TB Ch02 David Buss 4e

7/23/2019 TB Ch02 David Buss 4e

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CHAPTER 2: THE NEW SCIENCE OF EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY

Chapter Summary

Thi !hapter !"#er $"ur t"pi!: %&' the (")i! "$ )e*erati*) hyp"thee a+"ut "ur e#"(#e, py!h"(")i!a(me!ha*im- %2' the pr",u!t "$ the e#"(uti"*ary pr"!e- %.' the *ature "$ e#"(#e, py!h"(")i!a(

me!ha*im- a*, %/' the !ie*ti$i! pr"!e,ure +y 0hi!h 0e tet thee hyp"thee1

The (")i! "$ e#"(uti"*ary hyp"thee tart 0ith a* eami*ati"* "$ the $"ur (e#e( "$ a*a(yi- )"i*) $r"m

m"t )e*era( t" m"t pe!i$i!3)e*era( e#"(uti"*ary the"ry- mi,,(e4(e#e( e#"(uti"*ary the"rie- pe!i$i!

e#"(uti"*ary hyp"thee- a*, pe!i$i! pre,i!ti"* a+"ut empiri!a( phe*"me*a ,eri#e, $r"m thee

hyp"thee1 O*e meth", "$ hyp"thei )e*erati"* i t" tart at the hi)her (e#e( a*, m"#e ,"0*1 A

mi,,(e4(e#e( the"ry !a* pr",u!e e#era( hyp"thee- ea!h "$ 0hi!h i* tur* yie(, e#era( teta+(e

pre,i!ti"*1 Thi !a* +e ,e!ri+e, a the 5t"p4,"0*6 trate)y "$ hyp"thei a*, pre,i!ti"* $"rmati"*1

A e!"*, meth", i t" tart 0ith a phe*"me*"* 7*"0* "r "+er#e, t" eit- u!h a the imp"rta*!e me*

atta!h t" a 0"ma*8 phyi!a( appeara*!e1 Fr"m thi phe*"me*"* "*e !a* )e*erate hyp"thee a+"ut the

p"i+(e $u*!ti"* $"r 0hi!h it 0a ,ei)*e,1 Thi 5+"tt"m4up6 meth", i !a((e, reverse engineering - a*,

i a ue$u( upp(eme*t t" the t"p4,"0* meth",- epe!ia((y +e!aue 0e 7*"0 a+"ut the eite*!e "$ ma*yhuma* phe*"me*a ("*) +e$"re 0e ha#e "(i, !ie*ti$i! ep(a*ati"* $"r them1

The e#"(uti"*ary pr"!e pr",u!e three pr",u!t3a,aptati"*- +ypr",u!t "$ a,aptati"*- a*, ra*,"m

e$$e!t "r *"ie1 E#"(uti"*ary py!h"(")it te*, t" $"!u "* a,aptati"*1 9"re pe!i$i!a((y- they $"!u "*"*e pe!ia( u+!(a "$ a,aptati"* that !"mprie huma* *ature: py!h"(")i!a( me!ha*im1

Py!h"(")i!a( me!ha*im are i*$"rmati"*4pr"!ei*) ,e#i!e that eit i* the $"rm they ," +e!aue they

"(#e, pe!i$i! pr"+(em "$ ur#i#a( "r repr",u!ti"* re!urre*t(y "#er huma* e#"(uti"*ary hit"ry1 They

are ,ei)*e, t" ta7e i* "*(y a *arr"0 (i!e "$ i*$"rmati"*- tra*$"rm that i*$"rmati"* thr"u)h ,e!ii"*

ru(e- a*, pr",u!e "utput i* the $"rm "$ phyi"(")i!a( a!ti#ity- i*$"rmati"* t" "ther py!h"(")i!a(

me!ha*im- "r ma*i$et +eha#i"r1 The "utput "$ a* e#"(#e, py!h"(")i!a( me!ha*im i ,ire!te, t"0ar,

the "(uti"* t" a pe!i$i! a,apti#e pr"+(em1 E#"(#e, py!h"(")i!a( me!ha*im pr"#i,e *"*4ar+itrary!riteria $"r 5!ar#i*) the mi*, at it "i*t-6 te*, t" +e pr"+(em4pe!i$i!- a*, are (ar)e i* *um+er a*,

