Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7th International Conference on Thermal Equipment, Renewable Energy and Rural Development
TE-RE-RD 2018
7th International Conference on
Thermal Equipment, Renewable Energy
and Rural Development
TE-RE-RD 2018
(CD-ROM)
ORGANIZERS:
University “POLITEHNICA” of Bucharest Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics -
Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering -
National Institute Of Research – Development For Machines And Installations Designed To Agriculture And Food Industry – INMA
Romanian Agricultural Mechanical Engineers Society – SIMAR
Editors:
Prof.dr.ing. Gabriel-Paul NEGREANU
Senior Lecturer dr.ing. Iulian-Claudiu DUȚU
Drobeta Turnu Severin – Romania
31 May - 02 June 2018
ISSN 2457 – 3302,
ISSN-L 2457 - 3302
Editura POLITEHNICA PRESS
COVER: Gabriel-Paul Negreanu
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Dr. Atanas ATANASOV BULGARIA
Prof. Viorel BĂDESCU ROMANIA
Prof. Hristo BELOEV BULGARIA
Prof. Alexandru DOBROVICESCU ROMANIA
Dr. Cătălin DUMITRESCU ROMANIA
Prof. Iliya ILIEV BULGARIA
Prof. Ion V. ION ROMANIA
Prof. Krzysztof JESIONEK POLAND
Prof. Önder KABAŞ TURKEY
Dr. Mihai MATACHE ROMANIA
Dr. Igor KOVACEV CROATIA
Prof. Edmond MAICAN ROMANIA
Dr. Lucian MÂNDREA ROMANIA
Prof. Jaroslaw MILESKI POLAND
Prof. Prof. Mirjana LAKOTIC-PAUNOVIC SERBIA
Prof. Constantin PANA ROMANIA
Prof. Gigel PARASCHIV ROMANIA
Prof. Ionel PÎȘĂ ROMANIA
Dr. Ion PIRNĂ ROMANIA
Prof. Tudor PRISECARU ROMANIA
Prof. Violeta RASHEVA BULGARIA
Prof. Kemal Çağatay SELVİ TURKEY
Prof. Mariana Florentina ŞTEFĂNESCU ROMANIA
Prof. Marija TODOROVIC SERBIA
Prof. Rosen VASILEV BULGARIA
Prof. Gheorghe VOICU ROMANIA
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chairman Prof. Lucian MIHĂESCU ROMANIA
Co-chairmen Prof. Sorin-Ştefan BIRIŞ ROMANIA
Prof. Gabriel-Paul NEGREANU ROMANIA
Dr. Valentin VLĂDUŢ ROMANIA
Dr. Iulian-Claudiu DUȚU ROMANIA
Members Dr. Cristian-Gabriel ALIONTE ROMANIA
Prof. Valentin APOSTOL ROMANIA
Prof. Mircea BĂDESCU ROMANIA
Dipl.Eng. Viorel BERBECE ROMANIA
Dr. Cristina COVALIU ROMANIA
PhD student ing. Iuliana GĂGEANU ROMANIA
Dr. Mihaela-Florentina DUȚU ROMANIA
Dr. Irina-Aura ISTRATE ROMANIA
Dr. Elena POP ROMANIA
Dr. Iulian VOICEA ROMANIA
Secretary
PhD student ing. Mariana MUNTEANU ROMANIA
PhD student ing. Cristina Mihaela CIOBANU ROMANIA
Dipl. ing. Gabriel GHEORGHE ROMANIA
M.B.A. Andreea CRISTESCU ROMANIA
CONFERENCE SPONSORS
Sos. Bucuresti - Magurele nr. 232
051434 Bucuresti 5, Romania Tel: +40 21 255 31 32 Fax: +40 21 255 30 66
Calea Basarabiei nr. 96B
Loc. Huşi, jud. Vaslui, Romania
Tel. / Fax. +40 335 426 839
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Thursday, May 31 Friday, June 01 Saturday, June 02
Breakfast Breakfast
15.00-16.00 Registration of participants
08.30-09.30 Registration of participants
09.00-12.00 Networking
16.00-16.30 Opening ceremony
09.30-11.00 Oral presentations
"Sections 1, 2"
12.00 Participants departure
16.30-18.30 Plenary session
11.00-11.30 Coffee break
19.00-21.00 Welcome Cocktail
11.30-13.00 Oral presentations
"Section 1, 2"
13.00-14.30
Lunch
14.30-16.30 Oral presentations
"Section 1, 2"
16.30-17.00 Coffee break
17.00-18.30 "Workshop”
19.30-22.00
Conference dinner
CONTENTS
SECTION 1: THERMAL EQUIPMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
1. The wastewater treatment using ozone technologies
B. K. Aliyarov, Sh.A. Bakhtaev, S. B.Abdreshova, B. Ongar, K. Jesionek ……………… 1
2. Comparative analysis of possible solutions of using heat recovered from UPB-
CHP plant
D. Ban (Tuțică), P. Tudor, E. Minciuc, V.-E. Cenușă ……………………………………. 7
3. Comparative analysis of two solar driven cycles under clear and cloudy sky
conditions
B. Borcilă, C. Stanciu, M. Costea, S. Petrescu, M. Feidt …………….…………………… 10
4. The use of raw animal fats-butanol-diesel fuel blends at diesel engine
Al. Cernat, C. Pană, Gh. Lăzăroiu, N. Negurescu, Cr. Nuțu, A. Nicolici …..…….….…… 17
5. Experimental investigation of parabolic trough solar collector (PTC)
