Ocean Hydropower

Harvest Station

Team 5Carlos Sosa

Michael HortaMaria Medina

According to U.S. Energy Information Administration

oUnits are in Quadrillion BtuoBritish thermal unit (Btu)oQuadrillion = 1,000,000,000,000,000 o 1 Btu = 0.29307107Wo 154,975,103 GW were consumed in 2012

Total World Energy Consumption

oIn the next 50 years the world population is expected to increase by 2 billion

oIf each of those new 2 billion individuals uses one 50W light bulb

o50x200000000 = 100,000,000,000W = 100GW of more energy consumption to account for

Estimated Increase in Population

Power Plant Type

Cost ($/KW-hr)

Coal $0.10-0.14Natural Gas $0.07-0.13Nuclear $0.10Wind $0.08-0.20Solar PV $0.13Solar Thermal $0.24Geothermal $0.05Biomass $0.10Hydro $0.08

o This table compares the US average levelized electricity cost (LEC) in dollars per kilowatt-hour for both non-renewable and alternative fuels

o LEC is the total cost of build and operate a power plant over its life divided by the total power output over its lifetime

o Hydro energy is not the cheapest initially, however it does show better results then other forms of power

o With the right investment and technology it can have promising results

These results are based on US EIA statistics and analysis from Annual Energy Outlook 2014

Cost Analysis

o EPRI estimates the total wave energy resource along the outer continental is at 2,640 TWh/yr

o 1 TWh/yr of energy will supply around 93,850 average U.S. homes with power annually

Wave Energy

http://www.irishtimes.com/polopoly_fs/1.1925677.1410533549!/image/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/box_620_330/image.jpg

oWave energy devices being developed and tested for diverse regions, and a variety of technologies have been proposed to capture the energy from waves all around the world

oWave technologies have been designed to be installed in the nearshore, offshore, remote, and far offshore locations

Diverse Regions

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Elevation.jpg

oFor now, the best wave generator technology in place in the United Kingdom and is producing energy at an average cost of 7.5 cents kWh

oElectricity generated by large scale coal burning power plants costs about 2.6 cents per kWh

o2 cent per kWh is the projected goal to set for renewable wave energy

Cost Incentives

Wave Power Through Time

1940’s 19731799 1903

First known patent for ocean wave energy by Girard and

his son in Paris, France

The first oscillating water-column type of wave-energy

device made by Bochaux-Praceique near Bordeaux,

France

Yoshio Masuda’s experiments took over the modern search for harvesting wave energy

The oil crisis gave renewable energies new momentum to be further

researched by many universities worldwide

1997

Ocean Power Technologies founded

1998

Pelamis Wave Power founded

2008

The Clean Energy Tax Stimulus Act

StructureoHexagonal shaped designoMade of pvc pipes filled with

polyurethane foamo Structure will enclose a power

generator

Alternative Design #1

Methods of Generating PoweroWaves compress air in chamber causing

the air to be forced upward and spin the propeller

oWave movement forces the magnet to move up and down inside the coil and generate a current

oIncorporate a jellyfish-like appearance

oEnclose is a bubble-like materialoProtect marine life

oAdd florescent colorso Led or glow in the dark painto Improve visibility in the dark and

under harsh weather

Aesthetics

o Freewheel or overrunning clutch is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft

o In the oscillation of the buoy, the alternator will only be engaged in the downward motion of the lever, therefor producing a constant direction in rational motion

Alternative Design #2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewheel#/media/File:Freewheel_en.svg

Clockwise Free Rotation

Counter Clockwise Locked Rotation

o In a permanent magnet generator, the magnetic field of the rotor is produced by permanent magnets. Other types of generator use electromagnets to produce a magnetic field in a rotor winding

o Can also produce energy in both rotations

PMA Alternator

http://i.ebayimg.com/01/!Btf)CwgBWk~$(KGrHqYOKkYEvPP1BkV1BL8NFZF(h!~~_35.JPG

o Spur and helical gear reducers are the best candidates for use as a speed increase

o Spur gear speed reducer may be used as a speed increaser within the same speed and power range for which it is rated as a speed reducer

Spur Gear Speed Increaser

http://www.davidbrown.cn/products/centre%20drives%20large.jpg

o Similar technology to the Beta Stirling Engineo A piston attached to a buoy will move up and

down by the oscillating motion of the waves housed in a thin, light cylindrical structure

o The piston will be pinned to a large gear, housed in a larger cylindrical structure, causing the gear to rotate

o The larger gear will be connected to a smaller one which will then be connected to an alternator

Alternative Design #3

http://www.cnccookbook.com/img/StirlingEngines/BetaStirlingTG4web.jpg