Geo2 Study track: Solid Earth Geophysics

Teaching, research interests, thesis topics

Ilmo KukkonenGeoscience Dept. Seminar

17.11.2017

Teaching

You’ll meet me at least on these courses:

Introduction to Solid Earth Geophysics

Geothermics

Lithosphere Structure and Dynamics

Field course of Solid Earth Geophysics

Borehole Geophysics

17.11.2017

Research interests?

• Heat transfer in the Earth

• Deep drilling projects

• Applying physics in geological problems

• Thermal evolution of the Fennoscandianlithosphere

• When and how did the Fennoscandian Shieldbecome a ’shield’?

17.11.2017

Research I’m currently involved in …

Geothermics and geothermal energy:Deep geothermal drilling in Espoo Heat flow and heat production in FennoscandiaHeat flow and seismicity in FennoscandiaGeoneutrinos: modeling lithospheric heat production

Thermal properties of rocks and nuclear waste disposal:Lab and in situ measurements of rock thermal properties in Olkiluoto

Hydrothermal alteration and reflection seismic properties of rocksPetrophysics and petrology combined

Low temperature thermochronology in FinlandDeep boreholes in Outokumpu and Espoo

Thesis topics…

17.11.2017

Master’s thesis

Solid earth geophysics

17.11.2017

Lithology and

structures of bedrock

in the Otaniemi deep

boreholes

Geological and/or

geophysical work on the

samples from OTN

boreholes 2 – 7 km

(industry supported)

Ilmo Kukkonen

Deep drilling

OTN-1 2015 m

OTN-2 (now 3300 m)

OTN-3 (now 5385 m)

Preliminary title Notes Contact

Heat transfer in rocks :

Heat and mass transfer

in coaxial drill hole

casings for geothermal

energy applications

Theoretical modeling

work on heat transfer

(industry supported)

Ilmo Kukkonen

Inverse solution of

conductive heat transfer

in 3D anisotropic

medium

Theoretical modeling

related to waste disposal

(industry supported)

Ilmo Kukkonen

Preliminary title Notes Contact

17.11.2017

17.11.2017

Heat transfer in a coaxial borehole casing• Application in geothermal energy use• Down-flowing water heats up• But up-flowing water cools down• Optimizing flow rate, heat transfer and casing materials• Numerical modeling (Comsol Multiphysics)

Figures on analyticalsolutions adapted fromEricsson 1985

Processing and analysis

of seismic reflection

data in exploration and

mining camps

Seismic data processing:

Several case histories

available

Emilia Koivisto

Ilmo Kukkonen

Hydrothermally altered

mineralized systems:

Seismic reflection

properties of rocks

Experimental and

theoretical study

(includes both

geophysics and geology)

Ilmo Kukkonen

Emilia Koivisto

Reflection seismics :

Preliminary title Notes Contact

17.11.2017

Hannukainen: FeOx-Cu-Au depositD

epth

(m

)

Previously mined skarn /amphibolite layer with semimassive magnetite

Unknown skarn/amphibolitelayers?

Hannukainenopen pit

[Adapted from Kukkonen et al., 2009]17.11.2017

Hydrothermally altered mineralized systems: Seismic reflection properties of rocks, Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE deposit

• Reflectivity depends on velocity and density

• Alteration: e.g., formation of secondaryamphibole, epidote, serpentine, sulfides

• How does alteration change the reflectionproperties?

• Kevitsa: The mineralization is related to host-rock contamination (incl. alteration)

• Sulphides alone are not sufficient to produce reflectivity

[Junno et al., 2017, under review]

17.11.2017

Cosmogenic isotopes in

age dating of glacial

bedrock morphology

Initiating application

of an age dating

method so far not

used in Finland

Ilmo Kukkonen

David Whipp

Seija Kultti

Low temperature

thermochronology:

Fission track & He-U-Th-

methods

Studying the methods

in theory and practice

David Whipp

Ilmo Kukkonen

Modeling of

thermochronological data

Thermal modeling

with existing and new

software

David Whipp

Ilmo Kukkonen

Low temperature thermochronology:

Preliminary title Notes Contact

17.11.2017

Apatite fission track ages in Fennoscandia• Time BP when the bedrock surface cooled below 60-110°C• When did the shield become a shield?

Hendriks et al., 200717.11.2017

Compilation of thermochronological data in Fennoscandia (Finland)

Monte Carlo inversions based on tracklength distributions and paleotemperatures

Features• Cooling from orogenic events ̴1500 Ma• Cambrian peneplain ̴600 Ma• Early Paleozoic reheating ̴400 Ma• Reheating at ̴100 Ma (?)

• The shield was exposed already in theCambrian (?)

• New sedimentation in the Paleozoic (?)• Last phase of exhumation was quite

recent (< 100 Ma) (?)

Murrell (2003)

Tem

per

ture

Tem

per

ture

Time

17.11.2017

Radiogenic heat

production model of the

lithosphere based on

geochemistry and seismic

data

Modeling based on

radiogenic heat

production data and

wide-angle seismic

profiles in Finland

Ilmo Kukkonen

Toni Veikkolainen

Geoneutrinos and

radiogenic heat

production of the Earth

Detection estimation

of geoneutrinos in the

Pyhäsalmi case

Ilmo Kukkonen

Toni Veikkolainen

U-Th-K geophysics and geochemistry: Radiogenic heat production

Preliminary title Notes Contact

17.11.2017

Radiogenic heatproduction in Finland

• Basic facts: HP is a primary factorcontrolling crustal temperatures/ HP tells the story of chemicaldifferentiation of the earth

• In the map, HP was calculated from U, Th, K data on outcrops

• How does heat production vary withdepth?

• How to estimate the lithospheric heatproduction from surface to uppermantle?

Veikkolainen and Kukkonen, 2017 (in prep.)

μW m-3

Kiitos kuulijoille!

Ilmo Kukkonen 14.11.2017

Thanks for your attention!Questions?