performance for water desalination
D. M. H. Al-Shamkhee, E. O. A. Al-Zaini, Q. A. Abed…………………………………... 21
6. Modeling of heating sector development with transition to biomass-based
generation scenario till 2050 in Ukraine
A.Epik, V. Zubenko ………………………………………………………………………. 27
7. Capillary-porous cooling systems for melting units
A. A. Genbach, N. O. Jamankulova, I. K. Iliev……………………………………………. 33
8. Investigation of porous coverage in cooling systems for turbine equipment
elements
A. A. Genbach, D. Yu. Bondartsev, I. K. Iliev …..……………………………………….. 37
9. Heating with heat pipes
A. A. Genbach, K. Olzhabayeva, K. Shokolakov, I. K. Iliev …………………………….. 43
10. Comparative analysis of the existing dust collectors with the designed capillary
porous dust collector with controlled geometry of micro-channels
A. Genbach, K. Shokolakov, A. Terziev ……….………………………………………… 49
11. Application of economizer in biomass boiler house in Boryspil airport: case study
S. Heletukha ……….……………………………………………………………………… 55
12. Performance analysis of a biogas-fueled gas turbine cogeneration system
I. V. Ion, F. Popescu, S.L. Paraschiv, S. Paraschiv ……………...……………………….. 59
13. Integration of micro-cogeneration systems into existing buildings
A. Ionescu, L. Barelli, Gh. Lăzăroiu ................................................................................... 63
14. Thermal energy storage for micro cogeneration systems
A. Ionescu, L. Barelli, Gh. Lazaroiu ................................................................................... 69
15. Correction of pollution emissions measurements on fuel combustion
I. Iordache, E. Pop, L. Mihăescu .......................................................................................... 75
16. Energy efficiency of buildings – legislation in the Republic of Serbia
M. Kovaćević, I. Tasić ......................................................................................................... 79
17. Energy efficiency of the receiver of solar energy in the territory of the Republic
of Serbia
M. Kovaćević, I. Tasić, J. Pekez .......................................................................................... 85
18. Experiments on the energy characteristics of poultry manure
Gh. Lăzăroiu, L. Mihăescu, I. Pîșă, G. Negreanu, D. Ciupăgeanu, A. Bondrea,
V. Berbece, V. Galbură, M. Tîrșu ........................................................................................ 91
19. Evaluation of erosion risk for a cogeneration steam turbine when steam
parameters change
G. Negreanu, I. Oprea, R. Băcanu, D. Baciu......................................................................... 95
20. The use of raw animal fats-buthanol-diesel fuel blends at diesel engine
Al. Cernat, C. Pana, Gh. Lazaroiu , N. Negurescu, C. Nutu, A. Nicolici……………… 101
21. A research on fuelling a car diesel engine with liquefied petroleum gas
N. C. Nutu, C. Pana, N. Negurescu, Al. Cernat, D. Fuiorescu, L. Nemoianu..................... 105
22. Low power cogeneration installation using solid vineyard waste biomass
I. Oprea ............................................................................................................................. 111
23. Modelling of desulphurization process with the scope of SO2 emissions decrease
and increase of synthetic gypsum quality
T. Prisecaru, M.M. Prisecaru, R. Lisnic ……………..……………………………….… 115
24. Energetic performance increase of an engine-electric generator group
P. Radoescu, C. Pana, N. Negurescu, Al. Cernat, C. Nutu……………………………….. 121
25. On the way to approximate diesel engines emissions: a literature review
B. Radu, Al. Racovitză........................................................................................................ 125
26. Results from an energy audit of a joint-stock company “Medica AD”, Bulgaria
V. Rasheva, V. Kamburova, M. Velikanov ........................................................................ 129
27. The use of low temperature geothermal energy at historical buildings – case
