TCCC-USAID-GETF Water and Development Alliance (WADA) 2008

Mara River Basin Water and Development Alliance

Implementation Plan for Florida International University

USAID East Africa TCCC Africa Regional Office

Implementing Partners Florida International University World Vision, Inc.

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Table of Contents 1.0 Program Description ............................................................................................................ 2

1.1 Program goals and objectives .......................................................................................... 2 1.2 Expected outcomes / quantified targets ............................................................................ 3 1.3 Activity relevance/linkages to TCCC programs and interests ............................................ 3 1.4 Activity relevance/linkages to USAID EGAT, USAID East Africa and USAID/Kenya programs ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.5 Geographic location of activities ....................................................................................... 5 1.6 Proposed technical approach ........................................................................................... 7

1.6.1 Water Provision ......................................................................................................... 7 1.6.2 Sanitation Provision ................................................................................................... 8 1.6.3 Multiple Water Use .................................................................................................... 8 1.6.4 Hygiene Education .................................................................................................... 8 1.6.5 Groundwork for a Water Credit Program ................................................................... 9 1.6.6 Gender issues and action strategy ...........................................................................11 1.6.7 Plan for sustainability ................................................................................................11

2.0 Implementing Organizations ................................................................................................12 2.1 Florida International University (FIU) ...............................................................................12 2.2 WaterPartners International .............................................................................................12 2.3 K-REP Advisory Services Ltd. .........................................................................................12 2.4 PSI-Kenya .......................................................................................................................13 2.5 Roles of Local USAID and TCCC/Bottler Partners in Implementation ..............................13

3.0 Mobilization Plan and Detailed implementation schedule / timeline .....................................15 4.0 Progress milestones and verifiable indicators of accomplishment .......................................15 5.0 Local project management and partnership coordination ....................................................16 6.0 Proposed outreach and communications activities for the alliance ......................................17 7.0 Detailed project budget and narrative ..................................................................................18 8.0 Cost sharing ........................................................................................................................19 9.0 Overall Implementation Schedule .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex B: Initial Environmental Examination ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex C: Branding Strategy and Marking Plan ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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1.0 Program Description The Mara WADA activities described in FIU’s and World Vision’s coordinated implementation plans will be carried out in close coordination with a larger, multi-faceted program to promote integrated, sustainable management of water resources in the Mara Basin, which covers 8,200 km2 in Kenya. The WADA activities will feature the priorities of the USAID/Coca-Cola Water and Development Alliance that are also synergistic with the larger efforts of the Mara River Basin Management Initiative (MRBMI). It will be carried out by Florida International University (FIU) and World Vision, two of the leading partners in the USAID Global Water for Sustainability (GLOWS) Program, which is co-sponsoring the MRBMI along with Norad in collaboration with another GLOWS partner, the WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office. We will engage additional partners in the region on specific aspects of the project, including WaterPartners International and K-Rep Advisory Services for the water credit activity, and PSI-Kenya for the point-of-use treatment activity. WADA activities will be conducted in two areas of the basin (Fig. 1). In the lower basin, near the border with Tanzania, activities will be focused within a community in the Kirindon Area Development Program (ADP) of World Vision. World Vision will coordinate all WADA activities in this area in conjunction with their broader activities in the ADP and the larger MRBMI. World Vision’s activities are described in a separate implementation plan. In the middle basin districts of Bomet and Narok, WADA activities will be focused in two communities where Water Resource Users Associations (WRUAs) have been established. FIU will provide grants and general supervision for the WRUAs to develop local water projects. These WRUAs will receive parallel support for institutional strengthening from GLOWS and other sources. The WADA activities are being designed to serve both as stand-alone interventions to improve community welfare as well as a solid first step in a possibly larger and longer-term effort in the basin.

1.1 Program goals and objectives

The overall goal of the proposed WADA project is to improve health, well being, and long-term self sufficiency of communities and primary schools in the Mara River Basin through viable water and sanitation interventions, affordable infrastructure, and training. The individual components of the effort are captured in the following four primary objectives.

1. Increase access to sustainable safe water and sanitation services for two target communities and schools.

2. Promote health and hygiene in target communities and schools through hygiene

behavior change promotion activities and efforts that address water quality (including safe water transport, hand washing, storage and handling and point of use water treatment approaches).

3. Improve governance and capacity building of the communities to effectively manage and

sustain water supply and sanitation facilities, and be better prepared to engage in broader community management and governance of water resources in the Mara Basin.

4. Promote water Multiple Use Systems.

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5. Conduct up-front testing for viability of a water credit initiative in the basin. laying the groundwork for expansion of the Mara Basin project into credit initiatives

1.2 Expected outcomes / quantified targets

The expected outcomes from the project will include i) increased access to safe water for communities and two schools in Bomet and Narok Districts (Longisa, and Mulot Divisions, respectively), ii) formation and/or strengthening of two water users associations to maintain and manage the new water sources in conjunction with broader efforts at water resources management, iii) improved water-related hygiene and health awareness in selected schools of the divisions, iv) establishment of operation and maintenance systems, and v) increase multiple use water systems for cattle and drip irrigation. Quantified targets of the project include: 1. Access to improved and safe water enhanced for the target communities:

a. One protected spring in Mulot Division providing safe* drinking water to approximately 10,000 people†, including school children.

b. One protected spring in Longisa Division providing safe drinking water to approximately 10,000 people†, including school children.

c. 50 m3 masonry tanks installed at two schools (1 in Longisa and 1 in Mulot) to provide water to approximately 800 school kids (~400 per school) from the protected springs.

