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TDS – Total Dissolved SolidsTDS Total Dissolved Solids
Patrick Campbell, DEP‐DWWM
M 18 2009May 18, 2009
What is TDS?• Total Dissolved Solids (milligrams per liter) (mg/l)
– Amount of dissolved matter in waterAmount of dissolved matter in water
– Ocean water 35,000 mg/l
Fresh water normally less than 100 mg/l– Fresh water normally less than 100 mg/l
– Rain less than 10 mg/l
St l l t d / d ti it• Strongly correlated w/ conductivity – e.g. TDS 500 mg/l ~= Conductivity 750 µs/cm (~66%)
• PA WQ Standard to protect drinking water use = 500 mg/l Monthly Avg. / 750 maximum
Much Concern in Northern WVMuch Concern in Northern WV
• Upper Mon River Association ‐ several meetingsUpper Mon River Association several meetings
• Resolution by Morgantown City Council
2960 ( G ’ O )• HB 2960 (House Gov’t Org.)
• Interest from Dischargers as well
Information GatheringInformation Gathering
• TDS monitoring added to Large River NetworkTDS monitoring added to Large River Network
• Continuous Conductivity Monitors online
S• WWTP Surveys
• Extensive Pre‐TMDL Monitoring in Monongahela watershed beginning July ’09
WVDEP ‐ Large River Monitoring TDS Results
612643
700
800
1830
612
505
447
02427
500
600
/L)
271250
197
379
232
402
332
397
341
199
300
400
TDS (m
g/
148
6439
197
88
46 5174 83 80 85 74
176
66
143
81
150
111127
182
84 97
158
199
100
200
0
Continuous Monitors Online
W t F k Ri•West Fork River•Mon River @ Pt. Marion•Dunkard Ck•Tygart River
http://wv.usgs.gov/
PSD Data
700
800
PSD Data
Chlorides ‐ In Chlorides ‐ Out
674
635
500
600Sulfates ‐ In Sulfates ‐ Out
TDS ‐ In TDS ‐ Out
388
452
404
443 440
300
400
500
mg/L
163145
278
182200
256200
300
54
96
46
107
332781
47
121
39
126
35 50 63 1728
145
100
60 43 330
100
Pleasant View PSD W Pl
Town Of New Haven Lumberport Area PSD Moundsville Paden City Wastewater Pl
Pax**Wastewater Plant Plant
WVDEP Chemical Monitoring
• 6 Long Term Sites, increased to monthly
• 200+ DMR Trend Stations200+ DMR Trend Stations
• Upcoming TMDL Monitoring at (7/09‐6/10)~139 it thl– ~139 sites, monthly
Sources of TDSSources of TDS
• MinesMines
• Landfills
d l• Road salt
• Brine
• WWTPs
• ScrubbersScrubbers
• Water softeners
M h• Many others
EPA Recommended TDS CriteriaEPA Recommended TDS Criteria
Human Health Aquatic LifeHuman Health
• Non‐Priority Pollutant– 1986 Gold Book Value
Aquatic Life
• None– Discussion of individual ion
– 250 mg/l
– Taste and laxative effects
criteria (e.g. chloride, sulfate) v. TDS
– Increasing effects observed at
• Secondary Drinking Water Std. – Non‐enforceable
increasing levels
– 500 mg/l
Neighboring States’ TDS CriteriaNeighboring States TDS Criteria
• Kentucky – 750 mg/l HH @ POI (going to 250?)Kentucky 750 mg/l HH @ POI (going to 250?)
• Ohio – 1,500 mg/l AQL; HH 500 mg/l avg/750 max @POImax @POI
• Maryland
• Pennsylvania ‐ 500 mg/l monthly average @ POI– 750 daily maximum (HH and cold water)
• Virginia – 500 mg/l HH @ POI
• ORSANCO ‐ noneORSANCO none
Next StepsNext Steps
• Information gathering continuesInformation gathering continues
• Dialogue w/ EPA
S li i i f i b /2/09• Solicitation of input by 7/2/09
• More updates as triennial review continues