study for a hotel
P. Tudor, V.E. Cenușă, D. Ban (Tuțică), I.C. Duțu …………………................................ 135
28. Increasing the efficiency of thermal collectors by using thermal tubes
Kr. Uzuneanu ……….......................................................................................................... 139
29. Energy from biomass obtaining in the gasification process – modular
construction of the gasification machine
G. Wieczorkiewicz, K. Jesionek, M. Rychlik, R. Roszak................................................... 143
30. Analytical heat conduction solution for two-dimensional cartesian slab under the
effect of a laser pulse W. A. Abd Al-wahid, Q. A Abed....................................................................................... 149
31. Providing the isolated localities with various energy types at the acceptable cost
Ul. Zhalmagambetova, Al. Mergalimova, B. Aliyarov ..................................................... 155
SECTION 2: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
32. Biomass conversion by pyrolysis
I.D. Alexandru …………………………………………………………………………… 159
33. Technology for the recovery of zootechnical waste through the process of
anaerobic digestion
V. Bălan, I. Voicea, I. Găgeanu, D. Cujbescu, C. Persu, M. Dilea,
N. Ungureanu, C.I. Moga ……………………………………………………………….. 165
34. Superior valorification of lentil flour and application in bread products
A.E. Boeriu, Cr.M. Canja, Ad. Măzărel ............................................................................. 171
35. Experimental researches on determining the qualitative working indices for
vegetable and leguminous plants sowing machine on sandy soils
Gh. Bolintineanu, D. Cujbescu, C. Persu, I. Găgeanu, I. Voicea, G. Gheorghe,
L. Vlăduțoiu, I. Dumitru, R. Oprescu, N. Ungureanu, Cr. Vlad ………………………… 177
36. Printers contribution to indoor level of particulate matter and solution to reduce
this emissions
A. Bordaș, I. Istrate, M.G. Munteanu ................................................................................. 183
37. Research regarding the process of medicinal herbs drying technology
I.L. Caba, E.A. Laza, V. Vlăduţ, A. Păun ……………………………………………….. 189
38. The relations between Cultural Landscapes, Open Source Hardware and Open
Innovation in Rural Development
Al. Calcatinge …………………………………………………………………………… 193
39. Environmental protection in food industry through food waste control
C.M. Canja, Ad.E. Boeriu, A. Măzărel .............................................................................. 199
40. Aspects on the working process of the cement mills and dimensional
characteristics of the raw material
Cr. Ciobanu, Gh. Voicu, M.L. Toma, P. Tudor …………………………………….…… 205
41. Wastewater treatment by flotation using magnetic nanomaterials
Il.C. Covaliu, A. Bruneau, St. Kermade, G. Paraschiv, S.Șt. Biriş, C.I. Moga,
G. Petrescu, M.G. Matache, I. Filip ………………………………………...…….…….. 211
42. Modeling, simulation and study of loads and deformations in traction devices
A.C. Cristescu, L. Popa, V. Ștefan, Al. Angheleț .............................................................. 215
43. Considerations on the use of drones in precision agriculture
D. Cujbescu, C. Persu, I. Găgeanu, I. Voicea, G. Gheorghe, L. Vlăduțoiu,
I. Dumitru, R. Oprescu ....................................................................................................... 221
44. A review regarding models which predict landfill gas generation
M. Dincă, M. Ferdeş, B.Şt. Zăbavă, N. Ungureanu, G. Moiceanu, M. Ionescu ................ 227
45. Ozone and nitrogen oxides production in sterilized tap water by an ozone
generator type OZONFIX 8G
M. Dincă, M. Ferdeş, G. Paraschiv, B.Şt. Zăbavă, N. Ungureanu, L. Constantin ............. 233
46. Technology for cultivating bicolor sorghum for food or energetic purposes
I. Dumitru, I. Voicea, V. Vlăduț, I. Găgeanu, R. Oprescu, C. Persu,
N. Ungureanu, V. Bălan …………………………………………………………………. 239
47. Investigation of a digital hydraulic actuation system for a waste baling press
