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Tanyard

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Summer Studio 2002The University of Georgia

College of Environment and Design

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Class Participants:

Dean Jack Crowley, course instructor

Brandon AndersonKaipo AwanaChrissy BrooksJessica BueschingJ. Victoria CollinsDavid EldenLaura EnglandSue HerbertSarah HibbsSara HoffmanKevin KirscheJoy LongLibby OrmesEmily PattersonElizabeth SudduthRachel WallaceHeidi Wilcox

Contents

Summary and Objectives 2History 3Education and Outreach 5Stormwater Management 6Vegetation/Aquatic Habitat 7Reference Conditions 8Tanyard Branch Design

Conceptual Design 9Design Proposal A 11Design Proposal B 15

Maps, ChartsVegetation Suggestions 18Building Identification 19Design A-Conceptual 20Design A-Detailed 21Design B-Conceptual 22Design B-Detailed 23Floodplain Cross Sections 24

s u m m a r y a n do b j e c t i v e s

Course Objectives

•Develop a plan to transform TanyardBranch into a clean and stable waterresource that offers recreational andeducational opportunities to the UGAcampus and Athens community

•Propose ways to incorporate TanyardBranch into the UGA campus master plan

•Identify sources that contribute toTanyard’s degradation and offer possible solutions

•Educate the community on the currentproblems with the Tanyard Branchenvironment, how these conditionsoccurred, and what improvements canbe made to prevent further degradation

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Degraded urban streams are a growing problem across thenation. Watershed and riparian deforestation, road crossings, pipesand culverts, toxic pollutants, and impervious surfaces all contributeto the threats that face our urban streams. Tanyard Branch, whichruns through The University of Georgia campus and beneath SanfordStadium, illustrates many of these problems facing urban streams.Currently, approximately 50% of Tanyard Branch is piped, the chan-nel banks and streambed are highly eroded, the water does not meetwater quality regulations, the stream has a very poor habitat forinsects and aquatic life, and the stream itself is cut off from human interactions.

Students from ecology and environmental design workedtogether through the summer to develop a plan to transform TanyardBranch from its current unhealthy state to a clean and stable watersource that serves as a recreational, educational, and visual asset tothe UGA campus and community. One of the goals of the class is to have this plan integrated into the UGA campus master plan.

The two final design proposals include a conceptual plan forrestoring all reaches of Tanyard Branch on UGA property as well asa detailed plan for restoring the main reach of Tanyard between theconfluence of the two branches, located at the Baxter Street/LumpkinStreet intersection, and the Sanford Stadium culvert. Geomorphicreference data acquired from North Carolina State University’sStream Restoration Institute for southeastern piedmont streams wasused to help design a new channel, and a hydrologic modeling pro-gram was used to calculate the dimensions for a 2-year bankfull chan-nel and 100-year floodplain channel. Students also created detailedreports on monitoring plans for the creek, educational and outreachprograms, greenway design ideas, stormwater management sugges-tions, and vegetation studies for the area. The designs incorporateideas proposed in the UGA master plan while considering impacts toTanyard and possible improvements to the health and quality of Tanyard Branch and its surrounding habitat.

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h i s t o r y

The appearance and quality ofTanyard Branch has changed much overthe years. A series of historic maps andaerial photos of the Athens-ClarkeCounty region illustrate the progressionfrom a sinuous, unrestrained streamchannel to a straightened, culverted, andhighly degraded urban stream. Even asearly as 1874, much of the TanyardBranch watershed had been urbanized.However, a riparian corridor was main-tained and the stream was allowed toflow freely. An 1893 map shows theaddition of a city reservoir on Tanyard’sSouth Branch, where the UGA Legionpool is located today. A 1909 bird’s-eyeview of Athens confirms the presence ofthe city reservoir and a meanderingstream channel. At this point, the mapshows that Tanyard still maintains a nat-ural sinuous path of waterflow. Thegrowth of the community aroundTanyard from 1909 to 1924 leads to thealteration of the stream channel. A 1924Ben Epps aerial photo from the IowaState University Special CollectionsLibrary Warren Manning Collectionsuggests that the stream was moved tothe edge of the valley bottom to makeroom for the old UGA baseball field.By 1959, the reservoir is gone. A 1959Athens map drawn specifically to showdrainage patterns locates many first-order tributaries flowing freely intoTanyard Branch, almost all of which arepiped today. The 1993 aerial photoreveals a highly urbanized watershed.Today, the historically meanderingstream has been transformed into achannelized stream with a 0.782 square-mile watershed, 74% of which is cov-ered by impervious surfaces, and only

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1874 map of Athens, Georgia

1909 bird’s-eye view of Athens, Georgia

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21% of the area remaining forested.The free-flowing stream evident in the historic photos of

Athens-Clarke County is now a highly channelized structure. Manyof the natural curves characteristic of a healthy stream have beeneliminated, creating straight paths that keep the stream away frombuildings constructed near the stream bed. In addition, survey datataken by the students in this course indicated that the reach of Tanyardby the Tate parking lot is not flowing in its original channel, but waspushed to the edge of the valley against steep bluffs on the south bankto make room for campus activities. Our survey data suggests that thehistorical channel flowed through the center of the existing TateCenter parking lot. Our designs propose building a new channel forTanyard in the historic location.

