TCVN 5744-1993.pdf

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Tiu chun vit nam tcvn 5744 : 1993

Thang my - Yu cu an ton trong lp t v s dngLift - Safe requirements for installation and use

Tiu chun ny p dng i vi cc loi thang my thng dng dng vn chuyn hng vvn chuyn ng|i: quy nh nhng yu cu c bn v k thut an ton trong qu trnh lp tv s dng cc thang my mi cng nh| cc thang c |c ci to, lp t nhng cngtrnh cng nghip v dn dng.

1. quy nh chung1.1. Phm vi p dng

1.1.1. Tiu chun ny chi p dng i vi cc loi thang c dn ng in, c ph|ngchuyn ng thng ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 15oso vi ph|ng thngng v vi vn tc lm vic n 2,5m/s. i t|ng ca tiu chun ny |c phnthnh 5 loi d|i y:

Loi l: Thang my thit k cho chuyn ch ng|i.Loi II: Thang my thit k ch yu chuyn ch ng|i nh|ng c tnh n cchng ha mang km theo ng|i.

Loi III: Thang my thit k chuyn ch gi|ng (bng ca) dng trong cc bnhvin.

Lol IV : Thang my thit k ch yu chuyn ch hng ha nh|ng th|ng cng|i i km theo.

Loi V : Thang my iu khin ngoi cabin chi dng chuyn ch hng loiny khi thit k cabin phi khng ch kch th|c ng|i khng th vo |c.

1.1.2.

Tiu chun ny khng p dng i vi cc loi thang nng hng c tnh nng kthut hn ch, c kt cu vi dn ng n gin (nh| ti quay tay trc ng) vtnh cht lm vic tm thi (nh| cc thang nng phc v xy dng).

1.1.3. i vi cc thang my c vn tc lm vic trn 2,5 m/s hoc lm vic theo ch nghim ngt, c i t|ng phm vi c bit (nh|: ha cht, thuc n v.v.,.) v hotng trong mi tr|ng c tnh cht khc th|ng, ngoi vic tun th cc quy nhca tiu chun ny cn phi |c tha thun ring ca c quan c thm quyn van ton khi lp t v s dng.

1.2. Thang my c iu kin lp t.

1.2.1. Thang my nhp khu phi c cc iu kin sau:

a.

C h s k thut gc.b. Thang my |c ch to theo tiu chun quc t hoc tiu chun quc gia sti v phi ph hp vi tiu chun an ton ca Vit Nam.

c. Cc b phn chi tit my i km phi ng b hoc nu ch to theo dng linkt ca nhiu hng, nhiu quc gia th vic m bo quy cch k thut l cahng thang my ng tn, c bitc h quy cch cc b phn v chi titquan trng nh|:

- Cp thp, xch chu ti.

- |ng ray dn h|ng cho cabin v i trng.

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- Puli dn ng, dn h|ng.

- H thng phanh iu khin, ng tng.

-

H thng hm an ton.

- Cc c cu khng ch an ton, tn hiu bo v.

1.2.2. Thang my ch to trong n|c.

a.

Thang my |c ch to do cc n v c t| cach php nhn v |c phpca c quan chc nng c thm quyn.

b. Thang my phi |c ch to ph hp vi cc tiu chun yu cu k thut hinhnh v phi tun th cc quy nh ca tiu chun ny.

c. Thang my ch to hng lot phi ng theo mu |c th nghim v phiy h s k thut gc.

d. Cc b phn v chi tit quan trng ch|a ch to |c phi nhp ngoi hoclin kt ch to phi ghi r thng s c ban v quy cch k thut trong h s.

1.3. Yu cu i vi n v lp t.

1.3.1.

Cc n v |c php lp t, iu chnh, bo d|ng v sa cha thang my phic cc iu kin sau:

a. L mt n v c t| cch php nhn v |c c quan chc nng c thmquyn cp giy php hot ng.

b. C cn b k thut |c o to k thut chuyn ngnh.

c.

C i ng cng nhn k thut lnh ngh, |c hun luyn c bn v nh kv k thut an ton.

d. C iu kin k thut, kh nng cng ngh cho cng vic lp t, iuchnh v sa cha nh| thit b gia cng, thit b kim tra, hiu chnh v ol|ng:

1.3.2.

n v lp t phi hon ton tun theo cc h|ng dn lp t, vn hnh, s dngca nh ch to v phi m bo tt c cc thng s, dung sai kch th|c v ctnh k thut ca thang my theo h s k thut gc.