I.C. Duțu, S.Șt. Biriș, E. Maican, P. Tudor, R.I. Rădoi ...................................................... 245
48. Motor wheel modelling of a tractor
M.Fl. Duţu, M. Begea, I.C. Duţu, Al. Cȋrȋc, G. Simion ..................................................... 251
49. The growth behavior of E. COLI K12-MG1655 and the consumption of the
substrate in different sugar concentrations culture media
M. Ferdeș, M. Dincă, B.Șt. Zăbavă, G. Paraschiv ............................................................. 257
50. Benefits of using additives in the production of biomass pellets
I. Găgeanu, Gh. Voicu, D. Cujbescu, C. Persu, G. Gheorghe, I. Voicea ………………... 263
51. Considerations on improving biomass pellets quality by using additives
I. Găgeanu, Gh. Voicu, D. Cujbescu, C. Persu, O. Pandia …………………………..….. 267
52. Study on the automatic adjustment of the constructive and functional parameters
of the vibratory tillage tools
N.E. Gheorghiță, S.Șt. Biriș, N. Ungureanu, M. Ionescu, M.G. Munteanu ……………... 271
53. Considerations on sage culture technology and essential oils obtaining
I. Grigore, E. Sorica, Cr. Sorică, A.I. Grigore, L. Vladuţoiu ……………………………. 275
54. Studies and research regarding the technology of extracting volatile oils from
medicinal herbs
E.A. Laza, I.L. Caba, A. Păun, V. Vlăduţ ……………………………………………….. 279
55. The role of eco – marketing strategies concerning sustainable development of
Romanian tourism
A. Măzărel, L. Cismaru, A.E. Boeriu, Cr.M. Canja ……………...…………………..…. 285
56. Aspects regarding Miscanthus grinding process for peletization/briquetting
G. Moiceanu , G. Paraschiv, Gh. Voicu, M. Dincă, V. Vlăduț, I. Găgeanu …………..... 291
57. Structural and cinematic analysis of the elevating mechanism of a utility vehicle's
shutter
V. Moise, L. Dudici, Al. Rotaru, Şt. Moise ..................................................................... 297
58. Innovative model of vertical dryer for cereal seeds
A. Muscalu, P. Cârlescu Petru, Cr. Sorică, Vl. Arsenoaia, M. Bîrsan ………...……….. 303
59. Considerations on the construction and operation of a device for soil modelling in
interrupted furrows for weeding crops
M.R. Oprescu, S.Șt. Biriș, I. Voicea, D. Cujbescu, C. Persu, I. Găgeanu,
V. Vlăduț, I. Dumitru …………………………………………………………………… 309
303
INNOVATIVE MODEL OF VERTICAL DRYER FOR CEREAL SEEDS
PhD. Stud. Eng. Muscalu Adriana1,3), PhD. Eng. Cârlescu Petru2), PhD. Eng. Sorică Cristian1),PhD. Eng. Arsenoaia Vlad 2), PhD. Stud. Eng. Bîrsan Mariana1,3)
1)INMA Bucharest,2)Department of Pedotechnics, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineIaşi,3)University Politehnica Bucharest - Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering
ABSTRACT
Generally, after harvesting, healthy cereal seeds are subjected to conservation technologies, themost common being drying. This is a complex energy-intensive process of heat and mass transfer, theinstallations used having high energy consumption per kilogram of product, as well as a long dryingtime. In order to properly optimize the drying process, it is necessary to deeply know the phenomenarelated to the behavior of wet materials (seeds) in the drying installations. To this is added thehighlighting of the decisive influence of their specific parameters on the decrease of moisture.
The paper presents a synthesis of mathematical modelling and simulations conducted in order toidentify and determine a series of parameters based on which was dimensioned and designed theinnovative Model of vertical dryer with heat recovery (MIUV-0).
1. INTRODUCTION
Reducing post-harvesting loses contributes to the increase of food safety and depends onthreshing, cleaning, drying and depositing seeds. Drying represents removing moisture so thatit allows seeds depositing for long periods, as well as satisfying the quality conditions thequality conditions imposed for seeds destined for consumptions or sowing, thus adequatelyresponding to handling and processing [4].
