Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Simulation of traffic line Simulation of traffic line and natural surveillanceand natural surveillance

Team BIM Japan

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

What is What is natural surveillance natural surveillance ??• Natural surveillance means to secure urban areas against criminal

offenders under observation by building occupants and passersby in natural way.

• Jacobs (1961) first referred to the effectiveness of natural surveillance.

• Crowe (1991) classified surveillance as three types; natural, organized, and mechanical. Natural surveillance is considered most important.

ReferencesJacobs, J. (1961 ） The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.Crowe, T.D. (1991 ） Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: Applications of Architectural Design and Space Management Concepts . Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Surveillance Classification

（ Crowe, 1991 ）

MechanicalOrganized

Natural

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

How to simulate How to simulate natural surveillance natural surveillance ??

• Referring to Koike et al. (2008), we “Team BIM Japan” assumed that “level of natural surveillance (t)” can be defined as the amount of agents’ eye fixation at that time.– Agents: agents of persons who exist within the allocated site (Area 6);

such as public space users, residents, etc.– We simulated traffic lines of agents with “building EXODUS” including

traffic schedule of agents, and natural surveillance with “3ds MAX”.– Agents’ eye fixation can be modeled as lightness in the space by using

unidirectional lighting model in “3ds MAX”.

• Elements of agents– Traffic schedule

• Time• Start point• End point

– Eye fixation• Range• Sight

ReferencesKoike et al. (2008) Development of the Models Showing the Extent of Natural Surveillance by Using Light Projecting Method, AIJ J. Technol. Des., Vol. 14, No. 27, 311-314, Jun., 2008.

Natural Surveillance

Eye fixation can be modeled by usingunidirectional lighting model in “3ds MAX”

Simulation

“level of natural surveillance (t)” can be definedas the amount of agents’ eye fixation at that time.

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Data flowData flowRevit Architecture Revit Architecture

building EXODUSbuilding EXODUS

3ds Max3ds Max

Natural surveillance

DXF

Elements of agents(Eye fixation)

Elements of agents(Traffic schedule)

Conversion program (original)Conversion program (original)

Traffic lineDWG

XML Traffic line

IFC

Revit Architecture Revit Architecture

Traffic line

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Result: traffic lineResult: traffic line

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Result: Result: natural surveillancenatural surveillance

6-12 (24h)

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Security PlanningSecurity Planningthrough Simulationthrough Simulation

Team BIM Japan

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Security PlanningSecurity Planning

• Find crowded areas, and control traffic lines– Add CCTV at crowded areas

• Find areas where natural surveillance is not enough, and add surveillance– Add mechanical surveillance (CCTV)

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Security planning: traffic lineSecurity planning: traffic line

Add mechanical surveillance here

Team BIM JapanTeam BIM Japan

Security planning: Security planning: natural surveillancenatural surveillance

Add mechanical surveillance here

6-12 (24h)