1.3.3. Trn c s h s k thut gc, n v lp t phi lp mt s ti liu k thut bngiao cho n v s dng nh| sau:

a. L lch thang my.

b.

H|ng dn vn hnh, s dng an ton thang my.

c. H|ng dn ch bo d|ng, kim tra th|ng xuyn v nh k, bin phpkhc phc s c khn cp nh| mt in, ng tng khng ng.

d. Phn cp trch nhim v quy nh chu k iu chnh, bo d|ng, sa cha,

khc phc s c gia n v chu trch nhim lp t, bo d|ng v n v sdng thang my.

1.3.4. n v lp t v sa cha phi chu trch nhim t chc vic th nghim thangmy sau lp t v sa cha theo ng trnh t quy tc ca tiu chun ny.

Vic th nghim phi |c tin hnh vi mt hi ng k thut gm cc thnhphn chnh l:

a. C quan cp ng k s dng thang my.

b. i din n v lp t thang my.

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c. i din n v (hoc c nhn) s dng thang my.

Kt qu th nghim phi ghi thnh bin bn c ch k cc thnh vin v du can v chu trch nhim lp t.

1.4. Ng|i chu trch nhim qun l v s hot ng an ton v ng|i vn hnh thangmy phi |c hun luyn c bn v nghip v m mnh m nhim, c th l:

-

Hiu |c tnh nng k thut ca thang my m mnh ph trch (trng ti, vn tclm vic vv.)

- Bit cc tiu chun an ton lin quan n thang my.

- Bit cch khc phc cc s c khn cp theo h|ng dn ca n v lp t.

2. Lp t

2.1. Cng tc chun b.

2.1.1. n v lp t thang my phi kim tra phn xy dng v chi tin hnh cng viclp t sau khi xc nhn phn xy dng hon thnh v t cc yu cu k thuttheo thit k.

2.1.2.

B tr cc sn g thao tc, bt u t d|i ln, trn, sut chiu cao ging thang, vikhong cch gia chng khng qu 3m, c thang tay di chuyn gia cc sn;sn thao tc phi vng chc, chu |c ti khng d|i 2,5KN/m2 sn.

2.1.3. Che chn tt c cc ca tng v lp rp (nu c) t mt sn tng ng ln cao khng d|i l,lm, che kn st sn ln cao khng d|i 150mm; cc b phnche chn phi |c c nh chc chn vo t|ng.

2.1.4. Ko in chi sng tm thi n tng tng trong ging thang v vo bung my.Chiu sng tm thi dng ngun in c in p khng qu 42V, v chiu sngkhng d|i 50Lux. Cc bng si t phi mc pha trn cc sn thao tc, ti nhngv tr khng gy cn tr cng vic lp t.

2.1.5. Khi sa cha, cai to thang my cc cng trnh ang s dng, trn tt c cc tng

phi treo bin bo thang my ang sa cha, lm ro che chn. Khng cho ng|il tip cn ca tng v vi ti nt bm trn t|ng. Nu sa cha mt trong haithang my lp cng ging th phi che kn ton b vch ngn gia hai thang trnsut chiu cao.

2.1.6. Mc hon thin ca phn xy dng, cc sn g thao tc trong ging v cc chche chn phi |c phn nh trong bin bn do bn t hng v bn lp t k.

2.1.7. Tr|c khi tin hnh cng vic lp t thit b thang my, ngoi cc yu cu nutrn phi bo m cc iu kin sau:

a. C v ng b thit b thang my vi cht l|ng m bo.

b. C vt t|, trang thit b, dng c, g cn thit cho lp t cc trang b

in phi |c kim tra an ton in tr|c khi em s dng;c.

C h s k thut - lp rp ca thang my;

d. C trang b phng h lao ng, phng chng chy v c bn ni quy anton lp t thang my.

2.2. Yu cu chung

2.2.1. Trong ging thang v bung my khng |c lp t bt k mt b phn, thit bno khc (|ng ng n|c, dy in...) khng lin quan n thang my.

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2.2.2. Bung my phi thng thong, kh ro v che kn bi. H ging phi kh ro,khng c n|c ngm, n|c thi ngm vo h ging.

2.2.3. Ca vo bung my phi c kha v phi |c lp tr|c khi bt u lp t ccthit b trong bung my.

2.2.4. Khong h gia cp v mp l i cp trn sn bung my phi khng d|i 25mm.

2.2.5.