1993 aerial photo of Athens, Georgia and the University of Georgiacampus

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Restoring Tanyard Branch is acooperative process involving scientificprinciples, ecological concerns, andpublic support. Education is a crucialand on-going step in the restoration ofTanyard Branch. Efforts to restoreTanyard Branch can provide a real-lifeexample to the public, explaining whythe stream is impaired and what can bedone to help the situation. During thedesign process, a team of studentsdeveloped an education and outreachplan to inform the Athens-ClarkeCounty community about the problems facing Tanyard Branch.

Community InteractionEncouraging community inter-

action is one of the key methods tomaintaining the restoration activities onTanyard Branch. Incorporating publicsupport of the process insures therestoration process will continue overtime. Personal interviews and surveysare one method of gathering informa-tion about past activities on the creek.Organized public meetings offer ameans to gather input on the initialstages of the process and to continueincorporating community ideas into theproject. Public support is necessary to the success of the project.

In addition to direct person toperson contact, the media is anothermethod for generating support for theTanyard restoration project. Articles inlocal papers, radio advertisementsdescribing events or walking tours,internet websites, videos documentingthe process, and a project logo are allrecommended methods for advertisingthe project. The goal should be to target

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the community and raise awareness of both the problems and potential solutions.

Displays and SignageInterpretive signs, strategically placed along Tanyard Branch

and in highly visible areas, play a large role in educating the publicabout Tanyard and the restoration process as a whole. Themes of these signs may include:

•History•Ecology—including the function of stream ecosystems•Biology—including aquatic, terrestrial, and plant life characteristic

of the region•Community and University life near and around the stream•Aesthetic considerations in the design process•Stream restoration project—including the purpose, function, and

goals

School InvolvementBy teaching younger children about the natural processes of

a stream and the causes of harm to the system, we increase thechances of the younger generation’s involvement and concern for thesystem as they grow into adults. A storm drain stenciling projectoffers a method for student clubs to participate. A “Stream Eco-kit,”or packet of information, activities, and projects on stream restora-tion, could provide teachers with a series of activities and lessons thatcreate a unit on streams. Work days, water quality sampling events,and stream clean-ups encourage both students and community members to participate in the restoration process.

MonitoringTo ensure the restoration efforts on Tanyard Branch are suc-

cessful, it is important to monitor the changes of the water quality andstream habitat over time. UGA professors could continue to incorpo-rate water quality analyses, invertebrate studies, and fish samplingsinto their curriculums each year, building a larger database for futurereference. Yearly monitoring on a more basic level could take placethrough the elementary/middle/high school levels if a teacherincludes stream restoration or stream ecology into the curriculum.

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s t o r m w a t e r m a n a g e m e n t

Stormwater management was amajor concern in the design phase of theTanyard restoration proposal process.Stormwater runoff from impervious sur-faces causes significant damage to thehealth of a stream system. In urban set-tings, such as the Tanyard Branch basin,streams suffer from:

•Channel instability—eroded banks and stream beds

•Increased peak stormflows•Reduced baseflows•Water quality impairment, including

increased temperatures, toxic pollu-tants (metals, petroleum, and pesti-cides), nutrients, turbidity, and sediment

•Habitat degradation•Biological impairment

The traditional method of deal-ing with stormwater is by conveyance.Storm drains, street gutters, culverts,pipes, and outfalls all channelize rainwater into pipes which carry the waterto the nearest stream. These rapid con-veyance methods lead to the physical,chemical, and biological degradation ofstreams. Detention methods, includingwet detention ponds, dry detentionponds, and stormwater wetlands, canhelp reduce the high peak stormflowscharacteristic of urban streams, yetthese methods do little to address waterquality. Stormwater restoration, whichfocuses on the cause of the degradationto the stream, attempts to repair thewater cycle in urban watersheds.Infiltration is the main method for shift-ing the balance of water in urban water-sheds from surface water back towards

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groundwater. The Tanyard Branch restoration design proposalsinclude several infiltration techniques, including rain gardens, porouspavers, and green roofs. A group of students researched variousmethods of stormwater management, ranging from detention ponds toporous pavement to rain gardens. The following paragraphs give abrief explanation of several of the methods for stormwater manage-ment proposed in the Tanyard Branch restoration design.

