Tatyana Maleva

Child Poverty and Social Exclusion in Russia

III Intergovernmental Conference On Children in Europe and Central Asia

Palencia, 2006

Poverty Level and Depth (macroeconomics data)

Monetary forms of child poverty:

Families with children in Russia have the highest risk of falling into poverty as well as the highest poverty depth

Sociodemographic Structure of Poor Households

 

Demo-graphic

structure of house-

holds surveyed,

%

Demographic structure of poor households

Money incomes Available resources

Share among

total poor, %

Share of total

income shortfall,

%

Share among

total poor, %

Share of total

income shortfall,

%

Families with children: 36,6 52,8 74,6 61,3 78

Married couple with 1 child 10,1 11,7 12,8 11,8 10,5

Married couple with 1 child and other relatives 6,6 9 12,8 9,9 12,4

Married couple with 2 children 6,4 10,3 16,2 12,1 16,6

Married couple with 2 children and other relatives 1,5 2,5 5,1 3,3 5,8

Married couple with 3 or more children 1,1 2,1 5,7 3,2 7,7

Married couple with 3 or more children and other relatives 0,3 0,6 1,8 0,8 2,3

Mothers (fathers) with children 4,9 7,8 7,8 9,2 8,1

Mothers (fathers) with children and other relatives 5,7 8,7 12,5 11 14,5

Families without children: 63,4 47,2 25,4 38,7 22

Average for all families 100 100 100 100 100

Risk and Depth of Poverty

 

Poor households

Money incomes Available resources

Risk of falling into the poor group

(% of group size)

Income shortfall

(% of subsisence minimum)

Risk of falling into the poor group (% of group size)

Income shortfall

(% of subsistence minimum)

Families with children 77.7 37.0 52.3 18,7

Families without children 36.2 10,4 15,2 3,7

Average for all families 49.0 22,5 26.0 10.0

Risk and Depth of Poverty in Sociodemographic Group

Non-monetary forms of child poverty: exclusions and deprivations

The Level of the Housing and Property Assets

 

All families

Housing facilities Personal assets

Have comfortable

housing

Total living space

above the social norm

Level of available housing

above the average

Level of available housing

above the average

Level of available personal assets

above the average

Low level of

available personal assets

Families with children: 100.0 52.6 20.8 9.8 52.7 41.5 17.8

Married couple with 1 child 100.0 63.0 36.2 19.0 42.6 47.3 11.8

Married couple with 1 child and other relatives

100.0 63.5 13.1 6.0 41.6 56.3 8.0

Married couple with 2 children 100.0 54.1 15.8 6.0 51.8 49.0 12.8

Married couple with 2 children and other relatives

100.0 50.2 9.7 3.2 54.5 52.8 14.1

Married couple with 3 or more children

100.0 29.4 10.5 1.2 75.2 41.1 25.8

Married couple with 3 or more children and other relatives

100.0 33.0 10.8 1.5 70.1 37.9 23.6

Mothers (fathers) with children 100.0 62.8 48.3 28.5 44.6 18.9 27.6

Mothers (fathers) with children and other relatives

100.0 64.7 21.7 12.7 41.7 29.0 18.4

Families without children: 100.0 58.7 63.0 33.0 45.9 26.5 25.8

All households 100.0 59.6 48.9 25.8 45.5 33.0 21.6

Medical Aid Accessibility, % in Group

Age groups: 0-5 4-16 15-17 18-23 24-30 31-40 41-50 51-54 55-60 61-70

71 and abo-ve

Poor households

Visited the doctor within the last 12 months:

Yes 60 44 38 31 31 35 40 44 49 57 64

No 40 56 62 69 69 65 60 56 51 43 36

If not, why not:**                      

No health problems 89 86 84 83 79 74 64 58 43 34 19

Institutional barriers 3 3 2 2 3 5 5 9 13 12 15

Required services are to be paid for 1 3 3 3 5 5 11 10 13 16 15

Other reasons 7 9 11 12 13 16 20 23 32 38 51

Non-poor households

Visited the doctor within the last 12 months:

Yes 68 55 48 37 37 40 47 53 54 64 76

No 32 45 52 63 63 60 53 47 46 37 24

If not, why not:**                      

No health problems 85 86 87 83 79 72 66 62 51 37 25

Institutional barriers 2 2 3 3 3 5 6 6 10 11 18

Required services are to be paid for 3 2 2 3 4 4 6 5 6 12 11

Other reasons 10 10 8 12 15 19 23 27 34 41 47

Indicators of Completion of Treatment: share of respondents, who could not complete the treatment, %

18

19

23

27

25

30

34

37

39

41

42

12

17

19

22

18

24

25

26

31

36

36

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

0-5

6-14

15-17

18-23

24-30

31-40

41-50

51-54

55-60

61-70

71 and above

Poor households Non-poor households

Incidence of Deprivation Poverty (% of households)

22,1

31,5

13,4

27,6

2,4

1. Not enough money to buy food (have meat,poultry, fish once a week or less)

2. For lack of money, some of the family wearworn clothes or footwear

3. Slum dwelling or cold and damp, or small, orlacking amenities to the Russian standard

4. Some of the family did not receivenecessary medical treatment or were not able

to buy prescribed medication

5. Family includes young adults of 23 years oryounger who are not in education because they

have to work

% o

f hou

seho

lds

affe

cted

by

the

depr

ivat

ion

Concentration of Deprivation (% of households)

42

29,6

19

8

1,5

28,5

0

1

2

3

4 and more

Deprivation poor: those affected by 2 or moredeprivations

Hou

seho

lds

affe

cted

by

depr

ivat

ion,

% o

f tot

alho

useh

olds

Demographic type of household: All

house-holds

Poor under integrated

welfare indicator

Deprivation poor

Subjectively poor

Families with children: 32.7 56.3 24.4 22.6

Families without children: 67.3 43.7 75.6 77.4

Total 100 100 100 100

Differences in Poverty Profile under Various Approaches to Poverty Measurement

Share of Orphans in Children Number (< 18 years)

Structure of Social Transfers in Available Resources, %

New Russian Demographic Program

…If we really want to do something good for our citizens, I would suggest to focus on the problems that are most important. I suggest a program aimed to stimulate fertility: support to young families, support to women who make decisions to give birth to and raise up a child…

President V. Putin,

Annual Address To Federal Board,

May 2006

Proposed Measures of Support to Families with Children

Child care allowance (up to the age of 1,5 years)

For the first child $ 55

For the second child $ 110

Monthly payments to women on maternity leave and child rearing leave (up to the age of 1,5 years)

40% of the former wage, not less that $ 55 ($ 110)

Compensation of expenses on pre-school upbringing

For the first child 20% of average payment collected

from the parents

For the second child 50% of average payment collected

from the parents

For the third child70% of average payment collected

from the parents

Benefits for children – orphans

Monthly payments for a child in the family of guardian or adoptive (foster) family

$ 150

Monthly salary of adoptive (foster) parent $ 90

Single-time benefit in case of all forms of placing children, who are devoid of parent care, into a family

$ 300

Birth certificate

In maternity welfare centre $ 110

In maternity hospital $ 260

Basic maternity capital, which women can invest: in purchase of housing through mortgage or other credit schemes, when the child reaches the age of 3 years, in education of the child, in accumulative part of her own pension

$ 9 260 indexed annually

taking into account inflation rate

Proposed Measures of Support to Families with Children (contin.)