Khong khe gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin khng |c qu 25mm i vithang iu khin t cabin v vi cabin khng c ca; khng |c qu 45mm ivi cc thang khc.

2.2.6.

chnh xc ng cabin mi im ng phi m bo trong gii hn 20mm ivi thang my bnh vin, thang my cht hng bng xe, v 50mm i vi ccthang my khc.

2.2.7. Khong cch nhng im gn nht ca cc b phn thang my khng |c d|icc gi tr sau:

a. 50mm gia cabin v i trng;

b.

50mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn tng l|i thp;

c.

25mm gia cabin, i trng vi vch ngn kn ca ging pha khng c cacabin (15mm vi thnh ging khng c nhng phn li lm);

d. l0mm gia bc ca tng v bc ca cabin, gia cc chi tit nh ln ca catng v ca cabin, khng k cc chi tit kha ca tng cng cc b phn linquan cabin.

e. l0mm gia cc chi tit nh ln ca cabin (i trng) vi cc phn kt cu raydn h|ng, k c cc chi tit kp cht ray.

Khong cch gia cnh ca tng vi cnh ca cabin khng |c v|t qu 120mm.

2.2.8. Khong cch t cc phn thp nht ca trn ging thang, hoc cc thit b lp d|itrn, n mt nc cabin, khi i trng trn cc tr t cng hoc trn gim chn

nn tn cng, khng |c d|i 750mm.2.2.9. Khong khng gian pha d|i cabin n y h ging, khi cabin ln cc t

cng hoc trn gim chn nn tn cng, khng |c d|i 500mm.

2.3.

K thut an ton.

2.3.1. Khi tin hnh lp t thang my cn tun th nghim ngt quy phm k thut anton trong xy dng TCVN 5308: 1991, tiu chun an ton in trong xy dngTCVN 4086: 1985, quy phm k thut an ton thit b nng TCVN 4244: 1986,yu cu chung v an ton trong hn in TCVN3146: 1986 v an ton chy TCVN3254: 1979, ng thi phi tun th nghim ngt cc iu quy nh d|iy.

2.3.2. Cc cng vic xy trt hon thin phi tin hnh sau khi lp t xong thit b thang

my vic trt t|ng ging thang (nu c trong thit k) phi tin hnh tr|c khithit b thang my.

2.3.3. Chy th khi ng hiu chnh cc thit b c, thit b in h thng iu khin, hthng kim tra v tn hiu phi tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xy trt hon thin.

2.3.4. Khng |c tin hnh ng thi cngtc lp thang my vi cng tc thi cng cacc n v xy dng hoc lp my khc ct cao khc nhau trong ging thang.

2.3.5. Khi tin hnh cc cng vic hiu chnh nhit trong bung my v trong gingthang khng |c qu 400C v thp nht khng |c d|i 50C.

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2.3.6. Cc cng vic hn trong lp t thang my phi do th hn c chng chi bc th4/7 tr ln thc hin. Khi hn phi che chn, bo v thit b thang my trnh tcng ca nhit v x hn. Khng |c hn cc dy in sau khi t dy.

2.3.7. Khng |c cc chi tit, thit b thang my dng c trang b ngh, vt liuxy dng... chim ch hnh lang, sn ch, cu thang v cc li i li khc.

Ch |c php tp kt tm thit b thang my ln sn ln mi, ti nhng ni |cn v tng thu thi cng ng .

2.3.8. Trong khi tin hnh lp t, ti v tr lm vic thng xuyn phi c mt t nht haing|i.

2.3.9. Ng|i lm vic trong ging thang nht thit phi i m cng bo v, nu c sdng cc dng c in th phi co gng tay v i gi cch in.

2.3.10. Tuyt i khng |c tro bm theo khung st ray dn h|ng v cp di chuyngia cc sn, m phi dng thang. Khng |c nm vt vo ging thang cc mnhkim loi, mu que hn hoc bt k vt g khc.

2.3.11. Ch |c php lm vic trong ging pha d|i cabin vi iu kin cabin |c chn

cp (cp phi |c p cht vo rnh puli dn). |c hm bng b hm an ton,|c chn cht hoc |c t trn cc dn st khng th ri.