Porous pavement is a permeable surface which allows rain-fall to infiltrate the subgrade. It reduces the quantity of surface waterrunoff and stream peak flows and the amount of non-point sourcewater pollution. In addition, porous pavement increases the ground-water recharge and subsequently stream base flow increases. Not allstormwater infiltrates through the porous pavement, and some runoffwill still occur. Porous pavers come in many forms and can con-tribute to the aesthetic appearance of a site while aiding in stormwater management.

Green roofs are vegetated external coverings (or roofs) onbuildings. They can retain an average of 75% of rain water that fallsin the vegetation and soil layers. When the soil reaches saturation, theexcess water trickles slowly to an outlet. Excess water can be chan-neled into cisterns for later use. In addition to reducing stormwaterrunoff, green roofs reduce heat reflection into the atmosphere andhelp to reduce the heating and cooling costs of the building itself.

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Vegetation Suggestions

Restoring the vegetative habitat along the Tanyard ripariancorridor is an important step in restoring the health of the stream envi-ronment. A team of students researched the typical plant communitycomposition along stream corridors in the Georgia piedmont. Theteam developed a list of suggested plant communities for the riparianzone and uplands. The species list included at the end of this docu-ment offers a general guideline and is not an all-inclusive list of pos-sible species to be planted within the Tanyard riparian zone.

Aquatic Habitat

To support a healthy fish population, streams need a diverserange of habitats to handle a variety of habitat preferences or activi-ties. There are many types of habitats found within a stream, and itis the unique combination of habitat types that makes an aquatic com-munity successful. A group of students researched the aquatic habi-tat types found along the Oconee River and its tributaries. The fol-lowing list describes the types of habitats needed to restore healthyfish levels in Tanyard Branch:

•Clean, large sediment, consisting of pebble and cobble, for spawning and feeding

•Bedrock for feeding and cover•Pools, especially deep pools (relative to the size of the stream), to

provide important refuge during drought or low flows•Riffles, for feeding and spawning, are especially important for

small-bodied fishes•Woody debris for feeding and cover

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As already mentioned, the cur-rent channel for Tanyard is south of itshistoric location, and it is currentlyeroding into very steep bluffs on thesouth bank. The south bank is overthree vertical meters of exposed claydue to this bank erosion and downcut-ting (incision) of the stream bed. Due tothe topography and extreme problemswith erosion and channel incision in thischannel, it would be infeasible and per-haps impossible to restore a naturalchannel with floodplain connection inthis unnatural channel location.Therefore, our designs propose the con-struction of a new channel for the TateCenter reach of Tanyard in its historiclocation which is in the middle of the Tate Center parking lot.

Channelization (i.e. channelstraightening) is another serious prob-lem in Tanyard Branch today. Many ofthe natural curves and meanders of thestream have been lost, and the streamitself is culverted and hidden from view.To construct a stable and natural streamchannel design that that will improvethe habitat quality in and aroundTanyard, the class looked at referencedata for North Carolina Piedmontstreams from the North Carolina StreamRestoration Institute. The NorthCarolina piedmont reference streamdata set included reference channeldimensions (i.e. sinuosity, width:depthratio, and meander belt width:widthratio) useful in designing an appropriatecross-sectional channel shape and pat-tern (in terms of aerial view) for the newrestored channel. In the future, it willbe necessary to identify a stream in theGeorgia Piedmont and use this informa-

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tion as a source of reference data for future Tanyard improvements. To complete the hydrologic modeling process that allowed

estimation of an appropriate channel size (cross-sectional dimen-sions) for the restored channel, the watershed area was assessed. Thewatershed outlet was identified as the upstream end of the SanfordStadium culvert on the University of Georgia campus. A 1993 DigitalOrthophotography Quarter-Quadrangle (DOQQ) for Clarke Countyfrom the Georgia GIS Data Clearinghouse website served as a basefor the process. The watershed boundaries were drawn by hand on adigital contour map (5 foot interval), and using ERDAS Imagine GISsoftware, the land cover types within the watershed were classifiedinto three categories: 1) impervious cover, which includes all pave-ment, concrete, and roof surfaces, 2) forest cover, and 3) shadow, asource of error resulting from the time of day in which the photo wastaken. (Table 1) The Imagine program was unable to distinguishbetween paved surfaces and lawns/grassy areas, and as a result, thepercentage of impervious surface is slightly overestimated. However,this overestimate incorporates a conservative measure into the cre-ation of a stream channel that will be able to convey the desireddesign flow (a 100 year flood event) that can accommodate a smallincrease in future impervious ground cover as urbanization in the watershed region continues to grow.

