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Voracious Vocabulary Instruction
Teaching General Academic and Content-Specific Vocabulary Across the Disciplines
Presented by Laura Heflin
Importance of VocabularyContributes to comprehension, fluency, and
achievement.Research shows high correlation between
vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension
Academic language is difficult to learn as it is not used in everyday language, but it is necessary for accessing academic content
Important to dual-code words in memory with print and nonlinguistic forms (visual and sensory)
3 Tiers of WordsTier 3 – Highly specialized, subject-specific; low
occurrences in texts; lacking generalization◦ E.g., lava, aorta, legislature, circumference
Tier 2 –Abstract, general academic (across content areas); encountered in written language; high utility across instructional areas◦ E.g., vary, relative, innovation, accumulate, surface,
layerTier 1 – Basic, concrete, encountered in
conversation/ oral vocabulary; words most student will know at a particular grade level◦ E.g., clock, baby, Common Core State Standards, Appendix A, page 33
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
Why are “academic words” important?They are critical to understanding academic texts.They appear in all sorts of texts.They require deliberate effort to learn, unlike Tier
1 words.They are far more likely to appear in written texts
than in speech.They often represent subtle or precise ways to say
otherwise relatively simple things.They are seldom heavily scaffolded by authors or
teachers, unlike Tier 3 words. Common Core State Standards,
Appendix A, page
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
Selecting Words to TeachTeaching fewer words in depth is more
effective than teaching many words at the surface level
Focus should be on words that are key to comprehension and that are frequently used by adults in everyday conversation, reading, and writingCurious, gazing, mysterious, stingy,
scrumptious, drowsy
Choosing wordsJose avoided playing the ukulele.Which word would you choose to pre-teach?
Which word?
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
AvoidedWhy?Verbs are where the action is
Teach avoid, avoided, avoidsLikely to see it again in grade-level textLikely to see it on assessmentsWe are going to start calling these useful
words “Tier 2 words”Why not ukulele?
Rarely seen in printRarely used in stories or conversation or
content-area information
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
How do I determine that a word is TIER 2?Word Is this a
generally useful word?
Does the word relate to other words and ideas that students know or have been learning?
Is the word useful in helping students understand text?
If you answer “yes” to all three questions, it is a Tier 2 word. If not, it is probably a Tier 3 word.
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
What about Tier 3 Words?Words that are associated with specific
domains or content areas should be taught as they are encountered, usually during content area instructionMorpheme, peninsula, similes, nucleus,
protons
How Many Words?In school settings, students can be explicitly
taught a deep understanding of about 300 words each year.
Divided by the range of content students need to know (e.g., math, science, history, literature), of these 300–350 words, roughly 60 words can be taught within one subject area each year.
It is reasonable to teach thoroughly about eight to ten words per week. (Chall, 1996)
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
Implications for InstructionTeach fewer words.Focus on important Tier 2 (high utility,
cross-domain words) to know & remember.
Simply provide Tier 3 (domain-specific, technical) words with a definition.
Illinois State Board of Education- English Language Arts Content Specialists
Vocabulary Resources
WordleCreates a word cloud to indentify key
vocabulary in a digital text
http://www.wordle.net/create Gettysburg Address
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/gettyb.asp
WordsiftGreat pre-reading activity for digital or inputted textSorts words in text according to difficultyIdentifies academic words and most-represented
wordsShows a collected of related images, a word map,
and lists sentences from the text that present the word in different contexts
http://wordsift.com/
http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3757754
Tag Galaxy
Creates a 3-D orbiting galaxy of words and their associations. You click on a word/globe to populate images of that word from Flicker
http://taggalaxy.de/ Eg. Type “fossil”
GlossaryFrayer ModelDefinition, use in a sentence, explanation of
importance, drawing, synonym, antonym, part of speech
Teacher can provide for unit/academic vocabulary
Students can create to deepen understanding of spelling words
Teacher Provided Glossary Entry
Student Created Glossary Entry
FlashcardstashDictionary based website Sign up for a free account to create and store
word lists to support written textCan access definitions, example sentences from
context , and pictures to support the wordCreate a set of digital flash cards to practice
the words with no-nonsense games and quizzes.
http://d97cooltools.blogspot.com/2011/07/wordstash-is-online-vocabulary-building.html
PodcastsUse video (eg. Flip Camera) to define word, use it in
context, explain its importance, and provide oral practice activities
Teacher can create to introduce or reinforce vocabulary
Students can create to take ownership of their learning and access higher-level thinking skills
Can be published online to extend learning beyond the classroom
Research shows students who had access to podcasts were more motivated to learn vocabulary and indicated that podcasts helped them learn new vocabulary
Podcast ExamplesGeneral Vocabulary Podcast – unanimous- LL
Cool J http://www.sesamestreet.org/play#media/video_82f54b85-b421-4311-969b-56c693b38fa2
Math Podcast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Pmk1xLv8w0
Free RiceProvides a word with 4 synonym choicesAdjusts difficulty based on your responseCorrect answers donate 10 grains of rice to
needy countries
http://freerice.com/#/english-vocabulary/1426
Other ResourcesCommon Core Math Vocabulary Cards to Print Out
http://www.burke.k12.nc.us/curriculum/elementary/Pages/Common-Core-Resources.aspx
Common Core Math Vocabulary Practice by Grade/Standardhttp://www.spellingcity.com/math-vocabulary.html English/Language Gameshttp://www.vocabulary.co.il/ Scientific Inquiryhttp://www.spellingcity.com/view-spelling-list.html?listId=5601730
Wordia- videos to make personal connectionshttp://www.wordia.com/
Create Your Own PodcastI have vocabulary words and visuals for social
studies, science, reading, and mathDefine wordUse it in contextExplain its importance or useProvide oral practice activitiesThink about how you could teach a
vocabulary word and provide students with a visual to create their own podcast as reinforcement of their learning