10n

OU

T1

C8

15n

R427k

C1047n

R533K

-12V

OU

T2

0

R11K

R16

27K

R327k

-12V

C5

100n

U2A

TL08232

84

1

+-

V+V- OU

T

0

+12V

R2410K

0

C322N

0

+12V

R26

27K

R1315K

0

U1B

TL08256

84

7

+-

V+V- OU

T

0

J1CON

3

123

0

R21

1K

0

C1

150n

R26

33K

OU

T3

C2

150n

668n

IN1

0

IN2

0 0

0

U1A

TL08232

84

1

+-

V+V- OU

T

C1110n

R12

1M

R22

1M

J2CON

3

123

R627K

R1415K

R15

33K

R21M

R9

10K

R44K

7

OU

T2

U2B

TL08256

84

7

+-

V+V- OU

T

-12V

U4ATL082

32

84

1

+-

V+V- OU

T

0

R16

10K

+12V

R34K

7

0

-12V

0

U4B

TL08256

84

7

+-

V+V- OU

T

+12V

C9

10N

OU

T1

+-

U1LF

39838

5124

67

+12V

R144K

7

R17

4K7

R24K

7

0

0

OU

T1

R124K

7

+12V

C310N

R7

4K7

J3CON

2

12

-12V

C510N

0

C11n

R12M

2

C71nLOW

PASS

FILTER

0

C610N

R812K

C12

10N

0O

UT2

R610K

C11

10N

+-

U3LF

39838

5

124

67

-12V

R11

2M2

J2IN2

1 2

0

R19

10K

R15

1K2

U2A

TL08232

84

1

+-

V+V- OU

T

R13

4K7

0

C8

1UF

C10

10N

0

J1IN1

1 2

LOW

PASS

FILTER

0

R51K

2

C410N

C2

1UF

R18

12K


- 98 -

Bi 7 Mch ngun

cho mch c gn khi i dy cc bn s dng chc nng t nhn ng mch bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng Place net alias bn thanh cng c phi

t tn cho nhn trong khung Alias, mu ch trong khung Color, v mun thay i nh dng ch th nhp vo nt Change... trong khung Font t nhn vo v tr i dy ph hp, lm tng t cho u dy cn li, cc ngmch c chung nhn s c t ng ni vi nhau khi chuyn qua Layout Plus Chc nng ny rt hu dng, nht l khi thit k mch phc tp, s dng nhiu IC,... To nhn ng mch s cho mch nguyn l gn hn v thm m hn


- 99 -

Cc bn c th sp xp linh kin theo hnh di

Cc thng s v rng ng mch ca mch trn c cho nh hnh:


- 100 -


- 101 -

Bi 8 Mch n LED rt ui

S b tr linh kin

Chn lp BOTTOM, thay i rng ng mch ph hp ri chn ch chy dy t ng


- 102 -

Sau khi chy dy t ng, vn cn mt s ng mch cha chy c, ta phi tin hnh v bng tay , to jumper cho ng mch cn li.

Chn ch v tay Edit Segmaent Mode , nhp chut vo ng mch cn

v, di chuyn n v tr ph hp, chy ht cc ng mch cn li nh l cc ng mch khng ct nhau

Tr v ch Component Tool , nhp chut phi, chn th New... Xut hin hp thoi sau


- 103 -

Nhp chut vo khung Footprint... tm chn linh kin cho via

Nhp chn OK t vo v tr cn to VIA, cc jumper ny khi lm mch chng ta phi tin hnh hn dy Mch sau khi to cc jumper, v chnh sa ph hp nh hnh di

Tin hnh ph mass cho mch to bn mch hon chnh, chn text nu mun


- 104 -


- 105 -

Bi 9 Mch ng h s n gin

S b tr linh kin


- 106 -

Chn v mch 1 lp ( BOTTOM ), chnh kch thc rng ng mch ph hp Autoroute mch in ta c kt qu nh hnh

Kim tra mch, to via cho cc jumper, ph mass v ta c mch hon chnh nh sau


- 107 -

b tr linh kin trn board


- 108 -

Mch iu khin ti bng m thanh

Mch n ging sinh

Mch to xung 1kHz


- 109 -

Mch bo v qu p

Mch kha s

Mch relay bo v dng 1 pha


- 110 -

Mch relay bo v dng 3 pha

Mch ng h vn nin Mch ny gn v thm m th cc bn nn thit k board 2 lp ( TOP, BOTTOM ). Khi iu khin


- 111 -

Khi hin th

Khi hin th


- 112 -

Cc jumper

Documents

tailieu orcad.pdf