Using watershed area and impervious cover, flood magni-tudes for various flood recurrence intervals were calculated.Specifically, calculations for 2-year and 100-year floods were used inthe design process of the Tanyard Branch restoration. The 2-year datawas used to establish the size of the bankfull channel and allow forfloodplain connectivity on an approximate biennial basis, and the100-year flood data was used to estimate the size of the floodplainchannel, thus protecting nearby structures from flood damage during large storms.

g e o m o r p h i c r e f e r e n c e c o n d i t i o n s , w a t e r s h e d , a n dh y d r o l o g i c a s s e s s m e n t

Watershed Parameter GIS Analysis Results

Watershed area in square miles 0.782

Watershed % (forested) 20.7

Watershed % (impervious) 73.8

Watershed % (shadow--photo error) 5.4

Table 1: GIS analysis results for Tanyard Branch Watershed

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The central theme behind thedesign is to establish a connectionbetween the Athens community, theUGA population, and a restoredTanyard Branch. Paths and otherdesigned elements are intended to con-nect the Athens community with thecampus community, and ultimately linkthese two groupings back to the creek.By making the stream and surroundinghabitat the focal element of central cam-pus, students, citizens, and educatorswill become more aware of the prob-lems facing an urban stream and takemeasures to ensure the health of the sys-tem in the future. Restoring Tanyard toa natural, healthy state is the ultimategoal of the design. Many of the build-ings/architectural elements included inthe conceptual and detailed plans arederived from proposals made on theUniversity of Georgia Campus MasterPlan. The Building Identification mapat the end of this document distinguish-es between existing structures and thoseproposed on the UGA campus masterplan and by the summer studio course.

Physical Structures

•Elevated Pulaski extension—Based onconcepts from the Campus MasterPlan, this concept extends PulaskiStreet straight across Baxter Street andjoins with Lumpkin Street. This streetextension is elevated allowing bothbranches of Tanyard to flow freelybelow the street. Paths, walkways,and a proposed greenway systemaround Tanyard all run unobstructedbeneath this elevated street. The finalsection of Baxter Street is also elevat-

ed so that it intersects with the Pulaski Extension.•Greenway system along all reaches of Tanyard.•Alluvial fan structure to slowly infiltrate rain water back into

ground.•Rain gardens located throughout the area to collect storm runoff.

New buildings:

•Special collections library•Additional dorm space•Eco-dorm complex—The buildings of this dorm complex, located

on the South Branch, are oriented to maximize solar energy. Thebuildings have green roofs, and a series of rain gardens collect any excess rain runoff.

•Education center—One of the main goals of the project is not onlyto restore the stream, but to show individuals what is being done andwhy. The center, located next to the proposed parking deck, pro-vides direct stream access and allows for interaction with the stream.Professors in all disciplines can hold classes in the space, and thecenter offers a place for community clubs and organizations to holdmeetings. This building can serve as a permanent monitoring sta-tion to continue gathering information from Tanyard Branch.

•Parking deck—Located off of the Pulaski Extension along the northbranch of Tanyard, this parking deck has a green roof and terracedplantings along the back side of the structure facing the stream. Thebuilding itself is next to the education center and offers an opportu-nity to teach individuals who come to the center about the benefits of green roofs.

•Visiting professor village—These small housing units offer a loca-tion for visiting scholars, alumni, or other visitors to the UGA cam-pus to stay. The buildings face the stream, creating a scenic site with an easy walk to the heart of campus.

•Mixed use buildings along Baxter Street—These buildings can provide housing, retail, and dining facilities.

Connections with the Community

•Connection to South Campus—paths connect central campus toCedar Street and to the D.W. Brooks Pedestrian mall

•Connection to Five Points and other historic neighborhoods—green-way trails lead along the south reach of Tanyard and Cloverhurst Avenue to these neighborhoods.

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•Connection to Big City Bread Bakery,the Bottleworks, and communityspaces in northwest Athens—green-way trails along the north reach ofTanyard link to sidewalks/bike lanesalong Newton, which connect to thesecommunity and public spaces.

•Connection to the central business dis-trict of Athens—the Lumpkin pedestri-an walkway and bike lanes onLumpkin Street connect to BroadStreet and the downtown business district of town.

•Future connection to the Athens-ClarkeCounty greenway along Reed Alleybetween Memorial Hall and Sanford Stadium.

