SAMPLE LECTURE SLIDES

Take a look at these to get an idea of the course’s lectures

THE ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE ENVIRONMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:What is sustainable development?

How do consumer practices contribute to environmental degradation in the South?

Is there a connection between environmental destruction and social conflict? Is Tad Homer-Dixon right?

NATURAL RESOURCES AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

How effective is international

law? What measures has Canada taken in the past to

protect its coastal and

marine environment?

How could

Canada

protect its

West and East

coast

fisheries?

Are

submarines

and

helicopters

necessary?

Was Brian

Tobin right to

fire at Spanish

fishing

trawlers?

CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE ENVIRONMENT

THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GAIA: THE MOTHER OF ALL:

Named after the Greek earth goddess Gaia (pronounced GUY-ah), the hypothesis contends that the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living things are part of a giant interdependent system (much like a tree). Taken together, they form a planetary being or giant organism that constantly maintains conditions in which life can survive.

- Dr. James Lovelock, 1969

The components of the Earth, including air, land and water; all layers of the atmosphere; all organic and living organisms; the interacting natural systems that include previously referred to items (the biophysical environment); and those aspects of the human, economic, social, cultural and health environments which interact directly and indirectly with the biophysical environment.

Aspects of human life that have a direct effect

on the environment

Life in General

Life

essential

element

s

WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT'?

Development which ensures that the utilization of resources and the environment today does not damage prospects for their use by future generations.

- The Canadian Council of Resource and Environment Ministers Report of the National Task Force on the Environment and the Economy

The term sustainable development has been used since the 1970s. It is the trademark of international organizations dedicated to achieving environmentally benign or beneficial development. The term suggests that the lessons of ecology can be applied to economic processes.

TUTORIAL #7 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

What do we know about the causes of terrorism?

What sorts of people commit suicide terrorism?

How can this type of terrorism be prevented?

Are Canada’s efforts in Afghanistan contributing to terrorism?

What other methods could be used to stop it?

Should the Internet be censored to prevent terrorism from spreading?

WHAT TYPES OF ‘TERRORIST’ THREATS CAN WE EXPECT?

Skyjacking and shooting down airplanes Bombing (dynamite Semtex) Hostage-takings and kidnappings

WHAT TYPES OF ‘TERRORIST’ THREATS CAN WE EXPECT?

mass (‘superterrorism’) using atomic, biological, chemical (ABC) weapons.

Rogue states or independent terrorist groups going nuclear

Bombing or seizing strategic facilities (e.g. nuclear power plants)

‘LAST BEST CHANCE’ MOVIE

Go to

http://www.lastbestchance.org/index_flash.html

Watch the flash Students in 231 E, please think carefully before you

decide to go to any more URLs that are cited on this PowerPoint lecture. Think about whether you want to get a security clearance in the future; whether you want to work for the federal government (especially CSIS); and think about whether you need to use your own computer to go onto these sites. I would caution you to use another computer.

WHAT TYPES OF ‘TERRORIST’ THREATS CAN WE EXPECT?

MORE TYPES OF TERRORIST ACTIVITIES THAT WE CAN EXPECT…….SEE THE FBI WEBSITE: HTTP://WWW.FBI.GOV/ABOUTUS.HTM

Destruction of the infrastructureof the information superhighway (‘cyber

war’) computer virusesthat bombard sensitive

networks countries (e.g. China)

attacking MNCs and infiltrating sensitive sites

Covert or overt threats to contaminate cities (e.g. water supplies)

Increased emphasis on ‘television happenings’ (e.g. Olympics)

Staging of acts and making of videotapes to seize public attention

MORE TYPES OF TERRORIST ACTIVITIES THAT WE CAN EXPECT…….SEE THE FBI WEBSITE: HTTP://WWW.FBI.GOV/ABOUTUS.HTM

Rise of ethnic, tribal and religious animosities

Will we see an increase in terrorism due to ethnic and religious conflict?

WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS AND COSTS OF EXPANDING NATO MEMBERSHIP?

1st Round of NATO Enlargement:

• Czech Republic

• Hungary

• Poland

2ND ROUND ON MAY 1, 2004

Bulgaria Romania Slovenia Slovakia Estonia Latvia Lithuania

RUSSIAN PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN AND NATO SECRETARY-GENERAL JAVIER SOLANA AFTER SIGNING THE FOUNDING ACT AT THE PARIS SUMMIT ON 27 MAY 1997.

Most Russians opposed NATO enlargement

Erika Simpson, “Expanding membership of NATO could be risky,” London Free Press, January 29, 1997.

Erika Simpson, “New Threats to the Alliance’s Security and Strategies to Reform NATO,” forthcoming, The Transatlantic Quarterly, Winter 2004.

• Every political party in Russia opposed NATO expansion

DO WE RUN THE RISK OF INCITING OLD HATREDS, NEW INSECURITIES AND MORE PARANOID LEADERSHIP?