2. Promote multiple use of water.

a. Installation of five drip irrigation kits at each water point to water kitchen gardens for vegetables. Each kit will water a ½ acre garden.

b. Construction of 8 cattle troughs, four each in Longisa and Mulot Divisions.

3. Health and Hygiene promotion: a. Training in the use of and application of point-of-use water treatment technologies in

coordination with USAID’s ongoing program in this area. b. Distribute appropriate information, education and communication (IEC) materials for

hygiene promotion. c. Distribution of IEC materials to schools, chiefs’ camps and dispensaries for

dissemination to school children and communities.

1.3 Activity relevance/linkages to TCCC programs and interests

The Mara WADA Project is of direct relevance to the Coca-Cola East and Central Africa Division based in Nairobi. The Project will support the objectives of The Coca-Cola Company in the water sector by improving water supply, sanitation, hygiene practices, and water source protection in communities in the Mara River Basin. Coca-Cola is invested in improving water supply and hygiene education in schools in Kenya. This project’s emphasis on school-based interventions aligns well with the company’s priorities in this regard. Additionally, the Mara River Basin is an iconic and valued ecoregion of great importance to Kenya and the world, with a high

* We define “safe water” as water, including treated surface water and potentially untreated spring water, that does not contain harmful bacteria, toxic materials, or chemicals, and is considered safe for drinking. † Exact number of people served will depend on the final yield of the spring and borehole.

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public profile internationally. Coca-Cola support to the livelihoods and health of communities within the Mara will demonstrate the Company’s global leadership in a highly visible way. Coca-Cola has already supported some of GLOWS partner WWF’s work in the Mara through its sponsorship and leadership of the WWF Corporate Club. Additionally, the Company has a global partnership with WWF to support watershed protection activities in other basins around the world. This project will build on these partnerships and advance Coca-Cola’s commitment to supporting Integrated Water Resource Management interventions internationally.

1.4 Activity relevance/linkages to USAID EGAT, USAID East Africa and USAID/Kenya programs

The Mara WADA Project is of direct relevance to, and will be closely linked to, programmatic activities of USAID EGAT, USAID East Africa Regional Mission and USAID/Kenya. This project is being implemented in conjunction with the Global Water for Sustainability (GLOWS) Program (http://globalwaters.net), an international initiative led by FIU, funded by USAID-EGAT, and charged with extending the application of integrated water resources management (IWRM) worldwide. GLOWS has been engaged in a significant initiative in the transboundary Mara River Basin since 2006, working closely with government agencies, water users’ associations, other donors, and all local stakeholders. GLOWS core funding from EGAT is supporting a number of activities in the Mara Basin in both Kenya and Tanzania, including 1) baseline studies on water quality, gender roles in water resources management, and the economic value of water to different stakeholders (including the protected areas) for a possible Payment for Environmental Services scheme, 2) baseline studies and stakeholder engagement to develop a fisheries management plan that brings new economic benefits to Mara residents while protecting fisheries resources, 3) generation of remote sensing data and preparation of GIS maps to facilitate planning and outreach activities, 4) promotion of best management practices for IWRM throughout the basin, and 5) building staff capacity among governmental and non-governmental institutions to implement IWRM. The involvement of GLOWS senior staff in the Mara WADA Project proposed here also brings valuable international perspective and experience to the effort. USAID/East Africa supports complementary activities in the Mara Basin through GLOWS under its 2-year Transboundary Water for Biodiversity and Human Health in the Mara River Basin (TWB-MRB) project. This effort works towards 1) complementary watsan activities carried out on the Tanzanian side of the Mara River Basin, 2) facilitating improved understanding of the water needs of biodiversity and harmonizing river basin management plans and policies to provide a sufficient quantity of clean water to service multi-sectoral needs; 3) promoting a transboundary agreement between Kenya and Tanzania, under the authority of the East African Community (EAC) to ensure water flows to sustain the biodiversity of the Mara-Serengeti Ecoregion; and 4) promoting explicit biodiversity conservation that goes beyond integrated water resources management (IWRM) activities, and monitors indicators for biodiversity conservation. All these ongoing USAID-funded activities in the Mara Basin are directly complemented by the new proposed WADA Mara WADA Project and offer an unparalleled opportunity to coordinate the management of water for both people and nature in the Mara River Basin. In addition to filling an important water sector ‘gap’ in current programming, the new water/sanitation

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component has the potential to stimulate and motivate the participation of the targeted Maasai and other communities in the governance/IWRM efforts of the broader Mara Basin Initiative by providing basic services in great demand by these communities. Demonstrating the potential of coordinated efforts like this is essential to the continued economic development of Kenya, where foreign income from wildlife related tourism contributed more than $500 million to the economy in 2005 and provided 138,000 direct and 360,000 indirect jobs. In addition to activities directly related to the Mara Basin, USAID/Kenya is also supporting numerous other water sector interventions through their agriculture, education, health, and natural resources management programs, mainly in the arid and semi-arid land areas of the country (i.e., ASALs, of which the Mara Basin is a part). These include:

A water and sanitation program implemented by the Millennium Water Alliance, which has recently been expanded to include Marsabit and areas in northeastern Kenya.