Drying is the most intense energy process in the food industry. That is why, in the case ofseed dryers, it is necessary to manage the thermal regime thoroughly by knowing theirtechnical and functional parameters. Reducing energy consumption and ensuring high quality,with minimal increase in economic inputs, have become the targets for the continuousmodernization of these machines [2,12]. Heating intensity and the energy consumptiondepend on the dimensions and on the initial temperature, the moisture of the bodies, themicrostructural characteristics of porous materials, their anisotropy, the content and theaggregate state of the water inside them, the temperature and moisture values of the heatingmedium, etc. [11]
In general, the model is considered as a simplified (material or symbolic) representationof the objective reality (sometimes of an abstract theory) that is subordinated to the purpose ofthe research. The purpose of mathematical modeling is to build a tool (mathematical) thatprovides a comprehension of the action that raises interest and to make accurate predictionson its evolution. Always, the complexity of a model implies a balance between its simplicityand its accuracy of representation [1, 5, 6].
The innovative vertical dryer model with heat recovery (MIUV-0) was dimensioned anddesigned based on mathematical modeling and simulations conducted to identify anddetermine a series of specific parameters.
16, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Bd., tel: 0726234242, e-mail:[email protected]
304
2. METHODOLOGY
In order to estimate and track the evolution of temperature and moisture fields over timeat any point of the product layer (cereal seeds) subjected to the drying process, a mathematicalmodel was developed using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation and alaboratory dryer, which can be equipped with two drying boxes: rectangular (fig.1) orcylindrical (fig.2). The equipment allows the control and monitoring of the drying processparameters, which can be selected by the operator before or during the drying process [2, 3].
Figure 1: Diagram and general view of the laboratory drier [2]With rectangular box With cylindrical box
1 - ventilator; 2 – temperature sensor; 3 – moisture sensor; 4 – insulation layer; 5 – controlpanel; 6 – electrical resistance; 7 – cold air; 8 - body; 9 – hot air; 10 – speed sensor; 11 –
drying cells.12 – moisture sensor for the drying agent
used.12 – fixed cover; 13 – mobile cover; 14 –
section changing.
The process of drying cereal seeds is carried out by convection, the heat being broughtinto the layers of material (considered porous), through the means of hot air (the dryingagent). Once it enters the cereal mass, mass transfer (water) begins from the inside of theproduct towards its surface. The water moves both under the influence of capillary forces aswell as due to the contraction of the product during dehydration, easily reaching the surfacewhere the evaporation phenomenon occurs. Air is the transfer medium that takes up thevapors produced. Towards the end of the drying process, water transfer is slower due to thedry layer formed on the surface of the product [2, 3, 7, 8].
The mathematical model of the convective drying process is based on the theory of fluidsdynamics, mass balance and energy. During the drying process, moisture decreasescontinuously, following complex variation laws [2].
Heat agent flow was simulated numerically for both types of dryers. For the cylindricalcase, the current lines of thermal agent obtained had a laminar flow at the entrance to the box,and the thermal agent had a uniform distribution in the layers of seeds subjected to drying alongthe cylindrical sieve (fig. 3). This had favorable consequences in terms of the drying time,which was of a lower duration as well as on the uniformity of drying (fig.4). For cereal seeds isnot recommended to use aggressive drying conditions, characterized by high temperatures andlow moisture content of the drying agent, because they negatively influence the initial quality ofthe material, expressed mainly by the gluten content [2, 3]. The values of the temperature, therelative moisture of the drying agent and its speed (parameters of the drying regime) influenceboth the drying process and the quality of the material to be dried [2, 3, 7, 8].
305
Figure 3: (Path lines) Flow of air fieldlines [2]
Figure 4: Variation of drying time for cereal seeds(wheat) [3]
By knowing the temperature profile in the grain seed layer is possible to optimize the airflow and temperature in the layers. For this purpose, the mathematical modeling of mass and heattransfer was achieved in a three-layered cereal seed dryer. Experimentally, a three-concentriclayer cylindrical drier was designed and developed to study temperature and moisture distributionfor improving qualitative indices of corn seed for preservation (Fig.5). The interior deflectors ofthe drier have the role of uniformizing the hot air, on the height of the layer [7].
