T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007 Trends in Food Production, Availability and Food Balance in India and World Dr.T.Balaguru Head – ARSMP Division National Academy

T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007

Trends in Food Production, Availability and Food Balance in India

and World

Dr.T.BalaguruHead – ARSMP Division

National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 30January 24, 2007


Agricultural Resources Food Production Food Availability Food Security

Food Needs Food Consumption

Food Balance

Presentation Sequence


Agricultural Population(millions)

Country Number* 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 441

(64)

493

(58)

546

(54)

557

(52)

560

(52)

World 2219

(50)

2442

(46)

2573

(42)

2595

(41)

2600

(41)

* Figures in parentheses indicate % of total population


Economically Active Population in Agriculture

Country Share in Total Economically Active Population (%)

1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 69 64 60 58 58

World 52 49 45 43 43


Land Use (m.ha)

Country Land Area

Arable Land1980 1990 2000

Permanent Crops1980 1990 2000

India 297 163 163 161 5 7 9

World 13004 1346 1396 1398 102 120 136


Water Use (%)[2000]

Sector Country India World

Agriculture 86.5 70.0

Industry 05.5 20.0

Domestic 08.0 10.0


Irrigated Land (m.ha)

Country Area Irrigated * 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 39

(23)

47

(28)

56

(33)

56

(33)

56

(33)

World 210

(15)

244

(16)

275

(18)

277

(18)

277

(18)

* Figures in parentheses indicate % share in arable land and permanent crops


Country Total Consumption*

1980 1990 2000 2001 2002

Macronutrients*(2002)

N P K

India 6

(5.1)

12

(8.6)

17

(12.6)

17

(12.3)

16

(11.4)

10

(11.8)

4

(12.1)

2

(8.7)

World 117 139 135 138 141 85 33 23

Fertilizer Consumption (m.t)

* Figures in parentheses indicate % of world consumption


Agricultural Machineries (Number/1000 ha)

Country Tractors & Harvesters - Threshers 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 2.4 6.1 12.1 13.6 15.7

World 18.8 21.7 22.2 22.4 22.7


Animal Population (millions)

Country Cattle & Buffaloes* 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 253

(18.9)

283

(19.6)

286

(19.3)

284

(18.7)

283

(18.6)

World 1340 1443 1479 1519 1522

* Figures in parentheses indicate % of world total


Animal Population (millions)

Country Sheep & Goat* 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 132

(8.5)

162

(9.1)

181

(10.2)

182

(10.0)

183

(9.9)

World 1554 1781 1769 1813 1851

* Figures in parentheses indicate % of world total


Rainbow of Agricultural Revolutions

Green Revolution : Food Crops

Yellow Revolution : Oilseeds

White Revolution : Dairy

Blue Revolution : Fish

Golden Revolution : Fruits & Vegetables

‘Gene’ Revolution : Biotechnology

‘Agri-Export’ Revolution


Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India* 138

(8.8)

196

(10.3)

238

(11.4)

233

(11.2)

232

(10.2)

World 1573 1904 2085 2086 2270

Food Production Production of Cereals

(m.t)

* Figures in parentheses indicate % share in the world


India’s Share in World Production – Cereals

21.6

12.2 12.7

2.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

Rice, Paddy Wheat Sorghum Maize

Per

cen

tag

e


Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India* 56.5

(9.0)

76.1

(9.4)

117.4

(9.7)

126.6

(9.4)

127.6

(9.2)

World 629.7 812.7 1207.6 1345.1 1383.7

Production of Fruits & Vegetables (m.t)

* Figures in parentheses indicate % share in the world


Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India* 2.62

(1.92)

3.88

(2.16)

5.27

(2.25)

5.94

(2.34)

6.03

(2.32)

World 136.22 179.65 234.67 253.69 260.10

Production of Meat (m.t)

*Figures in parentheses indicate % share in the world


Commodity World India Quantity % Share in World

Cereals 2270.36 232.36 10.2

Pulses 61.12 14.50 23.7

Oilseeds

(oil equivalent)