A $2.4 million Annual Program Statement in 2006 soliciting applications in the water and sanitation sector in the ASALs, significantly expanding the Mission’s assistance to the water sector (closing date was Feb. 09, 2007. (One award has been granted to Aga Khan Foundation in the Mombasa region. The other award(s) have not yet been made).

PL 480 Title II food security programs implemented through several Private and Voluntary Organization (PVO) partners, including: o Promotion of micro-irrigation systems; o Development of new safe water sources for humans and livestock; and o Promotion of sustainable management of community water systems, e.g., community

water users’ fees, community water/sanitation committees, operations and maintenance training, etc.

Finally, in addition to these development activities, USAID has recently also implemented several humanitarian water and sanitation activities in the drought-prone areas in the northern and eastern parts of Kenya through the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), including water point rehabilitation and some development of new water points.

1.5 Geographic location of activities

The Mara River Basin covers nearly 8200 km2 in the semi-arid area of southwestern Kenya. As a result of Kenya’s 2002 Water Act and the recently drafted rules for water supply and management, the Mara River Basin falls entirely within the jurisdiction of the Lake Victoria South Water Services Board and the Lake Victoria South Catchment Area of the Water Resources Management Authority. The Basin includes portions of five districts Bomet, Buret, Nakuru, Narok, and Trans Mara. The Mara River Basin contains a diverse collection of landscapes, cultures, and natural features of national and international importance. The headwaters of the basin flow from the forested Mau Escarpment, which acts as a water tower for the entire river system. Masai Mara National Reserve also falls entirely within the basin and is dependent on water of the Mara River to sustain its animal herds during the dry season. On the Tanzanian side of the border the Mara River feeds Serengeti National Park and the Mosirori wetland before emptying into Lake Victoria.

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Like many developing countries, Kenya's water and sanitation problems are a consequence of many factors including poverty and low education, high population growth rates, inadequate water and sanitation infrastructure, a scarcity of water sources, contamination of existing water resources, and a lack of political will for water and sanitation investment and management. Between the Mau Forest and Masai-Mara National Reserve, more than 500,000 largely Maasai and Kipsigis struggle to improve their livelihoods through small-scale agriculture and animal husbandry, and all of the country’s complex water-related health and development issues are represented in their struggles.

Figure 1: Location of the Mara River Basin and the specific project sites. While the scope of the overall effort described here encompasses the entire Mara River Basin, WADA project activities are to be focused in two specific areas representative of the main cultural, socioeconomic, and climatic conditions in the basin. One area is proposed in the lower catchment in Kirindon Division of Trans Mara District (described in World Vision Implementation Plan) and the other in the middle upper catchment in Mulot Division of Narok District and Longisa Division of Bomet District. Both areas are in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Kirindon is approximately 300 km and Mulot Division is about 200 km west of Nairobi. Longisa Division covers 257 km2 with a population of 75,550 and Mulot Division covers 720 km2 with a population of 68,432, according to 1999 Kenya census report. Each of these areas is vulnerable to severe droughts, the most notable of which occurred in early 2006, killing numerous livestock and necessitating emergency water provision due to insufficient regular sources.

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Extensive surveys have been conducted by Kenyan governmental agencies and WWF to better understand the needs of communities in the basin. In Bomet District, just downstream of the Mau Forest, approximately 56% of households, mainly of the Kipsigis tribe, draw their drinking water from the river during the dry season. This represents a large increase over the wet season figure of 28%, suggesting that other sources of water likely dry up and become unavailable during the dry season. During the dry season, approximately 18% of Bomet households draw water from unprotected springs and 2% draw water from unprotected wells. Government data reveal that only 7% of Bomet households have dry-season access to water from protected springs, and less than 1% have access to dry-season water from protected wells or boreholes. As a consequence of dry season water shortages, 30% of Bomet households are forced to fetch water from more than greater than 1 km away distance, 16% from greater than 3 km, and 3% from greater than over 5 km. Only 36% of households in Bomet reported any form of water treatment prior to consumption. As with Trans Mara District, pit latrines are the only method of fecal disposal available to the majority of households in Bomet District. Only 1% of households reported access to ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines. As a consequence of an over-reliance on unprotected water sources and poor hygiene practices, rates of diarrhea and intestinal worms are unacceptably high in both Trans Mara and Bomet Districts. Infection rates of HIV and cases of AIDS in the area are also thought to be very high, but accurate figures are unavailable.