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ually begins to curve and ends at a small fountain at the corner ofthe Lumpkin mall pathway and the “football walk,” located justsouth of the proposed Alumni Development Center. The two colorsof pavers in the football walk continue the curving pattern of thewater runnel and mimic the sinuosity of the stream nearby.Columns evenly spaced along the north side of the football walkbetween the walk and the proposed alumni building have a very for-mal appearance while the trees on the south side of the football walkmimic the same formal spacing, but with a softer appearance, andthe plantings take on a more natural clumping pattern as they get closer to the stream.

Physical Structures

•Water elements play a key role in directing an individual’s attentiontowards the stream. The fountain is cone-shaped with stepped lev-els. Two separate sources of water at the top of the fountain flowdown and around the structure in a spiraling motion. These separatesources meet approximately half way down the structure, join, andcontinue to flow down and around the structure as one. This mirrorsthe idea of the North and South Branches of Tanyard Branch, whichmeet and flow to the Oconee River as one main branch. The waterfrom the fountain continues in a small runnel, leading the viewer toa small fountain at the end of the walkway. From here, the viewercan see the natural source of water flowing through campus.

General Concepts

•The intent of this design is to create amulti-use plan, making TanyardBranch the focal point of every dayactivities in central campus.Individuals can view and interact withthe creek on a daily basis.

•Riparian zones around the stream areprotected. All buildings and largepaved surfaces are outside of the 2-year and 100-year floodplains.

•All paved paths proposed in this designutilize porous paving materials.

•The overall visual concept for thedesign is the change from geometric toorganic forms and structures. Thisidea gradually transitions from thevery formal building elements locatedon the University of Georgia campusto the natural areas around the stream.Slight changes in forms from linearlines and precise angles to curvilinearforms lead the viewer’s attentiontowards the stream. The central quadlocated between the Student LearningCenter and proposed multi-use build-ing (intended to house an AlumniDevelopment Center, parking deck,and bookstore) is a very formal, geo-metric pattern. Evenly spaced treesline the symmetrical grassy areabetween the buildings with a largefountain at the west end of this quad.The fountain aligns with the paths ofLumpkin mall and walkways betweentwo proposed dorm buildings and joinsthe cross paths with a circular walk-way. A runnel of water extends fromthe outer edge of the circular walkwayaround the fountain. This small trail ofwater begins in a linear line, but grad-

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•A pedestrian bridge connects theStudent Learning Center, the proposedsister building to the Student LearningCenter, and a proposed dorm east ofClark Howell Hall to Sanford Drive.This “skywalk” begins at the StudentLearning Center and terminates atSanford Drive at the same level as theexisting paving. Several piers providesupport to the portions of the structurebetween the buildings. The areabetween the piers is arched, creatingan aqueduct-like appearance thatresembles the symbolic arch of UGA.Individuals standing on the quadbetween the Student Learning Centerand the proposed sister building have aview of an arch as they look easttowards the stadium and the book-store. Individuals standing on thefootball walk or along the riparian cor-ridor also have a view of a UGA archas they look east. The football walkproceeds between the first and second

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pier and the stream flows between the second and third pier. In bothcases, views from across the site acknowledge the symbolism of the University of Georgia.

•Proposed buildings in this design include a new dorm east of ClarkHowell Hall, two new dorms west of the fountain, and the construc-tion of the sister building to the Student Learning Center. Thisbuilding may house an Alumni Development Center and bookstore.A three bay parking deck is proposed to sit beneath the buildingitself. The area beneath the building site slopes downward so thatthe garage would only be visible from the west and south sides.

Emergency Access

•Eliminating vehicular access on portions of Lumpkin Street createsproblems for deliveries and emergency access to the TateCenter/Bookstore region. One method of allowing delivery trucksand emergency vehicles access to the area is along the pavedLumpkin mall path. Authorized vehicles only may drive down thispaved region, around the fountain, and along the curved pathway tothe football walk. Cars or trucks can then drive along the footballwalk to reach the Tate Center, bookstore, or stadium region.

•Another method of vehicular access is through the parking garage.Emergency vehicles can enter the parking garage through the elevat-ed entrance off of the Pulaski Extension Bridge. All vehicles enter

To Oconee River

To Sanford Stadium

To Student Learning Center

Proposed AlumniDevelopment Center/book-store/parking deck withrooftop garden

Lumpkin bridge

North Branch connectionto academic village andHancock community

South Branch connectionto housing and 5 Pointscommunity

Existing pedestrianwalkway

To Oconee RiverInterpretiveGreenway trail

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onto the middle bay of the parkingdeck. This central bay slopes down-ward, and authorized vehicles only canexit the deck at the bottom of thisslope at the opposite end of the garage.A paved path exits the garage, curvesto the right, and joins with the footballwalk. From here, the vehicle canreach the stadium, bookstore, and other lower buildings

Stormwater Considerations

•The proposed location of Tanyard sitsin a newly designed stream channel.Instead of filling in all areas of the oldchannel, portions can be convertedinto rain gardens to collect stormwater runoff from nearby surfaces.