142.13 9.70 6.8

Fruits & Vegetables

1383.65 127.56 9.2

Roots & Tubers 718.20 32.60 4.5

Sugar Crops 1576.83 236.18 15.0

Stimulants 15.00 1.13 7.5

Production of Major Food Commodities (m.t) [2004]


Commodity World India Quantity % Share in World

Milk 622.14 91.00 14.6

Meat 260.10 6.03 2.3

Eggs 62.97 2.46 3.9

Fish 195.63 6.13 3.1

Production of Major Food Commodities (m.t)[2004]


India’s Ranking in the World Production

India is 1st in: Beans Chick Peas Lentils Millets Pigeon Peas Pulses Banana Mangoes Okra Peas Castor beans Tea Sesame Seed Buffalo Milk Goat Milk Buffalo Meat

India is 2nd in: Rice Wheat Cabbage Cauliflower Egg Plant Garlic Lemons & Limes Onions Pumpkins Cashew Nut Groundnut Sugarcane Cow Milk Goat Meat


Status of Productivity in Food Grains (2002-2004)

Cereals India’s Ranking

Rice 63

Wheat 48

Sorghum

77

Maize 90

Pulses India’s Rankin

g

Peas, Dry 57Pigeon Peas

13

Chick Peas 29Beans, Dry 110Groundnut in Shell

72

Soybeans 68


Status of Productivity in Livestock Products (2002-2004)

Meat Products

India’s Ranking

Buffalo Meat 16

Chicken Meat 134

Duck Meat 48

Goat Meat 141

Pig meat 168

Milk Products

India’s Ranking

Buffalo Milk 2

Cow Milk, Whole Fresh

113

Goat Milk 33

OthersHen Eggs 55Honey 15


Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Cereals & Products

Pulses & Products

Oil Crops (excluding products)

Vegetable Oils & Products

Fruits & Products

Vegetables & Products

Starchy Roots & Products

Tree Nuts & Products

163

20

25

5

29

47

20

-

165

15

22

4

30

52

24

1

184

15

32

7

33

58

26

1

187

15

37

7

40

60

28

1

178

12

29

6

43

73

30

1

Per Capita Food Production in India (kg/person/year)


Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Sugars & Sweeteners

Beverage Crops

Spices

Milk & Products

Animal Fats & Products

Meat & Products

Eggs & Products

Fish, Seafood & Products

21

1

1

39

1

4

1

3

20

1

2

47

1

4

1

3

25

1

2

63

1

5

1

5

26

1

2

71

2

5

2

5

27

1

3

84

3

5

2

6

Per Capita Food Production in India (Contd…) (kg/person/year)


Country 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 75.6 90.3 100.0 100.3 99.7

World 87.1 92.4 100.0 102.3 105.3

Per Capita Agricultural Production Index(1999-2001: 100.0)


1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2002 2003

3.24 2.67 2.72 2.33 2.64

Share of India in World Food Production (%)


World PopulationWorld Population

1 Billion

2 Billion

3 Billion

4 Billion

5 Billion

6 Billion

1804

1927

1960

1974

1987

1999

123 Years

33 Years

14 Years

13 Years

12 Years

Population Growth : 78 Million / Year


Total Population(millions)

Country Number 1979-81 1989-91 1999-01 2003 2004

India 689

(15.5)

846

(16.1)

1017

(16.8)

1066

(16.9)

1081

(17.0)

World 4435 5263 6070 6302 6378


Minimum Dietary Energy Requirements(kcal/person/day)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04

1770 1780 1790 1800 1820 1820

Food Security: Food Needs in India


Country 1969-71 1979-81 1989-91 2001-03 2002-04

India 2040 2080 2370 2440 2470

World

- 2550 2700 2800 2810

Dietary Energy Consumption(kcal/person/day)


Country 1969-71 1979-81 1989-91 2001-03 2002-04

India 51 51 57 57 64

World

- 67 72 75 83

Dietary Protein Consumption(g/person/day)


Country 1969-71 1979-81 1989-91 2001-03 2002-04

India 30 33 41 52 51

World

- 59 68 78 76

Dietary Fat Consumption(g/person/day)