$u*!ti"*a( i* *ature1

O*!e a hyp"thei a+"ut a* e#"(#e, py!h"(")i!a( me!ha*im i $"rmu(ate,- the *et tep i* the

!ie*ti$i! e*,ea#"r i teti*) it1 Teti*) e#"(uti"*ary hyp"thee re(ie "* !"mpari"*3$i*,i*) "ut

0hether )r"up that are pre,i!te, t" ,i$$er i* a parti!u(ar 0ay a!tua((y ,"1 Thi meth", !a* +e ue, t" tethyp"thee +y !"mpari*) ,i$$ere*t pe!ie- !"mpari*) pe"p(e8 phyi"(")i!a( rea!ti"* a*, +rai* ima)e-

!"mpari*) pe"p(e 0ith ,i$$ere*t )e*e- !"mpari*) ma(e a*, $ema(e 0ithi* a pe!ie- !"mpari*)

,i$$ere*t i*,i#i,ua( "$ ea!h e- a*, !"mpari*) the ame i*,i#i,ua( i* ,i$$ere*t !"*tet1

E#"(uti"*ary py!h"(")y ha a 0ea(th "$ a,,iti"*a( "ur!e t" ,ra0 "*- i*!(u,i*) the ar!he"(")i!a(

re!"r,- !"*temp"rary hu*ter4)atherer "!ietie- e($4rep"rt- "+er#er4rep"rt- ,ata e#"7e, $r"m u+e!t i*(a+"rat"ry eperime*t- (i$e4hit"ry ,ata $r"m pu+(i! re!"r,- a*, pr",u!t ma,e +y pe"p(e1

E#ery "ur!e "$ ,ata ha tre*)th- +ut ea!h a(" ha (imitati"*1 Ea!h pr"#i,e i*$"rmati"* that typi!a((y

!a**"t +e "+tai*e, i* the ame $"rm thr"u)h "ther ,ata "ur!e1 A*, ea!h ha $(a0 a*, 0ea7*ee *"t

hare, +y "ther1 Stu,ie that tet e#"(uti"*ary hyp"thee ui*) t0" "r m"re ,ata "ur!e are +etter tha*

tu,ie that re(y "* a i*)(e ,ata "ur!e1



The $i*a( e!ti"* "$ thi !hapter "ut(i*e ma"r !(ae "$ a,apti#e pr"+(em1 F"ur !(ae "$ a,apti#e

pr"+(em $"(("0 $r"m m",er* e#"(uti"*ary the"ry: pr"+(em "$ ur#i#a( a*, )r"0th- pr"+(em "$ mati*)-

pr"+(em "$ pare*ti*)- a*, pr"+(em "$ )e*eti! re(ati#e1 A,,iti"*a( i*i)ht i*t" i,e*ti$yi*) a,apti#e

pr"+(em !"me $r"m 7*"0(e,)e "$ u*i#era( huma* tru!ture- tra,iti"*a( tri+a( "!ietie-

pa(e"ar!he"(")y- ta7 a*a(yi- a*, !urre*t py!h"(")i!a( me!ha*im1 Curre*t me!ha*im u!h a a$ear "$ hei)ht- a tate $"r $atty $"",- a*, a pre$ere*!e $"r a#a**a4(i7e (a*,!ape pr"#i,e 0i*,"0 $"r

#ie0i*) the *ature "$ pat a,apti#e pr"+(em1

Su))ete, Rea,i*)

;arrett- H1 C1- < =ur>+a*- R1 %2??@'1 9",u(arity i* !")*iti"*: Frami*) the ,e+ate1 Psychological