2.3.12. Khng |c lm vic trong cabin hot trn nc khi cabin ang chuyn ng.Khng cho php c ng|i trong cabin khi th b hm an ton. Khng |c dngng c in ca b dn ng tho cabin khi hm an ton.

2.3.13. Ch |c php lm vic trn nc cabin vi iu kin cabin |c treo chc chnvo cp, b hm an ton |c chnh v |c th. Khng |c ln nc cabin qu2 ng|i v khng |c ngi trn nc bung thng hai chn trong ging thang.

2.3.14. Khi c cng nhn trn nc cabin, ch |c php di chuyn cabin theo chiu ixung vi vn tc khng qu lm/s v phi cng mt cng nhn khc trong cabin;iu khin di chuyn cabin bng nt bm t trn nc.

2.3.15.

Khng tin hnh trn nc cabin nhng vic c th lm ngoi ging thang nh|ra, lm sch cp v cc chi tit my.

2.3.16. Khng |c ng ngoi hnh lang th tay qua ca tng v ca cabin khi ngthang my.

2.3.17. Cc thit b nng h nh| ti , palng, puli... c th |c treo vo kt cu ca gingthang theo ng thit k v phi |c c nh, khng dch chuyn trong khi lmvic.

2.3.18. Chi ng m ti palng theo hiu lnh ca ng|i c trch nhim: bt k mt hiulnh no khng r rng u |c hiu l lnh ng my.

2.3.19. Khi nng h trong ging thang, ti phi |c kp cht v treo chc chn:chi tho

ti sau khi n |c t an ton vo v tr khng th ri.2.3.20. Tuyt i khng cho php c ng|i pha d|i ti v trn |ng i ca ti ang

nng h.

2.4. Quy tc nghim thu sau lp t

2.4.1. n v lp t thang my phi lm cc vic chun b cho nghim thu bo gm:

a. Hon chnh b h s;

b. Chun b cho thang my sn sng hot ng;

c. Cng bn t hng chun b ti v m bo cc iu kin nghim thu.

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2.4.2. Vic nghim thu sau lp t thang my nhm mc ch xc nh:

a. Mc ph hp cc thng s v kch th|c ca thang my vi cc s liu ghitrong h s k thut.

b. Thang my iu kin vn hnh an ton.

2.4.3. Cc thng s k thut cn kim tra gm c:

a.

Trng ti:b.

Vn tc lm vic v vn tc chm:

c. chnh xc ng thang cc tng;

d. Din tch sn cabin ca thang ch ng|i.

2.4.4. Nghim thu thang my iu kin vn hnh an ton phi bo gm:

a. Quan st kim tra:

b. Th khng ti:

c. Th ti tnh:

d. Th ti ng.

2.4.5.

Khi quan st phi kim tra tnh trng ca:

a.

B dn ng:

b. Thit b in:

c. Cc thit b an ton:

d.

B iu khin, chiu sng v tn hiu:

e. Phn bo che ging thang;

f. Cabin, i trng, ray dn h|ng;

g. Ca cabin v ca tng:

h. Cp (xch) v phn kp cht u cp (xch):

i. Bo v in:

j. B cch in ca thit b in v dy in.

Ngoi ra cn kim tra cc khong cch an ton, s in v cc dng c cn thittrong bung my, cc bin nhn nh my.

2.4.6. Khi th khng ti cn kim tra hot ng ca cc b phn sau:

a. B dn ng (pht nhit, chy du, hot ng ca phanh):

b. Ca cabin v ca tng;

c. B iu khin chiu sng v tn hiu;

d.

Cc b phn an ton (cng tc hnh trnh nt STOP" kha t ng ca tng,sn ng ca cabin).

2.4.7. Th ti tnh nhm mc ch kim tra bn cc chi tit ca b dn ng tincy ca phanh cp khng b tr|t trn puli dn, bn ca cabin, ca kt cu treocabin, treo i trng v tin cy kp u cp.

Th ti tnh |c thc hin vi cabin tng thp nht, gi ti trong thi gian 10pht vi ti quy nh v|t qu trng ti:

a. 50%i vi thang my c tang ca cp v thang my dng xch lm dy ko:

b. 100% i vi thang my c puli dn cp.

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Th ti tnh c th thay th bng 3 ln di chuyn cabin i xung vi ti v|t trngti 50%.

2.4.8. Th ti ng nhm mc ch kim tra tin cy ca thang my c ti v kim trahot ng ca b hm an ton, b hn ch vn tc v b gim chn, bng cchcht ti v|t trng ti 10% cho cabin chyln xung 3 ln.