1.6 Proposed technical approach

The FIU component of the Mara WADA Project will be implemented in Longisa Division of Bomet District and Mulot Division of Narok District. World Vision will coordinate activities in the Kirindon Division of Trans Mara District (described in separate implementation plan). FIU will also coordinate activities between project areas, with other basin-scale projects underway under the GLOWS program, and with Coca-Cola’s and USAID’s larger WADA activities. FIU is partnering with local Water Resource Users Associations (WRUAs), Water Partners International (WPI), K-REP Advisory Services Ltd. (KAS) and PSI-Kenya (PSI) to implement certain aspects of the project (described in more detail below). We will also closely coordinate with the on-going efforts of WWF-EARPO in the region. Our approach is highly participatory and designed for long-term sustainability. We will therefore involve national, district, and local authorities, ranging from the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MWI), Public Heath, Culture and Social Services department, to local communities and beneficiaries, as partnering with the community builds their capacity to start and run their own initiatives and to manage the ones already implemented. FIU already has good working relationships with the MWI due to the efforts it has made towards meeting the over-all GOK goal of improving water resources management. FIU has partnered with the MWI in all water projects they have implemented.

1.6.1 Water Provision

In Mulot and Longisa the key intervention will be spring protection, construction of small underground cisterns, and limited reticulation of the distribution systems. The springs are estimated to yield 70m3 per hour, enough for the water needs of 10,000 individuals at 168 l per person per day. To supplement this, 50m3 masonry tanks will be built at one school in Mulot Division and one school in Longisa Division. Each tank will serve 400 pupils and teachers plus further 100-200 households. Spring box design will vary according to the conditions at each site, but common features will include concrete construction materials, screened overflow pipes,

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upslope diversion ditches, and fences to exclude animals and wildlife. Distribution systems will be constructed according to local conditions and needs, and storage tanks will be installed to make available larger quantities for non-potable uses (e.g. watering animals and home gardens). Our water interventions in Mulot and Longisa will be carried out through grants to the local water resource user associations (WRUAs), which were established four years ago through the Mara River Basin Management Initiative, are registered CBOs, and have been managing similar interventions in the area. The WRUA in Longisa Division has two spring protection activities underway currently that will be complementary to our efforts.

1.6.2 Sanitation Provision

There are no plans to finance new sanitation facilities in Longisa or Mulot using funds from this contract. All sanitation related activities are focused in Kirindon Division. As the project goes forward we will evaluate the possibility of initiating sanitation activities in Longisa or Mulot through partner activities.

1.6.3 Multiple Water Use

Recognizing that domestic water supply is not the only need at the project locations, we will incorporate multiple use systems into our design. Five drip irrigation kits will be installed at each of the improved water sources using technologies similar to those described in the World Vision Implementation Plan. Each kit will irrigate a garden of ½ acre, resulting in a total of 10 acres of irrigated kitchen and school gardens for vegetables. Technical support will come from WVUS and training support from GOK agricultural staff. The participation of school students is essential as a means of learning and supporting the care of their natural environment. Produce from the school gardens will be used to supplement school lunches. Four cattle troughs will also be constructed in association with each of the main water points in Longisa and Mulot Divisions. Troughs will collect water that would have otherwise been lost to evaporation or re-infiltration to groundwater.

1.6.4 Hygiene Education

The main hygiene education program will be implemented by World Vision in the Kirindon Division. In Longisa and Mulot, activities will be limited to those associated with the Point-of-Use (POU) Safe Water program of PSI-Kenya. PSI-Kenya works with partners across the country to implement safe water systems (SWS), a simple, inexpensive and robust water quality intervention that is proven to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with diarrhea disease among vulnerable groups. SWS works by introducing a chlorine-based product for household water treatment that disinfects pathogen-contaminated water and reduces the incidence of diarrhea. PSI/Kenya launched the SWS product WaterGuard (500ml bottles) in May 2003. With continued assistance from CDC and through a productive public–private partnership with two local suppliers (Blow Plast and Jet chemicals), PSI/ Kenya introduced a new 150ml version of WaterGuard in July 2005 to make the product more affordable and accessible to the rural populations. The cost of treating 50,000 liters of water with WaterGuard is Ksh 1000, or approximately $15. In this project, a team of three social health educators from PSI/Kenya will travel to the school sites for one-half day trainings focusing on safe water, providing technical information to some of the most frequently asked questions about Waterguard and conducting demonstrations. The project will supply each school with enough WaterGuard to treat four

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tanks full of collected water. As per the PSI program, we will expect the schools/communities to assume the costs of the products after that.

1.6.5 Groundwork for a Water Credit Program

One of the most promising mechanisms to bring safe water to larger numbers of communities is through water credit programs that issue modest loans to communities to finance the construction of water supply systems and to develop maintenance and governance capacity. Experience to-date has shown that repayment rates in such efforts are very high, and when repayment is made, the capital funds become available to another community. Through this process the same initial investment may be rolled over many times, bringing safe water to more and more communities that would not have otherwise been able to accumulate the necessary capital. This mechanism is of great interest to both USAID and TCCC. Activities to be implemented during this initial phase of the project focus on necessary groundwork to determine the preparedness of institutions and communities in the Mara Basin to participate in a water credit program and to develop a program. These activities will be carried out by KAS, with oversight by WPI. KAS has adopted a participatory approach in all its engagements, involving all stakeholders to the extent possible right from inception and preparation, implementation to exit. The specific methodology to be applied is as follows. Inception and preparatory activities:

Reconnaissance visits to 10 communities; this will help in planning for the field work including resources required, precise duration in the field, meeting with community leaders-entry point into the community,

Sampling and marking of enumeration areas, route mapping; informed by reconnaissance findings

Finalizing the study tools

Recruitment and training of enumerators

An inception report will be produced at the end of 2-week inception phase which will contain:

The final work plan

Final TOR

Deliverables agreed upon by all stakeholders

Assessment of the Viability of Community Water Project KAS considers the analysis of an organization’s position as a necessary first step in the provision of technical services that make a meaningful impact on the organization’s capacity to pursue water services and financial services from a sustainable perspective. For this reason, KAS designs all its institutional assessments as integral part of the technical service package to the institution. KAS notes that although the WRUAs to be assisted under this intervention share certain basic characteristics (e.g. commitment to provision of water services as a strategy for poverty alleviation), they maybe at different levels of development and, as such, in need of tailor made assistance as opposed to generic Technical Assistance (TA). Besides the assessment of these community institutions, KAS will also assess the socio-economic profile of the communities that the projects will serve. This will include the

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assessment of their sources of income e.g. whether they have income generating activities, seasonality of income, number of dependents, major uses of income among others. Additionally, KAS will conduct product attribute ranking, preference ranking and assess experiences with credit and savings. This would give an indication of the ability of these communities to pay for water. Secondly, the demand for water services will be assessed among the communities and even quantified (i.e. to determine the willingness to pay for water). This is important in determining the success of water credit and overall sustainability of the project. Survey Tools KAS will combine quantitative and qualitative data collection methods in the assessment of the communities. For Quantitative survey, a survey questionnaire will be administered by the enumerators on a random basis within the enumeration areas and for qualitative data collection, FGDs and PRA sessions will be utilized. Some of the tools to be used are described in the table below:

TOOL PURPOSE 1

Focus Group Discussions

To generate an initial body of data on community perceptions of and satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the financing mechanism and water sources

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Product Attribute Ranking

To identify aspects of the various credit mechanisms as well as other areas of credit delivery that they appreciate most and why

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Financial Services Matrix

To identify other credit providers used by different economic strata within these communities

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Individual Client Interviews

To explore the socio economic characteristics of the target communities as well as their savings and loans experiences to generate an in-depth profile of the target communities and gauge the level of demand for credit for water. This tool will establish the level of demand for the credit for water, the willingness and the ability to pay. This will be a structured questionnaire administered to sample communities.

5 Seasonality Analysis To identify community’s cash flow patterns in terms of incomes, expenditure, savings and credit which will guide development of financing models for the communities linked to water provision

There will also be observation research mainly on the existing economic activities in the enumeration areas and potential income generating activities and alternative livelihoods in the area under study. Activities developed in the Mara will be coordinated with the other parallel initiatives related to Kenyan water credit, namely the World Bank/WSP Output-Based Aid credit effort underway with K-REP microfinance institution in the water sector. We will also align our efforts with those of the USAID/Development Credit Authority, which is finalizing a loan guarantee agreement with K-REP for microfinance of water projects in peri-urban settings of Kenya. It is hoped that the Mara Basin might serve as a future sight to test the loan guarantee approach of USAID/DCA in a rural setting. The data gathered in this assessment will also assist USAID-TCCC WADA in considering eventual expansion of water credit throughout the Mara Basin, depending on the results of the pilot efforts.

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1.6.6 Gender issues and action strategy

Gender is a basic issue in all of our ongoing efforts in the Mara Basin. WWF has worked to realize meaningful involvement of women in the Water Resource Users Association that will be engaged, and World Vision features gender mainstreaming systematically in activities developed within their ADPs. Because the communities in Longisa and Mulot are patrilineal societies, issues of gender are key. They include a lack of involvement by women in need identification, program design, decision making, access to education, early marriage of girls and involvement of boys in cattle herding at the expense of their education. Women and girls bear the greatest burden in obtaining water for both domestic use and livestock consumption. FIU will ensure that the program promotes gender parity in all its interventions. Some of the focus areas will include ensuring maximum participation of women at all levels, especially decision making. We will promote gender balance in all programs, working to achieve a 50% women and men participation in all aspects of project design and implementation. Children will also be encouraged to participate in these projects.