Per Capita Daily ConsumptionIndia


World

Per Capita Daily Consumption


Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Cereals & Products

Pulses & Products


Vegetable Oils & Products

Fruits & Products

Vegetables & Products

Starchy Roots & Products

Sugars & Sweeteners

401

45

15

11

70

118

47

53

410

34

12

14

70

133

54

55

451

36

20

18

79

146

55

62

449

35

20

22

96

153

61

64

428

32

17

27

101

184

65

67

Food Consumption in India (g/person/day)


Food Group 1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Tree Nuts & Products Beverage Crops

Spices

Milk & Products


Meat & Products

Eggs & Products


1

1

4

92

2

10

1

8

1

2

4

108

3

10

2

8

2

2

5

148

4

13

3

11

3

2

5

164

4

13

4

12

2

2

7

182

7

14

5

13

Food Consumption in India (Contd…) (g/person/day)


Country Macronutrients Share in Total Dietary Energy Consumption (%)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04

IndiaCarbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

77

10

13

76

10

14

75

10

15

73

10

17

71

10

19

71

10

19

World

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

66

11

23

66

11

25

64

12

24

Dietary Composition


Food Consumption Pattern: Main Food Crops (India)

Food Group Share of Dietary Components to Total Energy Consumption (%)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Cereals & Products

Pulses & Products

Vegetable Oil & Products

Fruits & Products

Sugars & Sweeteners

Milk & Products


66

8

5

1

9

3

1

66

6

6

1

9

3

1

64

5

7

1

9

4

1

62

4

8

2

9

4

2

59

4

10

2

10

4

2


Food Consumption Pattern: Main Food Crops (India)

Food Group Share of Dietary Components to Total Protein Consumption (%)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Cereals & Products

Pulses & Products


Milk & Products

Meat & Products


62

18

3

7

3

2

64

14

4

8

3

2

62

13

4

10

3

2

61

12

4

11

3

2

59

11

4

11

3

2


Food Consumption Pattern:Main Food Crops (India)

Food Group Share of Dietary Components to Total Fat Consumption (%)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Cereals & Products



Milk & Products

Animal Fat & Products

22

9

37

11

7

20

7

43

11

8

16

9

43

13

8

14

8

47

13

9

11

6

52

9

12


Food Item Per Capita Daily Calorie Intake (kcal/person/day)

India WorldRice

Wheat

Maize

Sorghum

Potatoes

Cassava

Sugar

Soybean Oil

Palm Oil

Rapeseed & Mustard Oil

754

510

35

55

31

14

171

50

72

30

557

521

147

33

60

43

202

87

50

30

Consumption of Major Vegetable Foods[2001-03]


Food Item Per Capita Daily Calorie Intake (kcal/person/day)

India World

Milk (whole)

Milk (skimmed)

Animal Fat (raw & butter)

Cheese

Eggs

Pig Meat

Poultry Meat

Bovine Meat

Sheep & Goats Meat

78

26

55

-

7

4

5

9

3

83

13

59

25

33

117

46

40

11

Consumption of Major Animal Foods[2001-03]


Food Group India World

Cereals

Pulses

Vegetable Oils

Fruits & Vegetables

Roots & Tubers

Sugars & Sweeteners

Milk, Egg & Fish

Meat

Animal Fats

Others

58.8

4.5

9.7

3.8

1.9

9.7

4.9

0.9

2.3

3.5

46.9

2.0

9.6

5.4

5.2

8.7

6.5

8.0

2.2

5.4

Share of Dietary Components in Total Energy Consumption (%): 2001-03


Source of Dietary Energy Consumption (%) [2001 – 03]


Source of Dietary Energy Consumption (%) [2001 – 03]


Diet Diversification Index: India

Macronutrients Contribution of Non-Starchy Foods to Total Dietary Consumption (%)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Energy

Protein

Fats

32

37

77

32

35

80

34

36

83

36

38

86

39

39

88


Diet Diversification Index: India (Contd…)

Macronutrients Contribution of Animal Products to Total Dietary Consumption (%)