3.

S dng thang my3.1.

Ch s dng thang my trng thi k thut tt v |c cp ng k s dng.

3.2. Nhng ng|i vn hnh v s dng thang my phi trong trng thi sc khe bnhth|ng.

Cm nhng ng|i say r|u, thn knh khng bnh th|ng vo v tr vn hnh iukhin hoc vo cabin s dng thang my.

3.3. Tr|ng hp mt in hoc ang sa cha bo d|ng phi treo bin thng bo tmngng hot ng cc ca tng dng v ct cu dao in vo thang my.

3.4. Thang my ch hng c phn iu khin n gian (ng tng iu khin bng tay)nht thit phi c ni quy vn hnh cht ch m bo an ton trong vn hnh khai

thc s dng.Ni quy ny phi |c th tr|ng n v duyt v treo v tr d nhn ti ni vnhnh

Tuyt i khng |c vn chuyn ti m khng xc nh |c trng l|ng ca n.

3.5. Khi vn chuyn loi hng ha ri, vn, khng |c hng ra sn cabin m phing hng vo bao b, thng chia.

Ch |c ra sn i vi thang my chuyn dng vn chuyn hng ri c kt cucabin dng thng chia tiu chun.

3.6. Cm ch ng|i trong thang my chuyn dng ch hng (loi 5).

3.7. Nghim cm nhng ng|i khng c trch nhim t vo cc v tr sau:

-

Bung my;

- H thang;

- ng trn nc cabin;

- Dng cha kha m cc ca tng, ca thng, ca quan st, ca bung my;

- T cu dao cp in, hp cu ch.

Cha kha cc v tr ni trn do ng|i chu trch nhim qun l v s hot ng anton ca thang my gi, cha th hai |c bn giao lun phin cho ng|i trc vnhnh.

3.8. Ti trong cabin phi |c xp chc chn n nh, v phn b cn i trn mt sn.

Cm chuyn ch cc loi hng nng, cng knh xp ng cng vi ng|i.3.9. Khi vn chuyn loi hng c kh nng gy chy, d kch n hoc c hi phi c

bin php phng nga c bit.

Cm vn chuyn cc loi hng ny cng vi ng|i.

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Ph lc 1

Thang my: cc nh ngha v phn loi .

1. Cabin: Bung thang my chia ng|i hoc hng chuyn ch.

2. Trng ti: Khi l|ng nng cho php ln nht ca thang my o bng kilgam (kg).

3. St chia: S l|ng ng|i nhiu nht cho php ch trn thang my; sc chia ph thucvo din tch sn cabin. Thng s ny ghi trong h s k thut ca thang my chi c tnhcht tham kbo.

4. Ging thang (Well): khong khng gian gii hn bi cc vch bo quanh, mt y h vtrn ca ging; ging thang l khng gian cc phn chuyn ng ca thang: cabin,i trng, cp, xch v.v... di chuyn trong .

5. im ng: v tr ra vo cabin thang my ti mi tng ng s dng.

6. H ging (PIT): Phn ging thang pha d|i im dng thp nht.

7.

Bung nh ging (headroom): phn ging thang pha trn im ng cao nht.

8. Vn tc lm vic: vn tc vn hnh theo thit k o bng m/pht hoc m/giy (m/min,m/s). Vn tc lm vic trn 2,5m/s (150m/min) |c gi l vn tc cao.

9. Vn tc sa cha: Vn tc chm chi dng trong qu trnh kim tra, sa cha.

Ph lc 2

Tiu chun loi b cp thp

1 S si t ln nht cho php trn mt b|c bn

Cu to cp, s siH s d tr bnban u ca cp 6 x 19 = 114 6 x 37 = 222

Bn cho Bn xui Bn cho Bn xui

9

9

1010 12

12 14

14 16

14

1618

20

22

7

89

10

11

23

2629

32

35

12

1314

16

17

2 Phi loi b cp theo mn (gim |ng knh) so vi ban u l 10%.

3 Ph lc ny p dng i vi cc loi cp:

- Treo cabin (i trng)

- Cp ko h thng hm an ton.

-

Cp treo cnh ca la ng v.v...4 Vic thay th nh k hoc loi b cp c th cn c theo quy nh ring ca Nh ch

to.

Documents

TCVN 5744-1993.pdf