Review- 113- @2B@/1

;u- D1 91 %E,1' %2??'1 The handbook of evolutionary psychology. Ne0 Y"r7: Wi(ey1

Cra0$"r,- C1- < =re+- D1 %E,1' %2??'1 Foundations of evolutionary psychology1 Ne0 Y"r7: Er(+aum1

=e**air- L1 E1 O1 %2??2'1 E#"(uti"*ary py!h"(")y: A* emer)i*) i*te)rati#e perpe!ti#e 0ithi* the

!ie*!e a*, pra!ti!e "$ py!h"(")y1 Human ature Review- !- &B@&1

Pi*7er- S1 %&'1 How the mind works1 Ne0 Y"r7: N"rt"*1

T""+y- 1- < C"mi,e- L1 %2??'1 C"*!eptua( $"u*,ati"* "$ e#"(uti"*ary py!h"(")y1 I* D1 91 ;u

%E,1'- The handbook of evolutionary psychology %pp1 B@'1 Ne0 Y"r7: Wi(ey1

9u(tip(e Ch"i!e ueti"*

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e#"(uti"* rep"*i+(e $"r pr",u!i*) the a,aptati"*



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%+'

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hi)her tatu

%,' 0"me* 0i(( +e (e (i7e(y t" ,i#"r!e hu+a*, 0h" $ai( t" pr"#i,e re"ur!e

&@1 The $irt tep i* the t"p4,"0* trate)y "$ teti*) hyp"thee i JJJJJJJJJJ1 %!'

%a' tet pre,i!ti"* +ae, "* the hyp"thei

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%!' ,eri#e a hyp"thei $r"m eiti*) the"ry

%,' e#a(uate 0hether empiri!a( reu(t !"*$irm pre,i!ti"*

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%,' e#a(uate 0hether empiri!a( reu(t !"*$irm pre,i!ti"*

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hierar!hie %,'

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%,' attra!ti*) a mate

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hyp"thei a*, the hu*ti*) hyp"thei ep(a*ati"* "$ the $u*!ti"* "$ me*ta( r"tati"* 7i(( %+'

%a' !"mpari*) !u(ture that #ary i* a#era)e happi*e%+' !"mpari*) !u(ture that #ary i* )e*,er eKua(ity

%!' !"mpari*) !u(ture that #ary i* paraite ("a,%,' !"mpari*) !u(ture that #ary i* repr",u!ti#e rate

.@1 Cr"4!u(tura( tu,ie !a* +e ue, t" tet e#"(uti"*ary hyp"thee i* ea!h "$ the $"(("0i*) 0ay

EMCEPT JJJJJJJJJJ1 %a'

%a' t" ,etermi*e 0hether a trait 0a !reate, +y !u(ture "r e#"(uti"*

%+' t" tet 0hether e!"(")i!a((y ,epe*,e*t a,aptati"* pr",u!e pre,i!te, ,i$$ere*!e a!r" !u(ture

%!' t" !"mpare the ep(a*at"ry e$$i!a!y "$ !"mpeti*) e#"(uti"*ary the"rie $"r a )i#e* phe*"me*"*

%,' t" ,etermi*e 0hether a* a,aptati"* hyp"thei>e, t" +e u*i#era( i pree*t i* a(( huma*



.1 Ui*) phyi"(")i!a( meaureme*t te!h*iKue- u!h a h"rm"*a( aay- e#"(uti"*ary py!h"(")it

!a* JJJJJJJJJJ1 %+'

%a' ,etermi*e 0hether a trait "r +eha#i"r i e#"(#e, "r *"t

%+' meaure pr"ima( i*$(ue*!e "* a* e#"(#e, trait "r +eha#i"r %!' ee u(timate !auati"* i* a!ti"*

%,' i((utrate the phy(")e*y "$ a trait u*,er i*#eti)ati"*

.1 A pre,i!te, $r"m a* e#"(uti"*ary perpe!ti#e- a tu,y +y F(i** a*, !"((ea)ue ,"!ume*te, that

!hi(,re* (i#i*) 0ith a teppare*t ha#e JJJJJJJ (e#e( "$ JJJJJJJJJ tha* !hi(,re* (i#i*) 0ith +i"(")i!a(

pare*t1 %,'

%a' ("0er tet"ter"*e

%+' hi)her tet"ter"*e

%!' ("0er !"rti"(

%,' hi)her !"rti"(

.1 Whi!h "$ the $"(("0i*) i a (imitati"* "$ +rai* ima)i*) te!h*iKue $"r meauri*) py!h"(")i!a(

#aria+(e %!'