1.6.7 Plan for sustainability

We are pursuing two strategies to enhance the sustainability of activities developed in the Mara WADA Project. Strategy #1 is to actively involve local beneficiaries and other key stakeholders in all aspects of the project. This will ensure that infrastructure improvements are wanted, planned and sited by stakeholders, and are integrated into local facilities management structures. We have selected only GOK-approved technologies that can be installed and maintained using local parts and labor. Proper involvement of stakeholders ensures that those individuals and institutions responsible for the local water supply and sanitation are properly trained in the upkeep of new systems and that they include these systems in their maintenance portfolio. The formation of Care Groups to sustain improvements in hygiene behavior has also been found to be effective for long-term maintenance of improvements. Strategy #2 is to embed the Mara WADA Project activities in larger and longer-term program activities of the local implementing partners, and of the Mara Basin IWRM program as a whole. This will ensure that beneficiaries enjoy longer-term technical and capacity building support. GLOWS partner WWF-EARPO has been working in the Bomet and Narok for over 3-years and intends to continue its programmatic activities indefinitely. WWF-EARPO maintains project office nearby in Narok, staffed by local specialists. The combination of strategic engagement of stakeholders and embedding project activities in longer-term water-related programs will significantly enhance the sustainability of infrastructure improvements and new capacity emerging from the Mara WADA Project. The communities provided with safe water will take an active role in the project. As is the case in similar efforts in the basin, communities will agree to a community water and sanitation committee that will consist of at least 50% women. This committee will be trained by the Public Health Department. This committee will also collect fees for water use. The price will be determined based on the costs and yields of the intervention and will be incremented gradually. The communities will also provide manual labor to carry materials to the site is inaccessible by vehicles, to clear the spring area of debris, to fence off the completed spring box, and to plant trees around the spring. The

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communities will also host the Fundi groups will construction is taking place, providing lodging and food. Finally, USAID is also providing considerable complementary funding to support capacity building, governance strengthening, and water/sanitation service provision, all of which will also help ensure sustainability of the overall effort.

2.0 Implementing Organizations The Mara WADA Project will be implemented by a team of qualified organizations bringing specific expertise to the project. The participating organizations have complementary skills and experience working together in coordinated water resource management programs. Moreover, each organization has experience and ongoing activities in the project areas.

2.1 Florida International University (FIU)

FIU is a major public university with expertise in all aspects of water resources, public health, and related fields. FIU is the lead institution in the Global Water for Sustainability (GLOWS) Program and has experience managing the technical and financial aspects of USAID programs around the world. FIU will be the lead institution in the Mara WADA Project responsible for implementation of project activities in Longisa and Mulot, grants and contracts management, partnership coordination, reporting, monitoring and evaluation, and communications. Dr. Mark Nicholson will serve as local program coordinator under contract to FIU. Dr. Michael McClain, GLOWS Director, will support the efforts of the local program coordinator.

2.2 WaterPartners International

WaterPartners International is a US-based non-profit organization created to help meet the water supply and sanitation needs of people in the developing world. It began its work in 1990 with a project in El Limon, Honduras. Through its WaterCredit Initiative™, WPI has established a mechanism through which its partners in the developing countries will assist communities to access water and sanitation facilities through credit. WaterPartners has previously conducted such activities through grants. The Water Credit Initiative is a more sustainable method of provision of water to the community in that there is primarily local ownership of the project and with this comes sustainability. All of the projects WPI has supported are self-sustaining with organizational and financial structures in place to allow communities to independently operate and maintain them. They all have an active water committee governing the operation of the water system and users paying water bill to cover the costs of operating and maintaining the water system. Patrick Alubbe, Kenya Director of WaterPartners International, will oversee the groundwork for a water credit program in the basin.

2.3 K-REP Advisory Services Ltd.

K-REP Advisory Services Ltd. has extensive experience in community mobilization, training and feasibility studies earned locally and internationally. The following are three selected relevant experiences. Coast development authority - KAS was contracted to establish Savings and Credit schemes, Financial Services Associations (FSAs) and link CBOs and MSEs to Microfinance Institutions and also carry out institutional assessment in Kwale, Kilifi, Mombasa and Malindi districts in Kenya. Activities involved community mobilization and group dynamics,

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design of savings and credit schemes, development of credit processes and documentation, facilitation of linkages etc. As a result of this intervention, two Financial services Associations and three savings and credit schemes have been established. In addition 3 CBOs have been successfully linked to microfinance institutions in the area. European Union, microfinance project - The overall purpose of the program was to contribute to the economic restructuring of Somalia after the civil war. One of the various strategies adopted in order to reengineer the economy was the development of microfinance (the provision of financial services to economically disadvantaged communities). KAS started by carrying out a needs assessment to determine the needs that were critical to the survival of low-income groups. Based on these needs, KAS mobilized communities and developed appropriate credit methodologies and provided support to a local institution that was created to implement the program. A board of directors was selected from experienced opinion leaders within the areas of operation. Corporate plans were developed by K-Rep with input from the board members. Local staff were recruited and trained. The local staff implemented the plans assisted by the boards and overseen by K-Rep, who had seconded four staff members to the program. Plan Cameroon - Plan Cameroon contracted K-Rep Advisory Services to provide technical assistance to mobilize rural communities and develop new loan products that would enhance financial deepening among groups of women. Some of the activities carried out by KAS include:

Market research for product development

Mobilization of communities in the target areas

Participatory development of financial products

Piloting and evaluation of the products

Training of staff of MC2 in business planning, delinquency management, group dynamics, loan appraisal and follow up, portfolio build up plans, financial management, and governance for microfinance institutions among others.