1969-71 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03

Energy

Protein

Fats

5

12

23

6

13

24

7

16

26

7

17

26

8

19

26


1969-71 to 1979-81

FPP F P

1979-81 to 1990-92

FPP F P

1990-92 to 1995-97

FPP F P

1995-97 to 2002-04

FPP F P

0.2 2.4 2.2 1.3 3.5 2.3 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.1 1.3 1.2

Food Consumption & Population Growth: IndiaAverage Annual Rate of Change (%)

FPP : Food Per Person (Energy Consumption)F : Food (Energy Consumption to Total Population)P : Population


Food Consumption Expenditure: India[Share of Food Consumption

to Total Consumption(%)]

Population Before 1990 2004

Rural

Urban

National

63.8

55.9

64.0

54.0

41.6

49.5


Prevalence of Undernourishment

Country Undernourished Population (millions)

1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04

India

World

261.3

(27.7)

944.8

214.8

(25.1)

855.1

201.8

(24.2)

833.9

212.0

(24.8)

856.4

209.5

(24.5)

863.9

Figures in parentheses indicate % of World total


Prevalence of Undernourishment (Contd…)

Country Proportion to Total Population (%) 1979-81 1990-92 1995-97 2001-03 2002-04

India

World

38

21

25

16

21

15

20

14

20

14


Life Expectancy at Birth (Years)

Country 1980 1990 1995 2000 2003

India

World

54

63

59

65

61

66

63

66

63

67


Child Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)

Country 1980 1990 1995 2000 2003

India

World

173

118

123

95

104

89

94

83

87

80


Food Balance: Cereals (2001-03)[Quantity (m.t)]

Country Production ( + )

Exports

( - )

Imports

( + )

Stock Changes

( - )

Consumption (=)

India

World

187.17

(1.14)

1879.60

(1.99)

7.94

(0.05)

294.69

(0.31)

0.05

-

294.07

(0.31)

15.15

(0.09)

936.07

(0.99)

164.13

942.73

Figures in parentheses indicate ratio to consumption


Food Balance: Vegetable Oils (2001-03)

[Quantity (m.t)]


Exports

( - )

Imports

( + )

Stock Changes

( - )

Consumption (=)

India

World

6.27

(0.61)

101.72

(1.46)

0.26

(0.03)

47.97

(0.69)

5.09

(0.50)

45.90

(0.66)

0.85

(0.08)

29.98

(0.43)

10.26

69.68



Food Balance: Sugars & Sweeteners (2001-03)

[Quantity (m.t)]


Exports

( - )

Imports

( + )

Stock Changes

( - )

Consumption (=)

India

World

28.50

(1.12)

177.43

(1.12)

1.57

(0.06)

51.81

(0.33)

0.07

(-)

48.52

(0.31)

1.47

(0.06)

16.31

(0.10)

25.53

157.83



Food Balance: Roots & Tubers (2001-03)

[Quantity (m.t)]


Exports

( - )

Imports

( + )

Stock Changes

( - )

Consumption (=)

India

World

31.60

(1.27)

690.71

(1.73)

0.06

( - )

36.38

(0.09)

0.02

( - )

41.70

(0.10)

6.60

(0.27)

296.58

(0.74)

24.96

399.45



Food Balance: Milk (Excluding Butter) (2001-03)

[Quantity (m.t)]


Exports

( - )

Imports

( + )

Stock Changes

( - )

Consumption (=)

India

World

87.73

(1.26)

601.88

(1.22)

0.31

( - )

78.66

(0.16)

0.04

( - )

74.42

(0.15)

17.87

(0.26)

102.87

(0.21)

69.59

494.77



Food Balance: Meat (2001-03)

[Quantity (m.t)]


Exports

( - )

Imports

( + )

Stock Changes

( - )

Consumption (=)

India

World

5.72

(1.06)

246.46

(1.01)

0.31

(0.06)

27.58

(0.11)

-

-

26.28

(0.11)

-

-

2.02

(0.01)

5.41

243.14



Documents

T.Balaguru (NAARM) 2007 Trends in Food Production, Availability and Food Balance in India and World Dr.T.Balaguru Head – ARSMP Division National Academy