•To manage the expected large amountsof storm water runoff from the elevat-ed Pulaski extension, a series of raingardens are located below the bridge.Water collected from the road above istransferred through a conveyance sys-tem in the piers supporting the bridge.They release the water into a series ofrain gardens in the partially wooded area below.

•The rooftop garden above the proposedAlumni Development Center creates away to retain some of the storm water running off the building.

•Water not retained by the AlumniDevelopment Center rooftop garden iscollected in a series of cisterns locatedbeneath the pedestrian bridge. Thecisterns are out of the way of the maintraffic patterns, yet are still visible topedestrians walking between the TateStudent Center and the AlumniDevelopment Center. Water collected

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in the cisterns can be used to irrigate designed portions of the site.This reduces the need to rely on city water resources and offers aneducational opportunity to teach student and community members about storm water management opportunities.

Stream Accessibility

•Paved paths along the stream (located within the 100 year flood-plain) create a trail for accessible to all students and communitymembers to walk along the stream and observe the natural vegeta-tion of a healthy riparian zone without causing extensive damage tothe area. Porous paving material is recommended. This area will besubject to flooding; the path provides a location for communitymembers to observe the changes both before and after a large storm.Pavement in this area creates a space where bikes, strollers, andwheel chairs can view the creek without difficulty.

•Mulch and dirt paths coming off of the paved paths in the floodplainregion provide a location for students to make direct contact withthe water. These access points give students the opportunity tostudy the stream, take water samples, and observe the type ofwildlife and vegetation characteristic of the region.

•Paths along the stream throughout the greenway corridor are markedwith educational signs and kiosks. As individuals travel alongTanyard Branch, using the path systems as either a recreation desti-nation or a means of getting from one location to another, they learnabout stream restoration, types of vegetation, and problems facingurban streams. These signs and kiosks will be located all along thecreek in all three branches and should not be confined to the Main Branch.

Football Accommodations

•Football plays a large roll in any UGA student’s life and the lives ofmany alumni and members of the Athens community. Through theinclusion of a football walk, this design option acknowledges theimportance of football to the school by accommodating the school’straditions while still raising awareness of the stream and natural features on campus.

•The walk is wide enough to accommodate the band members andfootball players as they process into Sanford Stadium. Bricks usedto create the pavement surface should be some form of porouspaving material, available in two different colors.

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•In order for the football players toreach the ceremonial football walk, thecircular paved area around the foun-tain features creates a drop-off point.Authorized vehicles may drive aroundthe circular paved area, drop off theplayers, and drive along the pavedLumpkin Mall back to Broad Street.

•A series of free-standing columns linethe area between the football walk andthe proposed Alumni DevelopmentCenter. These columns provide aplace to list the names of famous andimportant UGA faculty, alumni, ath-letes, or other students. Individualswho walk along the football walk willbe reminded of the accomplishmentsof these important individuals. Treeson the opposite side of the walk arealigned with the columns and create abalanced feel to the space while estab-lishing a transition from structural to more natural forms.

•Reinforced grass (i.e. grass pave) southof the Tate Center on the opposite sideof the football walk prevents seriousdamage to the grassy surface. Thisprovides an ideal location for tailgateparties and picnics on game days, butalso an open area that can be used at any point during the year.

•The paved area immediately south ofthe Tate Center offers a smooth surfacefor additional tailgating parties and cookouts.

•Above the football walk, the pedestrianskywalk offers a different view of thefootball walk. Individuals can standon the walkway and look down as theplayers process into the stadium.

•Several proposals have been made toexpand the size of Sanford Stadium.

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This design acknowledges the probability that the stadium expan-sion will occur and leaves the area untouched. Any construction inthis proposed expansion region will not affect the design of the new stream channel or surrounding riparian zone.

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General Concepts

•The overall concept of this design is tomake the stream a destination.Everyday traffic will not occur direct-ly along the stream banks. The regionaround the stream will become a light-ly wooded park space for students andcommunity members alike to come walk, run, or relax.

•Riparian regions around the stream areprotected. All buildings and largepaved surfaces are outside of the 2-year and 100-year floodplains.

•All paved paths proposed in this designutilize porous paving materials.