2.4 PSI-Kenya

PSI is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. that harnesses the vitality of the private sector to address the health problems of low-income and vulnerable populations in more than 60 developing countries. With programs in malaria, reproductive health, child survival and HIV, PSI promotes products, services and healthy behavior that enable low-income and vulnerable people to lead healthier lives. Products and services are sold at subsidized prices rather than given away in order to motivate commercial sector involvement. PSI is the leading nonprofit social marketing organization in the world. To respond to the need for safe water, PSI/Kenya launched the Safe Water System product WaterGuard (500ml bottles) in May 2003. With continued assistance from CDC and due to a productive public – private partnership with two local suppliers (Blow Plast and Jet chemicals), PSI/ Kenya introduced a new 150ml version of Waterguard in July 2005 to make the product more affordable and accessible to the rural populations. The response has been considerable with average monthly sales growing five –fold since the first year. With additional funding support, PSI/ Kenya expanded the SWS project and recently launched PUR a flocculant- disinfectant product manufactured by P&G to increase accessibility and demand for SWS especially among the high risk rural populations. This product is targeted mainly at those who rely on turbid water.

2.5 Roles of Local USAID and TCCC/Bottler Partners in Implementation

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The role of Coca Cola Kenya headquarters in Nairobi will include general project management assistance in the design and on-going monitoring of the program. Coca-Cola has designated a program point of contact in the Coca-Cola Africa Foundation (Sherree Shereni) and in the Public Policy, Government and Corporate Relations Department based in Kenya (Nelson Githinji) that will be active in the project. Other duties may include site visits and media and community outreach and sponsorship of kickoff events. Potential roles and responsibilities of a local Coca-Cola bottler will be determined in the near future. USAID/EA has accepted the local management oversight role for the water and sanitation activities described herein, which complement the Transboundary Water for Biodiversity in the Mara River Basin (TWB-MRB) activity, funded by USAID/EA. USAID/Kenya will be kept informed and involved to the extent mutually determined to be constructive. This will also apply to relevant contacts with the USAID/Kenya Office of Population and Health supported PSI Safe Water programs. The WADA Local Coordinator, hired by FIU to support all actors, will communicate with the USAID/EA and TCCC points of contact.

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3.0 Mobilization Plan and Detailed implementation schedule / timeline

Activity First Qtr

Second Qtr

Third Qtr

Launch event X

Water Provision

Community mobilization X

Bomet and Mulot spring protection

X

School water tanks X

Training in maintenance of systems

X

Activity evaluation X

Promote multiple use of water

Construction of drip irrigation systems for kitchen gardens

X

Construction of cattle troughs X

Activity evaluation X

Hygiene Education

Safe water handling and POU training

X

Assessment work in 10+ communities

X X

Engagement with potential local financial institutions to evaluate viability of program

X

Activity evaluation X

Prepare GDA program final report

X

4.0 Progress milestones and verifiable indicators of outputs and outcomes. Outcome indicators correspond to Tier 1 indicators in the WADA M&E Framework. Progress milestones Project Output indicators WADA Outcome Indicators

Construction of spring boxes with limited reticulation of the distribution systems

No. of spring boxes constructed and distribution systems reticulated, no. of water user associations trained

T1-1, T1-3, T1-8, T1-11

Construction of cattle troughs

No of Cattle trough constructed

N/A

Micro irrigation systems established.

No. of micro irrigation systems established

N/A

Safe water system No. of training conducted T1-4

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training and distribution of product.

and amount of product distributed

Production and distribution of IEC materials.

Type of IEC materials procured and distributed.

N/A

5.0 Local project management and partnership coordination

Roles and responsibilities of the various participants in the project are described in the table below.

Name Position Task Assignment

Michael McClain FIU Associate Professor and Director of the Global Water for Sustainability Program

Overall Project Coordinator

Overall contractural responsibility

Principal contact for GETF, USAID, and TCCC

Responsible for timely execution of overall project

Quality control throughout project

Final reporting to GETF and planning of follow-up steps.

Mark Nicholson FIU

Local Coordinator

Responsible for local coordinator responsibilities detailed in Appendix II of the Program Development Guidelines grouped under the categories of

Grants and Contracts Management Support

Partnership Coordination

Reporting and Monitoring and Evaluation

Communications

Patrick Alubbe Kenya Director of International Programs WaterPartners Int. (WPI)

Water Credit Assessment Coordinator

Subcontractual responsibility at WPI

Contact person between FIU and WPI

Oversight of water credit groundwork activities

Coordinator of partnership with R-Rep

Eric Naivasha Managing Director, K-Rep Advisory Services Ltd.

Water Credit Assessment Team Leader

Subcontractual responsibility at K-Rep

Contact person between K-Rep and WPI

Responsible for timely execution of the contract

Provide quality control throughout the assignment.

Provide technical backstopping on financial services delivery systems.

Augustine Cheruiyot Deputy Managing Director, K-Rep Development Agency.