Figure 5: Geometry of driers and deflectors: a) section; b) hybrid mesh(1 thermal agent pipe (hot air), 2 layer I of seeds, 3 layer II, 4 layer III, 5 deflectors) [7]
The research method was developed by mathematical modeling of mass and heat transferphenomena in corn seed layers based on a series of data obtained and verified byexperimenting on the laboratory model. The equations governing mass and heat transfer areexpressed in general terms, see Eq. (1). In order to model the phenomena that occur during thedrying of corn, it is necessary to adapt them [7]. The partial differential equation of generalform mathematically describing the drying phenomenon:
St aa
(1)Φ is the amount of interest that in this case is the energy or moisture content of theintergranular air, ρa is the air density, v is the superficial velocity or air load, as opposed to theaverage velocity of air flowing between corn seeds, Γ is the actual diffusion coefficient of Φthrough the layer of corn seeds, t is time, Δ is del operator, SΦ is a source term. Eq. (1) refersto a small differential corn region and this implies that the properties were averaged over agiven final volume [7].
306
Thus, the standard CFD package has been modified to be used to simulate the transfer ofmoisture (mass) and heat occurring during the corn drying process. Characteristics thatspecifically apply to bulk dried corn have been adapted to operator defined functions (UDFs).These have been translated into ''C'' language and then inserted into the FLUENT software [7].
For CFD simulation, the geometry of the drying zone and its discretization in the form ofa hybrid meshing having 938,000 elements (Fig.5b), using the GAMBIT software. Both forthe experimental version and the CFD simulation were imposed the same initial conditions forseeds, and for seed initial moisture, the drying agent temperature, drying speed and dryingtime were considered the same values. After post-processing of CFD simulations, the mainparameters of interest in the color scheme of the corn seed drying process for each calculationnode were presented as temperature fields or by showing the flow of air through the lines ofcurrent depending on its speed and temperature. Subsequent processing was performed for thethree layers of corn seeds following temperature and moisture distribution, see Fig. 6 [7].
Figure 6: Vertical drier: a) temperature field K; b) absolute moisture fieldkg water vapors / kg dry product; I first layer; II second layer, III-third layer.
(v = 2 m s-1; T = 343 K=70 ° C) [7]
Following the mathematical modeling of mass and heat transfer and of the use ofexperimental data, CFD simulation resulted in an optimum thickness of 0.1 m corn layer inthe dryer.
Based on mathematical modeling, the use of experimental data and CFD simulations,calculations were performed (energy balance, pneumatic transport, sizing, resistance, etc.) fora cereal seed dryer with heat recovery, modulated, of cylindrical shape, for which wereconsidered: the maximum temperature of the drying agent 70oC; atmospheric air temperatureof 20oC; relative air moisture 50%, etc. The hourly heat quantity required for the operation ofthe installation was evaluated, dimensioning the air current generating ventilator, the systemfor heating the medium, the pneumatic system for feeding the seed dryer and the supportingframe elements were evaluated. [9,10].
After evaluating the execution documentation, MIUV-0 was constructed. In order tosolve the heat flow and heat transfer problems inside the vertical drier, the CFD simulationmethod was used. The complex construction geometry of the innovative vertical drying modelwith heat recovery for drying cereal seeds (Figure 7) was simplified for CFD simulation, sothat the inner flow areas of the thermal agent and the transfer of heat that occurs during drying(Figure 8) cab be visualized. The dimensions of the dryer used in the CFD simulation wereidentical with those of the built-in model, and the simplifications of the vertical driergeometry did not influence the physical phenomena occurring during the drying process
307
(height - 3 m, diameter - 1 m, layer thickness - 0.1 m, module height - 0.4 m; Φ hot-air inlet -0.2 m) [8].
Figure 8: Vertical drier geometry forCFD simulation 1, 2, 3 drying sections;4, 5 cooling sections; 6 grain seed layer;7 warm air inlet for drying; 8 nozzle; 9
deflector cones [8]
Figure 7: Innovation vertical drier with heatrecovery
CFD simulation allowed the temperature fields to be drawn in point of the vertical dryer(fig. 9), which would not be allowed by placing a large number of temperature transducers [8].