Physical Structures

•The location of Sanford Drive isrealigned so that it is closer to theGeography building and other existingbuildings in the area. RealigningSanford Drive creates more room for aseries of new dorm buildings, a newquad, and additional greenspace.

•New buildings proposed in this designinclude a sister building to the StudentLearning Center, two new dorms westof Geography and Sanford Drive, anda dorm east of Clark Howell Hall. Thesister building to the Student LearningCenter may house an AlumniDevelopment Center, bookstore, and atwo-bay parking deck. The parkingdeck would sit beneath the buildingand would only be visible from thewest and south sides. The entrance tothe deck is a raised entrance comingoff of the Pulaski Extension roadway.

•The U-shaped form created by ClarkHowell Hall and the adjacent dorm

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establishes a more secluded park space, with Tanyard Branch as thenorthern boundary. This area is a lightly wooded region. Multiplegravel paths wind through the area around the stream and up theslope towards Clark Howell Hall, and one path travels along thecreek itself in the 100 year floodplain. Three bridge structures pro-vide access to the buildings on the opposite side of the creek.Numerous covered picnic shelters are located throughout the park toprovide places for group picnics and cookouts.

•A raised pedestrian skywalk connects the Student Learning Center,its proposed sister building, and the new dorm adjacent to ClarkHowell Hall. The bridge has the same arch/pier system described indesign proposal A. The walkway terminates at a semicircular plat-form level with the realigned Sanford Drive. A path leading intoTanyard Park also meets at this platform.

•Similar to design proposal A, a fountain feature makes reference tothe merger of the North and South reaches into the main TanyardBranch. A walkway extends in four directions from this feature,including a wide walkway that serves as the “football walk” on game days.

•Design proposal B acknowledges the placement of “old LumpkinStreet.” The path along Lumpkin mall connects with the fountainand continues under the entrance to the parking garage. While thispath takes on a curvilinear shape, matching the shape of the paths inthe park, a straight line of trees continues the line of the Lumpkinmall path/old Lumpkin Street until it meets up with the intersectionof the elevated Pulaski Extension and existing Lumpkin Street.

Covered picnic structure

Restored TanyardBranch

Greenway trailsystem

Interpretivesignage

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Emergency Access

•Multiple paths allow access to the cen-tral areas of design. Emergency orauthorized vehicles can travel aroundthe fountain structure, under theentrance to the parking garage, andalong the path south of the proposedAlumni Development Center to reachthe stadium, Tate Center, or bookstore.

Stormwater Considerations

•Proposals for storm water managementare similar to those of design proposalA. Tanyard Branch sits in a newstream channel; portions of the oldchannel can be converted into rain gar-dens to collect excess storm runoff.This design also includes the cisterns,

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rooftop garden, and porous pavement discussed in design proposal A.

Stream Accessibility

•This design uses the same general system of pathways and signagedescribed in design proposal A. A gravel path sits on the south sideof the creek within the 100 year floodplain, allowing views ofTanyard Branch. Three bridges cross the creek and provide easymovement from one side to the other. Educational signs and kiosksshould be placed all along the North, South, and Main branches of Tanyard Branch.

Football Accommodations

•Design proposal B also accommodates the school’s long-standingfootball traditions while recognizing the importance of and maintaining a healthy stream.

•This design shifts the location of the football walk. The pathwayleads between the Student Learning Center and its proposed sister

Restored Tanyard Branch

Tanyard Park

Bridge entrance toparking deck

Sanford Stadium prome-nade and Georgia Quad

Sanford Stadium

Student LearningCenter

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building. It continues between the Tate Center and bookstore (thesheltered roof between these buildings is removed) and terminatesat a large plaza space. Players, band members, and fans can walkdown the steps at the end of the plaza and enter the stadium. Thedecision to locate the path between the buildings keeps the maintraffic flow away from the stream and protects the habitat during large populous events such as football games.

•Recommendations made in this design also reflect the likelihood ofSanford Stadium’s expansion. This area was left undeveloped onthe plan; any additional structures in this space will not affect thehealth of Tanyard Branch or the surrounding habitat.

•Picnic shelters located within the Tanyard Park create a game daytailgating region. These shelters could be rented out to various indi-viduals or groups for use specifically on football game days.