%a' They !urre*t(y !a**"t +e ue, t" tet pre,i!ti"* $r"m a* e#"(uti"*ary perpe!ti#e1%+' They !a**"t meaure ,i$$ere*!e 0ithi* parti!ipa*t- "*(y +et0ee* )r"up1

%!' Parti!ipa*t mut remai* imm"+i(e 0he* they are ep"e, t" timu(i1

%,' a(( "$ the a+"#e

/?1 ;eha#i"ra( )e*eti! meth", !a* tet the e#"(uti"*ary hyp"thei that )ir( )r"0i*) up 0ith"ut a*

i*#eti*) $ather hi$t t" ear(ier "*et "$ me*ar!he a*, eua( +eha#i"r1 Whi!h "$ the $"(("0i*) +eha#i"ra(

)e*eti! $i*,i*) 0"u(, re$ute thi hyp"thei %!'

%a' I,e*ti!a( t0i* iter raie, t")ether e*ter me*ar!he at the ame a)e- +ut i,e*ti!a( t0i* iter

raie, apart h"0 (e imi(ar "*et a)e $"r me*ar!he1

%+' The e*#ir"*me*ta( !"mp"*e*t "$ me*ar!he "*et i (ar)er tha* the )e*eti! !"mp"*e*t1

%!' The )e*eti! !"mp"*e*t "$ me*ar!he "*et i (ar)er tha* the e*#ir"*me*ta( !"mp"*e*t1

%,' A)e "$ "*et "$ me*ar!he i *"t !"rre(ate, +et0ee* )ir( a*, their +i"(")i!a( m"ther1

/&1 Re!e*t tu,ie i* m"(e!u(ar )e*eti! ha#e re#ea(e, that the R a((e(e "$ the DRD/ )e*e ha +ee*

(i*7e, t" etra#eri"* a*, *"#e(ty4ee7i*)1 E#"(uti"*ary py!h"(")it hyp"thei>e, that u!h trait

0"u(, ha#e +ee* a,apti#e i* ep("iti*) *"#e( e*#ir"*me*t1 Whi!h "$ the $"(("0i*) reu(t 0a

,"!ume*te, that upp"rte, thi pre,i!ti"* %a'

%a' The R a((e(e i m"re !"mm"* am"*) *"ma,i! p"pu(ati"* tha* e,e*tary p"pu(ati"*1%+' Eater*er are m"re (i7e(y t" p"e the R a((e(e tha* Weter*er1

%!' W"me* are m"re (i7e(y t" p"e the R a((e(e tha* me*1

%,' The R a((e(e i "*(y epree, i* !hi(,h"", +ut *"t a,u(th"",1

/21 9",er* m"(e!u(ar )e*eti! meth", ha#e +ee* ue, t" i*!reae "ur 7*"0(e,)e "$ re!e*t huma*

e#"(uti"* i* 0hi!h "$ the $"(("0i*) 0ay %,'%a' t" h"0 that e(e!ti"* i* huma* ha +ee* a!!e(erati*) "#er the pat &?-??? year

%+' t" i,e*ti$y the )e*e rep"*i+(e $"r (a!t"e i*t"(era*!e

%!' t" !"mpare !"mpeti*) the"rie $"r the time(i*e "$ huma* "ri)i* "ut "$ A$ri!a

%,' a(( "$ the a+"#e

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TB Ch02 David Buss 4e