Figure 9: Temperature fieldon the vertical section (°C)
Figure 10: Velocity field onthe vertical section (ms-1) [8]
Figure 11: Path lines field onthe vertical section [8]
By introducing the five cones inside the drier, air velocity distribution in the three dryingzones became uniform, and the velocity vector was directed from inside the drier to theoutside (fig. 10). In the two cooling regions at the bottom of the drier, the insertion of theinjector made it possible to orient the velocity vector from the outside to the inside byabsorbing the cold air from the atmosphere to cool the cereal layer. The air velocity at theentrance of the dryer was 6 m s-1, and in the cereal layer was 1...2 m s-1 [8].
308
The distribution of current lines from the exterior and the thermal agent inside the verticaldryer (fig. 11) shows the role of deflector cones and of injector nozzle formed inside the drier.By the construction formation of the injector and by placing it in the lower part of the dryer, alocal pressure drop occurs, leading to the absorption of air from the atmosphere through the twolower cooling regions of the dryer, causing cooling of the dried cereals. Thus, part of the heatthey accumulated through the drying process was recovered and reintroduced into the dryer'sgeneral circuit. The temperature obtained by CFD simulation had an error of ± 5% compared tothe experimental determinations, representing an acceptable level in the heat transfer domain.
CONCLUSIONS
Following the CFD simulations on the pilot installation, the calculations and the design, amodular Innovative Vertical Dryer Model with heat recovery was developed, equipped withheating / cooling agent equalizing devices. Modulated construction offers the possibility ofassembly and adequate adjustments inside the dryer, at the level of devices for temperatureand velocity parameters uniformity. The development of the machine contributes to thedevelopment of research in the field of additional devices for guiding airflow towards thecereals layers, because vertical driers that are currently available on the market, are notprovided with such endowments.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific
Research and Innovation, CNCS/CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-1357, within PNCDI III, contract no.18PED/2017.
References
[1] Andrei N., Essay on Fundamentals of Informatics, Yes Pub. House, Bucharest, 2006.[2] Arsenoaia V.N, Cârlescu P., Corduneanu O., Diaconu A., Țenu I. CFD Simulation of the Hot Air Flow UsedFor Cereal Seed Drying, ISSN 1454 – 8003, Proceedings International Conference on Hydraulics andPneumatics – HERVEX, pg. 298-302, Baile Govora, Romania November 9-11, 2016.[3] Arsenoaia V., Carlescu P., Rosca R,. Tenu I., Studies Regarding the Technological Effect of a New DryingMethod on the Quality of Wheat Seeds, International Symposium ISB-INMA TEH – AGRICULTURAL ANDMECHANICAL ENGINEERING, Bucharest, ISSN 2344-4126, pg. 303-308, 26-28 October 2017;[4] Bala B. K. Drying and Storage of Cereal Grains, Print ISBN:9781119124238, Online ISBN:9781119124207DOI:10.1002/9781119124207, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2016.[5] Bistriceanu E., Stănăşilă O. Mathematics and Reality, Matrix Rom Pub. House, Bucharest, 2009.[6] Cârlescu P. M, Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Industrial Physic Processes Performantica Pub.House, Iași, 2005.[7] Cârlescu P.M. , Arsenoaia V. N, Tenu I., Muscalu A., Birsan M. Researches of Mass and Heat Transfer of anInnovative Vertical Dryer, Proceeding of the 46-th International Symposium Actual Task on AgriculturalEngineering, Opatija, Croatia, pg. 407-417, 27-th February - 1-st March 2018.[8] Cârlescu P.M., Arsenoaia V. N, Tenu I., Muscalu A., Vladut V. CFD Simulation of an Innovative VerticalDryer for Agricultural Seeds Dryer Proceeding of the 46-th International Symposium Actual Task onAgricultural Engineering, Opatija, Croatia, pg. 419-427, 27-th February - 1-st March 2018.[9] Cernăianu C. Considerations on optimizing the heat balance of the fluid bed seed drying plant. Termotehnica(AGIR), pg.41-46, no. 1-2/2005;[10] Costin I. Miller’s Book, Technical Pub. House, Bucharest 1988;[11] Deliiski N. Transient Heat Conduction in Capillary Porous Bodies, Convection and Conduction HeatTransfer, Dr. Amimul Ahsan (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-582-2, October 2011;[12] Doymaz, I., İsmail, O., Drying Characteristics of Sweet Cherry. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 89(1),pg. 31-38, 2011.