Water Credit Assessment Senior Consultant

Provide technical backstopping especially in the area research and viability assessment

Provide technical support on the recommendations on the findings

Sharon Chepkirui K-rep Advisory Services

Water Credit Assessment Consultant

Design research tools

Train enumerators and supervise data collection

Supervise data entry to ensure quality of data

Do data analysis and

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Produce the report and recommendations on findings

Joyce Wanderi-Maina Brand manager of PSI/Kenya's Safe Water Program

Safe Water Program & Hygiene Training Coordinator

Subcontractual responsibility at PSI/Kenya

Contact person between FIU and PSI

Coordination of point-of-use treatment and hygiene training activities

Supervision of PSI trainers and community promoters

6.0 Proposed outreach and communications activities for the alliance FIU will work with its implementing partners and with GETF, USAID and TCCC to

develop a local Outreach and Communications plan to increase the visibility and impact of the initiative;

FIU and WV will Work with GETF to ensure that USAID branding and marketing guidelines are followed in all communications and outreach products;

FIU will provide support as needed in the implementation of the overall WADA comprehensive outreach, communications and knowledge management strategy when finalized;

Submitting a final report for Country Program activities highlighting project accomplishments and lessons learned

Outreach and communication activities will be managed by the local coordinator as described in the terms of reference for that position. The local coordinator will work closely with the local TCCC representative in these efforts and will report on them quarterly.

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7.0 Detailed project budget and narrative

Budget for Florida International University

Category Unit Unit Cost

Unit Quantity

Total Costs

CWPP Portion

Partner Portion

Providing Partner

Labor

Local Coordinator months $2,000 9 $18,000 $18,000 $0

Subtotal: Labor $18,000 $18,000 $0

Travel

Flights to NBO from MIA

round-trip flight $2,000 2 $4,000 $0 $4,000 FIU

Local travel for coordinator miles $0.35 6000 $2,100 $2,100 $0

Per diem Nairobi days $200 20 $4,000 $1,000 $3,000 FIU

Per diem provinces days $80 45 $3,600 $3,600 $0

Subtotal: Travel $13,700 $6,700 $7,000

Materials & Construction

Springbox construction and reticulation unit $8,400 2 $16,800 $16,800 $0

Construction of 50 m3 school Storage tanks unit $6,800 2 $13,600 $13,600 $0

Cattle troughs unit $500 8 $4,000 $4,000 $0

Micro-irrigation systems (w/ 5 drip kits) unit $1,400 2 $2,800 $2,800 $0

Subtotal: Materials and Supplies $37,200 $37,200 $0

Other Direct Costs

WaterPartners International Subcontract $30,000 1 $30,000 $30,000 $0

Consultancy Fees 20,100

Direct Expenses 6,320

WPI Indirect Costs 3,580

PSI/Kenya Subcontract $5,000 1 $5,000 $5,000 $0

PSI team mobilization 2,000

Initial product purchase

3,000

Communications months $100 9 $900 $0 $900 FIU

Cost of launch event $2,000 1 $2,000 $2,000 $0

Subtotal: Other Direct Costs $37,900 $37,000 $900

Subtotal: $106,800 $98,900 $7,900

Indirect Costs 25.50% $27,234 $25,220 $2,015

Total: All Costs $134,034 $124,120 $9,915

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Narrative: Labor Costs budgeted explicitly as labor are restricted to the salary of the local coordinator, Dr. Mark Nicholson. Michael McClain’s time will be covered by the umbrella funding of the Global Water for Sustainability Program. Travel Travel costs include the expenses of Michael McClain to travel two times from the USA to Kenya over the course of the project, as well as costs for the mobilization of Mark Nicholson. FIU will cover the travel costs of McClain separately. Local travel costs are budgeted as mileage for Nicholson. Per diem rates are calculated separately for Nairobi and the provinces. Materials & Construction Materials & Construction costs reflect to total estimation for the installation and operationalization of the interventions planned in this project. The spring boxes and reticulation systems will be designed by Water Resource Management Authority engineers, who will also oversee the construction and approve the final product. The systems will be constructed by a registered Fundi, or artisan group of masons who specialize in spring box construction, reticulation, cattle troughs, and small scale irrigation systems. These activities will be completed in close cooperation with Water Resouce Management Authority and the water and sanitation committees of the communities. Contextual costs, such as capacity building of Water Users Associations for the operation and maintenance of the systems will be partially support through complimentary funding within the larger MRBMI. Other Direct Costs Subcontracts will be issued to WaterPartners International (WPI) and PSI/Kenya to cover expenses related to their portions of the overall project. The subcontract to WPI will cover the costs of the water credit groundwork and will also involve K-Rep Advisory Services Ltd. The subcontract to PSI/Kenya is intended to offset a portion of the expenses of the safe water system activities they will develop in the basin. PSI/Kenya also has separate funding to cover basic operational costs. Communication costs are calculated at $100 per month, and the cost of the launch event is estimated at $2000. Indirect Costs FIU indirect costs are calculated at the off-campus rate of 25.5%.

8.0 Cost sharing USAID East Africa is investing approximately $1 million per year in the larger Mara River Basin Management Initiative, roughly half of which finances complimentary watsan activities on the Kenyan and Tanzanian sides of the basin. Moreover, WWF-EARPO receives approximately $350,000 per year from Norad to support activities that strengthen local governance and organizations in the basin, including the WRUAs that we are working with. New funding from WWF Germany and BMZ to WWF-EARPO also includes complimentary activities to map springs in the area of our activities and to protect an additional 8 springs (with no reticulated distribution systems).