Erika Simpson, “Russian weapons a world concern,” London Free Press, August 10, 1999 (also in “The greater threat from Russia,” Metro Europe, August 10, 1999, p. 6)

THE COSTS OF INSECURITY: SPHERES OF INFLUENCE AND A RENEWED ARMS RACE?

Could NATO expansion incite Russia to extend its sphere of influence into the ‘near abroad’ (e.g. Belarus, Ukraine)?

Could the rearmament of Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland contribute to a new arms race in Central Europe?

Will NATO enlargement create new dividing lines in Europe?

THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF EXPANDING NATO MEMBERSHIP

Could decisions to increase our security decrease Russian security, possibly leading to arms spirals and renewed confrontation?

Could we be caught in a new ‘security dilemma’?

ARTICLE V: AN ATTACK AGAINST ONE IS AN ATTACK AGAINST ALL

What might be the benefits and costs of extending Article 5 protection?

Evolution of NATO’s deterrence strategy

Paragraph 46 : “Nuclear weapons make a unique contribution in rendering the risks of aggression against the Alliance incalculable and unacceptable. Thus, they remain essential to preserve peace.”

• 1950s: Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)• 1960s: Flexible Response• 1990s: New Strategic Concept

Erika Simpson, “NATO’s nuclear strategy and the Middle Power Initiative,” Metro Europe, December 8, 1999, p. 6

1. REDUCTION IN CFE TRUDEAU PROMISED REVIEW OF DEFENCE/FOREIGN POLICY IF ELECTED

2. Lessons about Canada's Role in NATO:

Why did Canada decide not to become a nuclear power?

What beliefs prompted some Canadian leaders to defend the nuclear option and urge the deployment of Canadian Forces in Europe?

Why did others condemn the country's nuclear commitments and call for an end to the arms race?

3. FUTURE ISSUES:

• What are the implications for Canada of supporting the U.S. Ballistic Missile Project?

• What are the implications of the new U.S. doctrine of pre-emptive warfare?

• What are the implications of the new war on terrorism and possibly a ‘global’ NATO? What are our alternatives?

• Should Canada commit to NATO and how?

THE IMPLICATIONS OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENCE, PRE-EMPTIVE WARFARE, THE WAR ON TERRORISM, AND POSSIBLY A ‘GLOBAL NATO’

What are the implications for Canada of supporting the U.S. Ballistic Missile Project?

WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA OF SUPPORTING THE U.S. BALLISTIC MISSILE PROJECT?

See my Workshop Report on Ballistic Missile Defence, to be written on January 27-28, 2005 in Atlanta, Georgia.

What are the implications of the new U.S. doctrine of pre-emptive warfare?

Erika Simpson, "Redefining Security," The McNaughton Papers, vol. 1, (Toronto: Canadian Institute for Strategic Studies, 1991), pp. 57-75.

Erika Simpson, “Advancing Human Security,” Report of Pugwash Canada meeting, July 20, 2002, for distribution to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pugwash International Council, and all Pugwash Canada members, 22 pp.

• OLD IDEAS ABOUT DEFENDING NATO’S TERRITORY NO LONGER APPLY.

What are the implications of the new war on terrorism for possibly a ‘global’ NATO?

ROGUE STATES THREATEN THE SECURITY OF NATO ALLIES

Erika Simpson, Institute for Global Economics and The Korea Foundation, International Next Generation Leaders’ Forum, (Proceedings of the Fourth Forum, September 1-6, 1997, Seoul, Korea, 1998), pp. 74-75, 83-84, 108-109, 116.

IF ROGUE STATES LIKE CUBA, IRAQ, LIBYA, AND NORTH KOREA THREATEN INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, WHAT STRATEGIES CAN ALLEVIATE THESE TENSIONS?

Erika Simpson, “Games, Strategies, and Human Security,” Perspectives on Human Security: National Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention, edited by M.V. Naidu, (Brandon, Manitoba: Canadian Peace Research and Education Association, 2001), pp. 139-49

“Chretien is used to not doing what they (the US) want” - Luxembourg prime minister

Transcript of the Prime Minister’s Comments to other NATO leaders at a NATO meeting:

“I make it my policy. But it’s popular. The Cuba affair, I was the first to stand up…(unclear). You have to do it carefully because they’re friends.”

CHRETIEN EXPLAINS THE BENEFITS OF ‘ISSUE LINKAGE’

“We have a problem with the fisheries in British Columbia. So I meet him in Denver. Madame Albright meets my foreign affairs minister. Let’s say that we’re asking 20, they offer 16. So I say, oh, let’s slice it down the middle. He says ‘yeah’. So that’s the one problem out of the way.”

The Nunn-lugar plan

“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” – Albert Einstein

Thank you!