Reed Hall

Sanford Stadium

View of Reed Alley and StadiumPromenade from pedestrian bridge

Tate Center Plaza

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Suggested Tree Species

Scientific Name Common NameAcer negundo BoxelderAsimina triloba PawpawBetula nigra River BirchCeltis laevigata SugerberryCercis canadensis Eastern RedbudCornus florida Flowering DogwoodFraxinus pennsylvanica Green AshHalesia caroliniana Carolina SilverbellLiriodendron tulipifera Tulip PoplarMagnolia grandiflora Southern MagnoliaMorus rubra Red MulberryOstrya virginiana Eastern HophornbeamOxydendrum arboreum SourwoodPlatanus occidentalis American SycamorePrunus serotina Black CherryQuercus alba White OakQuercus nigra Water OakQuercus prinus/montana Chestnut OakRobinia pseudoaccacia Black LocustUlmus alata Winged Elm

Suggested Shrub Species

Scientific Name Common NameAesculus sylvatica Georgia BuckeyeAsimina parviflora Smallflower PawpawCallicarpa americana American BeautyberryCalycanthus floridus SweetshrubCornus ammomum Silky DogwoodEuonymus americanus Strawberry BushHammamelis virginiana Witch HazelHydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf HydrangeaLeucothoe axillaris DoghobbleRhododendron canescens Wild AzaleaViburnum acerifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum

Suggested Herbaceous and Vine Species

Scientific Name Common NameArundinaria gigantea SwitchcaneAthyrium filix-femina Southern Lady FernDicanthelium spp. Panic GrassGelsemium sempervirens Yellow JessamineJuncus effusus Soft RushLobelia cardinalis CardinalflowerLonicera sempervirens Trumpet HoneysucklePanicum virgatum SwitchgrassRudbeckia hirta Black-Eyed SusanVitis rotundifolia Muscadine

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1. Special Collections Library2. Parking Deck3. Education Center4. Visiting Professor Village5. Mixed-use Buildings6. Dorms7. Student Learning Center8. Multi-use Building with Parking Deck9. Bookstore10. Tate Center11. Memorial Hall12. Sanford Stadium13. Dorm14. Eco-Dorm Complex15. Geography16. Physics

Existing Buildings

Buildings proposed on thecampus master planBuildings proposed byTanyard studioRoadwaysMajor pedestrian walkways

SidewalksTanyard Branch

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711

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Sanford Stadium

Memorial Hall

Bookstore

Student LearningCenter

Geography

Physics

Sanford Dr.

Orchard

Eco dorm complex

Mixed use buildings

Visiting scholar cottages

Parking deck withgreen roof

Dorms

Baxter Street

Lumpkin Street

Baldwin Street

Pedestrian Mall

Cedar Street D. W. Brookspedestrian walkway

To downtown

To Five Points

Cloverhurst Ave.Rain gardens

Streamside education complex

Proposed AlumniCenter

Tate Center

Tanyard BranchElevated PulaskiExtension

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Proposed dorm

FountainStudent Learning Center

Proposed dorm

Bookstore

Tate Center

Parking garageentrance

Elevated Pulaskiextension

Plaza

Memorial Hall

Sanford Stadium

Proposed stadiumexpansion

Sanford Drive

Rain gardensNew dormClark Howell Hall

100-year floodplain

2-year floodplain

Stream channel

Elevated skywalk

Proposed AlumniCenter

Football walk

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To downtown

Lumpkin St.

Pedestrian mall

StudentLearningCenter

ProposedalumniCenter

Pedestrian walkway

Memorial Hall

Bookstore

Tate Center

SanfordStadium

Geography

Physics

Alluvial fan

D. W. BrooksPedestrian Mall

Rain gardens

Cedar Street

To Five Points

Cloverhurst Ave.

Tanyard Branch

Orchard

Eco dorm quad

Visiting scholarcottages

Mixed usebuildings

Streamside educationcenter

Parking deckwith green roof

Baldwin St.

New dorm

ElevatedPulaskiExtension

Sanford Dr.

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Student LearningCenter

Bookstore

ProposedAlumni Center

Tate Center

Plaza

Memorial Hall

SanfordStadium

Proposed stadiumexpansion

Geography

Rain gardens

Vehicle access

Elevated pedestrianwalkwayNew dorm

RealignedSanford Dr.

New quad

Clark HowellHall

Picnic shelters

Stream channel

2-year floodplain

100-year floodplain

Rooftop garden

Football walk

LumpkinWoods

Parking garageentrance

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These cross sections correspond to specific regions of TanyardBranch on the design proposal A detailed plan map. The overallconcepts depicted apply to both proposals A and B.

Greenway path

Alumni DevelomentCenter and parking deck

Football walk

Greenway path

C--Meander bend reachUnconstrained floodplain

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100-year floodplain

2-year channel

Low flow

Dry terrace

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Key

100-year floodplain

2-year channel

Low flow

Dry terrace

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Rain garden

Post for raisedpedestrian bridge

Greenway path

End of footballwalk and plazaarea

Stone wall barrier forsafety and aesthetics